10. 狮子吼品复注
2. Sīhanādavaggo
23 段
《狮子吼经》的注释
1. Sīhanādasuttavaṇṇanā
11在第二经的第一部分中,“avāpurenti”的意思是打开,也就是用它来开门,所以叫“avāpuraṇaṃ”(开门用具)。“rajaṃ haranti”的意思是除尘,也就是用它来除尘,所以叫“rajoharaṇaṃ”(除尘用具)。“Kaḷopihattho”是指手里拿着竹编容器的人,也有人说是指手里拿着皮制容器的人。“Chinnāni visāṇāni etassāti chinnavisāṇo”是指他的角被砍断了,所以叫“chinnavisāṇo”(断角者);他既是公牛又断了角,所以叫“usabhachinnavisāṇo”(断角公牛)。这是定语在后面的复合词。“Ahikuṇapena vāti”等语,是为了显示极其可厌、令人反感的尸体。“Kaṇṭhe āsattenāti”是指被某个敌人拿来系在脖子上,意思是已挂在颈上。“Aṭṭo āturo duggandhapīḷāya pīḷito”是指被恶臭逼迫所折磨,痛苦不堪。“Accayassa paṭiggaṇhanaṃ vā adhivāsanaṃ”是指接受或容忍其过失。因为这样,当理由被开示时,他就被称为已离于那过失。因此说“paṭiggaṇhatūti khamatū”(请接受,即请原谅)。其余内容在此处很容易理解。
11. Dutiyassa paṭhame avāpurenti vivaranti dvāraṃ etenāti avāpuraṇaṃ. Rajaṃ haranti etenāti rajoharaṇaṃ. Kaḷopihatthoti vilīvamayabhājanahattho, ‘‘cammamayabhājanahattho’’ti ca vadanti. Chinnāni visāṇāni etassāti chinnavisāṇo, usabho ca so chinnavisāṇo cāti usabhachinnavisāṇo. Visesanaparoyaṃ samāso. Ahikuṇapena vātiādi atijegucchappaṭikūlakuṇapadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Kaṇṭhe āsattenāti kenacideva paccatthikena ānetvā kaṇṭhe baddhena, omukkenāti attho. Aṭṭo āturo duggandhapīḷāya pīḷito. Accayassa paṭiggaṇhanaṃ vā adhivāsanaṃ. Evañhi so kāraṇe desiyamāne tato vigato nāma hoti. Tenāha ‘‘paṭiggaṇhatūti khamatū’’ti. Sesamettha suviññeyyameva.
2. 《有余经》注释
2. Saupādisesasuttavaṇṇanā
12在第二部经中,所谓“有之微小”,是指时间极其短暂,所以说“乃至弹指顷之间”。
12. Dutiye bhavassa appamattakatā nāma ittarakālatāyāti āha ‘‘accharāsaṅghātamattampī’’ti.
3. 果提咖经的注释
3. Koṭṭhikasuttavaṇṇanā
1313. 在第三义中,“现法”指现前存在的自身,应当在那里感受的果报就叫“现法受”。因此说“就在这个自身中”。因为果报是四蕴或五蕴,所以趣向有想有的业是“多受”;因为果报只有一蕴,所以趣向无想有的业被称为“少受”。不过有些论师说:“无色界业因为要在很长时间里感受果报,所以是多受;其余的则是少受。或者说,色界和无色界的业是多受,有限的业是少受。”“应受”是指当其他缘具足时能够产生果报,并不是指已经开始产生果报。“不应受”是指因为缺少缘而不能成熟,包括已无效业等类别。
13. Tatiye diṭṭhadhammo vuccati paccakkhabhūto attabhāvo, tasmiṃ veditabbaṃ phalaṃ diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘imasmiṃyeva attabhāve’’ti. Catuppañcakkhandhaphalatāya saññābhavūpagaṃ kammaṃ bahuvedanīyaṃ. Ekakkhandhaphalattā asaññābhavūpagaṃ kammaṃ ‘‘appavedanīya’’nti vuttaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘arūpāvacarakammaṃ bahukālaṃ veditabbaphalattā bahuvedanīyaṃ, itaraṃ appavedanīyaṃ. Rūpārūpāvacarakammaṃ vā bahuvedanīyaṃ, parittaṃ kammaṃ appavedanīya’’nti vadanti. Vedanīyanti paccayantarasamavāye vipākuppādanasamatthaṃ, na āraddhavipākameva. Avedanīyanti paccayavekallena vipaccituṃ asamatthaṃ ahosikammādibhedaṃ.
4. 《萨米提经》注释
4. Samiddhisuttavaṇṇanā
14在第四经的注释里,“萨米提”这个名字:据说这位长老的身体圆满、相貌端正、令人欢喜,所以就被叫做“萨米提”。因此说“因为身体圆满”等等。“色界等”里面的“等”字,把声界等也包括进来了。
14. Catutthe samiddhīti therassa kira attabhāvo samiddho abhirūpo pāsādiko, tasmā samiddhītveva saṅkhāto. Tenāha ‘‘attabhāvasamiddhatāyā’’tiādi. Rūpadhātuādīsūti ādi-saddena saddadhātuādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti.
5-9. 《肿物经》等经的注释
5-9. Gaṇḍasuttādivaṇṇanā
15-1915-19. 第五经中,“父母所生”是指由母方和父方所生,由父精母血而生。“应涂抹法”是指具有应被涂抹的性质。“应按摩法”是指具有应被按摩的性质。在这里,用饭粥所生之增长、涂抹这些词来说明增长;用无常、破坏、离散这些词来说明衰损。或者,前者是集起,后者是灭尽。这样就显示了四大所造身的增长、衰损、产生和坏灭。其余内容很容易理解。第六经等意义浅显明了。
15-19. Pañcame mātāpettikasambhavassāti mātito ca pitito ca nibbattena mātāpettikena sukkasoṇitena sambhūtassa. Ucchādanadhammassāti ucchādetabbasabhāvassa. Parimaddanadhammassāti parimadditabbasabhāvassa. Ettha ca odanakummāsūpacayaucchādanapadehi vaḍḍhi kathitā, aniccabhedanaviddhaṃsanapadehi hāni. Purimehi vā samudayo, pacchimehi atthaṅgamoti evaṃ cātumahābhūtikassa kāyassa vaḍḍhiparihāninibbattibhedā dassitā. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva. Chaṭṭhādīni uttānatthāni.
《韦喇玛经》的注释
10. Velāmasuttavaṇṇanā
2020. 第十种里说的“碎米饭”,是指碎米煮成的饭。用少量碎米连同米粒一起煮熟的饭,就是碎米饭。“biḷaṅga”叫作酸粥水,因为是从biḷaṅga生出来的,所以就叫粥水;这粥水是它的第二样,所以叫“配酸粥水”,说的就是以粥水为第二样。“不恭敬”是指对施物和受施者都不恭敬。对施物不恭敬,就是不好好去做;对受施者不恭敬,就是不尊重。对施物不恭敬的人,给的是带有碎米等缺陷的食物,不把它做圆满。对受施者不恭敬的人,不打扫座位,让人随便坐在哪里,随便派个小孩去给。“不心存尊重”就是心里不存敬意,意思是不尊崇。心存恭敬的人,会把应受恭敬的对象放在心上,不把它丢在心外。或者以稀有难得之心来对待,这就是尊重,是珍视的表现;反过来就是不尊重,是不珍视。“弃舍”就像丢弃残食等该扔掉的东西一样,把它抛掉。如果有人想扔掉,就像从病人身上擦下饭食,把疾病丢进蚁穴那样去给,这就叫给弃舍的东西。“无来见者”:凡是认为“我这布施的果报一定会来到我这里”的人,就是有来见者。而这个人不是那样,所以是无来见者,意思是并不期待果报而给。因此说“不相信业和果报而给”。
20. Dasame sakuṇḍakabhattanti sakuṇḍakaṃ uttaṇḍulabhattaṃ. Parittehi sakuṇḍehi taṇḍulehipi saddhiṃ vipakkabhattaṃ uttaṇḍulameva hoti. Biḷaṅgaṃ vuccati āranāḷaṃ, biḷaṅgato nibbattanato tadeva kañjiyato jātanti kañjiyaṃ, taṃ dutiyaṃ etassāti biḷaṅgadutiyaṃ, taṃ kañjiyadutiyanti vuttaṃ. Asakkaritvāti deyyadhammampi puggalampi asakkaritvā. Deyyadhammassa asakkaraṇaṃ asampannakāro, puggalassa asakkaraṇaṃ agarukaraṇaṃ. Deyyadhammaṃ asakkaronto hi uttaṇḍulādidosasamannāgataṃ āhāraṃ deti, na sampannaṃ karoti. Puggalaṃ asakkaronto nisīdanaṭṭhānaṃ asammajjitvā yattha tattha vā nisīdāpetvā yaṃ vā taṃ vā dārakaṃ pesetvā deti. Acittīkatvāti na cittiṃ katvā, na pūjetvāti attho. Pūjento hi pūjetabbavatthuṃ citte ṭhapeti, na tato bahi karoti. Cittaṃ vā acchariyaṃ katvā paṭipatti cittīkaraṇaṃ sambhāvanakiriyā, tappaṭikkhepato acittīkaraṇaṃ asambhāvanakiriyā. Apaviddhanti ucchiṭṭhādichaḍḍanīyadhammaṃ viya avakhittakaṃ. Yo hi chaḍḍetukāmo hutvā rogino sarīre odanādīni majjitvā vammike rogaṃ pakkhipanto viya deti, ayaṃ apaviddhaṃ deti nāma. Anāgamanadiṭṭhikoti ‘‘addhā imassa dānassa phalaṃ mama āgacchatī’’ti evaṃ yassa kammassakatadiṭṭhi atthi, so āgamanadiṭṭhiko. Ayaṃ pana na tādisoti anāgamanadiṭṭhiko, phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ hutvā na detīti attho. Tenāha ‘‘na kammañca phalañca saddahitvā detī’’ti.
在这里,“mā”这个音是否定词。对于种姓、家族、容貌、财富等功德来说,在此人身上没有界限,所以叫“毗罗摩”。或者也可以说,对于上面说的那些功德,在此人身上界限到了尽头,所以叫“毗罗摩”;又或者说,在此人身上超越了界限,所以叫“毗罗摩”。因此说“由种姓、家族……这样得名”。“dīyati”就是布施,指布施的东西。在这里被供奉、被舍出去,所以叫“布施处”;或者在这里接受布施,所以叫“布施处”,就像“饭堂”是指分配食物的地点一样。“dukūlasandanāni”是指铺在银器等等上面的布料,乳汁流注在这些布料上,所以叫“乳流布”。“kaṃsūpadhāraṇāni”是指银制的挤奶容器。因此说“银制盛乳容器”。银制盛乳容器,就是这些以银做成的、接受乳汁的容器。“sodheyya”是指通过能产生大果报的方式加以净化。因为供养确实是通过获得大果报而清净的。
Velāmoti ettha mā-saddo paṭisedhavacano. Jātigottarūpabhogādiguṇānaṃ velā mariyādā natthi etasminti velāmo. Atha vā yathāvuttaguṇānaṃ velā mariyādā amati osānaṃ gacchati etasminti velāmo, velaṃ vā mariyādaṃ amati gacchati atikkamatīti velāmo. Tenāha ‘‘jātigotta…pe… evaṃladdhanāmo’’ti. Dīyatīti dānaṃ, dānavatthu. Taṃ aggīyati nissajjīyati etthāti dānaggaṃ. Dānaṃ vā gaṇhanti etthāti dānaggaṃ, evaṃ bhattaggaṃ, parivesanaṭṭhānaṃ. Dukūlasandanānīti rajatabhājanādinissite dukūle khīrassa sandanaṃ etesanti dukūlasandanāni. Kaṃsūpadhāraṇānīti rajatamayadohabhājanāni. Tenāha ‘‘rajatamayakhīrapaṭicchakānī’’ti. Rajatamayāni khīrapaṭicchakāni khīrapaṭiggahabhājanāni etesanti rajatamayakhīrapaṭicchakāni. Sodheyyāti mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena visodheyya. Mahapphalabhāvappattiyā hi dakkhiṇā visujjhati nāma.
“由道而来的不退转皈依”,是用来说明出世间的皈依;“其他”等话,说的则是世间的皈依。所谓皈依,就是甘愿舍弃生命也要皈依三宝的功德,它能带来一切成就,所以这里的意思是:它的果报更加殊胜。也就是说:如果有人拿着锋利的刀威胁说:“你如果不放弃已经受持的皈依,我就杀了你!”即使他真的夺走性命,这个人仍然会坚定地说:“我绝不会说佛陀不是佛陀、法不是法、僧伽不是僧伽。”这是就坚固受持皈依来说的。“由道而来”,是就出世间戒来说的;而“其他”等话,说的则是世间戒。因为持戒能对一切众生施予无畏、放下刀杖,并成为一切世间与出世间功德的依止处,所以应当知道,它的果报极大、利益极多。
Maggenāgataṃ anivattanasaraṇanti iminā lokuttarasaraṇagamanaṃ dīpeti. Aparetiādinā lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ vuttaṃ. Saraṇaṃ nāma tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ jīvitapariccāgamayaṃ puññaṃ sabbasampattiṃ deti, tasmā mahapphalataranti adhippāyo. Idañca – ‘‘sace tvaṃ yathā gahitaṃ saraṇaṃ na bhindissasi, evāhaṃ taṃ māremī’’ti yadipi koci tiṇhena satthena jīvitā voropeyya, tathāpi ‘‘nevāhaṃ buddhaṃ na buddhoti, dhammaṃ na dhammoti, saṅghaṃ na saṅghoti vadāmī’’ti daḷhataraṃ katvā gahitassa vasena vuttaṃ. Maggenāgatanti lokuttarasīlaṃ sandhāya vadati. Aparetiādinā pana lokiyasīlaṃ vuttaṃ. Sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ jīvitadānādinihitadaṇḍatāya sakalalokiyalokuttaraguṇādhiṭṭhānato cassa mahapphalamahānisaṃsatā veditabbā.
“只是闻一下”是指仅仅嗅一下。“只是挤奶的时间”在其他版本中写作“挤奶的时间”,意思是时间极短。为了说明这里并不是指整个挤奶的时段,所以解释说,它的意思是“母牛一次拉乳的工夫”。“只是拉一下”就是只拉一下。他们说:抓住母牛的乳房,只挤出一滴奶的那点时间,就叫“挤奶的时间”。就在这么短的时间里,一个人不论是以住处、内室、僧房、寺院附近为范围,还是在无量的世界中,都能够修习把利益遍及一切众生的慈心。这种慈心比前面所说的布施等果报更大。
Upasiṅghanamattanti ghāyanamattaṃ. Gaddohanamattanti pāṭhantare godohanamattaṃ kālanti attho. So ca na sakalo godohanakkhaṇo adhippetoti dassetuṃ ‘‘gāviyā ekavāraṃ thanaañchanamatta’’nti attho vutto. Añchanamattanti ākaḍḍhanamattaṃ. Gāviyā thanaṃ gahetvā ekakhīrabinduduhanakālamattampi gadduhanamattanti vadanti. Ettakampi hi kālaṃ yo vasanagabbhapariveṇavihārūpacāraparicchedena vā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu sabbasatte hitapharaṇaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāvetuṃ sakkoti. Idaṃ tato yathāvuttadānādito mahapphalataraṃ.