(12)2. 堕恶趣品
(12) 2. Āpāyikavaggo
1. 《堕恶趣经》释义
1. Āpāyikasuttavaṇṇanā
114在第二品第一经中,“堕恶趣者”:将堕入恶趣之人,故称堕恶趣者。“堕地狱者”:将堕入地狱之人,故称堕地狱者。“不舍此”:即不舍弃自称梵行者等三种恶法。“自称梵行者”:指那些形似梵行者之人,或不舍其威仪而宣称‘我亦是梵行者’者。“指责”:即辱骂、非难、谴责。“于诸欲中无过失”:指以烦恼欲受用诸欲之人,认为如此无有过失。“当饮用性”:即应被饮用、应被受用,如口渴之人毫无顾虑地饮水一般,应当受用。此经唯说生死流转。
114. Dutiyassa paṭhame apāyaṃ gacchissantīti āpāyikā. Nirayaṃ gacchissantīti nerayikā. Idamappahāyāti idaṃ brahmacāripaṭiññatādiṃ pāpadhammattayaṃ avijahitvā. Brahmacāripaṭiññoti brahmacāripaṭirūpako, tesaṃ vā ākappaṃ avijahanena ‘‘ahampi brahmacārī’’ti evaṃpaṭiñño. Anuddhaṃsetīti akkosati paribhāsati codeti. Natthi kāmesu dosoti kilesakāmena vatthukāme sevantassa natthi doso. Pātabyatanti pivitabbataṃ paribhuñjitabbataṃ nirāsaṅkena cittena pipāsitassa pānīyapivanasadisaṃ paribhuñjitabbataṃ. Imasmiṃ sutte vaṭṭameva kathitaṃ.
二、《难得经》注释
2. Dullabhasuttavaṇṇanā
115在第二经中,「知恩、感恩者」:指一个人了知“此人曾为我做此事”,对此事清楚明白、加以彰显,而后竭力知恩图报的人。
115. Dutiye kataññū katavedīti ‘‘iminā mayhaṃ kata’’nti tena katakammaṃ ñatvā viditaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā paṭikaraṇakapuggalo.
三、《不可测量经》注释
3. Appameyyasuttavaṇṇanā
116在第三经中,依安乐而可测量的,称为「易测量」;依痛苦而可测量的,称为「难测量」;无法测量的,称为「不可测量」。「高傲」:指如高耸的竹竿,高举虚妄的傲慢而住立之人。「浮躁」:指具有玩弄钵器等轻浮行为。「多嘴」:指言语粗涩。「散漫语」:指言语不加节制、不守护律仪。「不定」:指缺少心一境性,无有定力。「心散乱」:指内心狂乱,犹如受惊之牛或奔逃之鹿。「根门显露」:指诸根敞开,不加守护。此处其余的意义,都很清楚。
116. Tatiye sukhena metabboti suppameyyo. Dukkhena metabboti duppameyyo. Pametuṃ na sakkotīti appameyyo. Unnaḷoti uggatanaḷo, tucchamānaṃ ukkhipitvā ṭhitoti attho. Capaloti pattamaṇḍanādinā cāpallena samannāgato. Mukharoti mukhakharo. Vikiṇṇavācoti asaññatavacano. Asamāhitoti cittekaggatārahito. Vibbhantacittoti bhantacitto bhantagāvibhantamigasappaṭibhāgo. Pākatindriyoti vivaṭindriyo. Sesamettha uttānamevāti.
四、《不动经》注释
4. Āneñjasuttavaṇṇanā
117在第四经中,「他味著彼」:指他味著那种禅那。「他渴望彼」:指他希求那种禅那。「因彼而喜悦」:指由那种禅那而生起喜悦。「住立彼中」:指安住于那种禅那。「胜解于彼」:指心唯倾向、笃注于彼。「以彼为多住者」:指以那种禅那而频繁安住。「投生同伴众」:指投生为同伴,即生于彼天界中。「亦堕地狱」这一段:由于他尚未从地狱等恶道解脱,故从另一方面说,也会趣向彼处。但对他而言,并没有比近行禅那更强的、能令其紧接着即投生恶趣的不善业。他作为世尊的声闻弟子,是入流者、一来者或不还者之一。「于彼有」:指即于彼“有”之中。
117. Catutthe tadassādetīti taṃ jhānaṃ assādeti. Taṃ nikāmetīti tadeva pattheti. Tena ca vittiṃ āpajjatīti tena jhānena tuṭṭhiṃ āpajjati. Tatra ṭhitoti tasmiṃ jhāne ṭhito. Tadadhimuttoti tattheva adhimutto. Tabbahulavihārīti tena bahulaṃ viharanto. Sahabyataṃ upapajjatīti sahabhāvaṃ upapajjati, tasmiṃ devaloke nibbattatīti attho . Nirayampi gacchatītiādi nirayādīhi avippamuttattā aparapariyāyavasena tattha gamanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Na hi tassa upacārajjhānato balavataraṃ akusalaṃ atthi, yena anantaraṃ apāye nibbatteyya. Bhagavato pana sāvakoti sotāpannasakadāgāmianāgāmīnaṃ aññataro. Tasmiṃyeva bhaveti tattheva arūpabhave. Parinibbāyatīti appaccayaparinibbānena parinibbāyati. Adhippayāsoti adhikappayogo. Sesamettha vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Imasmiṃ pana sutte puthujjanassa upapattijjhānaṃ kathitaṃ, ariyasāvakassa tadeva upapattijjhānañca vipassanāpādakajjhānañca kathitaṃ.
《衰败与成就经》注释
5. Vipattisampadāsuttavaṇṇanā
118第五经中,「戒失坏」(sīlavipattīti)是指戒的毁坏状态。其余二者(定失坏、慧失坏)的解释方式相同。「无施」(natthi dinnanti)是针对布施没有果报而说。「已供」(yiṭṭha)是指大的供养。「献供」(huta)是指招待客人的恭敬供养。这也是针对这两者都没有果报而予以否定。「善行与恶行」(sukatadukkaṭānanti)指善行与恶行,即善与不善(kusalākusalā)之义。凡是称为果或异熟的,他说这些都不存在。「无此世」(natthi ayaṃ loko),是站在他世立场者认为此世不存在;「无他世」(natthi paro loko),是站在此世立场者认为他世也不存在,他以此显示一切众生各自完全断灭。「无母无父」(natthi mātā natthi pitāti),是针对对于父母所行的正行、邪行没有果报而说。「无化生众生」(natthi sattā opapātikāti)是指没有化生的有情。
118. Pañcame sīlavipattīti sīlassa vipannākāro. Sesadvayepi eseva nayo. Natthi dinnanti dinnassa phalābhāvaṃ sandhāya vadati. Yiṭṭhaṃ vuccati mahāyogo. Hutanti paheṇakasakkāro adhippeto. Tampi ubhayaṃ phalābhāvameva sandhāya paṭikkhipati. Sukatadukkaṭānanti sukatadukkatānaṃ, kusalākusalānanti attho. Phalaṃ vipākoti yaṃ phalanti vā vipākoti vā vuccati, taṃ natthīti vadati. Natthi ayaṃ lokoti paraloke ṭhitassa ayaṃ loko natthi, natthi paro lokoti idha loke ṭhitassāpi paraloko natthi, sabbe tattha tattheva ucchijjantīti dasseti. Natthi mātā natthi pitāti tesu sammāpaṭipattimicchāpaṭipattīnaṃ phalābhāvavasena vadati. Natthi sattā opapātikāti cavitvā uppajjanakasattā nāma natthīti vadati. Sampadāti pāripūriyo. Sīlasampadāti sīlassa paripuṇṇaavekallabhāvo. Sesadvayepi eseva nayo. Atthi dinnantiādi vuttapaṭipakkhanayena gahetabbaṃ.
《真实经》注释
6. Apaṇṇakasuttavaṇṇanā
119第六经中,「真实摩尼」(apaṇṇako maṇīti)是指具备六道纹理的骰子。「善趣天界」(sugatiṃ sagganti)是指四大王天等天界中的某一处天界。此经中,戒与正见两者是结合而说的。第七经意义明白易解。
119. Chaṭṭhe apaṇṇako maṇīti chahi talehi samannāgato pāsako. Sugatiṃ sagganti cātumahārājikādīsu aññataraṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ. Imasmiṃ sutte sīlañca sammādiṭṭhi cāti ubhayampi missakaṃ kathitaṃ. Sattamaṃ uttānameva.
《第一清净经》注释
8. Paṭhamasoceyyasuttavaṇṇanā
121第八经中,「清净」(soceyyānīti)是指洁净的状态。「身清净」(kāyasoceyyanti)是指在身门上的洁净。其余二者(语清净、意清净)也是如此。依次在这四部经中,开示的是在家者的行持之道。这也适用于入流者与一来者。
121. Aṭṭhame soceyyānīti sucibhāvā. Kāyasoceyyanti kāyadvāre sucibhāvo. Sesadvayepi eseva nayo. Imesu pana paṭipāṭiyā catūsu suttesu agārikapaṭipadā kathitā. Sotāpannasakadāgāmīnampi vaṭṭati.
《第二清净经》注释
9. Dutiyasoceyyasuttavaṇṇanā
122第九经中,「内」指自身内的。「欲贪」指欲贪盖。于瞋恚等,也是如此。此中其余部分,如前所说之理而了知。于偈颂中,「身清净」指于身门上的清净,或由身而得的清净。其余二者(语清净、意清净)亦然。「已洗净诸恶」指洗净、涤除一切恶而安住的状态。依此经及偈颂,所说的唯是漏尽者。
122. Navame ajjhattanti niyakajjhattaṃ. Kāmacchandanti kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ. Byāpādādīsupi eseva nayo. Sesamettha heṭṭhā vuttanayameva. Gāthāya pana kāyasucinti kāyadvāre suciṃ, kāyena vā suciṃ. Sesadvayepi eseva nayo. Ninhātapāpakanti sabbe pāpe ninhāpetvā dhovitvā ṭhitaṃ. Iminā suttenapi gāthāyapi khīṇāsavova kathitoti.
《牟尼法经》义注
10. Moneyyasuttavaṇṇanā
123第十经中,「诸牟尼法」指牟尼的状态。「身牟尼法」指于身门上的牟尼状态,即良善、智者的状态。其余二者(语牟尼法、意牟尼法)也是如此。“比丘们,这称为身牟尼法”——是指三种身恶行的断除,名为身牟尼法。又,三种身善行也是身牟尼法;同样,以身为所缘的智是身牟尼法;身的遍知是身牟尼法;与遍知俱行的道是身牟尼法;身上欲贪的断除是身牟尼法;身行的息灭——第四禅等至,也是身牟尼法。于语牟尼法中,也应如是知。
123. Dasame moneyyānīti munibhāvā. Kāyamoneyyanti kāyadvāre munibhāvo sādhubhāvo paṇḍitabhāvo. Sesadvayepi eseva nayo. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, kāyamoneyyanti idaṃ tividhakāyaduccaritappahānaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ nāma. Apica tividhaṃ kāyasucaritampi kāyamoneyyaṃ, tathā kāyārammaṇaṃ ñāṇaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ, kāyapariññā kāyamoneyyaṃ, pariññāsahagato maggo kāyamoneyyaṃ, kāye chandarāgassa pahānaṃ kāyamoneyyaṃ, kāyasaṅkhāranirodho catutthajjhānasamāpatti kāyamoneyyaṃ. Vacīmoneyyepi eseva nayo.
然于此中,有一差别:如此处身牟尼法即第四禅等至,于彼处,语行息灭即第二禅等至,当知为语牟尼法。意牟尼法亦依同理:了知其义后,心行息灭——即想受灭等至,当知为意牟尼法。“身牟尼”指于身门上的牟尼,即最上、极清净者,或由身成牟尼者。其余二者亦然。“断一切者”指漏尽者,因漏尽者即名为断一切者。
Ayaṃ panettha viseso – yathā idha catutthajjhānasamāpatti, evaṃ tattha vacīsaṅkhāranirodho dutiyajjhānasamāpatti vacīmoneyyanti veditabbā. Manomoneyyampi imināva nayena atthaṃ ñatvā cittasaṅkhāranirodho saññāvedayitanirodhasamāpatti manomoneyyanti veditabbā. Kāyamuninti kāyadvāre muniṃ uttamaṃ parisuddhaṃ, kāyena vā muniṃ. Sesadvayepi eseva nayo. Sabbappahāyinanti khīṇāsavaṃ. Khīṇāsavo hi sabbappahāyī nāmāti.