第二放逸等品的注释
10. Dutiyapamādādivaggavaṇṇanā
98-115“内”,指在自身相续中生起者;“外”,指在自身相续之外生起者。依所说对立之理,即如“为了不毁灭”等语,应取其义。所谓“四隅”,即依《增支部》1.96等结尾经中所说“随顺不善、不随顺善、随顺善、不随顺不善”之理,并合《增支部》1.11等经中“诸比丘,我不见其他一法……”等语,而得其名。
98-115. Dasame vagge ajjhattasantāne bhavaṃ ajjhattikaṃ. Ajjhattasantānato bahiddhā bhavaṃ bāhiraṃ. Vuttapaṭipakkhanayenāti ‘‘avināsāyā’’ti evamādinā attho gahetabbo. Catukkoṭiketi ‘‘anuyogo akusalānaṃ , ananuyogo kusalānaṃ, anuyogo kusalānaṃ, ananuyogo akusalāna’’nti (a. ni. 1.96) evaṃ pariyosānasutte āgatanayaṃ gahetvā ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmī’’tiādinā (a. ni. 1.11) āgatasuttānaṃ samaññā jātā.
130在经教的理趣中,所谓「非正法说为正法」,是指对染污法的颠倒宣说,以及对各个法类的缩减和增添地宣说。而对其无颠倒、无增减地宣说,则是「正法说为正法」。同样,在律的行持中,不如法仪轨的宣说,是「非正法说为正法」;如法仪轨的宣说,是「正法说为正法」。在经教中,「律」指五种防护律和断律,「非律」是其对立面。在律教中,凭借事案圆满等如法而行就是律,相反就是非律,应当如此了解。在“三十舍堕”中,这里的‘iti’是“等等”的意思,由此包含了九十二波逸提、四悔过法、七诉讼止息。同样,在“三十一舍堕”处,也应当说“九十二波逸提”等。其余的内容,在这里很容易明白。
130. Suttantanaye yathācodanā saṃkilesadhammānaṃ vipariyesanaṃ, taṃtaṃdhammakoṭṭhāsānañca ūnato adhikato ca pavedanaṃ adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpanaṃ. Tesaṃyeva pana aviparītato anūnādhikato ca pavedanaṃ dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpanaṃ. Evaṃ vinayappaṭipattiyā ayathāvidhippavedanaṃ adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpanaṃ. Yathāvidhippavedanaṃ dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpanaṃ. Suttantanayena pañcavidho saṃvaravinayo pahānavinayo ca vinayo, tappaṭipakkhena avinayo. Vinayanayena vatthusampadādinā yathāvidhippaṭipatti eva vinayo, tabbipariyāyena avinayo veditabbo. Tiṃsa nissaggiyā pācittiyāti ettha iti-saddo ādyattho. Tena dvenavuti pācittiyā, cattāro pāṭidesaniyā, satta adhikaraṇasamathāti imesaṃ saṅgaho. Ekatiṃsa nissaggiyāti ettha ‘‘tenavuti pācittiyā’’tiādinā vattabbaṃ. Sesamettha suviññeyyameva.
“证得”因应当被证得而得名,指道与果。涅槃则因从无隐没,故此处不取。“行道”即践行,是三学的结合;或从应当被践行的角度,也可称为行道。“教理”因应当遍学而得名,指三藏。虽然提及“道”时已含摄第三明与第六神通,但由于明与神通常共称的缘故,此处再以“三明、六神通”表述。此后所说的“六神通”,是指佛灭一千年后,仍能生起六神通,却无法生起无碍解,此即其意趣所在。“此后”指神通存在的时期之后;“那些”指神通。在修行前分,因无禅那的润泽,仅安住于观而证得最高果位者,名为“干观者”。然而在证道的刹那,则不可说“无禅那的润泽”,因《增支部》4.170有“修习止观双运道”之说。“最后那位”指一切有情中的最后一位。圣者虽为不退堕之法,但就入流者而言,命终之后,往昔所证得的法已无新生可能;只要助缘不具足,尚无能生起更殊胜之智的那段时间里,证得确实不会发生,故经中说“入流者……成为……名”。应知这是依人界所说。
Adhigantabbato adhigamo, maggaphalāni. Nibbānaṃ pana antaradhānābhāvato idha na gayhati. Paṭipajjanaṃ paṭipatti, sikkhattayasamāyogo. Paṭipajjitabbato vā paṭipatti. Pariyāpuṇitabbato pariyatti, piṭakattayaṃ. Maggaggahaṇena gahitāpi tatiyavijjāchaṭṭhābhiññā vijjābhiññāsāmaññato ‘‘tisso vijjā cha abhiññā’’ti punapi gahitā. Tato paraṃ cha abhiññāti vassasahassato paraṃ cha abhiññā nibbattetuṃ sakkonti, na paṭisambhidāti adhippāyo. Tatoti abhiññākālato pacchā. Tāti abhiññāyo. Pubbabhāge jhānasinehābhāvena kevalāya vipassanāya ṭhatvā aggaphalappattā sukkhavipassakā nāma, maggakkhaṇe pana ‘‘jhānasineho natthī’’ti na vattabbo ‘‘samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāvetī’’ti (a. ni. 4.170) vacanato. Pacchimakassāti sabbapacchimassa. Kiñcāpi ariyo aparihānadhammo , sotāpannassa pana uddhaṃ jīvitapariyādānā adhigatadhammo uppanno nāma natthi, paccayasāmaggiyā asati yāva uparivisesaṃ nibbattetuṃ na sakkonti, tāva adhigamassa asambhavo evāti āha – ‘‘sotāpannassa…pe… nāma hotī’’ti. Tassidaṃ manussalokavasena vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“不呵责”指虽知彼此存在的过失,亦不出言呵责、不予提醒。“无悔恨”指不令悔恨生起。也有读作“不恭敬行者”,意谓由于懈怠,对学处不能恭敬地实行。至于“比丘成百上千住世”一语,是从多数的情况而言。只要还有少数未犯根本重罪的比丘住世,乃至仅有一位,行道即不名为断绝。因此说:“最后那位……行道便断绝了。”
Na codentīti aññamaññasmiṃ vijjamānaṃ dosaṃ jānantāpi na codenti na sārenti. Akukkuccakā hontīti kukkuccaṃ na uppādenti. ‘‘Asakkaccakārino hontī’’ti ca paṭhanti, sāthalikatāya sikkhāsu asakkaccakārino hontīti attho. Bhikkhūnaṃ satepi sahassepi dharamāneti idaṃ bāhullavasena vuttaṃ. Antimavatthuanajjhāpannesu katipayamattesupi bhikkhūsu dharantesu, ekasmiṃ vā dharante paṭipatti anantarahitā eva nāma hoti. Tenevāha – ‘‘pacchimakassa…pe… antarahitā hotī’’ti.
“摄受弟子”即接纳弟子。“以义理”指依注释的道理。“从顶部开始”即从上面开始。“仅布萨犍度分”是指律的论母原文。如同《旷野之问》等那样,教理在天界的流传不可计量,故此处特说“在人界”。
Antevāsike gahetunti antevāsike saṅgahetuṃ. Atthavasenāti aṭṭhakathāvasena. Matthakato paṭṭhāyāti uparito paṭṭhāya. Uposathakkhandhakamattanti vinayamātikāpāḷimāha. Āḷavakapañhādīnaṃ viya devesu pariyattiyā pavatti appamāṇanti āha – ‘‘manussesū’’ti.
「唇骨色」,是指将嘴唇染成骨色,或将牙齿染上一两遍令成齿色而受持——这便是所说的意思。「或附着于头发上」,即用那片袈裟布系于发上,令其附着。由于侵损、破坏比丘的种族,故称「种姓仅存者」。或者,「种姓」是指共通的名称,「仅」字在此省略;因此,只是假借、维持「沙门」这一种姓名号,即是「种姓仅存者」,意指徒具沙门之名的假沙门。由于袈裟缠绕喉咙,或因执取袈裟而生起忧愁,故名「袈裟缠喉者」。「僧伽物」,因是施与僧团而成为僧伽之物。「界舍利」即是指那些界舍利。
Oṭṭhaṭṭhivaṇṇanti oṭṭhānaṃ aṭṭhivaṇṇaṃ, dantakasāvaṃ ekaṃ vā dve vā vāre rajitvā dantavaṇṇaṃ katvā dhārentīti vuttaṃ hoti. Kesesu vā allīyāpentīti tena kāsāvakhaṇḍena kese bandhantā allīyāpenti. Bhikkhugottassa abhibhavanato vināsanato gotrabhuno. Atha vā gottaṃ vuccati sādhāraṇaṃ nāmaṃ, mattasaddo luttaniddiṭṭho, tasmā ‘‘samaṇā’’ti gottamattaṃ anubhavanti dhārentīti gotrabhuno, nāmamattasamaṇāti attho. Kāsāvagatakaṇṭhatāya, kāsāvaggahaṇahetuuppajjanakasokatāya vā kāsāvakaṇṭhā. Saṅghagatanti saṅghaṃ uddissa dinnattā saṅghagataṃ. Taṃ sarīranti taṃ dhātusarīraṃ.
「因此」,是指因教理的灭尽为根本,故有余者的灭尽。帝释天王为使比丘们从饥馑恐惧中渡至彼岸而作了努力,这是他的用意所在。「不」字,是指对粪扫衣长老与说法长老,二者均未作努力。而「长老」,是指当时在场为证的那些长老。说法长老引用了“只要经典住世……安稳便不衰败”的经句,并以“当经典得到守护时,行道亦得守护”一语,令粪扫衣长老无言以对。现在,为以遮止、随顺和譬喻来说明“正是教理的无有断绝,才是其他诸法不消失的原因”这一义理,而叙说“譬如……”等。这些内容容易了知。
Tenevāti pariyattiantaradhānamūlakattā eva itaraantaradhānassa. Sakko devarājā chātakabhaye paratīragamanāya bhikkhū ussukkamakāsīti adhippāyo. Neti ubhayepi paṃsukūlikatthere dhammakathikatthere ca. Therāti tattha ṭhitā sakkhibhūtā therā. Dhammakathikattherā ‘‘yāva tiṭṭhantisuttantā…pe… yogakkhemā na dhaṃsatī’’ti idaṃ suttaṃ āharitvā ‘‘suttante rakkhite sante, paṭipatti hoti rakkhitā’’ti iminā vacanena paṃsukūlikatthere appaṭibhāne akaṃsu . Idāni pariyattiyā anantaradhānameva itaresaṃ anantaradhānahetūti imamatthaṃ byatirekato anvayato ca upamāhi vibhāvetuṃ ‘‘yathā hī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Taṃ suviññeyyameva.
140-150第十一品与第十二品,容易了知。
140-150. Ekādasamadvādasamavaggā suviññeyyā eva.