《石经》的注释巴利
1. Pāsāṇasuttavaṇṇanā
147 147. 第二品的第一篇中,“坐着”是指像前面所说的那样,在把握精勤努力时坐着。魔罗知道他这样安稳地坐着,心想“我要去打击他”,便走近了。“碎裂”:站在山顶上投掷出去。岩石没有间隙地互相撞击着掉落下来。“全部”:指完整的。“一切”是同一个意思的另一种说法。第一。巴利
147. Dutiyavaggassa paṭhame nisinnoti pubbe vuttanayeneva padhānaṃ pariggaṇhanto nisinno. Māropissa sukhanisinnabhāvaṃ ñatvā ghaṭṭayissāmīti upasaṅkamanto. Padālesīti pabbatapiṭṭhe ṭhatvā pavijjhi. Pāsāṇā nirantarā aññamaññaṃ abhihanantā patanti. Kevalanti sakalaṃ. Sabbanti tasseva vevacanaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ.
2. 《何为狮子经》的注释巴利
2. Kinnusīhasuttavaṇṇanā
148 148. 第二部经的注释中,“欲坏眼者”是指想要毁掉大众慧眼。然而他无法毁掉诸佛的慧眼,只能通过让大众听到或看到恐怖的景象来做到。“你以为自己胜利了吗?”——你难道以为“我是战胜的胜利者”吗?不要这样想,你并没有胜利。“于大众中”:指在八种大众之中。“得力者”:指证得十力的人。第二部经注释完毕。巴利
148. Dutiye vicakkhukammāyāti parisāya paññācakkhuṃ vināsetukamyatāya. Buddhānaṃ panesa paññācakkhuṃ vināsetuṃ na sakkoti, parisāya bheravārammaṇaṃ sāvento vā dassento vā sakkoti. Vijitāvī nu maññasīti kiṃ nu tvaṃ ‘‘vijitavijayo aha’’nti maññasi? Mā evaṃ maññi, natthi te jayo. Parisāsūti, aṭṭhasu parisāsu. Balappattāti dasabalappattā. Dutiyaṃ.
3. 《美好经》的注释巴利
3. Sakalikasuttavaṇṇanā
149 第三部经中,“是因迟钝而卧吗”:是因为内心迟钝、愚昧糊涂的状态吗?“还是耽著诗兴而卧”:是否像诗人构思诗作时,因作诗而陶醉,就这样躺着?你也是这样躺着的吗?“极繁多”:意思是很多。“你为何只是卧、只是躺着?”:为什么一直躺着,只是躺着呢?“通达义理后”:指领悟、证得义理。对我来说,所谓“未被摄受”——即缺少或缺失义理——根本不存在。“箭”:指锐利的长矛之箭。“醒时亦不畏惧”:就像有人在猛兽出没之路等处,醒着会感到害怕;但我即使醒着,也不会畏惧。“眠时亦不恐惧”:就像有人在猛兽出没之路等处,连睡觉都害怕;但我即使睡觉,也不害怕。“不令我后悔”:就像老师或弟子生病时,弟子因为还要诵习和问答,日日夜夜过去而心生后悔;但我不这样后悔。因为我没有任何未完成的事。因此说“我在任何地方都看不到损失”。第三部。巴利
149. Tatiye mandiyā nūti mandabhāvena momūhabhāvena. Udāhu kāveyyamattoti udāhu yathā kavi kabbaṃ cintento tena kabbakaraṇena matto sayati, evaṃ sayasi. Sampacurāti bahavo. Kimidaṃ soppase vāti kasmā idaṃ soppaṃ soppasiyeva? Atthaṃ sameccāti atthaṃ samāgantvā pāpuṇitvā. Mayhaṃ hi asaṅgaho nāma saṅgahavipanno vā attho natthi. Sallanti tikhiṇaṃ sattisallaṃ. Jaggaṃ na saṅketi yathā ekacco sīhapathādīsu jagganto saṅkati, tathā ahaṃ jaggantopi na saṅkāmi. Napi bhemi sottunti yathā ekacco sīhapathādīsuyeva supituṃ bhāyati, evaṃ ahaṃ supitumpi na bhāyāmi. Nānutapanti māmanti yathā ācariyassa vā antevāsikassa vā aphāsuke jāte uddesaparipucchāya ṭhitattā antevāsiṃ rattindivā atikkamantā anutapanti, evaṃ maṃ nānutapanti. Na hi mayhaṃ kiñci apariniṭṭhitakammaṃ nāma atthi. Tenevāha hāniṃ na passāmi kuhiñci loketi. Tatiyaṃ.
第4篇《似相经》的注释巴利
4. Patirūpasuttavaṇṇanā
150 150. 第四首偈的注释中,“于随顺与违逆中”:指在贪爱与嗔恚中。“你莫执著于此行持”:在这样行持佛法开示时,不要执著。因为说法者说法时,有些人称赞随喜,他对这些人就生起贪爱;有些人不恭敬地听,他对这些人就生起嗔恚。这样,说法者就叫做执著于随顺与违逆。世尊说:你不要这样执著。“当他教导他人时”:凡他教导另一人,那(即指此)。正觉者以利益悲悯众生,以利益而悲悯。正因为他是利益悲悯者,所以如来已从随顺与违逆中完全解脱。第四。巴利
150. Catutthe anurodhavirodhesūti rāgapaṭighesu. Mā sajjittho tadācaranti evaṃ dhammakathaṃ ācaranto mā laggi. Dhammakathaṃ kathentassa hi ekacce sādhukāraṃ dadanti, tesu rāgo uppajjati. Ekacce asakkaccaṃ suṇanti, tesu paṭigho uppajjati. Iti dhammakathiko anurodhavirodhesu sajjati nāma. Tvaṃ evaṃ mā sajjitthoti vadati. Yadaññamanusāsatīti yaṃ aññaṃ anusāsati, taṃ. Sambuddho hitānukampī hitena anupakampati. Yasmā ca hitānukampī , tasmā anurodhavirodhehi vippamutto tathāgatoti. Catutthaṃ.
5. 意经的注释巴利
5. Mānasasuttavaṇṇanā
151 151. 在第五经中,“即使在空中行走,也能把他绑住”——意思是能在空中行走的人。“绳索”——就是贪欲的绳索。“心的”——就是与心相应的。第五。巴利
151. Pañcame ākāse carantepi bandhatīti antalikkhacaro. Pāsoti rāgapāso. Mānasoti manasampayutto. Pañcamaṃ.
第6篇 钵经的注释巴利
6. Pattasuttavaṇṇanā
152 第六经中“依于五取蕴而作”这句,是执取五取蕴之后,按自性和共相等等不同方式加以分别开示。“令见”就是显示诸蕴的自性相等。“令受持”就是让人接受。“令策励”就是在接受上生起精勤。“令欢喜”就是以通达的功德使心清净、明亮。“作骨”就是当作有意义的、当作“这是我们应该证得的利益”,这样审察之后,对那番开示生起求利益的心。“作意”就是放在心里。“以全部心作意”就是以全部作业之心去作意。“倾耳而听”就是竖起耳朵。“如放在露地”就是为了晒干而放置。巴利
152. Chaṭṭhe pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ upādāyāti pañca upādānakkhandhe ādiyitvā, sabhāvasāmaññalakkhaṇavasena nānappakārato vibhajitvā dassento. Sandassetīti khandhānaṃ sabhāvalakkhaṇādīni dasseti. Samādapetīti gaṇhāpeti. Samuttejetīti samādānamhi ussāhaṃ janeti. Sampahaṃsetīti paṭividdhaguṇena vodāpeti jotāpeti. Aṭṭhiṃ katvāti atthikaṃ katvā, ‘‘ayaṃ no adhigantabbo attho’’ti evaṃ sallakkhetvā tāya desanāya atthikā hutvā. Manasi katvāti citte ṭhapetvā. Sabbacetaso samannāharitvāti sabbena tena kammakārakacittena samannāharitvā. Ohitasotāti ṭhapitāsotā. Abbhokāse nikkhittāti otāpanatthāya ṭhapitā.
色、受、想:这些就是色等三蕴。而“有为”这句话,是把行蕴也包括进来了。“像这样,他在那里离染”这一句,说的是:以“这不是我,这不是我的”这样观察的人,就在这些蕴上离染。“安稳”:指已经成为安稳的有身,这是显示果的特征。“遍寻”:在被称为有、生、趣、住、有情居的一切地方到处寻找。“不曾获得”:就是不曾见到。第六。巴利
Rūpaṃ vedayitaṃ saññānti, ete rūpādayo tayo khandhā. Yañca saṅkhatanti iminā saṅkhārakkhandho gahito. Evaṃ tattha virajjatīti ‘‘eso ahaṃ na homi, etaṃ mayhaṃ na hotī’’ti passanto evaṃ tesu khandhesu virajjati. Khemattanti khemībhūtaṃ attabhāvaṃ. Iminā phalakkhaṇaṃ dasseti. Anvesanti bhavayonigatiṭhitisattāvāsasaṅkhātesu sabbaṭṭhānesu pariyesamānā. Nājjhagāti na passīti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. 六触处经的注释巴利
7. Chaphassāyatanasuttavaṇṇanā
153 153. 在第七首偈颂中,“触处”是指六门触的诸处,因为它们是种种生起与汇聚的依处。“怖畏恐惧之声”是指像雷云轰鸣或霹雳落下那样能让人生起恐惧的声音。“大地仿佛崩裂”是说这大地好像发出了啪嗒啪嗒的响声。“世间于此昏迷”是说在这六种所缘当中,世间陷入迷执。“魔罗的境界”是指成为魔罗住处的三界轮回。第七首。巴利
153. Sattame phassāyatanānanti sañjātisamosaraṇaṭṭhena chadvārikassa phassassa āyatanānaṃ. Bhayabheravaṃ saddanti meghadundubhiasanipātasaddasadisaṃ bhayajanakaṃ saddaṃ. Pathavī maññe undrīyatīti ayaṃ mahāpathavī paṭapaṭasaddaṃ kurumānā viya ahosi. Ettha loko vimucchitoti etesu chasu ārammaṇesu loko adhimucchito. Māradheyyanti mārassa ṭhānabhūtaṃ tebhūmakavaṭṭaṃ. Sattamaṃ.
8. 《团食经》的注释巴利
8. Piṇḍasuttavaṇṇanā
154 154. 第八部中,“有宾客之礼”的意思是:在那种节庆日子里,会有该送往各处的宾客礼品,也就是赠给来客的礼物。到了自行游乐的那天,同岁、同族、同姓的童子们从各处聚到一起。女童们也按照各自家里的财力打扮起来,到处走动。在那里,女童们会向自己喜欢的童子送去礼物,童子们也会向女童们回赠,要是没有别的东西,至少也会用花环围上一圈。“附身”就是跟随、附入。据说那天有五百位女童正要去园林游玩,途中见到导师,本会供养节庆糕饼。导师为了随喜她们的布施,本会讲一部杂法;开示结束时,她们本会全都安立于入流果。魔罗心想“我要阻碍她们获得成就”,便附身而来。不过经文里只说到“别让沙门乔达摩得到施食”这么一句。巴利
154. Aṭṭhame pāhunakāni bhavantīti tathārūpe nakkhatte tattha tattha pesetabbāni pāhunakāni bhavanti, āgantukapaṇṇākāradānāni vā. Sayaṃcaraṇadivase samavayajātigottā kumārakā tato tato sannipatanti. Kumārikāyopi attano attano vibhavānurūpena alaṅkatā tahaṃ tahaṃ vicaranti. Tatra kumārikāyopi yathārucikānaṃ kumārakānaṃ paṇṇākāraṃ pesenti, kumārakāpi kumārikānaṃ aññasmiṃ asati antamaso mālāguḷenapi parikkhipanti. Anvāviṭṭhāti anu āviṭṭhā. Taṃdivasaṃ kira pañcasatā kumārikāyo uyyānakīḷaṃ gacchantiyo paṭipathe satthāraṃ disvā chaṇapūvaṃ dadeyyuṃ. Satthā tāsaṃ dānānumodanatthaṃ pakiṇṇakadhammadesanaṃ deseyya, desanāpariyosāne sabbāpi sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhaheyyuṃ. Māro tāsaṃ sampattiyā antarāyaṃ karissāmīti anvāvisi. Pāḷiyaṃ pana mā samaṇo gotamo piṇḍamalatthāti ettakaṃyeva vuttanti.
导师是因为不知道魔罗的阻挠才进去的吗?是的,是不知道才进去的。为什么不知道呢?因为没有作意。对诸佛来说,作意“我们会在某处得到食物,或者得不到食物”并非不合适。不过,他进去之后,看到人们的态度有些异常,就作意:“这是怎么回事?”知道以后,他觉得“为了食物去破除魔罗的阻挠是不合适的”,于是没有破除就离开了。巴利
Kiṃ pana satthā mārāvaṭṭanaṃ ajānitvā paviṭṭhoti? Āma ajānitvā. Kasmā? Anāvajjanatāya. Buddhānañhi – ‘‘asukaṭṭhāne bhattaṃ labhissāma, na labhissāmā’’ti āvajjanaṃ na ananucchavikaṃ. Paviṭṭho pana manussānaṃ upacārabhedaṃ disvā, ‘‘kiṃ ida’’nti? Āvajjento ñatvā, ‘‘āmisatthaṃ mārāvaṭṭanaṃ bhindituṃ ananucchavika’’nti abhinditvāva nikkhanto.
魔罗见世尊走遍全村,连一勺饭都没讨到,正要离开村子,就像战胜了敌人一样得意,于是化作村民的模样凑上前去。“我也要这么干”——他这是在说妄语。据说他心里盘算的是:“我这么一说,他肯定会再进村去,然后村里的孩子们就会嘲笑他:‘你在全村转了一圈,连一勺饭都没讨到,出了村又折回来。’”而世尊心想:“要是这家伙这样来烦我,他的脑袋当场就会裂成七瓣。”出于对魔罗的怜悯,世尊没有再进村,而是说了两首偈颂。巴利
Upasaṅkamīti amittavijayena viya tuṭṭho sakalagāme kaṭacchumattampi bhattaṃ alabhitvā gāmato nikkhamantaṃ bhagavantaṃ gāmiyamanussavesena upasaṅkami. Tathāhaṃ karissāmīti idaṃ so musā bhāsati. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi – ‘‘mayā evaṃ vutte puna pavisissati, atha naṃ gāmadārakā ‘sakalagāme caritvā kaṭacchubhikkhampi alabhitvā gāmato nikkhamma puna paviṭṭhosī’tiādīni vatvā uppaṇḍessantī’’ti. Bhagavā pana – ‘‘sacāyaṃ maṃ evaṃ viheṭhessati muddhamasseva sattadhā phalissatī’’ti tasmiṃ anukampāya apavisitvā gāthādvayamāha.
这里,“产生”是指生出、使出现。“冒犯”是指冲撞、触恼。“我的恶不会成熟”是指我造的恶业不会结果。“这是没有果报的”——你难道是这样想的吗?不要这样想,这是在说明:你所造的恶业是有果报的。“些许”是指能压垮人的东西,也就是贪染等这一类烦恼。“如同光音天一般”是指:就像光音天的天人们靠伴随喜的禅那维持生命,成为以喜为食者那样,我们也将成为那样。第八。巴利
Tattha pasavīti janesi nipphādesi. Āsajjāti āsādetvā ghaṭṭetvā. Na me pāpaṃ vipaccatīti mama pāpaṃ na paccati. Nipphalaṃ etanti kiṃ nu tvaṃ evaṃ maññasi? Mā evaṃ maññi, atthi tayā katassa pāpassa phalanti dīpeti. Kiñcananti maddituṃ samatthaṃ rāgakiñcanādi kilesajātaṃ. Ābhassarā yathāti yathā ābhassarā devā sappītikajjhānena yāpentā pītibhakkhā nāma honti, evaṃ bhavissāmāti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9. 农夫经的注释巴利
9. Kassakasuttavaṇṇanā
155 155. 在第九首偈颂中,“与涅槃相关的”:是指以涅槃为指向而说的。“头发乱作一团”:就是把前面的头发甩到后面,后面的头发甩到前面,左边的头发甩到右边,右边的头发甩到左边,这样反复拨弄,头发散乱不堪。“我的眼触所生之识处”:意思是与眼识相应的眼触,以及识处,都属于我。在这里,用“眼触”涵盖了与识相应的那些法,用“识处”涵盖了在眼门生起的一切转向识等。耳门等处也是同样的道理。至于意门,“意”是指包含转向的有分心。“法”是指作为所缘的法。“意触”是指与包含转向的有分心相应的触。“识处”是指速行心,彼所缘也包括在内。巴利
155. Navame nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāyāti nibbānaṃ apadisitvā pavattāya. Haṭahaṭakesoti purimakese pacchato, pacchimakese purato vāmapassakese dakkhiṇato, dakkhiṇapassakese vāmato pharitvā pharitvā vippakiṇṇakeso. Mama cakkhusamphassaviññāṇāyatananti cakkhuviññāṇena sampayutto cakkhusamphassopi viññāṇāyatanampi mamevāti. Ettha ca cakkhusamphassena viññāṇasampayuttakā dhammā gahitā, viññāṇāyatanena sabbānipi cakkhudvāre uppannāni āvajjanādiviññāṇāni. Sotadvārādīsupi eseva nayo. Manodvāre pana manoti sāvajjanakaṃ bhavaṅgacittaṃ. Dhammāti ārammaṇadhammā. Manosamphassoti sāvajjanena bhavaṅgena sampayuttaphasso. Viññāṇāyatananti javanacittaṃ tadārammaṇampi vaṭṭati.
邪恶者,那所谓的眼,就是世间被眼翳、白内障之类毛病所侵害,是种种疾病的温床,已经衰败朽坏,哪怕瞎了的眼睛也算在内——这一切全都归你好了。对色等外境,也是同样的道理。巴利
Taveva pāpima, cakkhūti yaṃ loke timirakācādīhi upaddutaṃ anekarogāyatanaṃ upakkavipakkaṃ antamaso kāṇacakkhupi, sabbaṃ taṃ taveva bhavatu. Rūpādīsupi eseva nayo.
他们宣称的东西:就是指人们说“这是我的”的那些物品。说“我的”的人:就是指那些开口说“我的”的人。如果在这些地方你的心还在——在这些事情上,如果还有心念存在——那么“沙门,你逃不出我”:沙门,你逃不出我的掌控范围。他们宣称的东西:他们宣称的那些物品,不是我的。宣称的人:那些这样说的人,他们也不是我。你也看不到我的路:在有、生、趣等种种轮回去处中,你也看不到我所走的路。第九。巴利
Yaṃ vadantīti yaṃ bhaṇḍakaṃ ‘‘mama ida’’nti vadanti. Ye vadanti mamanti cāti ye ca puggalā ‘‘mama’’nti vadanti. Ettha ce te mano atthīti etesu ca ṭhānesu yadi cittaṃ atthi. Na me samaṇa mokkhasīti samaṇa mayhaṃ visayato na muccissasi. Yaṃ vadantīti yaṃ bhaṇḍakaṃ vadanti, na taṃ mayhaṃ. Ye vadantīti yepi puggalā evaṃ vadanti, na te ahaṃ. Na me maggampi dakkhasīti bhavayonigatiādīsu mayhaṃ gatamaggampi na passasi. Navamaṃ.
10. 王权经的注释巴利
10. Rajjasuttavaṇṇanā
156 第十中,“不杀、不令杀”:自己不杀,也不让别人杀。“不偷、不令偷”:自己不偷,也不让别人偷。“不愁、不令愁”:自己不忧愁,也不让别人忧愁。世尊看到那些不如法的国王所统治的国土中,人民被棍棒刑罚所压迫,出于悲悯而这样思惟。“他走近”:魔王心想:“沙门乔达摩在思惟‘是否有可能行使王权?’他将会想要行使王权,而王权正是放逸之处,在行使王权时便能找到可乘之机,我去激发一下他的热忱吧。”这样想后,便走近了世尊。“神足”:指能成就的部分。“已修习”:已经培育增长。“已多作”:指反复修习。“已作为车乘”:像已经套好轭的车一样,能随时运用。“已作为基础”:成为稳固立足处的基础。“已随行”:未曾舍离,恒常相续。“已熟习”:经由持续不断的实践,达到了极为纯熟的地步,如同射手百发百中的手法。“已善精勤”:善巧地精进努力,修行得以圆满。“假如他决意”:假如他心中这样思惟。巴利
156. Dasame ahanaṃ aghātayanti ahanantena aghātayantena. Ajinaṃ ajāpayanti parassa dhanajāniṃ akarontena akārāpentena. Asocaṃ asocāpayanti asocantena asocāpayantena. Iti bhagavā adhammikarājūnaṃ rajje vijite daṇḍakarapīḷite manusse disvā kāruññavasena evaṃ cintesi. Upasaṅkamīti ‘‘samaṇo gotamo ‘sakkā nu kho rajjaṃ kāretu’nti cintesi, rajjaṃ kāretukāmo bhavissati, rajjañca nāmetaṃ pamādaṭṭhānaṃ, rajjaṃ kārente sakkā otāraṃ labhituṃ, gacchāmi ussāhamassa janessāmī’’ti cintetvā upasaṅkami. Iddhipādāti ijjhanakakoṭṭhāsā . Bhāvitāti vaḍḍhitā. Bahulīkatāti punappunaṃ katā. Yānīkatāti yuttayānaṃ viya katā. Vatthukatāti patiṭṭhaṭṭhenavatthukatā. Anuṭṭhitāti avijahitā niccānubaddhā. Paricitāti sātaccakiriyāya suparicitā katā issāsassa avirādhitavedhihattho viya. Susamāraddhāti suṭṭhu samāraddhā paripuṇṇabhāvanā. Adhimucceyyāti cinteyya.
“像山一样”:意思是应当像山那样。“就算两倍”:且不说一座山,就算两倍大的金山,对一个人来说也不够,不能满足——这就是这句话的意思。“因此智者应平等而行”:这样了知之后,就应平等而行。“苦从何因生”:所谓苦,是以五欲为因;他了知这苦是从什么因生起的。“他怎么会倾向”:那个众生对那些作为苦因的诸欲,有什么理由会倾向呢?“了知依着”:了知对五欲的依着——“这是结缚,这是粘着”——这样了知之后。“那众生便应学修断除它”:应当为了断除那个依着而修学。第十。巴利
Pabbatassāti pabbato bhaveyya. Dvittāvāti tiṭṭhatu eko pabbato, dvikkhattumpi tāva mahanto suvaṇṇapabbato ekassa nālaṃ, na pariyattoti attho. Iti vidvā samañcareti evaṃ jānanto samaṃ careyya. Yatonidānanti dukkhaṃ nāma pañcakāmaguṇanidānaṃ, taṃ yatonidānaṃ hoti, evaṃ yo adakkhi. Kathaṃ nameyyāti so jantu tesu dukkhassa nidānabhūtesu kāmesu kena kāraṇena nameyya. Upadhiṃ viditvāti kāmaguṇaupadhiṃ ‘‘saṅgo eso, lagganameta’’nti evaṃ viditvā. Tasseva jantu vinayāya sikkheti tasseva upadhissa vinayāya sikkheyya. Dasamaṃ.
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