一、坐卧具经注疏
1. Senāsanasuttavaṇṇanā
11第二经第一项中,“具足五支”:指具足五种功德支分。“不远不近”:若住处过远,托钵乞食后返回时,身心俱感疲顿,则不能令未生之定生起,亦不能令已生之定坚住;若过近,则为众人杂沓聚集之处。若住处约在四十牛呼范围内,则无远、近之失,可谓往返便利、宜于修行。“白天不嘈杂”:白日之中,不被大众纷扰喧闹。
11. Dutiyassa paṭhame pañcaṅgasamannāgatoti pañcahi guṇaṅgehi samannāgato. Nātidūraṃ hoti nāccāsannanti yañhi atidūre hoti, piṇḍāya caritvā tattha gacchantassa kāyacittadarathā hoti, tato anuppannaṃ vā samādhiṃ uppādetuṃ uppannaṃ vā thiraṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti. Accāsannaṃ bahujanākiṇṇaṃ hoti. Cattālīsausabhamatte pana padese vasataṃ dūrāsannadosavimuttañca gamanāgamanasampannaṃ nāma hoti. Divāappākiṇṇanti divasabhāge mahājanena anākiṇṇaṃ.
二、五支经注疏
2. Pañcaṅgasuttavaṇṇanā
12第二经中“完全者”的解释:指具足完整、圆满的一切功德。“已圆满梵行者”,指已圆满实践梵行生活。“无学”指属于无学法所摄的出世间法。“圣戒蕴”指戒的积聚。“解脱蕴”:此处指除戒等前三蕴之外,其余的果法名为解脱;而解脱的如实知见则是省察智,唯属世间。
12. Dutiye kevalīti kevalehi sakalehi guṇehi samannāgato. Vusitavāti vutthabrahmacariyavāso. Asekhenāti asekhadhammapariyāpannena lokuttarena. Sīlakkhandhenāti sīlarāsinā. Vimuttikkhandhenāti ettha ṭhapetvā sīlādayo tayo sesā phaladhammā vimutti nāma, vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ, taṃ lokiyameva.
三至四、结经等注疏
3-4. Saṃyojanasuttādivaṇṇanā
13-14第三经中“下分结”的解释:指较低部分的结,能系缚众生令其向下。“上分结”指较高部分的结,能系缚众生令其向上。此经所阐述的纯属轮回流转。第四经中,关于心的怨敌与系缚,在《五集》部分已有详细说明。所说“以高度与围量”,即指以长短与围度来衡量。
13-14. Tatiye orambhāgiyānīti heṭṭhābhāgiyāni. Uddhambhāgiyānīti uparibhāgiyāni. Imasmiṃ sutte vaṭṭameva kathitaṃ. Catutthe khilavinibandhā pañcakanipāte vitthāritāyeva. Ārohapariṇāhenāti dīghaputhulantena.
五、不放逸经注疏
5. Appamādasuttavaṇṇanā
15第五经中“如是”之义,应如此看待:正如正自觉者是一切众生中的最上者,同样地,能令一切善法生起的不放逸,亦是一切善法中的最上者。然而,这不放逸本身只是世间法,而善法却包含出世间法;且不放逸仅属欲界,善法则通于四地。为何说它是一切善法中的最上者?因为它能令善法获得。由于是凭借不放逸而证得那些善法,故说它是它们的最上者。因此说:一切善法皆以不放逸为根本。
15. Pañcame evameva khoti yathā sabbasattānaṃ sammāsambuddho aggo, evaṃ sabbesaṃ kusaladhammānaṃ kārāpakaappamādo aggoti daṭṭhabbo. Nanu cesa lokiyova, kusaladhammā pana lokuttarāpi. Ayañca kāmāvacarova, kusaladhammā pana catubhūmakā. Kathamesa tesaṃ aggoti? Paṭilābhakattena. Appamādena hi te paṭilabhanti, tasmā so tesaṃ aggo. Teneva vuttaṃ – sabbe te appamādamūlakāti.
“陆地的”指行走于地面的。“有情的”指有脚的有情众生。“足迹之类”即指足迹。“聚入”指收纳、融入其中。“被称为最上”指被称为最殊胜的。“此即以其巨大之故”是说,因体性巨大的缘故而被称为最上,并非就功德而言最上——这是它在此处的意义。“雨花”指善意花。据说,巴提耶王听闻此经后,想加以验证,便在一间屋内以四种香料庄严布置,然后令人取来芳香的花朵。他在一个匣子的中央放入一把善意花,再将其他花朵围绕它一把一把地放好,随后关好门出去。过了一会儿,他从外面回来,开门进入时,最先扑鼻而来的便是善意花的香气。他当即伏身大地,面向大塔庙卧下礼拜,心中想:“‘善意花是诸花中最上者’,正自觉者说得真好啊!”就这样礼敬了塔庙。“小王”指那些小国王。也有读作“塔庙王”的。
Jaṅgalānanti pathavitalacārīnaṃ. Pāṇānanti sapādakapāṇānaṃ. Padajātānīti padāni. Samodhānaṃ gacchantīti odhānaṃ pakkhepaṃ gacchanti. Aggamakkhāyatīti seṭṭhamakkhāyati. Yadidaṃmahantattenāti mahantabhāvena aggamakkhāyati, na guṇaggenāti attho. Vassikanti sumanapupphaṃ. Idaṃ kira suttaṃ sutvā bhātiyamahārājā vīmaṃsitukāmatāya ekasmiṃ gabbhe catujātigandhehi paribhaṇḍaṃ katvā sugandhapupphāni āharāpetvā ekassa samuggassa majjhe sumanapupphamuṭṭhiṃ ṭhapetvā sesāni tassa samantato muṭṭhiṃ katvā ṭhapetvā dvāraṃ pidhāya bahi nikkhanto. Athassa muhuttaṃ bahi vītināmetvā dvāraṃ vivaritvā pavisantassa sabbapaṭhamaṃ sumanapupphagandho ghānaṃ pahari. So mahātalasmiṃyeva mahācetiyābhimukho nipajjitvā ‘‘vassikaṃ tesaṃ agganti kathentena sukathitaṃ sammāsambuddhenā’’ti cetiyaṃ vandi. Khuddarājānoti khuddakarājāno. Kūṭarājānotipi pāṭho.
第六《应供奉者经》注疏
6. Āhuneyyasuttavaṇṇanā
16第六词“种姓地”:指具足种姓智的人,此智以到达顶点的观为体,以涅槃为所缘。
16. Chaṭṭhe gotrabhūti sikhāpattavipassanābhūtena nibbānārammaṇena gotrabhuñāṇena samannāgato.
第七《第一庇护者经》注疏
7. Paṭhamanāthasuttavaṇṇanā
17第七词“有庇护者”:指拥有众多亲友,成为眷属众多的群体而安住。“作庇护者”:即作庇护,意思是使自己成为有庇护者的状态,令自己有依止。“善知识”等词义:具足戒等功德、有善友的人,称为“善知识”。由于在行、住、坐、卧等处都与之同行相伴,所以是“善伴”。他全心全意地以身与心向着善知识们亲近谦恭,因此称为“善谦恭”。“易受教者”:指极易对他说话,容易教导、劝诫他。“堪忍”:当被人以粗暴、严厉、刺耳的言词训斥时,他能忍受,不生嗔怒。“右绕受持教诫”:正如有些人在被教导时,不是从左而取、颠倒理解,便是出言顶撞,或是装作没听见而走开;他却不那样做,而是请求说:“尊者们,请教诫,请教导;若你们都不教诫,还有谁会来教诫呢?”——以这样的方式右绕接受教诫。
17. Sattame sanāthāti sañātakā bahuñātivaggā hutvā viharatha. Nāthaṃ karontīti nāthakaraṇā, attano sanāthabhāvakarā patiṭṭhākarāti attho. Kalyāṇamittotiādīsu sīlādiguṇasampannā kalyāṇā mittā assāti kalyāṇamitto. Tevassa ṭhānanisajjādīsu saha ayanato sahāyāti kalyāṇasahāyo. Cittena ceva kāyena ca kalyāṇamittesuyeva sampavaṅko oṇatoti kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Suvacohotīti sukhena vattabbo hoti, sukhena anusāsitabbo. Khamoti gāḷhena pharusena kakkhaḷena vutto khamati na kuppati. Padakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaninti yathā ekacco ovadiyamāno vāmato gaṇhāti, paṭippharati vā, assuṇanto vā gacchati, evaṃ akatvā ‘‘ovadatha , bhante, anusāsatha, tumhesu anovadantesu ko añño ovadissatī’’ti padakkhiṇaṃ gaṇhāti.
“高低的”:即或高或低的事务。“应做什么”:指说了“我做什么好”之后应当去做的事务。其中,高等的事务,如制作袈裟、染色;在塔庙涂抹白灰;在布萨堂、塔庙屋、菩提树屋中应做的工作等。低等的事务,如洗脚、涂油等琐碎工作。“适时地”:指随顺、适宜于那里的情况。
Uccāvacānīti uccanīcāni. Kiṃkaraṇīyānīti ‘‘kiṃ karomī’’ti evaṃ vatvā kattabbakammāni. Tattha uccakammaṃ nāma cīvarassa karaṇaṃ rajanaṃ, cetiye sudhākammaṃ, uposathāgāracetiyagharabodhigharesu kattabbakammanti evamādi. Avacakammaṃ nāma pādadhovanamakkhanādikhuddakakammaṃ. Tatrūpāyāyāti tatrupagamaniyāya. Alaṃ kātunti kātuṃ samattho hoti. Alaṃ saṃvidhātunti vicāretuṃ samattho hoti.
对法有喜好、有热爱,称为“法喜者”,意思是喜爱三藏佛语的人。“说爱语者”:指在他人说话时恭敬倾听,而且自己乐于为他人说法。关于“在阿毗达摩与阿毗毗奈耶中”,此处应知有四句分别:法,指经藏;阿毗达摩,指七部论;律,指两部《分别》;阿毗毗奈耶,指《犍度》和《附随》。或者,经藏与阿毗达摩藏都可称为“法”,道与果可称为“阿毗达摩”;全部律藏是“律”,使烦恼止息的是“阿毗毗奈耶”。总的意思是说,他对这一切法、阿毗达摩、律、阿毗毗奈耶都生起广大喜悦。“在善法上”:此处的处格表示原因,意即为了证得欲界、色界、无色界、出世间这四种地的善法,他成为不弃担者,也就是不放下重担的人。
Dhamme assa kāmo sinehoti dhammakāmo, tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ piyāyatīti attho. Piyasamudāhāroti parasmiṃ kathente sakkaccaṃ suṇāti, sayañca paresaṃ desetukāmo hotīti attho . Abhidhamme abhivinayeti ettha dhammo abhidhammo, vinayo abhivinayoti catukkaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tattha dhammoti suttantapiṭakaṃ. Abhidhammoti satta pakaraṇāni. Vinayoti ubhatovibhaṅgo. Abhivinayoti khandhakaparivārā. Atha vā suttantapiṭakampi abhidhammapiṭakampi dhammo eva, maggaphalāni abhidhammo. Sakalavinayapiṭakaṃ vinayo, kilesavūpasamakaraṇaṃ abhivinayo. Iti sabbasmimpi ettha dhamme ca abhidhamme ca vinaye ca abhivinaye ca uḷārapāmojjo hotīti attho. Kusalesu dhammesūti kāraṇatthe bhummaṃ, cātubhūmakakusaladhammakāraṇā tesaṃ adhigamatthāya anikkhittadhuro hotīti attho.
第八《第二庇护者经》注疏
8. Dutiyanāthasuttavaṇṇanā
18第八项中的“被长老们怜悯”:指因长老们以教诫与教导为动机,所引发的利益慈悯而受到怜悯。
18. Aṭṭhame therānukampitassāti therehi ovādānusāsanidānasamussāhitāya hitapharaṇāya anukampitassa.
第九《第一圣住经》注疏
9. Paṭhamaariyāvāsasuttavaṇṇanā
19第九,「圣住」:即圣者们的住处。他们曾住于此、正住于此、也将住于此,故称圣住。哪些是圣住?指圣者们所住的法。
19. Navame ariyavāsāti ariyānaṃ āvāso, te āvasiṃsu āvasanti āvasissantīti ariyāvāsā. Yadariyāti ye vāse ariyā.
第十《第二圣住经》注疏
10. Dutiyaariyāvāsasuttavaṇṇanā
20第十经:因为俱卢国的比丘们具备甚深智慧且精勤努力,所以如同在《长部》等经中为他们宣说《大因缘》等一样,这部同样甚深、微细、触及三相的经典也在那里宣说。其中,「五支已舍」:因远离五种支分,阿拉汉已住、正住、将住于此,故称「五支已舍」为圣住。此理适用于一切处。同样,「比丘们,如此比丘成为六支具足者」,即具足六支舍。什么是六支舍的法?即智等。说「智」时,依作用可得四种智相应心;说「常住处」时,可得八种大心;说「不存染着」时,可得十种心。喜悦由反复修习而得。「以具念守护之心」:因阿拉汉于身、语、意三门一切时中,念皆能完成守护的作用。故说,无论行走、站立、躺卧或醒寤时,如实知见恒常现前。
20. Dasamaṃ yasmā kururaṭṭhavāsino bhikkhū gambhīrapaññākārakā yuttappayuttā, tasmā yathā tesaṃ dīghanikāyādīsu mahānidānādīni kathitāni, evamidampi gambhīraṃ sukhumaṃ tilakkhaṇāhataṃ suttaṃ tattheva avoca. Tattha pañcaṅgavippahīnoti pañcahi aṅgehi vippayutto hutvā khīṇāsavo avasi vasati vasissati. Tasmā ayaṃ pañcaṅgavippahīnatā ariyāvāsoti vutto. Esa nayo sabbattha. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chaḷaṅgasamannāgato hotīti chaḷaṅgupekkhāya samannāgato hoti. Chaḷaṅgupekkhā dhammā nāma keti? Ñāṇādayo. ‘‘Ñāṇa’’nti vutte kiriyato cattāri ñāṇasampayuttacittāni labbhanti, ‘‘satatavihāro’’ti vutte aṭṭha mahācittāni, ‘‘rajjanadussanaṃ natthī’’ti vutte dasa cittāni labbhanti. Somanassaṃ āsevanavasena labbhati. Satārakkhena cetasāti khīṇāsavassa hi tīsu dvāresu sabbakāle sati ārakkhakiccaṃ sādheti. Tenevassa carato ca tiṭṭhato ca suttassa ca jāgarassa ca satataṃ samitaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hotīti vuccati.
「众多沙门婆罗门」:指众多的沙门与婆罗门。其中,「沙门」指进入出家生活的人,「婆罗门」指自称尊贵的人。「众多各别之谛」:指许多各别执取的真理,如认为“唯有此见是真理,唯此是真”,如此各别执取的众多真理,即是此意。「已逐出」:已除去。「已善逐出」:彻底除去。「已舍断」:已舍离。「已吐出」:已呕出。「已解脱」:已切断束缚。「已断除」:已遍断。「已遍舍」:已如此遍舍,不浮现于心。所有这些词,都是对已舍弃执取之物的同义表述。
Puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānanti bahūnaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ. Ettha samaṇāti pabbajjūpagatā, brāhmaṇāti bhovādino. Puthupaccekasaccānīti bahūni pāṭekkasaccāni. ‘‘Idameva dassanaṃ saccaṃ, idameva sacca’’nti evaṃ pāṭiyekkaṃ gahitāni bahūni saccānīti attho. Nuṇṇānīti nīhaṭāni. Panuṇṇānīti suṭṭhu nīhaṭāni. Cattānīti vissaṭṭhāni. Vantānīti vamitāni. Muttānīti chinnabandhanāni katāni. Pahīnānīti pajahitāni. Paṭinissaṭṭhānīti yathā na puna cittaṃ ārohanti, evaṃ paṭinissajjitāni. Sabbāneva tāni gahitaggahaṇassa vissaṭṭhabhāvavevacanāni.
「善等舍寻求」:此处,“等”指无减损,“舍”指舍离。这些寻求是善等舍的,故称“善等舍寻求”,意为一切寻求皆已妥善舍离。透过“心从贪解脱”等语句,说明了道的作用之成就;透过“我的贪已断”等语句,说明了省察的果。其余各处,其义自明。
Samavayasaṭṭhesanoti ettha avayāti anūnā, saṭṭhāti vissaṭṭhā. Sammā avayā saṭṭhā esanā assāti samavayasaṭṭhesano, suṭṭhuvissaṭṭhasabbaesanoti attho. Rāgā cittaṃ vimuttantiādīhi maggassa kiccanipphatti kathitā. Rāgo me pahīnotiādīhi paccavekkhaṇaphalaṃ kathitaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.