5. 文荼王品
5. Muṇḍarājavaggo
1-2. Ādiyasutta等的注释
1-2. Ādiyasuttādivaṇṇanā
41-4241-42. 第五经的第一首偈颂中,「以奋起精进所得」(uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi)是指通过奋起与精进而获得的东西。其中,「奋起」(uṭṭhānanti)指身精进;「精进」(vīriyanti)指心所上的精进,有人这样理解。或者说,「奋起」是指在生起财富时恰当地致力于其事的状态,而「精进」则是因此被激发出的干劲。「受用满足」(pīṇitanti)是指已被滋养、充分饱足的。又因为处于那种状态时身体会变得粗壮,所以说“令粗大(thūlaṃ karoti)”。第二首偈颂的意义是明显的。
41-42. Pañcamassa paṭhame uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehīti vā uṭṭhānena ca vīriyena ca adhigatehi. Tattha uṭṭhānanti kāyikaṃ vīriyaṃ. Vīriyanti cetasikanti vadanti. Uṭṭhānanti vā bhoguppādane yuttappayuttatā. Vīriyaṃ tajjo ussāho. Pīṇitanti dhātaṃ sutittaṃ. Tathābhūto pana yasmā thūlasarīro hoti, tasmā ‘‘thūlaṃ karotī’’ti vuttaṃ. Dutiyaṃ uttānameva.
3. 可爱经注释
3. Iṭṭhasuttavaṇṇanā
4343. 第三首偈颂中,「称赞不放逸」(appamādaṃ pasaṃsantī)是指,智者们这样称扬不放逸本身:“希望得到寿命等这些利益的人,应当修习不放逸。”又或者这样理解:因为在种种福德业中,智者们称赞不放逸,所以它的意思是,希望得到寿命等利益的人,就应当修习不放逸。在第一种义理的解释里,“在福德业中”一词是与“不放逸者”相连的:因为智者们称赞不放逸,又因为在福德业中不放逸的人已经获得了两种利益,所以希望得到寿命等利益的人,就应当修习不放逸。在第二种义理的解释里,智者们称赞不放逸,在哪里称赞呢?在福德业中。为什么称赞呢?正因为不放逸的智者已经获得了两种利益,这就是其含义。「以获得利益」(atthappaṭilābhena),是指以现世利益等利益的获得。
43. Tatiye appamādaṃ pasaṃsantīti ‘‘etāni āyuādīni patthayantena appamādo kātabbo’’ti appamādameva pasaṃsanti paṇḍitā. Yasmā vā puññakiriyāsu paṇḍitā appamādaṃ pasaṃsanti, tasmā āyuādīni patthayantena appamādova kātabboti attho. Purimasmiṃ atthavikappe ‘‘puññakiriyāsū’’ti padassa ‘‘appamatto’’ti iminā sambandho. Yasmā paṇḍitā appamādaṃ pasaṃsanti, yasmā ca puññakiriyāsu appamatto ubho atthe adhigato hoti, tasmā āyuādīni patthayantena appamādova kātabbo. Dutiyasmiṃ atthavikappe paṇḍitā appamādaṃ pasaṃsanti. Katthāti? Puññakiriyāsu. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā appamatto ubho atthe adhiggaṇhāti paṇḍito, tasmāti attho. Atthappaṭilābhenāti diṭṭhadhammikādihitappaṭilābhena.
4. 施与悦意经注释
4. Manāpadāyīsuttavaṇṇanā
4444. 第四首偈颂中,关于「以禅那意所生的、意所成的」(jhānamanena nibbattaṃ manomayaṃ),这样说道:「在净居天中,一个由禅那意所生的天身。」其实即使一切众生的有都是由造作之意(abhisaṅkhāramanas)所生,但色界众生因为完全不由外在条件、单由意所生,因此被称为「意所成的」(manomayā)。如果这样,那么欲有的化生众生理应也是意所成身吗?不会。因为在欲有中,对于由外在条件所生这件事,根本不存在“单由意所生”这样的决定说。又或者,在世间的语言习惯里,「意所成」这个称法本来就是固定用在色界众生的。正如那些持“我”论的论师所计执的五种我:「食所成、息所成、意所成、欢乐所成、识所成」,而持断灭论者也说:「光辉、有色、意所成的天」。「在三种善盛的种姓中」,是指婆罗门、刹帝利、吠舍这些昌盛的家族里。「在六欲天中」
44. Catutthe jhānamanena nibbattaṃ manomayanti āha ‘‘suddhāvāsesu ekaṃ jhānamanena nibbattaṃ devakāya’’nti. Satipi hi sabbasattānaṃ abhisaṅkhāramanasā nibbattabhāve bāhirapaccayehi vinā manasāva nibbattattā ‘‘manomayā’’ti vuccanti rūpāvacarasattā. Yadi evaṃ kāmabhave opapātikasattānampi manomayabhāvo āpajjatīti ce? Na, tattha bāhirapaccayehi nibbattetabbatāsaṅkāya eva abhāvato ‘‘manasāva nibbattā’’ti avadhāraṇāsambhavato. Niruḷho vāyaṃ loke manomayavohāro rūpāvacarasattesu. Tathā hi ‘‘annamayo, pāṇamayo, manomayo, ānandamayo, viññāṇamayo’’ti pañcadhā attānaṃ vedavādinopi vadanti. Ucchedavādinopi vadanti ‘‘dibbo rūpī manomayo’’ti (dī. ni. 1.87). Tīsu vā kulasampattīsūti brāhmaṇakhattiyavessasaṅkhātesu sampannakulesu. Chasu vā kāmasaggesūti chasu kāmāvacaradevesu.
5-6. 福流经等注释
5-6. Puññābhisandasuttādivaṇṇanā
45-46第五经:“不可计数”:以阿罗迦的计数方式,无法计量。但若以由旬而论,则有其计数可循:下至大地,上至虚空,四周全由轮围山所包围,中间各处安立的洲、山作为边界,划定了范围,因此能知者可以由旬加以推算。“多可怕”:因有大身的鱼、鳄鱼、夜叉、罗刹、大龙、达那瓦等有识众生,又有强力旋风面、地狱等无识之处,以及种种可怕的所缘,故称多可怕。“广”:即众多。“流”:即流动。“趣”:即前往。第六经意义明了。
45-46. Pañcame asaṅkheyyoti āḷhakagaṇanāya asaṅkheyyo. Yojanavasena panassa saṅkhā atthi heṭṭhā mahāpathaviyā upari ākāsena parisamantato cakkavāḷapabbatena majjhe tattha tattha ṭhitakehi dīpapabbatapariyantehi paricchinnattā jānantena yojanato saṅkhātuṃ sakkāti katvā. Mahāsarīramacchakumbhīlayakkharakkhasamahānāgadānavādīnaṃ saviññāṇakānaṃ balavāmukhapātālādīnaṃ aviññāṇakānaṃ bheravārammaṇānaṃ vasena bahubheravaṃ. Puthūti bahū. Savantīti sandamānā. Upayantīti upagacchanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ uttānameva.
7-8. 财富经等注释
7-8. Dhanasuttādivaṇṇanā
47-48第七经:“信”:指由道而生的信。“戒”:凡是他所具足的善戒,即名善戒,也就是圣弟子的圣所喜爱戒。于此,虽说圣弟子没有哪一条戒是他所不喜爱的,但就此处义理而言,是指在其他生存中也未曾舍弃的五戒。第八经意义明了。
47-48. Sattame saddhāti maggenāgatā saddhā. Sīlañca yassa kalyāṇanti kalyāṇasīlaṃ nāma ariyasāvakassa ariyakantaṃ sīlaṃ vuccati. Tattha kiñcāpi ariyasāvakassa ekasīlampi akantaṃ nāma natthi, imasmiṃ panatthe bhavantarepi appahīnaṃ pañcasīlaṃ adhippetaṃ. Aṭṭhamaṃ uttānameva.
9. 憍萨罗经注释
9. Kosalasuttavaṇṇanā
49第九经:“垂肩”:由于无力正视眼前任何事物,因而垂头向下。“无辩才”:由于无力对同修法友宣说任何法义,因而无有辩才,即缺乏辩才。
49. Navame patitakkhandhoti sammukhā kiñci oloketuṃ asamatthatāya adhomukho. Nippaṭibhānoti sahadhammikaṃ kiñci vattuṃ avisahanato nippaṭibhāno paṭibhānarahito.
10. 那罗陀经注释
10. Nāradasuttavaṇṇanā
5050. 第十经中,“陶醉”:指被极度的渴爱所迷醉,陷入陶醉、愚痴和放逸。因此说:“吞没……具有过度的渴爱。”“大的”:意为巨大。这是通过性相颠倒(词性转换)来说的,因此说:“以伟大的王威。”
50. Dasame ajjhomucchitoti adhimattāya taṇhāmucchāya mucchito, mucchaṃ mohaṃ pamādaṃ āpanno. Tenāha ‘‘gilitvā…pe… atirekamucchāya taṇhāya samannāgato’’ti. Mahaccāti mahatiyā. Liṅgavipallāsena cetaṃ vuttaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘mahatā rājānubhāvenā’’ti.
2. 第二品
2. Dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ