善友等品注释
8. Kalyāṇamittādivaggavaṇṇanā
7171. 第八品第一偈:「善知识」指诸佛或舍利弗等人。这是以所说之对立方式,即依「恶友性」一词所说的对立方式来说明。
71. Aṭṭhamassa paṭhame buddhā, sāriputtādayo vā kalyāṇamittā. Vuttapaṭipakkhanayenāti ‘‘pāpamittatā’’ti pade vuttassa paṭipakkhanayena.
72-73第二首偈:「瑜伽」指具足的状态。「加行」指运用、行道。「无瑜伽」指不具足的状态。「无加行」指不运用、不行道。「以修习」指以修习为原因。
72-73. Dutiye yogoti samaṅgībhāvo. Payogoti payuñjanaṃ paṭipatti. Ayogoti asamaṅgībhāvo. Appayogoti appayuñjanaṃ appaṭipatti. Anuyogenāti anuyogahetu.
74第四首偈:「能觉悟的补特伽罗」指证悟四圣谛的补特伽罗。「成为支分」即成为该证悟的因。在此,由于觉悟四圣谛,或从无明之眠中觉醒,故称为觉悟,圣弟子即是能觉悟的补特伽罗。对于这位能觉悟的补特伽罗,「于觉悟」是指对于那称为法和合的觉悟。以觉悟的意义来说,那些觉支就是觉悟,亦即成为谛现觉的支分,所以才这么说:觉支即觉悟的意思。对于观等之因与所应觉悟的谛,随顺相称地觉悟,故称为「随觉支」;以显了、现前的方式面对而觉悟,故称为「对觉支」;以正确、不颠倒的方式觉悟,故称为「等觉支」——这是借助显示义理差别的接词,来说明随觉等。「菩提」一词以觉悟的共通意义含摄了一切差别。「导向觉悟故」这句话,表明那个法和合是觉悟的唯一原因。而在《无碍解道》的解释中,「觉支」一词正是以上述方式详细开显的。
74. Catutthe bujjhanakasattassāti catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ paṭivijjhanakapuggalassa. Aṅgabhūtāti tasseva paṭivedhassa kāraṇabhūtā. Ettha ca cattāri ariyasaccāni bujjhati, aññāṇaniddāya vāpi bujjhatīti bodhīti laddhanāmo ariyasāvako bujjhanakasatto, tassa bujjhanakasattassa. Bodhiyāti tassā dhammasāmaggisaṅkhātāya bodhiyā. Bujjhanaṭṭhena bodhiyo, bodhiyo eva saccasampaṭibodhassa aṅgāti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Bujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā’’ti. Vipassanādīnaṃ kāraṇānaṃ bujjhitabbānañca saccānaṃ anurūpaṃ bujjhanato anubujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, paṭimukhaṃ paccakkhabhāvena abhimukhaṃ bujjhanato paṭibujjhantīti bojjhaṅgā, sammā aviparītato bujjhanato sambujjhantīti bojjhaṅgāti evaṃ atthavisesadīpakehi upasaggehi anubujjhantītiādi vuttaṃ. Bodhisaddo sabbavisesayuttaṃ bujjhanasāmaññena saṅgaṇhāti. Bodhāya saṃvattantīti iminā tassā dhammasāmaggiyā bujjhanassa ekantakāraṇataṃ dasseti. Evaṃ panetaṃ padaṃ vibhattamevāti vuttappakārena etaṃ ‘‘bojjhaṅgā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 2.17) padaṃ niddese paṭisambhidāmagge vibhattameva.
75第五首偈:「如实自性之地」指如实发挥其作用的阶段。此即是如实自性之地。「观」指强有力的观。有些说从坏灭智开始。在观及其所依的禅那中,念等觉支即属于菩提分法,它们是随顺的菩提分法,因其本身就是菩提分法。「彼处」等语,是显示四种觉支的阶段差别。
75. Pañcame yāthāvasarasabhūmīti yāthāvato sakiccakaraṇabhūmi. Sāti yāthāvasarasabhūmi. Vipassanāti balavavipassanā. Keci ‘‘bhaṅgañāṇato paṭṭhāyā’’ti vadanti. Vipassanāya pādakajjhāne ca satiādayo bojjhaṅgapakkhikā eva pariyāyabodhipakkhiyabhāvato. Tatthātiādi catubbidhānaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ bhūmivibhāgadassanaṃ.
76第六首偈:「于他们之间」是指在那些比丘中间。结集所出的经文虽不算广,但世尊在此顺应与会大众的意乐而作广演,故有此言——“将有大开示”。“无村、镇等论”是说那种谈论即属畜生论。因为以前的谈论亲族众多、派系庞大,如今亲族稀少、派系微小,已转向以无常为入手处、具有导出的性质。“由此”指由于所说的这些衰损之因。“下劣”即低劣。“于我佛教中”这一句,也是对“业自性”等思惟与智慧的特加阐明。这两种智慧,外道虽也拥有,但在一切知佛陀的教法中,因获得独特的殊胜性,并成为转向出离的所依,故更为超胜。
76. Chaṭṭhe tesaṃ antareti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ antare. Kāmaṃ saṅgītiāruḷhavasena appakamidaṃ suttapadaṃ, bhagavā panettha sannipatitaparisāya ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ vitthārikaṃ karotīti katvā idaṃ vuttaṃ – ‘‘mahatī desanā bhavissatī’’ti. Gāmanigamādikathā natthīti tassā kathāya atiracchānakathābhāvamāhu . Tathā hi sā pubbe bahuñātikaṃ ahosi bahupakkhaṃ, idāni appañātikaṃ appapakkhanti aniccatāmukhena niyyānikapakkhikā jātā. Etāyāti yathāvuttāya parihāniyā. Patikiṭṭhanti nihīnaṃ. Mama sāsaneti idaṃ kammassakatajjhānapaññānampi visesanameva. Tadubhayampi hi bāhirakānaṃ tappaññādvayato sātisayameva sabbaññubuddhānaṃ desanāya laddhavisesato vivaṭṭūpanissayato ca.
77第七首偈:「了知他们心行」是指,了知那些比丘如此交谈时,借由这种亲近住,了知他们心行已堪为自己说法的法器。“业自性等”的“等”字,包含禅那智、神通智等四种智。
77. Sattame tesaṃ cittācāraṃ ñatvāti tathā kathentānaṃ tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tattha upagamanena attano desanāya bhājanabhūtaṃ cittappavattiṃ ñatvā. Kammassakatādīti ādisaddena jhānapaññādīnaṃ catunnampi paññānaṃ gahaṇaṃ.
78-80第八首等偈,乃依前文所说之方式,即“凡此于我教法中”等,依前文所释。余下文义,其义易明。
78-80. Aṭṭhamādīsu heṭṭhā vuttanayenevāti ‘‘yā esa mama sāsane’’tiādinā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva. Sesamettha uttānatthameva.
81-82第九品中,无可解说。
81-82. Navame vagge natthi vattabbaṃ.