问:贤友,在《正觉品》中,第五《哭泣经》世尊是如何宣说的?
Pucchā – sambodhavagge panāvuso pañcamaṃ ruṇṇasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在《正觉品》中,第五《哭泣经》是这样说的:“比丘们,在圣者的律法中,唱歌就是哭泣;比丘们,在圣者的律法中,跳舞就是疯狂;比丘们,在圣者的律法中,过度露齿大笑就是幼稚。所以,比丘们,要断除唱歌,断除跳舞;你们这些依法而欢喜的具念者,微笑就够了,只是微笑而已。”尊者,世尊就是这样说的。
Vissajjanā – sambodhavagge bhante pañcamaṃ ruṇṇasuttaṃ ‘‘ruṇṇamidaṃ bhikkhave ariyassa vinaye yadidaṃ gītaṃ, ummattakamidaṃ bhikkhave ariyassa vinaye yadidaṃ naccaṃ, komārakamidaṃ bhikkhave ariyassa vinaye yadidaṃ ativelaṃ dantavidaṃsakahasitaṃ. Tasmātiha bhikkhave setughāto gīte setughāto nacce, alaṃ vo dhammappamoditānaṃ sataṃ sitaṃ sitamattāyā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,就在同一处,世尊在何处针对谁、又是怎样宣说第七《不守护经》的呢?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ arakkhitasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:在舍卫城,尊者,世尊是针对给孤独长者而说的:“居士,心没有守护时,身业也没有守护,语业也没有守护,意业也没有守护。他的身业没有守护、语业没有守护、意业没有守护时,身业就漏泄,语业就漏泄,意业就漏泄。”世尊是以这样的方式宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante anātapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha ‘‘citte gahapati arakkhite kāyakammampi arakkhitaṃ hoti, vacīkammampi. Manokammampi arakkhitaṃ hoti. Tassa arakkhitakāyakammantassa arakkhitavacīkammantassa arakkhitamanokammantassa kāyakammampi avassutaṃ hoti, vacīkammampi avassutaṃ hoti, manokammampi avassutaṃ hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,在《恶趣品》中,第六《无讹经》,世尊是怎么说的?
Pucchā – āpāyikavagge āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ apaṇṇakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
回答:在《恶趣品》中,第六《无过失经》是世尊这样说的:“比丘们,有三种衰损。哪三种?戒衰损、心衰损、见衰损。比丘们,什么是戒衰损?比丘们,这里有人杀生……乃至……说杂秽语。比丘们,这称为戒衰损。”世尊就是以这样的方式宣说的。
Vissajjanā – āpāyikavagge bhante chaṭṭhaṃ apaṇṇakasuttaṃ ‘‘tisso imā bhikkhave vipattiyo. Katamā tisso sīlavipatti, cittavipatti, diṭṭhivipatti. Katamā ca bhikkhave sīlavipatti, idha bhikkhave ekacco pāṇātipātī hoti…pe… samphappalāpī hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave sīlavipattī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,在《拘尸那罗品》中,第一部《拘尸那罗经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – kusināravagge panāvuso paṭhamaṃ kusinārasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在拘尸那罗的送祭林丛中,世尊是针对众多比丘而说了这样的话:“诸比丘,在这里,有位比丘依止某个村落或城镇而住,然后有位居士或居士之子来到他那里,以明天的饭食邀请他……”等等。
Vissajjanā – kusinārāyaṃ bhante baliharaṇe vanasaṇḍe sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘idha bhikkhave bhikkhu aññataraṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati, tamenaṃ gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā upasaṅkamitvā svātanāya bhattena nimantetī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,就在那里,世尊是在什么地方、和谁一起、怎样宣说这第五《哈陀迦经》的呢?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso pañcamaṃ hatthakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kena saddhiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,世尊在舍卫城和手长者天子一起时,曾这样说:“手长者,你过去生为人的时候所具有的那些法,现在那些法还在吗?”等等。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante hatthakena devaputtena saddhiṃ ‘‘ye te hatthaka dhammā pubbe manussabhūtassa pavattino ahesuṃ, apinu te te dhammā etarahi pavattino’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
提问:贤友,就在那里,第八《阿那律经》是针对谁、由谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ anuruddhasuttaṃ kaṃ ārabbha kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,第八《阿那律经》是法将舍利弗长老针对具寿阿那律长老而说的,他说:“贤友阿那律,如果你心里这样想:‘我用清净、超越常人的天眼,观察一千个世界’,这就是你心里的慢。”
Vissajjanā – aṭṭhamaṃ bhante anuruddhasuttaṃ āyasmantaṃ anuruddhattheraṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā ‘‘yaṃ kho te āvuso anuruddhaṃ evaṃ hoti ‘ahaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sahassaṃ lokaṃ volokemī’ti, idaṃ te mānasmiṃ’’ti evamādinā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者阿那律,善哉!请你舍弃这三种法,不理会这三种法,把心导向不死界。
‘‘Sādhu vatāyasmā anuruddho ime tayo dhamme pahāya ime tayo dhamme amanasikaritvā amatāya dhātuyā cittaṃ upasaṃharatu’’ –
问:贤友,世尊……正自觉者在《增支部·三集·拘尸那罗品》中第九《隐覆经》是如何宣说的?
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye tikanipāte kusināravagge navamaṃ paṭicchannasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,第九《隐覆经》是这样说的:“比丘们,有三种东西隐藏起来才能带来利益,显露出来就不会。哪三种呢?比丘们,女人隐藏起来才能带来利益,显露出来就不会;比丘们,婆罗门的咒语隐藏起来才能带来利益,显露出来就不会;比丘们,邪见隐藏起来才能带来利益,显露出来就不会。比丘们,就是这三种东西隐藏起来才能带来利益,显露出来就不会。”世尊是这样说的。
Vissajjanā – navamaṃ bhante paṭicchannasuttaṃ ‘‘tīṇimāni bhikkhave paṭicchannāni āvahanti no vivaṭāni. Katamāni tīṇi, mātugāmo bhikkhave paṭicchanno āvahati no vivaṭo, brāhmaṇānaṃ bhikkhave mantā paṭicchannā āvahanti no vivaṭā, micchādiṭṭhi bhikkhave paṭicchannā āvahati no vivaṭā. Imāni kho bhikkhave tīṇi paṭicchannāni āvahanti no vivaṭānī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,就在同一处,第十《刻痕经》是世尊怎样说的?
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dasamaṃ lekhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,第十《刻痕经》是这样说的:“比丘们,世间存在这三种人。哪三种?像刻在石头上的痕、像刻在地上的痕、像刻在水上的痕的人。比丘们,什么样的人是像刻在石头上的痕呢?比丘们,在这里,有一类人经常发怒,而且他的愤怒长期潜伏。比丘们,就像刻在石头上的痕不会被风或水很快磨灭,能长久留存;同样地,比丘们,在这里,有一类人经常发怒,而且他的愤怒长期潜伏。比丘们,这就叫作像刻在石头上的痕的人。”世尊就是这样以种种方式说的。
Vissajjanā – dasamaṃ bhante lekhasuttaṃ ‘‘tayome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo, pāsāṇalekhūpamo puggalo pathavilekhūpamo puggalo udakalekhūpamo puggalo. Katamo ca bhikkhave pāsāṇa lekhūpamo puggalo, idha bhikkhave ekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati, so ca khvassa kodho dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave pāsāṇalekhā na khippaṃ lujjati vātena vā udakena vā, ciraṭṭhitikā hoti, evameva kho bhikkhave idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati, so ca khvassa kodho dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave pāsāṇalekhūpamo puggalo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,在战士品中,第五《毛发毡经》世尊是如何说的?
Pucchā – yodhājīvavagge pana āvuso pañcamaṃ kesakambalasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在《战士品》中,第五《毛发毡经》里,世尊是这样说的:“比丘们,就像所有编织而成的衣物中,毛发毡被认为是最差的。比丘们,毛发毡冷的时候冰冷,热的时候灼热,颜色难看,气味难闻,触感粗劣。同样地,比丘们,在各种沙门、婆罗门的学说中,末伽梨的学说被认为是最差的。”世尊就是以这样的比喻来说的。
Vissajjanā – yodhājīvavagge bhante pañcamaṃ kesakambalasuttaṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave yāni kānici tantāvutānaṃ vatthānaṃ, kesakambalo tesaṃ paṭikiṭṭho akkhāyati. Kesakambalo bhikkhave sīte sīto uṇhe uṇho dubbaṇṇo duggandho dukkhasamphasso. Evameva kho bhikkhave yānikānici puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇavādānaṃ, makkhalivādo tesaṃ paṭikiṭṭho akkhāyatīti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问:贤友,在吉祥品中,第九《礼敬经》是世尊如何宣说的?
Pucchā – maṅgalavagge panāvuso navamaṃ vandanāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
回答:尊者,在吉祥品中,第九《礼敬经》是这样说的:“比丘们,有三种礼敬。哪三种?以身、以语、以意。比丘们,这就是三种礼敬。”尊者,世尊就是这样宣说的。
Vissajjanā – maṅgalavagge bhante navamaṃ vandanāsuttaṃ ‘‘tisso imā bhikkhave vandanā. Katamā tisso, kāyena vācāya manasā. Imā kho bhikkhave tisso vandanā’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘们,有三种礼敬。哪三种?以身礼敬、以语礼敬、以意礼敬。比丘们,这就是三种礼敬。
‘‘Tisso imā bhikkhave vandanā. Katamā tisso, kāyena vācāya manasā. Imā kho bhikkhave tisso vandanā’’.
问:于此,贤友,第十《午前经》是世尊怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – tattho āvuso dasamaṃ pubbaṇhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
回答——尊者,第十《午前经》是这样的:“比丘们,那些在午前时分以身行善、以语行善、以意行善的众生,比丘们,那些众生的午前是美好的。比丘们,那些在正午时分……(中略)……在傍晚时分以身行善、以语行善、以意行善的众生,比丘们,那些众生的傍晚是美好的。”尊者,世尊就是这样说的。
Vissajjanā – dasamaṃ bhante pubbaṇhasuttaṃ ‘‘ye bhikkhave sattā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ kāyena sucaritaṃ caranti, vācāya sucaritaṃ caranti, manasā sucaritaṃ caranti. Supubbaṇho bhikkhave tesaṃ sattānaṃ. Ye bhikkhave sattā majjhanhikasamayaṃ…pe… sāyanhasamayaṃ kāyena sucaritaṃ caranti, vācāya sucaritaṃ caranti, manasā sucaritaṃ caranti. Susāyanho bhikkhave tesaṃ sattāna’’nti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
善星宿、善吉祥,善破晓、善安立;
这是善的刹那,也是善的时刻,于梵行者中供养亦是善。
Sunakkhattaṃ sumaṅgalaṃ, suppabhātaṃ suhuṭṭhitaṃ; Sukhaṇo sumuhutto ca, suyiṭṭhaṃ brahmacārisu.
问:贤友,在四集篇的婆罗村品中,第一部《随觉经》是世尊、导师针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pucchā – catukkanipāte pana āvuso bhaṇḍagāmavagge paṭhamaṃ anubuddhasuttaṃ bhagavatā sattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
回答——尊者,在跋耆国的婆罗村,世尊针对众多比丘这样说:“诸比丘,因为对四种法没有随觉、没有通达,我和你们就这样在这条漫长的路上流转、轮回。是哪四种呢?诸比丘,因为对圣戒没有随觉、没有通达,我和你们就这样在这条漫长的路上流转、轮回;诸比丘,因为对圣定……诸比丘,因为对圣慧……诸比丘,因为对圣解脱没有随觉、没有通达,我和你们就这样在这条漫长的路上流转、轮回。”尊者,世尊就是这样宣说的。
Vissajjanā – vajjīsu bhante bhaṇḍagāme sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘catunnaṃ bhikkhave dhammānaṃ ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ, ariyassa bhikkhave sīlassa ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Ariyassa bhikkhave samādhissa…. Ariyāya bhikkhave paññāya…. Ariyāya bhikkhave vimuttiyā ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañcā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊所说的第六《少闻经》是怎么说的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ appassutasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在那里,世尊宣说了第六《少闻经》:“比丘们,世间存在四种人。是哪四种?少闻而对所闻无所成就的人,少闻而对所闻有所成就的人,多闻而对所闻无所成就的人,多闻而对所闻有所成就的人。”
Vi – tattha bhante chaṭṭhaṃ appassutasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, appassuto sutena anupapanno, appassuto sutena upapanno, bahussuto sutena anupapanno, bahussuto sutena upapanno’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在《行品》中,世尊是如何宣说第一《行经》的?
Pu – caravagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ carasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在《行品》中,世尊这样宣说了第一《行经》:“比丘们,如果比丘在行走时,生起欲寻、瞋寻或害寻,而这位比丘却忍受它,不舍弃、不驱除、不灭尽、不令它归于无有……”
Vi – caravagge bhante paṭhamaṃ carasuttaṃ ‘‘carato cepi bhikkhave bhikkhuno uppajjati kāmavitakko vā byāpādavitakko vā vihiṃsāvibhatto vā, taṃ ce bhikkhu adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṃ gametī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,正自觉者在《增支部》四集《优楼频螺品》中,是如何宣说第三《世间经》的?
Pu – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte uruvelavagge tatiyaṃ lokasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在《优楼频螺品》中,世尊宣说了第三《世间经》:“比丘们,世间已被如来彻底觉悟,如来已从世间解脱。比丘们,世间的集起已被如来彻底觉悟,如来已断除世间的集起。比丘们,世间的灭尽已被如来彻底觉悟,如来已证得世间的灭尽。比丘们,通向世间灭尽之道已被如来彻底觉悟,如来已修习通向世间灭尽之道。”世尊就是这样宣说的。
Vi – uruvelavagge bhante tatiyaṃ lokasuttaṃ ‘‘loko bhikkhave tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasmā tathāgato visaṃyutto, lokasamudayo bhikkhave tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasamudayo tathāgatassa pahīno, lokanirodho bhikkhave tathāgatena abhisambuddho lokanirodho tathāgatassa sacchikato, lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā bhikkhave tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, lokanirodhagāmini paṭipadā tathāgatassa bhāvitā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
已调御者,是调御他人者中的至尊;
已寂静者,是令他人寂静者中的仙人。
自身已解脱者,在能令解脱者中最殊胜。
已度脱者,是能度人者中最殊胜的——
彻底了知整个世间,
如实看清世间的一切。
彻底脱离了一切世间。
对一切世间都不执著。
他确实征服了一切,是位智者,
彻底解脱一切结缚。
被问者的至上寂静,
涅槃无有从何处来的恐惧。
这位诸漏已尽者就是佛陀,
他没有苦恼,已经断除了一切疑惑。
已经达到一切业的灭尽,
在诸依着灭尽时获得解脱。
这位就是那位世尊,佛陀。
这位就是无与伦比的狮子。
包括天神在内的世间
他让梵轮转动了起来。
就这样,天人们和人们,
凡是已经皈依佛陀的人,
大家聚集在一起,向他礼敬,
伟大而无所畏惧者。
已调御的人,在能调御他人的人当中最为殊胜,
已寂静的人,在能令寂静的人当中是仙人。
在能使人解脱的人当中,他自己已得解脱,是最殊胜的。
已度脱者,在能度人者当中最为殊胜。
因此,人们这样礼敬他,
伟大而无所畏惧者;
在包括天众的世间里,
对我来说,没有同等之人。
Danto damayataṃ seṭṭho, Santo samayataṃ isi; Mutto mocayataṃ aggo, Tiṇṇo tārayataṃ varo– Sabbaṃ lokaṃ abhiññāya, Sabbaṃ loke yathātathaṃ; Sabbaṃ lokaṃ visaṃyutto, Sabbaloke anūpayo. Sa ve sabbābhibhū dhīro, Sabbaganthappamocano; Puṭṭha’ssa paramā santi, Nibbānaṃ akuto bhayaṃ. Esa khīṇāsavo buddho, Anīgho chinnasaṃsayo; Sabbakammakkhayaṃ patto, Vimutto upadhisaṅkhaye; Esa so bhagavā buddho, Esa sīho anuttaro; Sadevakassa lokassa, Brahmacakkaṃ pavattayī. Iti devā manussā ca, Ye buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā; Saṅgamma taṃ namassanti, Mahantaṃ vītasāradaṃ. Danto damayataṃ seṭṭho, Santo samayataṃ isi; Mutto mocayataṃ aggo, Tiṇṇo tārayataṃ varo. Iti hetaṃ namassanti, Mahantaṃ vītasāradaṃ; Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, Natthi me paṭipuggalo–
贤友,就在那里,世尊是怎么说第五梵行经的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso pañcamaṃ brahmacariyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,第五《梵行经》是世尊这样说的:“比丘们,这种梵行不是为了欺骗人而修,不是为了讨好奉承人而修,不是为了得到利养、恭敬和名声而修,不是为了摆脱别人议论而修,也不是为了让人如此知道‘我’而修。比丘们,这种梵行是为了守护、为了断除、为了离欲、为了灭尽而修。”世尊就是以这样的方式宣说了这部经。
Vi – pañcamaṃ bhante brahmacariyasuttaṃ ‘‘nayidaṃ bhikkhave brahmacariyaṃ vussati janakuhanatthaṃ, na janalapanatthaṃ, na lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsuttaṃ , na itivādappamokkhānisaṃsatthaṃ, na ‘iti maṃ jano jānātū’ti. Atha kho idaṃ bhikkhave brahmacariyaṃ vussati saṃvaratthaṃ pahānatthaṃ virāgatthaṃ nirodhattha’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在这里,第八《圣种经》是世尊如何宣说的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ ariyavaṃsasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,就在这里,第八《圣种经》中,世尊这样说道:“比丘们,有四种圣种,是最初的、久远的、传统的、古老的,不曾混杂,过去不曾混杂,将来也不会混杂,不会被沙门、婆罗门和智者所呵责。是哪四种呢?比丘们,在这里,一位比丘满足于任何衣服,也称赞满足于任何衣服,不因为衣服而做出非法、不恰当的行为;没有得到衣服时不焦虑,得到衣服后不贪著、不迷恋、不沉溺,看见它的过患,以出离的智慧来受用;而且不因为满足于任何衣服就赞叹自己、贬低别人。比丘们,凡是在这方面善巧、不懒惰、具足正知、能够应对的人,就被称为安住在最初、古老的圣种中的比丘。”世尊就是这样说的,等等。
Vi – tattheva bhante aṭṭhamaṃ ariyavaṃsasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave ariyavaṃsā aggaññā rattaññā vaṃsaññā porāṇā, asaṃkiṇṇā asaṃkiṇṇapubbāna saṃkīyissanti, appaṭikuṭṭhā samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. Katame cattāro, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati, aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na paritassati, laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhopanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati, tāya ca pana itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā nevattānukkaṃseti no paraṃ vambheti. Yo hi tattha dakkho analaso sampajāno paṭissabho, ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave bhikkhu porāṇe aggaññe ariyavaṃse ṭhito’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在轮品中,世尊是怎样宣说第一部《轮经》的?
Pu – cakkavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ cakkasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,在轮品中,第一部《轮经》是世尊这样说的:“比丘们,有这四种轮。具足这些轮的天与人,四轮得以运转;具足这些轮的天与人,不久就在财富上达到广大和丰盛。是哪四种?住在适宜的地方、亲近善士、自己端正立志,以及过去所造的福。”世尊以此等方式宣说。
Vi – cakkavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ cakkasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave cakkāni, yehi samannāgatānaṃ devamanussānaṃ catucakkaṃ vattati, yehi samannāgatā devamanussā nacirasseva mahantattaṃ vepullattaṃ pāpuṇanti bhogesu. Katamāni cattāri, patirūpadesavāso sappurisāvassayo attasammāpaṇidhi pubbe ca katapuññatā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是如何宣说第二部《摄事经》的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso dutiyaṃ saṅgahasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
毗答:尊者,就在那里,世尊开示了第二部《摄事经》,内容是:“比丘们,有四种摄事。哪四种?布施、爱语、利行、同事。”
Vi – tattheva bhante dutiyaṃ saṅgahasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave saṅgahavatthūni. Katamāni cattāri, dānaṃ peyyavajjaṃ atthacariyā samānattatā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,进一步,当时,世尊是如何宣说第三部《狮子经》的?
Pu – bhattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ sīhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,就在那里,第三部《狮子经》中,世尊是这样说的:“比丘们,狮子是兽王。傍晚时分,它从栖息处出来;从栖息处出来后,便伸展身体;伸展身体后,便环视四方;环视四方后,便发出三遍狮子吼;发出三遍狮子吼后,便出发去觅食。”
Vi – tattheva bhante tatiyaṃ sīhasuttaṃ ‘‘sīho bhikkhave migarājā sāyanusamayaṃ āsayā nikkhamati, āsayā nikkhamitvā vijambhati, vijambhitvā samantā catuddisā anuviloketi, samantā catuddisā anuviloketvā tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ nadati, tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ naditvā gocarāya pakkamatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,那位世尊……正自觉者在《增支部》第四集《轮品》中的第六《多那经》里,是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为缘由、又是怎么说的?
Pu – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte cakkavagge chaṭṭhaṃ doṇasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
毗问:尊者,这部经是从炬立城到塞多毗耶之间的路上,针对度那婆罗门而说的。尊者,度那婆罗门曾对世尊这样说:“尊者,您会成为天人吗?”尊者,就在那个事项上,世尊才用“婆罗门,我不会成为天人”这样的话等来宣说。
Vi – antarā ca bhante ukkaṭṭhaṃ antarā ca setabyaṃ doṇaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Doṇo bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘devo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘na kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇa devo bhavissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤者们,这真是奇妙啊!贤者们,这真是未曾有啊!这些足迹肯定不是人类能留下的。
‘‘Acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho, na vatimāni manussabhūtassa padāni bhavissanti’’.
尊者您会成为我们的天人吗?
‘‘Devo no bhavaṃ bhavissati’’.
婆罗门,我不会成为天人。
‘‘Na kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇa devo bhavissami’’.
尊者您会成为乾闼婆吗?
‘‘Gandhabbo no bhavaṃ bhavissati’’.
婆罗门,我不会成为乾闼婆。
‘‘Na kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇa gandhabbo bhavissāmi’’.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是如何宣说第九《伍迦亚经》的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ ujjayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
毗答:尊者,第九《伍迦亚经》中,世尊是这样说的:“婆罗门,我并不是称赞一切祭祀,但婆罗门,我也不是不称赞一切祭祀。婆罗门,那种祭祀里,牛被杀害,山羊和绵羊被杀害,鸡和猪被杀害,各种生命遭到杀戮。”
Vi – navamaṃ bhante ujjayasuttaṃ ‘‘na kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ yaññaṃ vaṇṇemi, na panāhaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ yaññaṃ na vaṇṇemi. Yathārūpe kho brāhmaṇa yaññe gāvo haññanti, ajeḷakā haññanti, kukkuṭasūkarā haññanti, vividhā pāṇā saṅghātaṃ āpajjantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
难道乔达摩尊者也称赞祭祀吗?
‘‘Bhavampi no gotamo yaññaṃ vaṇṇeti’’.
定修习经
Samādhibhāvanāsutta
贤友,世尊在《普罗希塔沙品》中是怎样开示第一定修习经的?
Pu – rohitassavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ samādhibhāvanāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在《罗希塔沙品》中,世尊开示了第一定修习经:“比丘们,有四种定修习。哪四种?比丘们,有一种定修习,已修习、多修习,能带来现法乐住;比丘们,有一种定修习,已修习、多修习,能带来智见的获得;比丘们,有一种定修习,已修习、多修习,能带来念与正知;比丘们,有一种定修习,已修习、多修习,能带来诸漏的灭尽。”世尊就是以这样的方式开示的。
Vi – rohitassavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ samādhibhāvanāsuttaṃ ‘‘catasso imā bhikkhave samādhibhāvanā, katamā catasso, atthi bhikkhave samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārāya saṃvattati, atthi bhikkhave samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā ñāṇadassanappaṭilābhāya saṃvattati, atthi bhikkhave samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satisampajaññāya saṃvattati, atthi bhikkhave samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā āsavānaṃ khayāya saṃvattatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
Pu,贤友,就在那里,世尊是怎样宣说第二问答经的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso dutiyaṃ pañhabyākaraṇasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,就在那里,世尊这样开示了第二部《问记经》:“比丘们,有四种问记。哪四种呢?比丘们,有一种问应当一向记;比丘们,有一种问应当分别记;比丘们,有一种问应当反问后再记;比丘们,有一种问应当搁置不答。”世尊就是以这样的方式开示的。
Vi – tattheva bhante dutiyaṃ pañhabyākaraṇasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave pañhabyākaraṇāni. Katamāni cattāri, atthi bhikkhave pañho ekaṃsabyākaraṇīyo, atthi bhikkhave pañho vibhajjabyākaraṇīyo, atthi bhikkhave pañho paṭipucchābyākaraṇīyo, atthi bhikkhave pañho ṭhapanīyo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第三同住经
Tatiyasaṃvāsasutta
贤友,在福德流品中,第三共住经是世尊在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pu – puññābhisandavagge pana āvuso tatiyaṃ saṃvāsasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在《福德流品》中,第三《共住经》是世尊在摩偷罗与毗兰若之间,针对众多居士和居士女而说的:“居士们,有这四种共住。哪四种?卑劣的男子与卑劣的女子共住;卑劣的男子与天女共住;天男与卑劣的女子共住;天男与天女共住。”世尊就是以这一类说法来开示的。
Vi – puññābhisandavagge bhante tatiyaṃ saṃvāsasuttaṃ antarā ca madhuraṃ antarā ca verañjaṃ sambahule gahapatayo ca gahapatāniyo ca ārabbha ‘‘cattārome gahapatayo saṃvāsā. Katame cattāro, chavo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati, chavo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati, devo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati, devo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一 同活经
Paṭhamasamajīvīsutta
朋友,那位世尊、无师自悟者,在增支部第四集《福德流品》中,是怎样开示第五《同活经》的?
Pu – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte puññābhisandavagge pañcamaṃ samajīvisuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,第五《同活经》中,世尊这样说道:“居士们,如果夫妻二人都希望今生能彼此相见,来生也能彼此相见,那么二人就应当具有同样的信心、同样的戒行、同样的施舍、同样的智慧。这样,他们今生就能彼此相见,来生也能彼此相见。”
Vi – pañcamaṃ bhante samajīvisuttaṃ ‘‘ākaṅkheyyuṃ ce gahapatayo ubho jānipatayo diṭṭhe ceva dhamme aññamaññaṃ passituṃ, abhisamparāyañca aññamaññaṃ passituṃ, ubhova assu samasaddhā samasīlā samacāgā samapaññā, te diṭṭhe ceva dhamme aññamaññaṃ passanti, abhisamparāyañca aññamaññaṃ passantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在《应作之事品》中,第二《无债乐经》是世尊在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pu – pattakammavagge pana āvuso dutiyaṃ ānaṇyasukhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
在《应作之事品》中,第二《无债乐经》是世尊在舍卫城,针对给孤独居士而说的。经文说:“居士,有四种乐,是居家享受欲乐的人可以适时、应机获得的。哪四种?拥有之乐、受用之乐、无债之乐、无过失之乐。”世尊就是这样开示的。
Vi – pattakammavagge bhante dutiyaṃ ānaṇyasukhasuttaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha ‘‘cattārimāni gahapati sukhāni adhigamanīyāni gihinā kāmabhoginā kālena kālaṃ samayena samayaṃ upādāya. Katamāni cattāri, atthisukhaṃ bhogasukhaṃ anaṇyasukhaṃ anavajjasukha’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
知道了无债的快乐,也知道了拥有财富的快乐;
凡人享受受用带来的快乐,然后以慧去观察;
具慧修观者,了知斯二边;
无咎之妙乐,十六分不及。
Ānaṇyasukhaṃ ñatvāna, atho atthisukhaṃ paraṃ; Bhuñjaṃ bhogasukhaṃ macco, tato paññā vipassati; Vipassamāno jānāti, ubho bhāge sumedhaso; Anavajjasukhassetaṃ, kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasiṃ–
贤友,在《无过失品》中,第三《善士经》是世尊如何宣说的?
Pu – apaṇṇakavagge pana āvuso tatiyaṃ sappurisasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在《无过失品》中,世尊这样宣说了第三《善士经》:“比丘们,具足四种法的人,应当知道他就是不善士。是哪四种呢?比丘们,在这里,不善士即使没有被问,也会揭露别人的过失,更何况被问的时候呢?”
Vi – apaṇṇakavagge bhante tatiyaṃ sappurisasuttaṃ ‘‘catūhi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato asappuriso veditabbo. Katamehi catūhi, idha bhikkhave asappuriso yo hoti parassa avaṇṇo taṃ apuṭṭhopi pātu karoti ko pana vādo puṭṭhassā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
我们要以像刚进门的新媳妇那样的心态来安住。
Adhunāgatavadhukāsamena cetasā viharissāma’’ –
贤友,就在那里,世尊是怎样宣说第七《不可思议经》的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ acinteyyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,第七《不可思议经》是世尊这样说的:“比丘们,有这四种不可思议,不应该去思惟,如果去思惟,就会陷入疯狂和苦恼。是哪四种呢?比丘们,诸佛的佛境界不可思议,不应该去思惟,如果去思惟,就会陷入疯狂和苦恼……”世尊就是以这样的方式宣说的。
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante acinteyyasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave acinteyyāni na cintetabbāni, yāni cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assa. Katamāni cattāri, buddhānaṃ bhikkhave buddhavisayo acinteyyo na cintetabbo, yaṃ cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,那么,在不动摇品中,第五《暗暗经》世尊是如何宣说的呢?
Pu – macalavagge pana āvuso pañcamaṃ tamotamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在不动品中,第五部《暗暗经》里,世尊这样说道:“比丘们,世间存在四种人。是哪四种?从暗走向暗的人、从暗走向明的人、从明走向暗的人、从明走向明的人。”世尊就是以这样的方式等宣说的。
Vi – macalavagge bhante pañcamaṃ tamotamasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, tamotamaparāyaṇo, tamojotiparāyaṇo, jotitamaparāyaṇo, jotijotiparāyaṇo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
朋友,那位世尊……正自觉者在《增支部》四集〈阿修罗品〉中的第一《阿修罗经》里,是怎么说的?
Pu – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte asuravagge paṭhamaṃ asurasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在阿修罗品中,第一是《阿修罗经》。世尊在那里以如此等方式这样说:“比丘们,世间存在四种人。是哪四种?阿修罗伴阿修罗众、阿修罗伴天众、天伴阿修罗众、天伴天众。”
Vi – asuravagge bhante paṭhamaṃ asurasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, asuro asuraparivāro, asuro devaparivāro, devo asuraparivāro, devo devaparivāro’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是怎么宣说第四定经的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ samādhisuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,世尊是这样宣说第四定经的:“比丘们,世间存在四种人。哪四种呢?比丘们,在这里,有一种人获得了内心的止,但没有获得增上慧法的观。比丘们,在这里,又有一种人获得了增上慧法的观,但没有获得内心的止。比丘们,在这里,又有一种人既没有获得内心的止,也没有获得增上慧法的观。比丘们,在这里,又有一种人既获得了内心的止,也获得了增上慧法的观。”
Vi – catutthaṃ bhante samādhisuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, idha bhikkhave ekacco puggalo lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Idha pana bhikkhave puggalo lābhī hoti adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa. Idha pana bhikkhave ekacco puggalo na ceva lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na ca lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Idha pana bhikkhave ekacco puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是如何宣说第六调伏贪经的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ rāgavinayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答:尊者,第六《调伏贪经》中,世尊这样宣说:“比丘们,世间确实存在四种人。哪四种?为自己利益而行、不为他人利益而行的人;为他人利益而行、不为自己利益而行的人;既不为自己的利益而行、也不为他人利益而行的人;既为自己的利益而行、也为他人利益而行的人。”
Vi – chaṭṭhaṃ bhante rāgavinayasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, attahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya, parahitāya paṭipanno no attahitāya, nevattahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya, attahitāya ceva paṭipanno parahitāya cā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第一云经
Paṭhamavalāhakasutta
贤友,那么,在云品中,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、又是怎样宣说第一部云经的呢?
Pu – valāhakavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ valāhakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答——在舍卫城,尊者,世尊以众多比丘为对象而这样说:“诸比丘,有这四种云。哪四种?只打雷不下雨,只下雨不打雷,既不打雷也不下雨,既打雷又下雨。诸比丘,这就是四种云。同样地,诸比丘,世间存在着四种像云一样的人。哪四种?只打雷不下雨,只下雨不打雷,既不打雷也不下雨,既打雷又下雨。”
Vi – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave valāhakā. Katame cattāro, gajjitā no vassitā, vassitā no gajjitā, neva gajjitā no vassitā, gajjitā ca vassitā ca. Ime kho bhikkhave cattāro valāhakā. Evameva kho bhikkhave cattāro valāhakūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjāmānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, gajjitā no vassitā, vassitā no gajjitā, neva gajjitā no vassitā, gajjitā ca vassitā cā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
蒲——贤友,就在这里,世尊是怎样宣说第四《水塘经》的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ udakarahadasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
毗——尊者,第四《水塘经》。世尊这样宣说:“比丘们,有四种水塘。哪四种?浅而看起来深、深而看起来浅、浅而看起来浅、深而看起来深。比丘们,这就是四种水塘。同样地,比丘们,世间确实存在四种像水塘一样的人。哪四种?浅而看起来深、深而看起来浅、浅而看起来浅、深而看起来深。”
Vi – catuttha bhante udakarahadasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave udakarahadā. Katame cattāro, uttāno gambhīrobhāso, gambhīro uttānobhāso, uttāno uttānobhāso, gambhīro gambhīrobhāso, ime kho bhikkhave cattāro udakarahadā. Evameva kho bhikkhave cattāro udakarahadūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, uttāno gambhīrobhāso, gambhīro uttānobhāso, uttāno uttānobhāso, gambhīro gambhīrobhāso’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
蒲——贤友,就在那里,世尊是怎样宣说第七《鼠经》的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ mūsikasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
毗:尊者,第七《鼠经》中,世尊这样说道:“比丘们,有四种老鼠。哪四种?会打洞却不居住、居住却不打洞、既不打洞也不居住、既打洞又居住。比丘们,这就是四种老鼠。同样地,比丘们,世间确实存在着四种像老鼠一样的人。哪四种?会打洞却不居住的、居住却不打洞的、既不打洞也不居住的、既打洞又居住的。”
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante mūsikasuttaṃ ‘‘catasso imā bhikkhave mūsikā. Katamā catasso, gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, vasitā no gādhaṃ kattā, neva gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, gādhaṃ kattā ca vasitā ca. Imā kho bhikkhave catasso mūsikā. Evameva kho bhikkhave cattāro mūsikūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, vasitā no gādhaṃ kattā, neva gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, gādhaṃ kattā ca vasitā cā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
蒲:贤友,我也要从《增支部》里挑出几部经来提问,好让大众增长听闻。贤友,在已结集的《增支部》第四集云品中,第八《公牛经》,世尊是怎么说的?
Pu – saṃgītāpi āvuso aṅguttaranikāyato kānici suttāni uddharitvā paṭipucchissāmi bahujanassa sutavuḍḍhiyā. Saṃgīte āvuso aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte valāhakavagge aṭṭhamaṃ balībaddhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
毗:尊者,在云品中,第八《公牛经》里,世尊这样说道:“比丘们,有四种公牛。哪四种?在自己牛群里凶暴、在别人牛群里不凶暴的;在别人牛群里凶暴、在自己牛群里不凶暴的;在自己牛群里也凶暴、在别人牛群里也凶暴的;在自己牛群里不凶暴、在别人牛群里也不凶暴的。比丘们,这就是四种公牛。同样地,比丘们,世间存在着四种像公牛一样的人。”
Vi – valāhakavagge bhante aṭṭhamaṃ balībaddhasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave balībaddhā. Katame cattāro, sagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo, paragavacaṇḍo no sagavacaṇḍo, sagavacaṇḍo ca paragavacaṇḍo ca, neva sagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo. Ime kho bhikkhave cattāro balībaddhā. Evameva kho bhikkhave cattāro balībaddhūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在凯西品中,第一《凯西经》是世尊针对谁、以什么为因缘、怎样宣说的?
Pu – kesivagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ kesisuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,这部经是针对驯马师凯西所说的。尊者,驯马师凯西曾这样问世尊:“尊者,世尊是无上调御丈夫,那么,尊者,世尊是怎样调御应受调御的人呢?”尊者,就是在这个因缘下,世尊说道:“凯西,我用柔和的方式调御应受调御的人,也用严厉的方式调御,也用既柔和又严厉的方式调御。凯西,其中柔和的方式是这样的:这是身善行,这是身善行的果报;这是语善行,这是语善行的果报;这是意善行,这是意善行的果报;这是天,这是人。”
Vi – kesiṃ bhante assadammasārathiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Kesi bhante assadammasārathi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘bhagavā pana bhante anuttaro purisadammasārathi, kathaṃ pana bhante bhagavā purisadammaṃ vinetī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ahaṃ kho kesi purisadammaṃ saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi, saṇhapharusenapi vinemi. Tatridaṃ kesi saṇhasmiṃ – iti kāyasucaritaṃ iti kāyasucaritassa vipāko, iti vacīsucaritaṃ iti vacīsucaritassa vipāko, iti manosucaritaṃ iti manosucaritassa vipāko, iti devā iti manussā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
偈尸,你被称为驯马师,那么你是怎么调御马匹的呢?
‘‘Tvaṃ khosi kesi paññāto assadammasārathīti, kathaṃ pana tvaṃ kesi assadammasārathi’’ –
尊者,我确实用柔和的方式调伏该调伏的马,也用严厉的方式调伏,还用柔和与严厉兼具的方式调伏。
‘‘Ahaṃ kho bhante assadammaṃ saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi, saṇhapharusenapi vinemi’’ –
如果给西,你那匹应当被调伏的马,用柔和的方式调伏不了,用粗暴的方式调伏不了,用柔和与粗暴兼具的方式也调伏不了,那你拿它怎么办?
‘‘Sace te kesi assadammo saṇhena vinayaṃ na upeti, pharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, saṇhapharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, kinti naṃ karosi’’ –
尊者,世尊是无与伦比的调御丈夫。那么,尊者,世尊是怎样调御应被调御之人的呢?
‘‘Bhagavā pana bhante anuttaro purisadammasārathi, kathaṃ pana bhante bhagavā purisadammaṃ vineti’’ –
尊者,世尊确实不允许杀生,可世尊却这样说:“给西,我杀他。”
Na 0.0087 kho bhante bhagavato pāṇātipāto kappati, atha ca pana bhagavā evamāha ‘‘hanāmi naṃ kesī’’ti.
贤友,在《怖畏品》中,世尊是怎样宣说第一《自责经》的?
Pu – bhayavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ attānuvādasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在《怖畏品》中,世尊宣说了第一《自责经》:“比丘们,有这四种恐惧。哪四种?自谴责的恐惧、他人谴责的恐惧、刑罚的恐惧、恶趣的恐惧。”
Vi – bhayavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ attānuvādasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave bhayāni. Katamāni cattāri, attānuvādabhayaṃ parānuvādabhayaṃ daṇḍabhayaṃ duggatibhaya’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
《说法者经》
Dhammakathikasutta
贤友,现在为了增长大众的多闻,我将从已结集的《增支部》中选取几部经来提问。贤友,在已结集的《增支部·四集·人品》中,第九《说法者经》,世尊是如何宣说的?
Pu – idāni āvuso bahujanassa sutavuḍḍhiyā saṃgītā aṅguttaranikāyatopi kānici suttāni uddharitvā paṭipucchissāmi, saṃgīte āvuso aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte puggalavagge navamaṃ dhammakathikasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在《人品》中,世尊这样宣说了第九《说法者经》:“比丘们,有这四种说法者。哪四种呢?比丘们,在这里,有一种说法者说得少,而且说得不契理,他的会众又对契理和不契理都不善巧。比丘们,这样的说法者,对于这样的会众,就只算是有说法者之名而已。”
Vi – puggalavagge bhante navamaṃ dhammakathikasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave dhammakathikā. Katame cattāro, idha bhikkhave ekacco dhammakathiko appañca bhāsati asahitañca, parisā cassa na kusalā hoti sahitāsahitassa. Evarūpo bhikkhave dhammakathiko evarūpāya parisāya dhammakathikotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,世尊在《根品》中又是怎么宣说第七《病经》的呢?
Pu – indriyavagge pana āvuso sattamaṃ rogasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,第七《病经》里,世尊这样说过:“比丘们,有两种病。哪两种呢?身病和心病。比丘们,世间能看到有些众生,就身病而言,能自称一年没病,两年、三年、四年、五年、十年、二十年、三十年、四十年、五十年、一百年,甚至更久都没病。可是,比丘们,除了漏尽的人以外,能就心病而自称哪怕片刻没病的众生,在这世间实在太难遇到了。”世尊就是以这类方式来说的。
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante rogasuttaṃ ‘‘dveme bhikkhave rogā. Katame dve, kāyiko ca rogo, cetasiko ca rogo. Dissanti bhikkhave sattā kāyikena rogena ekampi vassaṃ ārogyaṃ paṭijānamānā dvepi vassāni tīṇipi vassāni cattāripi vassāni pañcapi vassāni dasapi vassāni vīsampi vassāni tiṃsampi vassāni cattārīsampi vassāni paññāsampi vassāni ārogyaṃ paṭijānamānā vassasatampi bhiyyopi ārogyaṃ paṭijānamānā. Te bhikkhave sattā sudullabhā lokasmiṃ, ye cetasikena rogena muhuttampi ārogyaṃ paṭijānanti aññatra khīṇāsavehī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比丘们,出家人有四种病。
Cattārome 0.0096 bhikkhave pabbajitassa rogā.
贤友,在《行道品》中,第十《双连经》是在哪里、针对谁、由谁、又是怎样宣说的?
Pu – paṭipadāvagge āvuso dasamaṃ yuganaddhasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在憍赏弥,针对众多比丘,持法藏者具寿阿难长老这样说:“贤友,任何比丘或比丘尼在我面前宣称证得阿拉汉果,他们全都是通过四道,或通过这四道中的某一道。”
Vi – kosambiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘yo hi koci āvuso bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā mama santike arahattappattiṃ byākaroti, sabbo so catūhi maggehi etesaṃ vā aññatarenā’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在《婆罗门品》中,第二《担保经》世尊是如何宣说的?
Pu – brāhmaṇavagge pana āvuso dutiyaṃ pāṭibhogasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在《婆罗门品》中,第二《担保经》是世尊这样说的:“比丘们,有四种法,没有任何人能为其作担保,无论是沙门、婆罗门、天人、魔罗、梵天神,还是世间任何其他众生。”
Vi – brāhmaṇavagge bhante dutiyaṃ pāṭibhogasuttaṃ ‘‘catunnaṃ bhikkhave dhammānaṃ natthi koci pāṭibhogo samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmi’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在这里,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么为因由、又是怎样宣说第三《所闻经》的呢?
Pu – tattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ sutasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,这部经是世尊在王舍城,针对摩揭陀国大臣雨行婆罗门而说的。尊者,雨行婆罗门摩揭陀国大臣曾对世尊这样说:“乔达摩贤者,我持这样的说法、这样的见解:不管是谁,把自己所见说出来——‘我所见是这样’,这没有过错;不管是谁,把自己所闻说出来——‘我所闻是这样’,这没有过错。”尊者,关于这件事,世尊说:“婆罗门,我不说一切所见都该说出来,但婆罗门,我也不说一切所见都不该说出来;婆罗门,我不说一切所闻都该说出来,但婆罗门,我也不说一切所闻都不该说出来。”世尊就是以这样等话语来宣说的。
Vi – rājagahe bhante vassakāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ magadhamahāmattaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Vassakāro bhante brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ahañhi bho gotama evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi yo koci diṭṭhaṃ bhāsati ‘evaṃ me diṭṭha’nti, natthi tato doso. Yo koci sutaṃ bhāsati ‘evaṃ me suta’nti, natthi tato doso’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘nāhaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ diṭṭhaṃ ‘bhāsitabba’nti vadāmi, na panāhaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ diṭṭhaṃ ‘na bhāsitabba’nti vadāmi, nāhaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ sutaṃ ‘bhāsitabba’nti vadāmi, na panāhaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ sutaṃ ‘na bhāsitabba’nti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在增支部四集婆罗门品中,第四《无畏经》是世尊针对谁、以什么为因缘、怎样宣说的?
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso catukkanipāte brāhmaṇavagge catutthaṃ abhayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在婆罗门品中,第四《无畏经》是围绕生闻婆罗门而宣说的。尊者,生闻婆罗门曾对世尊这样说:“没有谁具有死的本性,却能不害怕、不产生对死亡的恐惧。”尊者,就是针对这件事,世尊以“婆罗门,有的众生具有死的本性,会害怕、会产生对死亡的恐惧;婆罗门,但也有的众生具有死的本性,却不害怕、不产生对死亡的恐惧”等话语作了宣说。
Vi – brāhmaṇavagge bhante catutthaṃ abhayasuttaṃ jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Jāṇussoṇi bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘natthi yo maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘atthi brāhmaṇa maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa. Atthi pana brāhmaṇa maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,大品中的第一《随耳所闻经》,世尊是怎么宣说的?
Pu – mahāvagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ sotānugatasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在大品中,第一篇《随耳所闻经》是世尊这样说的:“比丘们,对于随耳所闻、以言语反复温习、以心意反复观察、以见解善加通达的诸法,可以预期四种利益。”
Vi – mahāvagge bhante paṭhamaṃ sotānugatasuttaṃ ‘‘sotānugatānaṃ bhikkhave dhammānaṃ vacasā paricitānaṃ manasānupekkhitānaṃ diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhānaṃ cattāro ānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
这正是那个法与律——我过去曾在那里修习梵行。
Ayaṃ vā so dhammavinayo, yatthāhaṃ pubbe brahmacariyaṃ acariṃ.
贤友,在增支部四集大品中,第三跋提经是世尊在哪里、针对谁、以什么因由、怎样宣说的?
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso catukkanipāte mahāvagge tatiyaṃ bhaddiyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,这是在毗舍离,针对离车人跋提所说的。尊者,离车人跋提曾对世尊这样说:“尊者,我听说过:‘沙门乔达摩是幻术师,懂得一种诱转的幻术,用它来诱转其他外道的弟子。’尊者,那些说‘沙门乔达摩是幻术师,懂得一种诱转的幻术,用它来诱转其他外道的弟子’的人……尊者,我们并不想诽谤世尊。”尊者,就在这件事上,世尊这样开示:“来吧,跋提,不要因为传闻,不要因为代代相传,不要因为传说,不要因为经典传承,不要因为推理,不要因为推论,不要因为思辨考察,不要因为见解审察认可,不要因为表面看似合理,不要因为‘这位沙门是我们的师长’。跋提,当你们自己亲自了知:‘这些法是不善的,这些法是有过失的,这些法是智者所呵责的,这些法完全执取后会带来不利和痛苦’时,跋提,那时你们就应当舍弃。”世尊就是以这样等方式宣说的。
Vi – vesāliyaṃ bhante bhaddiyaṃ licchavi ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhaddiyo bhante licchavi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ bhante ‘māyāvī samaṇo gotamo āvaṭṭaniṃ māyaṃ jānāti, yāya aññatitthiyānaṃ sāvake āvaṭṭetī’ti. Ye te bhante evamāhaṃsu ‘māyāvī samaṇo gotamo āvaṭṭaniṃ māyaṃ jānāti, yāya aññatitthiyānaṃ sāvake āvaṭṭetī’ti…pe… anabbhakkhātukāmā hi mayaṃ bhante bhagavanta’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘etha tumhe bhaddiya mā anussavena mā paramparāya mā itikirāya mā piṭakasampadānena mā takkahetu mā nayahetu mā ākāravitakkena mā diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā mā bhabbarūpatāya mā samaṇo no garūti. Yadā tumhe bhaddiya attanāva jāneyyātha ‘ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññū garahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantī’ti. Atha tumhe bhaddiya pajaheyyāthā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,当这场开示宣说的时候,离车人跋提得到了什么样的闻法利益呢?世尊又是怎样通过反问追问他,从而解开他那些话的呢?
Pu – imissā ca pana āvuso desanāya desitāya bhaddiyassa licchavissa kīdiso dhammasavanānisaṃso adhigato. Kathañca naṃ bhagavā anuyuñjitvā taṃ vacanaṃ viniveṭhesi.
尊者,当这个法教宣说时,离车人跋提获得了被称为入流果的闻法利益。尊者,难道世尊不曾以“来吧,跋提,你做我的弟子,我做你的导师”等语这样问他、追问他,从而解开他的那些话吗?
Vi – imissā bhante dhammadesanāya desitāya bhaddiyassa licchavissa sotāpattiphalasaṅkhāto dhammasavanānisaṃso adhigato. Api nu tāhaṃ bhaddiya evaṃ avacaṃ ‘‘ehi me tvaṃ bhaddiya sāvako hohi, ahaṃ satthā bhavissāmī’’ti evamādinā ca naṃ bhante bhagavā paṭipucchitvā anuyuñjitvā taṃ vacanaṃ viniveṭhesi.
《玛丽卡王后经》
Mallikādevīsutta
贤友,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为缘由、怎样宣说第七部《末利夫人经》的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ mallikādevīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
毗:在舍卫城,针对末利夫人而说。末利夫人问世尊:“尊者,是什么因、什么缘,使得有些女人容貌丑陋、身形难看、极其不堪入目,而且贫穷、财物极少、受用微薄、没有威势……尊者,又是什么因、什么缘,使得有些女人容貌端正、好看、令人欢喜、具足殊胜美妙的肤色,而且富有、大富、受用丰厚、有大威势?”尊者,就在这个事由中,世尊以“末利,这里女人容易发怒、常常恼怒……”等语作了开示。
Vi – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante mallikādeviṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Mallikā bhante devī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco mātugāmo dubbaṇṇā ca hoti durūpā supāpikā dassanāya, daliddā ca hoti appassakā appabhogā appesakkhā ca…pe… ko pana bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco mātugāmo abhirūpā ca hoti dassanīyā pāsādikā paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgatā, aḍḍhā ca hoti mahaddhanā mahābhogā mahesakkhā cā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘idha mallike mātugāmo kodhanā hoti upāyāsabahulā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在《增支部》第四集《善士品》中,世尊是怎样宣说第四《十业经》的?
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso catukkanipāte sappurisavagge catutthaṃ dasakammasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
毗:在《善士品》中,尊者,第四《十业经》是世尊这样说的:“比丘们,我要为你们讲说非善士,以及比非善士更非善士的人;也要讲说善士,以及比善士更善士的人。你们要听,要好好作意!”
Vi – sappurisavagge bhante catutthaṃ dasakammasuttaṃ ‘‘asappurisañca vo bhikkhave desessāmi asappurisena asappurisatarañca sappurisañca sappurisena sappurisatarañca, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karothā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,在《众会品》的第一部《众会经》中,世尊是如何宣说的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso parisāvagge paṭhamaṃ parisāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在《众会品》中,第一部《众会经》里,世尊这样宣说:“比丘们,有四种败坏众会的人。哪四种呢?比丘们,戒行败坏、品性恶劣的比丘是败坏众会的人;比丘们,戒行败坏、品性恶劣的比丘尼是败坏众会的人;比丘们,戒行败坏、品性恶劣的近事男是败坏众会的人;比丘们,戒行败坏、品性恶劣的近事女是败坏众会的人。比丘们,这四种就是败坏众会的人。”
Vi – parisāvagge bhante paṭhamaṃ parisāsuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave parisadūsanā. Katame cattāro, bhikkhu bhikkhave dussīlo pāpadhammo parisadūsano, bhikkhunī bhikkhave dussīlā pāpadhammā parisadūsanā, upāsako bhikkhave dussīlo pāpadhammo parisadūsano, upāsikā bhikkhave dussīlā pāpadhammā parisadūsanā. Ime kho bhikkhave cattāro parisadūsanā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在第五集中,第一《有学力品》里,第一部《略经》是世尊在哪里、针对谁、怎样宣说的?
Pu – pañcakanipāte pana āvuso paṭhame sekhabalavagge paṭhamaṃ saṃkhittasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
答(义注):尊者,在舍卫城,世尊就众多比丘而宣说:“诸比丘,有五种有学力。哪五种?信力、惭力、愧力、精进力、慧力。诸比丘,这就是五种有学力。”——以上便是世尊以如是等语所作的宣说。
Vi – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave sekhabalāni. Katamāni pañca, saddhābalaṃ hirībalaṃ ottappabalaṃ vīriyabalaṃ paññābalaṃ. Imāni kho bhikkhave pañca sekhabalānī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是怎么宣说第三苦经的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ dukkhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,第三是苦经:“比丘们,具足五法的比丘,在现世中住于苦,伴随着恼害、伴随着忧恼、伴随着热恼,身体坏散、死后,可以预期堕入恶趣。是哪五法呢?比丘们,在这里,比丘没有信心、没有惭、没有愧、懈怠、慧劣。”世尊以这样的方式等宣说。
Vi – tatiyaṃ bhante dukkhasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ viharati savighātaṃ saupāyāsaṃ sapariḷāhaṃ kāyassa ca bhedā paraṃ maraṇā duggati pāṭikaṅkhā. Katamehi pañcahi, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu asaddho hoti ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, kusīto hoti, duppañño hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是如何宣说第六等至经的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ samāpattisuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,关于第六等至经,世尊这样宣说:“比丘们,只要对善法的信还现前,就不会有不善的等至。可是,比丘们,当信消失,不信生起并持续存在时,不善的等至就出现了。”世尊便是以如此等语宣说此经的。
Vi – chaṭṭhaṃ bhante samāpattisuttaṃ ‘‘na tāva bhikkhave akusalassa samāpatti hoti, yāva saddhā paccupaṭṭhitā hoti kusalesu dhammesu. Yato ca kho bhikkhave saddhā antarahitā hoti asaddhiyaṃ pariyuṭṭhāya tiṭṭhati, atha akusalassa samāpatti hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是怎样宣说第七欲经的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ kāmasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,第七《欲经》是这样的:世尊说:“比丘们,大多数众生都沉迷在欲乐里。比丘们,一个良家子弟放下犁耙,离开家,出家过没有家的生活,因为信心而出家,这样的人就足以被称为‘因信心出家的良家子弟’。”世尊就是用这样等的话来宣说的。
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante kāmasuttaṃ ‘‘yebhuyyena bhikkhave sattā kāmesu laḷitā. Asitabyābhaṅgiṃ bhikkhave kulaputto ohāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti, saddhāpabbajito kulaputtoti alaṃ vacanāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
在《增支部》第五集五支品中,世尊是如何宣说第六《解脱处经》的?
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye pañcakanipāte pañcaṅgikavagge chaṭṭhaṃ vimuttāyatanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,在五支品中,第六是《解脱处经》。世尊这样说:“比丘们,有这五种解脱处。在其中,比丘不放逸、热忱、精勤地安住时,未解脱的心或得到解脱,未灭尽的诸漏或得到灭尽,未证得的无上轭安稳或得到证得。”世尊以这样的话等来宣说。
Vi – pañcaṅgikavagge bhante chaṭṭhaṃ vimuttāyatanasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave vimuttāyatanāni, yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā vā āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattaṃ vā anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是怎样宣说第九《经行经》的呢?
Pu – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ caṅkamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,第九《经行经》是这样说的:“比丘们,经行有五种利益。哪五种呢?能耐受长途行走,能耐受精进修行,少病,所吃、所喝、所嚼、所尝的东西都能正确消化,由经行所得的定能长久保持。比丘们,这就是经行的五种利益。”尊者,世尊确实是这样说的。
Vi – navamaṃ bhante caṅkamasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave caṅkame ānisaṃsā. Katame pañca, addhānakkhamo hoti, padhānakkhamo hoti, appābādho hoti, asitaṃ pītaṃ khāyitaṃ sāyitaṃ sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchati, caṅkamādhigato samādhi ciraṭṭhitiko hoti. Ime kho bhikkhave pañca caṅkame ānisaṃsā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在苏玛那品中,第一部《苏玛那经》是由世尊在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为因由、怎样宣说的?
Pu – sumanavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ sumanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,这是发生在舍卫城,针对苏玛那王女所说的。尊者,苏玛那王女对世尊这样说:“世尊,假如世尊有两位弟子,信心相同、戒行相同、智慧相同,一个做布施,一个不做布施。他们身体坏灭、死后都投生到善趣天界。尊者,他们成为天神之后,有没有差别、有没有不同呢?”尊者,关于这件事,世尊这样说道:“苏玛那,那个做布施的人,成为天神后,在五个方面胜过那个不做布施的人:天寿、天色、天乐、天名、天威德。苏玛那,那个做布施的人,成为天神后,就是在这五个方面胜过那个不做布施的人。”尊者,世尊就是以这样的话等来宣说这件事的。
Vi – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sumanaṃ rājakumāriṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sumanā bhante rājakumārī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idhassu bhante bhagavato dve sāvakā samasaddhā samasīlā samapaññā eko dāyako eko adāyako. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyuṃ. Devabhūtānaṃ pana nesaṃ bhante siyā viseso siyā nānākaraṇa’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yo so sumane dāyako, so amhaṃ adāyakaṃ devabhūto samāno pañcahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti, dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena dibbena sukhena dibbena yasena dibbena ādhipateyyena. Yo so sumane dāyako, so amhaṃ adāyakaṃ devabhūto samāno imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhātī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
“就像一轮没有污垢的月亮,运行在虚空中;
他在世间所有星群中,以光明胜过。
同样,具足戒行、有信仰的男子,也是如此。
在世间一切吝啬的人当中,他凭布施而格外闪耀。”
‘‘Yathāpi cando vimalo, gacchaṃ ākāsadhātuyā; Sabbe tārāgaṇe loke, ābhāya atirocati; Tatheva sīlasampanno, saddho purisapuggalo; Sabbe maccharino loke, cāgena atirocati’’–
贤友,就在那里,第三《郁伽经》是世尊在何处、针对谁、以什么为因缘、怎样宣说的呢?
Pu – tattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ uggahasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
毗婆尸(毗答):尊者,第三篇是《郁伽经》,是世尊在跋提城,因面达咖之孙郁伽而说的。尊者,面达咖之孙郁伽对世尊这样说:“尊者,我这些少女要嫁到夫家去了,请世尊教导她们,请世尊教诫她们,让她们长久得到利益和安乐。”尊者,在这个事缘中,世尊说道:“因此,少女们,你们应当这样学:父母出于利益之心、求善益之心、悲悯之心,以悲悯把你们交给丈夫。对丈夫,我们要早起、晚睡、听从吩咐、行为合意、言语可爱。少女们,你们应当这样学。”世尊就是这样等说的。
Vi – tatiyaṃ bhante uggahasuttaṃ bhaddiye uggahaṃ meṇḍakanattāraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Uggaho bhante meṇḍakanattā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘imā me bhante kumāriyo patikulāni gamissanti, ovadatu tāsaṃ bhante bhagavā, anusāsatu tāsaṃ bhante bhagavā, yaṃ tāsaṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tasmātiha kumāriyo evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ’’ yassa vo mātāpitaro bhattuno dassanti atthakāmā hitesino anukampakā anukampaṃ upādāya, tassa bhavissāma pubbuṭṭhāyino pacchānipātiniyo kiṃ kārapaṭissāviniyo manāpacāriniyo piyavādiniyo’ti. Evañhi vo kumāriyo sikkhitabba’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,在《增支部·五集·苏玛那品》中,第四《狮子将军经》,世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以什么事为缘由、又是怎样说的?
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso pañcakanipāte sumanavagge catutthaṃ sīhasenāpatisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
毗答:尊者,这是世尊在毗舍离城,因狮子将军而说的。尊者,狮子将军向世尊这样说:“尊者,能不能开示现见的布施果报?”尊者,在这件事上,世尊说道:“能的,狮子。狮子,布施者、施主为众人所喜爱、所悦意。”等等。
Vi – vesāliyaṃ bhante sīhaṃ senāpatiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sīho bhante senāpati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sakkā nu kho bhante sandiṭṭhikaṃ dānaphalaṃ paññāpetu’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sakkā sīha, dāyako sīha dānapati bahuno janassa piyo hoti manāpo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是怎样宣说第六《适时施经》的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ kāladānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,第六经《适时布施经》里,世尊这样说道:“比丘们,有五种适时的布施。哪五种呢?布施给来客,布施给远行的人,布施给病人,在闹饥荒时布施,还有新收的谷物、新结的果实,先拿来供养持戒的人。比丘们,这就是五种适时的布施。”——世尊就是这样说的,等等。
Vi – chaṭṭhaṃ bhante kāladānasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave kāladānāni. Katamāni pañca, āgantukassa dānaṃ deti, gamikassa dānaṃ deti, gilānassa dānaṃ deti, dubbhikkhe dānaṃ deti, yāni tāni navasassāni navaphalāni, tāni paṭhamaṃ sīlavantesu patiṭṭhāpeti. Imāni kho bhikkhave pañca kāladānānī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是怎么说第七《食物经》的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ bhojanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,第七《食物经》里,世尊这样说道:“比丘们,布施食物的人,是在给接受者五种东西。哪五种呢?给寿命,给容貌,给快乐,给力气,给辩才。给了寿命之后,他就分享到寿命——无论是天界的还是人间的。”等等。
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante bhojanasuttaṃ ‘‘bhojanaṃ bhikkhave dadamāno dāyako paṭiggāhakānaṃ pañca ṭhānāni deti. Katamāni pañca, āyuṃ deti, vaṇṇaṃ deti, sukhaṃ deti, balaṃ deti, paṭibhānaṃ deti. Āyuṃ kho pana datvā āyussa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
贤友,就在那里,世尊是如何说第九《子经》的?
Pu – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ puttasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
毗陀:尊者,第九篇《子经》:“比丘们,父母观察到五种情况,就希望儿子生在家里。是哪五种呢?
Vi – navamaṃ bhante puttasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave ṭhānāni sampassanto mābhāpitaro puttaṃ icchanti kule jāyamānaṃ. Katamāni pañca,
“他会养活我们,会替我们做事,家族血脉会延续很久,他会继承家业。”像这样一类话,是世尊说过的。
Bhato vā no bharissati, kiccaṃ vā no karissati, kulavaṃso ciraṃ ṭhassati, dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.