(11) 1. 正觉品
(11) 1. Sambodhavaggo
1. 1. 《正觉前经》注释
1. Pubbevasambodhasuttavaṇṇanā
104104. 在第三经的第一部中:“在正觉前”——指于成正觉之前,也就是证得圣道之后的那段时期,这样说。“未正觉者”:指未通达四谛的人。“菩萨即有”:指作为正在觉悟的有情,或为了证得正等正觉而开始努力的有情,又或作为执着于正觉的有情而有。因为自从在燃灯佛世尊足下,由八种法集合而成就大愿开始,如来便一直对有情的正觉执着:“这应当由我证得”,为了证得它,从未放弃努力而来,所以称为菩萨。“什么是”:到底是什么。“世间”:指行世间。“味”:即甜美之相。“过患”:即不应欣喜之相。“彼我”:即对于如此作为菩萨有情的我。“欲贪调伏、欲贪的舍断”:由于依止涅槃、关于涅槃、缘于涅槃,欲贪被调伏、被断除,所以涅槃被称为“欲贪调伏、欲贪的舍断”。“这是世间出离”:指此涅槃因为从世间出离,故称为“世间出离”。“到何时”:指所限定的时间。“我以无比智了知”:指我以殊胜的圣道智了知。“智及见在我”:这两句说的是省察智。其余部分,此处易解。
104. Tatiyassa paṭhame pubbeva sambodhāti sambodhito pubbeva, ariyamaggappattito aparabhāgeyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. Anabhisambuddhassāti appaṭividdhacatusaccassa. Bodhisattasseva satoti bujjhanakasattasseva sato, sammāsambodhiṃ adhigantuṃ ārabhantasseva sato, sambodhiyā vā sattasseva laggasseva sato. Dīpaṅkarassa hi bhagavato pādamūle aṭṭhadhammasamodhānena abhinīhārasamiddhito pabhuti tathāgato sammāsambodhiṃ satto laggo ‘‘pattabbā mayā esā’’ti tadadhigamāya parakkamaṃ amuñcantoyeva āgato, tasmā bodhisattoti vuccati. Ko nu khoti katamo nu kho. Lokoti saṅkhāraloko. Assādoti madhurākāro. Ādīnavoti anabhinanditabbākāro. Tassa mayhanti tassa evaṃ bodhisattasseva sato mayhaṃ. Chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānanti nibbānaṃ āgamma ārabbha paṭicca chandarāgo vinayaṃ gacchati pahīyati, tasmā nibbānaṃ ‘‘chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahāna’’nti vuccati. Idaṃ lokanissaraṇanti idaṃ nibbānaṃ lokato nissaṭattā lokanissaraṇanti vuccati. Yāvakīvanti yattakaṃ pamāṇaṃ kālaṃ. Abbhaññāsinti abhivisiṭṭhena ariyamaggañāṇena aññāsiṃ. Ñāṇañca pana me dassananti dvīhipi padehi paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ vuttaṃ. Sesamettha uttānamevāti.
3. 2. 《第一味经》注释
2. Paṭhamaassādasuttavaṇṇanā
105第二经中,“遍求味”:为遍求味而行动。从何时开始?从善慧时代开始。“以慧”:指与观相应的道智。“善见”:即善巧通达。依此方法,一切处皆应如是解义。第三经各处其义自明。
105. Dutiye assādapariyesanaṃ acarinti assādapariyesanatthāya acariṃ. Kuto paṭṭhāyāti? Sumedhakālato paṭṭhāya. Paññāyāti sahavipassanāya maggapaññāya. Sudiṭṭhoti suppaṭividdho. Iminā upāyena sabbattha attho veditabbo. Tatiyaṃ sabbattha uttānameva.
5. 4. 《沙门婆罗门经》注释
4. Samaṇabrāhmaṇasuttavaṇṇanā
107第四经中,“沙门性义”指四种圣果。其余是它的同义词。或者,以沙门性的意义指四道,以婆罗门性的意义指四果。然而,这四部经中所说,皆为蕴世间。
107. Catutthe sāmaññatthanti catubbidhaṃ ariyaphalaṃ. Itaraṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ. Sāmaññatthena vā cattāro maggā, brahmaññatthena cattāri phalāni. Imesu pana catūsupi suttesu khandhalokova kathito.
7. 5. 《哭泣经》注释
5. Ruṇṇasuttavaṇṇanā
108第五经由因缘所起。是何因缘?因六群比丘之不正行。据说他们唱歌、跳舞、嬉笑而游走。比丘们向十力世尊禀告。世尊召请他们,为教导他们而开示此经。其中,“哭泣”指哭泣行为。“疯人行为”指疯人所为。“童子”指童子之事。“露齿拍笑”指露齿、拍手而大笑。“歌唱是破坏”:意为唱歌会成为你们戒行的破坏,故应舍离有因缘的唱歌。跳舞亦然。“足够”即合宜。“对法欢喜者”:此中“法”指因缘,即随因缘而欢喜之人。“微笑仅为微笑”:当你们有微笑的因缘时,笑应仅为露齿相、展现喜悦之面容,如此方为合宜。此即如是宣说。
108. Pañcamaṃ atthuppattiyā nikkhittaṃ. Katarāya atthuppattiyā? Chabbaggiyānaṃ anācāre. Te kira gāyantā naccantā hasantā vicariṃsu. Bhikkhū dasabalassa ārocayiṃsu. Satthā te pakkosāpetvā tesaṃ ovādatthāya idaṃ suttaṃ ārabhi. Tattha ruṇṇanti roditaṃ. Ummattakanti ummattakakiriyā. Komārakanti kumārakehi kattabbakiccaṃ. Dantavidaṃsakahasitanti dante dassetvā pāṇiṃ paharantānaṃ mahāsaddena hasitaṃ. Setughāto gīteti gīte vo paccayaghāto hotu, sahetukaṃ gītaṃ pajahathāti dīpeti. Naccepi eseva nayo. Alanti yuttaṃ. Dhammappamoditānaṃ satanti ettha dhammo vuccati kāraṇaṃ, kenacideva kāraṇena pamuditānaṃ santānaṃ. Sitaṃ sitamattāyāti tasmiṃ sitakāraṇe sati yaṃ sitaṃ karotha, taṃ vo sitamattāya aggadante dassetvā pahaṭṭhākāramattadassanāyayeva yuttanti vuttaṃ hoti.
《无饱足经》的注释
6. Atittisuttavaṇṇanā
109109. 第六经:“soppassa”指睡眠。对受用不会感到满足:不论如何反复受用,始终只会喜爱,故说无有满足。其余两句也是如此。假使大海之水悉皆成酒,且有一嗜酒之鱼投生其中,那么无论它在其中游动或躺卧,都不会有满足。此经唯是就轮回而说。
109. Chaṭṭhe soppassāti niddāya. Paṭisevanāya natthi tittīti yathā yathā paṭisevati, tathā tathā ruccatiyevāti titti nāma natthi. Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo. Sace hi mahāsamudde udakaṃ surā bhaveyya, surāsoṇḍo ca maccho hutvā nibbatteyya, tassa tattha carantassapi sayantassapi titti nāma na bhaveyya. Imasmiṃ sutte vaṭṭameva kathitaṃ.
《无保护经》的注释
7. Arakkhitasuttavaṇṇanā
110110. 第七经:“成为漏泄”指为欲所染、变得湿漉漉的。“死则不佳”,因是趣向恶趣结生之缘,故为不可得。寿尽是其同义词。在白分方面,因是趣向天界结生之缘,故为好、为可得。但这绝对只适用于入流者等三种圣弟子。此中其余文义自明。
110. Sattame avassutaṃ hotīti tintaṃ hoti. Na bhaddakaṃ maraṇaṃ hotīti apāye paṭisandhipaccayatāya na laddhakaṃ hoti. Kālakiriyāti tasseva vevacanaṃ. Sukkapakkhe sagge paṭisandhipaccayatāya bhaddakaṃ hoti laddhakaṃ. Taṃ pana ekantena sotāpannādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ ariyasāvakānaṃyeva vaṭṭati. Sesamettha uttānamevāti.
《败坏经》的注释
8. Byāpannasuttavaṇṇanā
111111. 第八经:“败坏”指偏离本来状态而安住。其余内容与前经所说方式一致。
111. Aṭṭhame byāpannanti pakatibhāvaṃ jahitvā ṭhitaṃ. Sesaṃ purimasutte vuttanayameva.
第一因经的注释
9. Paṭhamanidānasuttavaṇṇanā
112第九经:“因”指原因。“为了业的集”是为了积集趣向轮回的业。“由贪所作”是指由贪所作的业。“有罪的”是指有过失的。“那个业导致业的集”:那个业也是为了积集其他趣向轮回的业而生起。“那个业不导致业的灭”:然而那个业不会为了趣向轮回的业的灭而转起。在白分方面,“为了业的集”是为了趣向出离轮回的业的集。依此方式,应当从义理上了解一切。
112. Navame nidānānīti kāraṇāni. Kammānaṃ samudayāyāti vaṭṭagāmikammānaṃ piṇḍakaraṇatthāya. Lobhapakatanti lobhena pakataṃ. Sāvajjanti sadosaṃ. Taṃ kammaṃ kammasamudayāya saṃvattatīti taṃ kammaṃ aññesampi vaṭṭagāmikammānaṃ samudayāya piṇḍakaraṇatthāya saṃvattati. Na taṃ kammaṃ kammanirodhāyāti taṃ pana kammaṃ vaṭṭagāmikammānaṃ nirodhatthāya na saṃvattati. Sukkapakkhe kammānaṃ samudayāyāti vivaṭṭagāmikammānaṃ samudayatthāya. Iminā nayena sabbaṃ atthato veditabbaṃ.
第二因经的注释
10. Dutiyanidānasuttavaṇṇanā
113第十经:“诸业”是指趣向轮回的业。“欲贪的所依处”是指作为欲贪之因的事物。“关于”是指依靠、关于、缘于。“欲”是指渴爱之欲。“心的染着”:凡是心的贪、染着、已经染着的状态,我说这是“结”,是“束缚”,这就是它的含义。在白分方面,“诸业”是指趣向出离轮回的业。“使其转向彼”是指使它转向彼。或者,当由它(业)而了知、通达了果报时,那时他便使那些法及那个果报转向。这句话,说的是“观”;“使其转向彼以后”这句话,说的是“道”。“以心洞察以后”指的也是“道”。“以慧洞察而观见”是指与“观”一起,以道慧洞察之后而观见。就这样,所有地方都应当这样理解义理。不过,这部经里讲述了轮回与出离。
113. Dasame kammānanti vaṭṭagāmikammānameva. Chandarāgaṭṭhāniyeti chandarāgassa kāraṇabhūte. Ārabbhāti āgamma sandhāya paṭicca. Chandoti taṇhāchando. Yo cetaso sārāgoti yo cittassa rāgo rajjanā rajjitattaṃ, etamahaṃ saṃyojanaṃ vadāmi, bandhanaṃ vadāmīti attho. Sukkapakkhe kammānanti vivaṭṭagāmikammānaṃ. Tadabhinivattetīti taṃ abhinivatteti. Yadā vā tena vipāko ñāto hoti vidito, tadā te ceva dhamme tañca vipākaṃ abhinivatteti. Iminā ca padena vipassanā kathitā, tadabhinivattetvāti iminā maggo. Cetasā abhinivijjhitvāti iminā ca maggova. Paññāya ativijjha passatīti saha vipassanāya maggapaññāya nibbijjhitvā passati. Evaṃ sabbattha attho veditabbo. Imasmiṃ pana sutte vaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ kathitanti.