(十一)1. 正觉品
(11) 1. Sambodhavaggo
1-3. 初正觉前经等的注释
1-3. Pubbevasambodhasuttādivaṇṇanā
104-106104-106. 第三品第一经中:“正觉之前”——“正觉”是指四种道中的智,因依此而自己正确地觉悟,故称正觉;在正觉之前,即是“正觉之前”的意思。因此说:“即在证得圣道之后的阶段。”“菩萨有念”——在此,如同从水中长出且已成熟的莲花,一经阳光照触便必定绽放,故被称为“将绽放的莲花”;同样地,因在诸佛前已得授记,必定无障碍地圆满波罗蜜而将觉悟,故称为“将觉悟的有情”,即菩萨。因此说:“对于将觉悟的有情……乃至……开始修行者,是有念的。”或者,所谓菩提是四种道智,企望“我何时才能证得此菩提”而修行者,即是系着于菩提的有情,故也称菩萨。因此说:“或是系着于正觉的有情,即执着于正觉者,是有念的。”
104-106. Tatiyassa paṭhame sambodhito pubbevāti sambodho vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ ‘‘sāmaṃ sammā bujjhi etenā’’ti katvā, tato pubbeyevāti attho. Tenāha ‘‘ariyamaggappattito aparabhāgeyevā’’ti. Bodhisattasseva satoti ettha yathā udakato uggantvā ṭhitaṃ paripākagataṃ padumaṃ sūriyarasmisamphassena avassaṃ bujjhissatīti bujjhanakapadumanti vuccati. Evaṃ buddhānaṃ santike byākaraṇassa laddhattā avassaṃ anantarāyena pāramiyo pūretvā bujjhissatīti bujjhanakasattoti bodhisatto. Tenāha ‘‘bujjhanakasattasseva…pe… ārabhantasseva sato’’ti. Yā vā esā catumaggañāṇasaṅkhātā bodhi, ‘‘taṃ bodhiṃ kudāssu nāmāhaṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti patthayamāno paṭipajjatīti bodhiyaṃ satto āsattotipi bodhisatto. Tenāha ‘‘sambodhiyā vā sattasseva laggasseva sato’’ti.
或者,“菩提”意指智,即“依此而觉悟”,故为智。“依菩提而有情”即为菩萨,这是省略后半部分、以前半部分作解,如同说“智有情”,意为有智、有慧、贤明的有情。因为该有情自从在诸佛足下发起大愿以来,便已是贤者,而非愚痴者,故称菩萨。依此具功德者所得之名,而说“菩萨即有念”。“被乐着”即是乐味,为乐。而此乐具有可爱之相,故说:“乐味,是指甘美之相”。因为在此(涅槃)中,欲贪被调伏且被断除,故涅槃被称为“欲贪的调伏、欲贪的断除”。因此说:“即涅槃……”等等。其中,“依止”是就那位调伏并断除贪欲者,以涅槃为所缘而说。第二经与第三经的义理,都很清楚明了。
Atha vā bodhīti ñāṇaṃ ‘‘bujjhati etenā’’ti katvā, bodhimā satto bodhisatto, purimapade uttarapadalopaṃ katvā yathā ‘‘ñāṇasatto’’ti, ñāṇavā paññavā paṇḍito sattoti attho. Buddhānañhi pādamūle abhinīhārato paṭṭhāya paṇḍitova so satto, na andhabāloti bodhisatto. Evaṃ guṇavato uppannanāmavasena bodhisattasseva sato. Assādīyatīti assādo, sukhaṃ. Tañca sātākāralakkhaṇanti āha ‘‘assādoti madhurākāro’’ti. Chandarāgo vinīyati ceva pahīyati ca etthāti nibbānaṃ ‘‘chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānañcā’’ti vuccati. Tenāha ‘‘nibbāna’’ntiādi. Tattha āgammāti idaṃ yo jano rāgaṃ vineti pajahati ca, tassa ārammaṇakaraṇaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Dutiyatatiyāni uttānatthāneva.
4-9. 沙门婆罗门经等的注释
4-9. Samaṇabrāhmaṇasuttādivaṇṇanā
107-112第四经中:“沙门性”指圣道。由于此道应被实行、应被证入,故为“沙门性义”,亦即圣果。因此说:“沙门性义,即指四种圣果”。“梵行性义”于此也同此理。故说:“另一者即为彼之同义词”。或谓,名为圣道的沙门性本身,因应被实行,故为“沙门性义”。故说:“又,就沙门性义而言,即指四种道”。第五经以下,其义理皆甚明了。
107-112. Catutthe sāmaññanti ariyamaggo, tena araṇīyato upagantabbato sāmaññatthaṃ, ariyaphalanti āha ‘‘sāmaññatthanti catubbidhaṃ ariyaphala’’nti. Brahmaññatthanti etthāpi eseva nayo. Tenāha ‘‘itaraṃ tasseva vevacana’’nti. Ariyamaggasaṅkhātaṃ sāmaññameva vā araṇīyato sāmaññatthanti āha ‘‘sāmaññatthena vā cattāro maggā’’ti. Pañcamādīni uttānatthāneva.
10. 第二起因经的注释
10. Dutiyanidānasuttavaṇṇanā
113第十经中:“令趋向还灭之业”即指能资助还灭的业。句中的“彼”字,是回指果报,故云“令彼逆转”,意即克服彼果报而使之逆转。今当说明,“彼”字不唯指果报,亦应理解为指那些作为欲贪所依处的诸法及其果报,故云:“或于其时,由彼……”等。“诸法”即指作为欲贪所依处的那些法。“洞察而见”:即洞察烦恼而令(诸行法)清晰、显著地得见。
113. Dasame vivaṭṭagāmikammānanti vivaṭṭūpanissayakammānaṃ. Tadabhinivattetīti ettha taṃ-saddena paccāmasanassa vipākassa parāmāsoti āha ‘‘taṃ abhinivattetī’’ti, taṃ vipākaṃ abhibhavitvā nivattetīti attho. Idāni na kevalaṃ vipākasseva parāmāso taṃ-saddena, atha kho chandarāgaṭṭhāniyānaṃ dhammānaṃ tabbipākassa ca parāmāso daṭṭhabboti āha ‘‘yadā vā tenā’’tiādi. Te ceva dhammeti te chandarāgaṭṭhāniye dhamme. Nibbijjhitvā passatīti kilese nibbijjhitvā vibhūtaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā passatīti.