(六)1. 福德之流品显示巴利原文
(6) 1. Puññābhisandavaggo
1. 第一福德之流经注释显示巴利原文
1. Paṭhamapuññābhisandasuttavaṇṇanā
51 51. 在第二经的第一部分中,「福德之流」指的是福德江河。因为福德无间断地持续生起,具有流淌之义,故称为「福德之流」。「无量」是指以阿罗迦量计为无量,但若以由旬衡量,则有其范围。因为它的下方为大地,上方为虚空,外围是铁围山,中间散布着洲岛和山脉为其所限,因此可以以由旬计量。「以可怖所缘」是说以有识与无识的可怖所缘为对象。具体而言,彼大海中有巨鱼、鳄鱼、夜叉、罗刹、大龙、檀那婆等有识的可怖所缘,以及牝马口、无间地狱等无识的可怖所缘,故称「多可怖」。其余内容在此处皆浅显易懂。显示巴利原文
51. Dutiyassa paṭhame puññābhisandāti vā puññanadiyo. Avicchedena niccaṃ pavattiyamānāni hi puññāni abhisandanaṭṭhena ‘‘puññābhisandā’’ti vuttā. Aparimitanti āḷhakagaṇanāya aparimitaṃ, yojanavasena panassa parimāṇaṃ atthi. Tathā hi heṭṭhā mahāpathaviyā upari ākāsena parato cakkavāḷapabbatena majjhe tattha tattha ṭhitehi dīpapabbatapariyantehi paricchinnattā yojanato sakkā pamāṇaṃ kātuṃ. Bheravārammaṇehīti saviññāṇakāviññāṇakehi bheravārammaṇehi. Tathā hi taṃ mahāsarīramacchakumbhīlayakkharakkhasamahānāgadānavādīnaṃ saviññāṇakānaṃ vaḷavāmukhapātālādīnaṃ aviññāṇakānañca bheravārammaṇānaṃ vasena ‘‘bahubherava’’nti vuccati. Sesamettha uttānameva.
2. 第二福德之流经注释显示巴利原文
2. Dutiyapuññābhisandasuttavaṇṇanā
52 52. 第二经中,「入流者的信」是指依入流道而证得的信。显示巴利原文
52. Dutiye sotāpannassa saddhā adhippetāti sotāpannassa maggenāgatā saddhā adhippetā.
3-4. 第一共住等经注释显示巴利原文
3-4. Paṭhamasaṃvāsasuttādivaṇṇanā
53-54 在第三经中,“随业去往各趣”(yathākammaṃ tā tā gatiyo aranti)意为随各自的业而投生各趣,这些众生即“往趣者”(ariyā)。然而,这一类人是“卑劣的往趣者”(kucchitā ariyā),也就是“悭吝者”(kadariyā)。“执拗悭吝者”(thaddhamaccharino),指被顽固的悭吝所束缚之人。因为这种执拗的悭吝最为鄙陋低劣,它阻断了布施——而布施是一切功德的发端,也是财富成就等一切成就的根本。因此才说:“悭吝者即是执拗悭吝者。”有一种人,在自己住处,即使比丘伸手乞食,他也不肯行礼;可到了别处,一进寺院,便恭恭敬敬地礼拜,然后殷勤地款待说:“尊者!您为何不来我们那里住呢?我们那里可是好地方,我有能力用粥、饭等供养尊者。”比丘便以为:“这位近事男真有信心。”于是接受他的粥、饭等供养。显示巴利原文
53-54. Tatiye yathākammaṃ tā tā gatiyo aranti upagacchantīti ariyā, sattā. Ime pana kucchitā ariyāti kadariyā. Thaddhamaccharino, thaddhena maccharena samannāgatāti attho. Thaddhamacchariyasadisañhi kucchitaṃ sabbadā nihīnaṃ natthi sabbaguṇānaṃ ādibhūtassa bhogasampattiādisabbasampattīnaṃ mūlabhūtassa dānassa nisedhanato. Tenāha ‘‘kadariyāti thaddhamaccharino’’ti. Ekacco hi attano vasanaṭṭhāne bhikkhū hatthaṃ pasāretvāpi na vandati. Aññattha gato vihāraṃ pavisitvā sakkaccaṃ vanditvā madhurappaṭisanthāraṃ karoti ‘‘kiṃ, bhante, amhākaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ nāgacchatha, sampanno padeso, paṭibalāhaṃ ayyānaṃ yāgubhattādīhi upaṭṭhānaṃ kātu’’nti. Bhikkhu ‘‘saddho ayaṃ upāsako’’ti yāgubhattādīhi saṅgaṇhāti.
有一位长老去到那个村庄托钵乞食。那悭吝者看见长老,便改走别的路,或躲进自己屋里。即使迎面相遇,他也只是合掌致敬,说道:“请给尊者食物吧,我有事要走了。”说完便走开。长老巡遍整个村子乞食,最终只能拿着空钵出来。这种情况,便称为“柔和悭吝”。具这种悭吝的人,虽不实际布施,看起来却像个施主。不过,此处真正所指乃是“执拗悭吝”。具这种悭吝的人,当比丘们进村托钵时,一听到有人说“长老们来了”,他便推说“我脚疼”之类的话,整个人如同石柱、树桩般僵住不动,连该做的合宜礼节都不做,更不用说布施了。这里所说的正是这种人。因此,“执拗悭吝者”即指具有执拗的悭吝者。而 macchara、macchera、macchariya 几个词,意义完全相同。显示巴利原文
Atheko thero tassa gāmaṃ gantvā piṇḍāya carati. So taṃ disvā aññena vā gacchati, gharaṃ vā pavisati. Sacepi sammukhībhāvaṃ āgacchati, hatthena vanditvā ‘‘ayyassa bhikkhaṃ detha, ahaṃ ekena kammena gacchāmī’’ti pakkamati. Thero sakalagāmaṃ caritvā tucchapattova nikkhamati. Idaṃ tāva mudumacchariyaṃ nāma. Yena adāyakopi dāyako viya paññāyati. Idha pana thaddhamacchariyaṃ adhippetaṃ. Yena samannāgato bhikkhūsu piṇḍāya paviṭṭhesu ‘‘therā ṭhitā’’ti vutte ‘‘kiṃ mayhaṃ pādā rujjantī’’tiādīni vatvā silāthambho viya khāṇuko viya ca thaddho hutvā tiṭṭhati, sāmīcimpi na karoti, kuto dānaṃ. Ayamidha adhippeto. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘thaddhamaccharinoti thaddhena maccharena samannāgatāti attho’’ti. Maccharaṃ maccheraṃ macchariyanti atthato ekaṃ.
“恶口者”(paribhāsakā):指那些看到比丘站在家门口,便呵斥他们说:“你们是种了地回来的?还是播了种、收割了回来的?我们自己都得不到,哪有东西给你们?快走开!”的人。“了知乞求者话语之义”:此处,虽然比丘们站在门口默然不语,但从义理上说,他们正是在说“请给予食物”,这便是圣者的乞求方式。确实有这样的话:“圣者站立,以意表示,这就是圣者的乞求。”(《弥兰陀问经》4.5.9)在这种情况下,那些心里想:“我们自己要煮饭,他们不煮;我们煮饭时他们来了,假如在这里都得不到食物,还能去哪里得到呢?”于是就将应施之物分舍出去的人,称为“善言者”(vadaññū),因为他们了知了乞求者话语之义,并据此做了应做之事。第四经的意思便浅显明白了。显示巴利原文
Paribhāsakāti bhikkhū gharadvāre ṭhite disvā ‘‘kiṃ tumhe kasitvā āgatā vapitvā lāyitvā, mayaṃ attanopi na labhāma, kuto tumhākaṃ, sīghaṃ nikkhamathā’’tiādīhi santajjakā. Yācakānaṃ vacanassa atthaṃ jānantīti ettha kiñcāpi bhikkhū gharadvāre ṭhitā tuṇhī honti, atthato pana ‘‘bhikkhaṃ dethā’’ti vadanti nāma ariyāya yācanāya. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘uddissa ariyā tiṭṭhanti, esā ariyāna yācanā’’ti (mi. pa. 4.5.9). Tatra ye ‘‘mayaṃ pacāma, ime na pacanti, pacamāne patvā alabhantā kuhiṃ labhissatī’’ti deyyadhammaṃ saṃvibhajanti, te vadaññū yācakānaṃ vacanassa atthaṃ jānanti nāma ñatvā kattabbakaraṇato. Catutthaṃ uttānameva.
5-6. 《同活经》等注疏显示巴利原文
5-6. Samajīvīsuttādivaṇṇanā
55-56 在第五经中,「为了摄益」是指为那拘罗母和那拘罗父,即为了摄受此二位。那拘罗孩儿的父亲,即是「那拘罗父」;「那拘罗母」亦同此构词之理。此经其余之义皆浅显明白。第六经无甚可释。显示巴利原文
55-56. Pañcame anuggaṇhanatthanti nakulamātā nakulapitāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ saṅgahatthāya. Nakulassa dārakassa pitā nakulapitā. Nakulamātāti etthāpi eseva nayo. Sesamettha uttānameva. Chaṭṭhe natthi vattabbaṃ.
7-10. 《苏波瓦萨经》等注疏显示巴利原文
7-10. Suppavāsāsuttādivaṇṇanā
57-60 在第七经中,「成为得到寿分者」指成为寿命分的获得者。「三种世间」即有情世间、行世间、器世间所摄的三种世间。「了知已」即是明了、清楚地了知。「世间解」:这里以属格表示作格之义,故说「为诸佛所称赞」。第八、第九、第十经文义显明。显示巴利原文
57-60. Sattame āyubhāgapaṭilābhinī hotīti āyukoṭṭhāsassa paṭilābhinī hoti. Tividhalokanti sattasaṅkhārabhājanasaṅkhātaṃ tividhaṃ lokaṃ. Viditaṃ katvāti vibhūtaṃ katvā. Lokavidūnanti karaṇatthe sāmivacananti āha ‘‘buddhehi pasatthā’’ti. Aṭṭhamanavamadasamāni uttānatthāneva.