第五、比丘尼相应
5. Bhikkhunīsaṃyuttaṃ
阿腊毗迦经注
1. Āḷavikāsuttavaṇṇanā
162在比丘尼相应的第一经中,「阿腊毗迦」:她出生于阿腊毗城,亦是从阿腊毗城出离而出家的人。「盲林」:有一位名为耶输陀罗的说法圣弟子,为迦叶正自觉者的塔寺营造事业而去筹募资财,在归途中被挖去双眼,就在那里,五百名眼睛破裂的强盗占据之处;从那时起,那片树林便被称为“盲林”。据说它位于舍卫城南边约一牛吼声的距离,受王室守护。希求远离的比丘与比丘尼们常会前往彼处。因此,这位渴望身远离的比丘尼,便朝那片树林走去。「出离」:指涅槃。「以智慧」:指以省察智。「你不知那足处」:你不知道那涅槃之足处,或通向涅槃之道途的足处。「如同剑标」:因其有穿刺的义涵,故如同剑与标枪。「诸蕴为叠加」:诸蕴即是那作为累叠加诸的捆缚品。第一经终。
162. Bhikkhunīsaṃyuttassa paṭhame āḷavikāti āḷaviyaṃ jātā āḷavinagaratoyeva ca nikkhamma pabbajitā. Andhavananti kassapasammāsambuddhassa cetiye navakammatthāya dhanaṃ samādapetvā āgacchantassa yasodharassa nāma dhammabhāṇakassa ariyapuggalassa akkhīni uppāṭetvā tattheva akkhibhedappattehi pañcahi corasatehi nivutthattā tato paṭṭhāya ‘‘andhavana’’nti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ vanaṃ. Taṃ kira sāvatthito dakkhiṇapasse gāvutamatte hoti rājārakkhāya guttaṃ. Tattha pavivekakāmā bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca gacchanti. Tasmā ayampi kāyavivekatthinī yena taṃ vanaṃ, tenupasaṅkami. Nissaraṇanti nibbānaṃ. Paññāyāti paccavekkhaṇañāṇena. Na tvaṃ jānāsi taṃ padanti tvaṃ etaṃ nibbānapadaṃ vā nibbānagāmimaggapadaṃ vā na jānāsi. Sattisūlūpamāti vinivijjhanatthena sattisūlasadisā. Khandhāsaṃ adhikuṭṭanāti khandhā tesaṃ adhikuṭṭanabhaṇḍikā. Paṭhamaṃ.
索玛经注
2. Somāsuttavaṇṇanā
163在第二经中,「处」:指阿拉汉果。「难为」:指难以攻克。「二指慧」:指微弱的智慧。或者,由于女人用两个手指夹取棉卷来纺线,因此女人便被称作“二指慧”。「当智慧正在运转时」:当果定之智正在生起的时候。「观察法」:指观察四圣谛之法的人,或者,在观的前行阶段,观察作为观所缘的五蕴本身。「或其他任何之所在」:意指若有其他任何地方,因爱、慢、见而生起“我是”的执取,那也是存在的。第二经终。
163. Dutiye ṭhānanti arahattaṃ. Durabhisambhavanti duppasahaṃ. Dvaṅgulapaññāyāti parittapaññāya. Yasmā vā dvīhi aṅgulehi kappāsavaṭṭiṃ gahetvā suttaṃ kantanti, tasmā itthī ‘‘dvaṅgulapaññā’’ti vuccati. Ñāṇamhi vattamānamhīti phalasamāpattiñāṇe pavattamāne. Dhammaṃ vipassatoti catusaccadhammaṃ vipassantassa, pubbabhāge vā vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtaṃ khandhapañcakameva. Kiñci vā pana aññasmīti aññaṃ vā kiñci ‘‘ahaṃ asmī’’ti taṇhāmānadiṭṭhivasena yassa siyā. Dutiyaṃ.
翅舍·乔达弥经注
3. Kisāgotamīsuttavaṇṇanā
164在第三经中,「翅舍·乔达弥」:因缺少血肉而被称为“翅舍”(瘦),“乔达弥”则是她的名字。往昔,舍卫城有一户人家,八亿财产尽数化为炭烬。家主并未将那些化为炭烬之物丢弃,心中思惟:“迟早会有具福之人,借其福德令它们恢复原状。”于是便将装满黄金与白银的罐子陈列于店铺,自己守候在一旁。其时,有一位出身贫苦家庭的女孩,心想“我去取半摩沙迦的资费来买柴火和野菜”,走在街上,见此情景便对家主说:“你店铺中就有如此多的财宝,家中又该有多少呢?”家主问:“姑娘,你见到什么才这么说?”“这些黄金白银。”他心想:“此女有福。”问明她的住处后,便收拾店铺货物,前去拜访她的父母,对他们说:“我家有一名业已成年的儿子,恳请将你们的女儿许配给我家。”“主人,您是在与穷苦人家开玩笑吗?”“情谊亦能与穷苦之人建立,请将她托付于我们,她会成为我家的主母。”于是便将她接回家中。她同居之后,生下了一个儿子。儿子长到能独立行走时,却夭折了。她生于贫苦家庭,后入大户之家,如今遭遇丧子之痛,心生极大悲恸,不愿为儿子举丧,便怀抱着他……
164. Tatiye kisāgotamīti appamaṃsalohitatāya kisā, gotamīti panassā nāmaṃ. Pubbe kira sāvatthiyaṃ ekasmiṃ kule asītikoṭidhanaṃ sabbaṃ aṅgārāva jātaṃ. Kuṭumbiko aṅgārajātāni anīharitvā – ‘‘avassaṃ koci puññavā bhavissati, tassa puññena puna pākatikaṃ bhavissatī’’ti suvaṇṇahiraññassa cāṭiyo pūretvā āpaṇe ṭhapetvā samīpe nisīdi. Athekā duggatakulassa dhītā – ‘‘aḍḍhamāsakaṃ gahetvā dārusākaṃ āharissāmī’’ti vīthiṃ gatā taṃ disvā kuṭumbikaṃ āha – ‘‘āpaṇe tāva dhanaṃ ettakaṃ, gehe kittakaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. Kiṃ disvā amma evaṃ kathesīti? Imaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇanti. So ‘‘puññavatī esā bhavissatī’’ti tassā vasanaṭṭhānaṃ pucchitvā āpaṇe bhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā tassā mātāpitaro upasaṅkamitvā evamāha – ‘‘amhākaṃ gehe vayappatto dārako atthi, tassetaṃ dārikaṃ dethā’’ti. Kiṃ sāmi duggatehi saddhiṃ keḷiṃ karosīti? Mittasanthavo nāma duggatehipi saddhiṃ hoti, detha naṃ, kuṭumbasāminī bhavissatīti naṃ gahetvā gharaṃ ānesi. Sā saṃvāsamanvāya puttaṃ vijātā. Putto padasā āhiṇḍanakāle kālamakāsi. Sā duggatakule uppajjitvā mahākulaṃ gantvāpi ‘‘puttavināsaṃ pattāmhī’’ti uppannabalavasokā puttassa sarīrakiccaṃ vāretvā taṃ matakaḷevaraṃ ādāya nagare vippalapantī carati.
有一天,在佛陀游行的大道上,她来到十力世尊面前,说道:“世尊,请给我能让我儿子痊愈的药。”世尊说:“你去舍卫城,挨家挨户寻找一户从未死过人的家,从那里取来吉祥芥子,这便能成为你儿子的药。”她进入舍卫城,从邻居家开始,遵照世尊的吩咐,挨家挨户求取吉祥芥子,每一家都反问:“你怎么可能找到这样的人家?”走访了几户之后,她便省悟:“这原是一切众生的必然规律,而不仅仅是我的儿子如此。”于是她把尸体弃在厅堂,请求出家。世尊说:“让她出家吧。”便送她到比丘尼的住处。她在剃度的那一刹那便证得阿拉汉果。关于这位长老尼,经文中说“那时,翅舍·乔达弥……”等等。
Ekadivasaṃ mahatiyā buddhavīthiyā dasabalassa santikaṃ gantvā – ‘‘puttassa me arogabhāvatthāya bhesajjaṃ detha bhagavā’’ti āha. Gaccha sāvatthiṃ āhiṇḍitvā yasmiṃ gehe matapubbo natthi, tato siddhatthakaṃ āhara, puttassa te bhesajjaṃ bhavissatīti. Sā nagaraṃ pavisitvā dhuragehato paṭṭhāya bhagavatā vuttanayena gantvā siddhatthakaṃ yācantī ghare ghare, ‘‘kuto tvaṃ evarūpaṃ gharaṃ passissasī’’ti vuttā katipayāni gehāni āhiṇḍitvā – ‘‘sabbesampi kirāyaṃ dhammatā, na mayhaṃ puttassevā’’ti sālāyaṃ chavaṃ chaḍḍetvā pabbajjaṃ yāci. Satthā ‘‘imaṃ pabbājetū’’ti bhikkhuniupassayaṃ pesesi. Sā khuraggeyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Imaṃ theriṃ sandhāya ‘‘atha kho kisāgotamī’’ti vuttaṃ.
“独一无二”:意思是只此一位。“泪流满面”:如同一张哭泣的面孔。“彻底丧子者”:此处accantaṃ意为“至极”、“彻底”,是抽象名词的中性形式。这句话的意思是:正如儿子的死亡已至极点、彻底过去,我也是一个彻底丧子的母亲;如今对我来说,再也不会有儿子死亡这回事了。“诸男子亦以此为终极”:男人对我而言也以此为终极。我儿子之死的这个终极,就是我对男子方面的终极;如今我再也不可能去寻求任何男人了。“于一切处喜被破”:于一切蕴、处、界、有、生、趣、住、居所之中,我渴爱之喜都已被破除。“无明蕴”:指无明积聚而成的堆。“已被破开”:指被智慧所击破。第三经结束。
Ekamāsīti ekā āsi. Rudammukhīti rudamānamukhī viya. Accantaṃ mataputtāmhīti ettha antaṃ atītaṃ accantaṃ, bhāvanapuṃsakametaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā puttamaraṇaṃ antaṃ atītaṃ hoti, evaṃ mataputtā ahaṃ, idāni mama puna puttamaraṇaṃ nāma natthi. Purisā etadantikāti purisāpi me etadantikāva . Yo me puttamaraṇassa anto, purisānampi me esevanto, abhabbā ahaṃ idāni purisaṃ gavesitunti. Sabbattha vihatā nandīti sabbesu khandhāyatanadhātubhavayonigatiṭhitinivāsesu mama taṇhānandī vihatā. Tamokkhandhoti avijjākkhandho. Padālitoti ñāṇena bhinno. Tatiyaṃ.
4. 毗阇耶经的注释
4. Vijayāsuttavaṇṇanā
165在第四经中,“以五支具足”:指由皮面绷紧的鼓、皮面松弛的鼓、两者兼具的鼓、实心的体鸣乐器以及中空的管乐器——这五种乐器所组成。“我全都奉献给你”:我把一切都只给你。“我对此无需求”:我对此没有需要。“以臭秽之身”:即使身体呈金色光泽,也因不断流出不净的本质而本为臭秽之身,所以她这样说。“以破碎”:指具有坏灭的本质。“以脆弱”:指具有碎为粉末、变作微尘的性质。“我厌患”:我被逼迫、受折磨而生厌离。“我羞愧”:我对此感到羞耻。“寂止之定”:指八种世间定,由于所缘寂止及诸禅支寂止,故称为“寂止”。“于一切处”:在所有的色界有与无色界有中——由于此二种有及它们所包含的欲有,连同八种定全被涵盖——于这一切处,我的无明黑暗已被摧毁,她如此宣说。第四经。
165. Catutthe pañcaṅgikenāti ātataṃ vitataṃ ātatavitataṃ ghanaṃ susiranti evaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgatena. Niyyātayāmi tuyhevāti sabbe tuyhaṃyeva demi. Nāhaṃ tenatthikāti nāhaṃ tena atthikā. Pūtikāyenāti suvaṇṇavaṇṇopi kāyo niccaṃ uggharitapaggharitaṭṭhena pūtikāyova, tasmā evamāha. Bhindanenāti bhijjanasabhāvena. Pabhaṅgunāti cuṇṇavicuṇṇaṃ āpajjanadhammena. Aṭṭīyāmīti aṭṭā pīḷitā homi. Harāyāmīti lajjāmi. Santā samāpattīti aṭṭhavidhā lokiyasamāpatti ārammaṇasantatāya aṅgasantatāya ca santāti vuttā. Sabbatthāti sabbesu rūpārūpabhavesu, tesaṃ dvinnaṃ bhavānaṃ gahitattā gahite kāmabhave aṭṭhasu ca samāpattīsūti etesu sabbesu ṭhānesu mayhaṃ avijjātamo vihatoti vadati. Catutthaṃ.
5. 莲华色经的注释
5. Uppalavaṇṇāsuttavaṇṇanā
166在第五经中,「从顶部极善开花」:指一棵婆罗树,从树顶开始便绽放得极为绚烂。「你没有第二个色界」:意即,没有第二个容色界能与你相提并论。她说,没有其他任何一位比丘尼能与你相似。「若来此应是那般者」:如同你来此也不曾得到任何亲近或爱恋,她们也会变得如此。「在睫毛中间者」:指安住于双眼之间、鼻梁之上的我,你却没有看见。「我是自在者」:我是已得自在的人。第五经。
166. Pañcame supupphitagganti aggato paṭṭhāya suṭṭhu pupphitaṃ sālarukkhaṃ. Na catthi te dutiyā vaṇṇadhātūti tava vaṇṇadhātusadisā dutiyā vaṇṇadhātu natthi, tayā sadisā aññā bhikkhunī natthīti vadati. Idhāgatā tādisikā bhaveyyunti yathā tvaṃ idhāgatā kiñci santhavaṃ vā sinehaṃ vā na labhasi, evamevaṃ tepi tayāva sadisā bhaveyyuṃ. Pakhumantarikāyanti dvinnaṃ akkhīnaṃ majjhe nāsavaṃsepi tiṭṭhantiṃ maṃ na passasi. Vasībhūtamhīti vasībhūtā asmi. Pañcamaṃ.
6. 遮罗经的注释
6. Cālāsuttavaṇṇanā
167在第六经中,「谁让你如此接受了它」:是哪个愚钝无知的家伙,让你这样执取这些见解呢?「杂染」:还有其他种种灾患。此时,为了摧破魔罗所说的「谁让你如此接受了它?」而开示道:「让我接受此见解的,并非盲目的愚者,而是世间最尊胜者——导师,他宣说了法」,由此说了「佛陀」等语。其中,「使立足于谛」:使她立足于胜义谛,也就是涅槃。「不知灭者」:指那些不知灭谛的人。第六经。
167. Chaṭṭhe ko nu taṃ idamādapayīti ko nu mandabuddhi bālo taṃ evaṃ gāhāpesi? Pariklesanti aññampi nānappakāraṃ upaddavaṃ. Idāni yaṃ māro āha – ‘‘ko nu taṃ idamādapayī’’ti, taṃ maddantī – ‘‘na maṃ andhabālo ādapesi, loke pana aggapuggalo satthā dhammaṃ desesī’’ti dassetuṃ, buddhotiādimāha. Tattha sacce nivesayīti paramatthasacce nibbāne nivesesi. Nirodhaṃ appajānantāti nirodhasaccaṃ ajānantā. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. 优波遮罗经的注释
7. Upacālāsuttavaṇṇanā
168在第七经中,「又入魔罗的掌握」:指一再地进入死魔、烦恼魔、天子魔的掌握。「被烧恼」:指被热恼所逼。「魔罗的去处」:即你魔罗的去处。「于彼」:即于彼涅槃中。第七经。
168. Sattame enti māravasaṃ punāti punappunaṃ maraṇamārakilesamāradevaputtamārānaṃ vasaṃ āgacchanti. Padhūpitoti santāpito. Agati yattha mārassāti yattha tuyhaṃ mārassa agati. Tatthāti tasmiṃ nibbāne. Sattamaṃ.
尸须波遮罗经注疏
8. Sīsupacālāsuttavaṇṇanā
169第八个问题:“你看起来像沙门尼”:你看上去与沙门尼相似。“你为什么像愚蒙者一样游行?”:你是出于什么原因,像愚蒙者那样游行?“此外道”:意指在这教法之外,其他外道将见网投掷于众生心中,所以称为外道(pāsaṇḍā)。然而,此教法能令人脱离网,故不称为外道;唯有在此教法之外的,才是外道。“令沉陷”:即令沉陷、令系缚。第八。
169. Aṭṭhame samaṇī viya dissasīti samaṇisadisā dissasi. Kimiva carasi momūhāti kiṃ kāraṇā momūhā viya carasi? Ito bahiddhāti imamhā sāsanā bahi. Pāsaṃ ḍentīti pāsaṇḍā, sattānaṃ cittesu diṭṭhipāsaṃ khipantīti attho. Sāsanaṃ pana pāse moceti, tasmā pāsaṇḍoti na vuccati, ito bahiddhāyeva pāsaṇḍā honti. Pasīdantīti saṃsīdanti lagganti.
现在,回答“你是为了谁而剃发”这一问题,说“有出生于释迦族者”等。其中,“征服一切者”:征服一切蕴、处、界、有、生、趣等而安住。“驱除魔者”:驱逐了死魔等魔。“于一切处不败者”:于一切贪等烦恼中,或在与魔的战斗中不被制伏。“于一切处解脱者”:从一切蕴等中解脱。“无依者”:不以渴爱与见为依止,无所依著。“达一切业灭尽者”:达到名为一切业灭尽的阿拉汉果。“于依灭尽”:在名为依灭尽的涅槃中,以所缘而得解脱。第八。
Idāni ‘‘kaṃ nu uddissa muṇḍāsī’’ti pañhaṃ kathentī atthi sakyakule jātotiādimāha. Tattha sabbābhibhūti sabbāni khandhāyatanadhātubhavayonigatiādīni abhibhavitvā ṭhito. Maraṇamārādayo nudi nīharīti māranudo. Sabbatthamaparājitoti sabbesu rāgādīsu vā mārayuddhe vā ajito. Sabbattha muttoti sabbesu khandhādīsu mutto. Asitoti taṇhādiṭṭhinissayena anissito. Sabbakammakkhayaṃ pattoti sabbakammakkhayasaṅkhātaṃ arahattaṃ patto. Upadhisaṅkhayeti upadhisaṅkhayasaṅkhāte nibbāne ārammaṇato vimutto. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9. 塞拉经注释
9. Selāsuttavaṇṇanā
170在第九经中,“因何而作此”:即由什么造作了这个。“像”:是就有身而言。“苦”:因为是苦的所依,所以也就是指有身。“因的破坏”:是由于因的灭尽、缘的缺失。第九经。
170. Navame kenidaṃ pakatanti kena idaṃ kataṃ. Bimbanti attabhāvaṃ sandhāya vadati. Aghanti dukkhapatiṭṭhānattā attabhāvameva vadati. Hetubhaṅgāti hetunirodhena paccayavekallena. Navamaṃ.
10. 金刚经注释
10. Vajirāsuttavaṇṇanā
171在第十经中,「此处无有情可得」意为:在这纯粹的行蕴聚中,从究竟义上说,并没有所谓的有情可得。「当诸蕴存在时」意为:当五蕴存在,并以种种方式被分别认定时。「假名」即「有情」仅仅是一种假名而已。「苦」指五蕴之苦。「无离于苦」意为:除苦之外,无任何事物生起或灭去。第十经。
171. Dasame nayidha sattupalabbhatīti imasmiṃ suddhasaṅkhārapuñje paramatthato satto nāma na upalabbhati. Khandhesu santesūti pañcasu khandhesu vijjamānesu tena tenākārena vavatthitesu. Sammutīti sattoti samaññāmattameva hoti. Dukkhanti pañcakkhandhadukkhaṃ. Nāññatra dukkhāti ṭhapetvā dukkhaṃ añño neva sambhoti na nirujjhatīti. Dasamaṃ.
《相应部》注释
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