第九 无为相应品
9. Asaṅkhatasaṃyuttaṃ
1. 第一品
1. Paṭhamavaggo
身至念经等注释
1-11. Kāyagatāsatisuttādivaṇṇanā
366-376在《无为相应》中,「无为」:指非造作的。「寻求利益者」:指寻求利益之人。「怜悯者」:指怀有怜悯的人。「依于怜悯」:以心摄持怜悯,也可理解为“缘于”。「我为你们所作的那事」:意思是“当我在开示这无为以及无为之道时,便是为你们所作的了”。因为,一位满怀怜悯的导师,其职责仅止于此——开示无颠倒的教法。从此之后,修行实践便称为声闻弟子的任务。因此他说:“诸比丘,这些树下……乃至……是我们的教诫。”以此句指出树下坐卧之处。「空屋」:以此句指出远离人群之处。这两者说明了适合修行的坐卧处,以此交付了教法遗产。
366-376. Asaṅkhatasaṃyutte asaṅkhatanti akataṃ. Hitesināti hitaṃ esantena. Anukampakenāti anukampamānena. Anukampaṃ upādāyāti anukampaṃ cittena pariggahetvā, paṭiccātipi vuttaṃ hoti. Kataṃ vo taṃ mayāti taṃ mayā imaṃ asaṅkhatañca asaṅkhatamaggañca desentena tumhākaṃ kataṃ. Ettakameva hi anukampakassa satthu kiccaṃ, yadidaṃ aviparītadhammadesanā. Ito paraṃ pana paṭipatti nāma sāvakānaṃ kiccaṃ. Tenāha etāni, bhikkhave, rukkhamūlāni…pe… amhākaṃ anusāsanīti iminā rukkhamūlasenāsanaṃ dasseti. Suññāgārānīti iminā janavivittaṃ ṭhānaṃ. Ubhayena ca yogānurūpaṃ senāsanaṃ ācikkhati, dāyajjaṃ niyyāteti.
「当修禅那」:以所缘专注的禅那,观修三十八种所缘;以特相专注的禅那,从无常等角度观修诸蕴、处等。这便是增长止与观。「勿放逸」:即不要放逸。「勿后来成为后悔者」:因为有些人,在年轻、健康、具足七种适合等成就、导师在世之时,由于缺乏如理作意,日复一日,如同变质的食物,只沉溺于躺卧之乐、睡眠之乐而放逸。待后来衰老、生病、临终、失意或导师般涅槃时,回忆起先前放逸的生活,看到伴随结生的沉重业力,便成为后悔者。为了表明“你们不要成为那样的人”,故说「勿后来成为后悔者」。
Jhāyathāti ārammaṇūpanijjhānena aṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇāni, lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena ca aniccādito khandhāyatanādīni upanijjhāyatha, samathañca vipassanañca vaḍḍhethāti vuttaṃ hoti. Mā pamādatthāti mā pamajjittha. Mā pacchā vippaṭisārino ahuvatthāti ye hi pubbe daharakāle arogakāle sattasappāyādisampattikāle satthu sammukhībhāvakāle ca yonisomanasikārarahitā rattindivaṃ maṅkulabhattaṃ hutvā seyyasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anubhontā pamajjanti, te pacchā jarākāle rogakāle maraṇakāle vipattikāle satthu parinibbutakāle ca taṃ pubbe pamādavihāraṃ anussarantā sappaṭisandhikālakiriyañca bhāriyaṃ sampassamānā vippaṭisārino honti. Tumhe pana tādisā mā ahuvatthāti dassento āha ‘‘mā pacchā vippaṭisārino ahuvatthā’’ti.
「这是我们的教诫」:即“你们当修禅那,不要放逸”这一从我们这里传给你们的教诫,也就是教导。
Ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanīti ayaṃ amhākaṃ santikā ‘‘jhāyatha mā pamādatthā’’ti tumhākaṃ anusāsanī, ovādoti vuttaṃ hoti.
2. 第二品
2. Dutiyavaggo
无为经等注释
1-33. Asaṅkhatasuttādivaṇṇanā
377-409关于“身随观身”等词句中应当解释的内容,将在后文加以说明。
377-409.Kāyekāyānupassītiādīsu yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ parato vakkhāma.
「无渴」:因无渴爱,故称无渴。「无漏」:因四漏尽,故称无漏。「谛」:以是究竟谛故,名为谛。「彼岸」:以是轮回之彼岸故,名为彼岸。「微妙」:以微细故,名为微妙。「极难见」:以极难见故,名为极难见。「不老」:以不衰老故,名为不老。「坚固」:以坚固故,名为坚固。「不坏」:以不崩坏故,名为不坏。「无相」:以眼识不可见故,名为无相。「无戏论」:以无有渴爱、慢、见、戏论故,名为无戏论。
Anatantiādīsu taṇhānatiyā abhāvena anataṃ. Catunnaṃ āsavānaṃ abhāvena anāsavaṃ. Paramatthasaccatāya saccaṃ. Vaṭṭassa parabhāgaṭṭhena pāraṃ. Saṇhaṭṭhena nipuṇaṃ. Suṭṭhu duddasatāya sududdasaṃ. Jarāya ajaritattā ajajjaraṃ. Thiraṭṭhena dhuvaṃ. Apalujjanatāya apalokitaṃ. Cakkhuviññāṇena apassitabbattā anidassanaṃ. Taṇhāmānadiṭṭhipapañcānaṃ abhāvena nippapañcaṃ.
「寂静」:以寂静状态为义,故名寂静。「不死」:无有死亡,故名不死。「殊胜」:以最上为义,故名殊胜。「吉祥」:具光辉之义,故名吉祥。「安稳」:无灾患故,名为安稳。「渴爱灭尽」:是渴爱灭尽的缘,故称渴爱灭尽。
Santabhāvaṭṭhena santaṃ. Maraṇābhāvena amataṃ. Uttamaṭṭhena paṇītaṃ. Sassirikaṭṭhena sivaṃ. Nirupaddavatāya khemaṃ. Taṇhākkhayassa paccayattā taṇhakkhayaṃ.
「稀有」:令人惊异,如应弹指,故称稀有。「未曾有」:原先无有而今出现,或未生而存在,故名未曾有。「无灾」:无苦故,名无灾。「无灾法」:以无苦为自性,故名无灾法。「涅槃」:无渴爱故,名为涅槃。「无恼」:无逼迫故,名为无恼。「离贪」:是证得离贪的缘,故称离贪。「清净」:究竟清净故,名为清净。「解脱」:从三有解脱故,名为解脱。「无住处」:无欲的住处故,名无住处。「洲」:以作依止处为义,称为洲。「窟宅」:可依附为义,称为窟宅。「救护所」:以救护为义,称为救护所。「皈依」:以祛除怖畏为皈依义,故称皈依,即消除怖畏之意。「归宿」:是彼岸、趣、依止,故称归宿。此处其余诸词,应依前文所说之理而解。
Vimhāpanīyaṭṭhena accharaṃ paharitabbayuttakanti acchariyaṃ. Abhūtameva bhūtaṃ ajātaṃ hutvā atthīti vā abbhutaṃ. Niddukkhattā anītikaṃ. Niddukkhasabhāvattā anītikadhammaṃ. Vānābhāvena nibbānaṃ. Byābajjhābhāveneva abyābajjhaṃ. Virāgādhigamassa paccayato virāgaṃ. Paramatthasuddhitāya suddhi. Tīhi bhavehi muttatāya mutti. Kāmālayānaṃ abhāvena anālayaṃ. Patiṭṭhaṭṭhena dīpaṃ. Allīyitabbayuttaṭṭhena leṇaṃ. Tāyanaṭṭhena tāṇaṃ. Bhayasaraṇaṭṭhena saraṇaṃ, bhayanāsananti attho. Paraṃ ayanaṃ gati patiṭṭhāti parāyaṇaṃ. Sesamettha vuttanayamevāti.