2. 狮子吼品
2. Sīhanādavaggo
1. 狮子吼经注释
1. Sīhanādasuttavaṇṇanā
11第二经的第一部分中,“avāpurenti”(打开),即以此开门,故为“avāpuraṇaṃ”(开门工具)。“rajaṃ haranti”(除尘),即以此除尘,故为“rajoharaṇaṃ”(除尘具)。“Kaḷopihattho”(手持篮者)指手持竹制容器者;也有说指手持皮制容器者。“Chinnāni visāṇāni etassāti chinnavisāṇo”(其角被截断,故为截角者),此牛既是公牛又是截角者,故合称为“usabhachinnavisāṇo”(截角公牛)。此为别释复合词。所谓“以蛇尸”等,是为说明见到极其可厌、令人作呕的尸体。“kaṇṭhe āsattena”(系于颈上),即被某个敌人带来系于颈上,意为被套住。“aṭṭo”(痛苦)指苦恼,因恶臭逼迫而受折磨。接受罪过,或容忍。因为当此理由被指出时,他即由此脱离。故说“paṭiggaṇhatu(请接受)”即“khamatu(请原谅)”。其余文义,此处易解。
11. Dutiyassa paṭhame avāpurenti vivaranti dvāraṃ etenāti avāpuraṇaṃ. Rajaṃ haranti etenāti rajoharaṇaṃ. Kaḷopihatthoti vilīvamayabhājanahattho, ‘‘cammamayabhājanahattho’’ti ca vadanti. Chinnāni visāṇāni etassāti chinnavisāṇo, usabho ca so chinnavisāṇo cāti usabhachinnavisāṇo. Visesanaparoyaṃ samāso. Ahikuṇapena vātiādi atijegucchappaṭikūlakuṇapadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Kaṇṭhe āsattenāti kenacideva paccatthikena ānetvā kaṇṭhe baddhena, omukkenāti attho. Aṭṭo āturo duggandhapīḷāya pīḷito. Accayassa paṭiggaṇhanaṃ vā adhivāsanaṃ. Evañhi so kāraṇe desiyamāne tato vigato nāma hoti. Tenāha ‘‘paṭiggaṇhatūti khamatū’’ti. Sesamettha suviññeyyameva.
2. 有馀依经注释
2. Saupādisesasuttavaṇṇanā
1212. 在第二经中,“bhavassa appamattakatā”(有之微小)是指时间极其短暂,故说“仅如弹指之量”。
12. Dutiye bhavassa appamattakatā nāma ittarakālatāyāti āha ‘‘accharāsaṅghātamattampī’’ti.
3. 拘絺罗经注释
3. Koṭṭhikasuttavaṇṇanā
1313. 在第三经中,“diṭṭhadhammo”(现法)指现前存在的有身,于此处应被感受的果报称为“diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ”(现法受),故说“即于此有身中”。因具有四蕴或五蕴的果报,趣向有想有的业为“bahuvedanīyaṃ”(多受);因仅具有一蕴的果报,趣向无想有的业称为“appavedanīyaṃ”(少受)。然而有些论师说:“无色界业因需长时间感受果报,故为多受;其余为少受。或者,色界与无色界业为多受,小业为少受。”“vedanīyaṃ”(应受)指当其他缘和合时能产生果报的能力,并非已经开始产生果报。“avedanīyaṃ”(不应受)指因缺乏缘而不能成熟的业,如已无效业等类别。
13. Tatiye diṭṭhadhammo vuccati paccakkhabhūto attabhāvo, tasmiṃ veditabbaṃ phalaṃ diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘imasmiṃyeva attabhāve’’ti. Catuppañcakkhandhaphalatāya saññābhavūpagaṃ kammaṃ bahuvedanīyaṃ. Ekakkhandhaphalattā asaññābhavūpagaṃ kammaṃ ‘‘appavedanīya’’nti vuttaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘arūpāvacarakammaṃ bahukālaṃ veditabbaphalattā bahuvedanīyaṃ, itaraṃ appavedanīyaṃ. Rūpārūpāvacarakammaṃ vā bahuvedanīyaṃ, parittaṃ kammaṃ appavedanīya’’nti vadanti. Vedanīyanti paccayantarasamavāye vipākuppādanasamatthaṃ, na āraddhavipākameva. Avedanīyanti paccayavekallena vipaccituṃ asamatthaṃ ahosikammādibhedaṃ.
4. 《三弥提经》注疏
4. Samiddhisuttavaṇṇanā
1414. 在第四经中,“三弥提”(samiddhi):据说这位长老的有身圆满、相貌美好、令人悦意,因此称为三弥提。故说“因有身圆满”等。“色界等”(rūpadhātuādisu)中的“等”字,包含了声界等。
14. Catutthe samiddhīti therassa kira attabhāvo samiddho abhirūpo pāsādiko, tasmā samiddhītveva saṅkhāto. Tenāha ‘‘attabhāvasamiddhatāyā’’tiādi. Rūpadhātuādīsūti ādi-saddena saddadhātuādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti.
5-9. 《肿物经》等注疏
5-9. Gaṇḍasuttādivaṇṇanā
15-1915-19. 第五经中,“mātāpettikasambhavassa”(父母所生)指由母与父所生,由父精母血所生。“ucchādanadhammassa”(应涂抹法)指具有应被涂抹的性质。“parimaddanadhammassa”(应按摩法)指具有应被按摩的性质。此处,以饭、粥、增长、涂抹等词述说增长;以无常、破坏、离散等词述说衰损。又,前者为集,后者为灭。如此显示四大所造身的增长、衰损、产生与坏灭。其余文义容易了解。第六等诸经的意义明显。
15-19. Pañcame mātāpettikasambhavassāti mātito ca pitito ca nibbattena mātāpettikena sukkasoṇitena sambhūtassa. Ucchādanadhammassāti ucchādetabbasabhāvassa. Parimaddanadhammassāti parimadditabbasabhāvassa. Ettha ca odanakummāsūpacayaucchādanapadehi vaḍḍhi kathitā, aniccabhedanaviddhaṃsanapadehi hāni. Purimehi vā samudayo, pacchimehi atthaṅgamoti evaṃ cātumahābhūtikassa kāyassa vaḍḍhiparihāninibbattibhedā dassitā. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva. Chaṭṭhādīni uttānatthāni.
10. 毗罗摩经注释
10. Velāmasuttavaṇṇanā
2020. 第十经中,“sakuṇḍakabhatta”(碎米饭)指碎米与未脱壳米煮成的饭。以少量碎米与米粒一同煮熟,即是未脱壳米饭。“biḷaṅga”指酸粥,因从酸粥产生,或说从酸粥而生,故称“kañjiya”(粥水)。此粥水为其第二,故为“biḷaṅgadutiya”(以酸粥为第二),即说以粥水为第二。“asakkaritvā”(不恭敬)指对施物及受施者不恭敬。对施物不恭敬即不圆满;对受施者不恭敬即不尊重。对施物不恭敬者,给予带有未脱壳米等缺点的食物,不令圆满。对受施者不恭敬者,不打扫座位,令坐于任意之处,随意派遣仆童施与。“acittīkatvā”(不心存尊重)即内心不存敬意,不尊崇。心存恭敬者,将应恭敬的对象置于心中,不放置于心外;或心怀稀有而行,称为尊重;反之则为不尊重,即不珍视。“apaviddhaṃ”(弃舍)如同丢弃残食等可弃之物。若有人以欲丢弃之心,如从病人身上擦下饭食投入蚁穴般施与,这便是弃舍施。“anāgamanadiṭṭhiko”(无来见者):凡对“我此布施之果报必当来”持有业自作见者,为有来见者。此人并非如此,故为无来见者。
20. Dasame sakuṇḍakabhattanti sakuṇḍakaṃ uttaṇḍulabhattaṃ. Parittehi sakuṇḍehi taṇḍulehipi saddhiṃ vipakkabhattaṃ uttaṇḍulameva hoti. Biḷaṅgaṃ vuccati āranāḷaṃ, biḷaṅgato nibbattanato tadeva kañjiyato jātanti kañjiyaṃ, taṃ dutiyaṃ etassāti biḷaṅgadutiyaṃ, taṃ kañjiyadutiyanti vuttaṃ. Asakkaritvāti deyyadhammampi puggalampi asakkaritvā. Deyyadhammassa asakkaraṇaṃ asampannakāro, puggalassa asakkaraṇaṃ agarukaraṇaṃ. Deyyadhammaṃ asakkaronto hi uttaṇḍulādidosasamannāgataṃ āhāraṃ deti, na sampannaṃ karoti. Puggalaṃ asakkaronto nisīdanaṭṭhānaṃ asammajjitvā yattha tattha vā nisīdāpetvā yaṃ vā taṃ vā dārakaṃ pesetvā deti. Acittīkatvāti na cittiṃ katvā, na pūjetvāti attho. Pūjento hi pūjetabbavatthuṃ citte ṭhapeti, na tato bahi karoti. Cittaṃ vā acchariyaṃ katvā paṭipatti cittīkaraṇaṃ sambhāvanakiriyā, tappaṭikkhepato acittīkaraṇaṃ asambhāvanakiriyā. Apaviddhanti ucchiṭṭhādichaḍḍanīyadhammaṃ viya avakhittakaṃ. Yo hi chaḍḍetukāmo hutvā rogino sarīre odanādīni majjitvā vammike rogaṃ pakkhipanto viya deti, ayaṃ apaviddhaṃ deti nāma. Anāgamanadiṭṭhikoti ‘‘addhā imassa dānassa phalaṃ mama āgacchatī’’ti evaṃ yassa kammassakatadiṭṭhi atthi, so āgamanadiṭṭhiko. Ayaṃ pana na tādisoti anāgamanadiṭṭhiko, phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ hutvā na detīti attho. Tenāha ‘‘na kammañca phalañca saddahitvā detī’’ti.
“毗罗摩”(Velāmo):此处“mā”是否定词。对于种姓、家族、容貌、财富等功德,没有界限(velā mariyādā),故称“毗罗摩”;或谓对于前述功德,界限已达终点(amati osānaṃ),故称“毗罗摩”;又或谓超越界限,故称“毗罗摩”。因此说“由种姓、家族……等而得此名”。“所施”(dīyati)即布施,指布施之物。在此处被供奉、被舍出,故称“布施之首”(dānagga);或说在此处接受布施,故称“布施之首”,如同“饭食之首”是指分配食物之处。“布座”(dukūlasandanāni):指铺设于银器等上的布料,是乳汁流注之处,故称布座。“持壶”(kaṃsūpadhāraṇāni):即银制挤奶容器。因此称为“银制盛乳容器”。银制盛乳容器,即以银制成的盛乳容器。“应净化”(sodheyya):指应通过修习令生大果而加以净化。因为通过获得大果的成就,供养才被称为清净。
Velāmoti ettha mā-saddo paṭisedhavacano. Jātigottarūpabhogādiguṇānaṃ velā mariyādā natthi etasminti velāmo. Atha vā yathāvuttaguṇānaṃ velā mariyādā amati osānaṃ gacchati etasminti velāmo, velaṃ vā mariyādaṃ amati gacchati atikkamatīti velāmo. Tenāha ‘‘jātigotta…pe… evaṃladdhanāmo’’ti. Dīyatīti dānaṃ, dānavatthu. Taṃ aggīyati nissajjīyati etthāti dānaggaṃ. Dānaṃ vā gaṇhanti etthāti dānaggaṃ, evaṃ bhattaggaṃ, parivesanaṭṭhānaṃ. Dukūlasandanānīti rajatabhājanādinissite dukūle khīrassa sandanaṃ etesanti dukūlasandanāni. Kaṃsūpadhāraṇānīti rajatamayadohabhājanāni. Tenāha ‘‘rajatamayakhīrapaṭicchakānī’’ti. Rajatamayāni khīrapaṭicchakāni khīrapaṭiggahabhājanāni etesanti rajatamayakhīrapaṭicchakāni. Sodheyyāti mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena visodheyya. Mahapphalabhāvappattiyā hi dakkhiṇā visujjhati nāma.
「由道而来的不退转皈依」是说明出世间的皈依;而「其他」等所说的,则是世间的皈依。所谓「皈依」,是指甘舍生命而皈依三宝的功德,它赐予一切成就,故其果报更为殊胜。此即:若有人以利刃威胁说:‘你若不舍弃所受的皈依,我便杀了你!’即便他真的夺去性命,此人依然坚定地说:‘我绝不宣称佛陀非佛、佛法非法、僧伽非僧。’这便是依于坚固受持而说。「由道而来者」是就出世间戒而言,而以「其他」等说的则是世间戒。此戒对一切众生施予无畏、放下刀杖,因而成为一切世间与出世间功德的立足处,当知其果报极大、利益甚多。
Maggenāgataṃ anivattanasaraṇanti iminā lokuttarasaraṇagamanaṃ dīpeti. Aparetiādinā lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ vuttaṃ. Saraṇaṃ nāma tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ jīvitapariccāgamayaṃ puññaṃ sabbasampattiṃ deti, tasmā mahapphalataranti adhippāyo. Idañca – ‘‘sace tvaṃ yathā gahitaṃ saraṇaṃ na bhindissasi, evāhaṃ taṃ māremī’’ti yadipi koci tiṇhena satthena jīvitā voropeyya, tathāpi ‘‘nevāhaṃ buddhaṃ na buddhoti, dhammaṃ na dhammoti, saṅghaṃ na saṅghoti vadāmī’’ti daḷhataraṃ katvā gahitassa vasena vuttaṃ. Maggenāgatanti lokuttarasīlaṃ sandhāya vadati. Aparetiādinā pana lokiyasīlaṃ vuttaṃ. Sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ jīvitadānādinihitadaṇḍatāya sakalalokiyalokuttaraguṇādhiṭṭhānato cassa mahapphalamahānisaṃsatā veditabbā.
「闻仅」指仅仅嗅一下。「挤奶时间仅」在异本中解释为挤奶的时间,意即极为短暂。为说明这并非指整个挤奶的时间,故说其义为「仅母牛一次抹乳时」。「抹仅」只是牵拉一下罢了。解释说:握住母牛的乳房,仅挤出一滴奶的片刻,便是「挤奶时间仅」。正因为如此短暂的时间,人不论在住处内室、僧房、寺院附近的范围,还是在无量的世界界域中,都能修习将利益遍施一切众生的慈心。这种慈心的修习,比前面所说的布施等更具大果报。
Upasiṅghanamattanti ghāyanamattaṃ. Gaddohanamattanti pāṭhantare godohanamattaṃ kālanti attho. So ca na sakalo godohanakkhaṇo adhippetoti dassetuṃ ‘‘gāviyā ekavāraṃ thanaañchanamatta’’nti attho vutto. Añchanamattanti ākaḍḍhanamattaṃ. Gāviyā thanaṃ gahetvā ekakhīrabinduduhanakālamattampi gadduhanamattanti vadanti. Ettakampi hi kālaṃ yo vasanagabbhapariveṇavihārūpacāraparicchedena vā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu sabbasatte hitapharaṇaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāvetuṃ sakkoti. Idaṃ tato yathāvuttadānādito mahapphalataraṃ.