根本五十经篇
Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi
结集的问答
Saṃgāyanassa pucchā vissajjanā
问：第一次大结集时，诸法结集者大迦叶等大长老们在结集了《长部》之后，接着结集的圣教名为什么？
Pucchā – paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle āvuso dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā dīghanikāyaṃ saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ kiṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
答：尊者，第一次大结集时，诸法结集者大迦叶等大长老们在结集了《长部》之后，接着结集了名为《中部》的圣教。
Vissajjanā – paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle bhante dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā dīghanikāyaṃ saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ majjhimaṃ nāma nikāyaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
问：贤友，所谓中部，依五十经篇分为三种：根本五十经篇、中五十经篇和后五十经篇。他们最先结集的是哪一五十经篇？
Pucchā – majjhimanikāyo nāma āvuso mūlapaṇṇāsako majjhima paṇṇāsako uparipaṇṇāsakoti paṇṇāsakavasena tividho, tattha kataraṃ paṇṇāsakaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
答：尊者，在三部《五十篇》中，结集法的诸大长老最先结集了名为《根本五十经篇》的圣教。
Vissajjanā – tīsu bhante paṇṇāsakesu mūlapaṇṇāsakaṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ dhammasaṃgāhakā mahātheravarā paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
问：朋友，《根本五十经篇》中也有五品与五十经，其中最先结集的是哪一品、哪一经？
Pucchā – mūlapaṇṇāsakepi āvuso pañcavaggā paṇṇāsa ca suttāni, tesu kataraṃ vaggaṃ katarañca suttaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
答：尊者，在《根本五十经篇》的五品中，最先结集的是《根本法门品》；在五十经中，最先结集的是《根本法门经》。
Vissajjanā – mūlapaṇṇāsake bhante pañcasu vaggesu paṭhamaṃ mūlapariyāyavaggaṃ paṇṇāsakesu ca suttesu paṭhamaṃ mūlapariyāyasuttaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
善哉，朋友！我们从今往后，也循结集之法，着手展开问答之事。
Sādhu āvuso mayampi dāni tatoyeva paṭṭhāya saṃgītipubbaṅgamāni pucchāvissajjanakiccāni kātuṃ samārabhāma.
根本法门经
Mūlapariyāyasutta
问——贤友，由知者、见者，世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者所说的《根本法门经》，是在何处、针对何人、以何事为因缘而宣说的呢？
Pucchā – tena āvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena mūlapariyāyasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，此经于郁伽吒城，针对五百位婆罗门家族的出家者而宣说。尊者，那五百位婆罗门家族出家的比丘，因执著于教理的学习而生起了慢心。尊者，世尊正是以此事为因缘而说此经。
Vissajjanā – ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ bhante pañcasate brāhmaṇakulā pabbajite ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, pañcasatā bhante brāhmaṇakulā pabbajitā bhikkhū pariyattiṃ nissāya mānaṃ uppādesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问——贤友，那部经是世尊以多少轮、多少内含句分解宣说的？
Pucchā – taṃ panāvuso suttaṃ bhagavatā katihi vārehi katihi ca antogadhapadehi vibhajitvā bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，那部《根本法门经》是世尊以八轮、二十四内含句分解开示的。
Vissajjanā – taṃ pana bhante mūlapariyāyasuttaṃ bhagavatā aṭṭhahi ca vārehi catuvīsatiyā ca antogadhapadehi vibhajitvā desitaṃ.
问——贤友，第二部《一切漏经》是世尊在何处、因何人而宣说的？
Pucchā – dutiyaṃ panāvuso sabbāsavasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，《一切漏经》是世尊在舍卫城，针对众多比丘而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sabbāsavasuttaṃ pana bhante bhagavatā sāvatthiyaṃ sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
问——贤友，在那里，世尊将诸漏以几种方式分别开示？
Pucchā – tatthāvuso bhagavatā āsavā katihi pakārehi vibhajitvā dassitā.
答——尊者，世尊是以七种方式分别开示诸漏的。
Vissajjanā – sattahi bhante pakārehi vibhajitvā āsavā bhagavatā pakāsitā.
法嗣经
Dhammadāyādasutta
问——贤友，《法嗣经》是世尊于何处、针对何人、以何事为因缘而宣说的？
Pucchā – dhammadāyādasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，此经宣说于舍卫城，针对众多比丘。那时，世尊与比丘僧团获得了极大的利养与恭敬，便依此因缘而说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, bhagavato ca bhante bhikkhusaṅghassa ca tadā mahālābhasakkāro udapādi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问——尊者，此中有两种连贯。其中，在第一种连贯中，世尊如何给予比丘们教诫？
Pucchā – tatthāvuso dve anusandhayo, tesu paṭhame anusandhimhi kathaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.
答曰——尊者，在第一种开示因缘中，世尊曾这样教诫比丘们：‘诸比丘，你们应当成为法的继承者，不要成为财物的继承者。我对你们心怀悲悯，如何才能让我的弟子们成为法的继承者，而非财物的继承者呢？’
Vissajjanā – paṭhame bhante anusandhimhi dhammadāyādā me bhikkhave bhavatha mā āmisadāyādā, atthi me tumhesu anukampā, kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ no āmisadāyādāti evamādinā bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.
诸比丘，你们应当成为法的继承者，不要成为财物的继承者。我对你们心怀悲悯：怎样才能让我的弟子们成为法的继承者，而不是财物的继承者呢？
Dhammadāyādā me bhikkhave bhavatha mā āmisadāyādā, atthi me tumhesu anukampā kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā.
问曰——尊者，在第二段开示因缘中，法将、具寿舍利弗长老是如何分别阐明法说的呢？
Pucchā – dutiye panāvuso anusandhimhi āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā kīdisī dhammadesanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
答曰——尊者，其次，在第二段衔接中，当导师独处而住、诸弟子未随学远离时，法将舍利弗长老以三种方式予以呵责；对随学者，则以三种方式予以赞叹；继而分别阐明了十六种恶法，以及为断除这些恶法的中道。
Vissajjanā – dutiye pana bhante anusandhimhi āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakānaṃ vivekaṃ ananusikkhataṃ tīhi ṭhānehi gārayutaṃ, anusikkhantānañca tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsataṃ, soḷasa ca pāpake dhamme tesañca pahānāya majjhimā paṭipadā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
怖畏经
Bhayabheravasutta
问曰——然则，尊者，《怖畏经》是世尊于何处、因何人、依何事而宣说的？
Pucchā – bhayabheravasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答曰——尊者，是在舍卫城，针对婆罗门佳奴索尼而说的。尊者，婆罗门佳奴索尼来到世尊跟前，这样说道：“乔达摩尊者，那些出于对乔达摩尊者的信心，从在家出家而过无家生活的善男子们，乔达摩尊者是他们的先行者，乔达摩尊者是他们的……”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, jāṇussoṇi bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘ye me bho gotama kulaputtā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ uddissa saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, bhavaṃ tesaṃ gotamo pubbaṅgamo, bhavaṃ
乔达摩对他们多有助益，尊者乔达摩是他们的劝导者，而对尊者乔达摩，那群人便随顺所见而行。尊者，这便是依此事缘而说的。
Tesaṃ gotamo bahukāro, bhavaṃ tesaṃ gotamo samādapetā, bhoto ca pana gotamassa sā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjatī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者，请问这部《无垢经》是在何处、针对谁、由谁所说？
Pucchā – anaṅgaṇasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena bhāsitaṃ.
尊者，此经在舍卫城，是法将、具寿舍利弗尊者针对众多比丘而说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
问：“友，《愿求经》是世尊在何处、针对何人而说的呢？”
Pucchā – ākaṅkheyyasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答：“尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘而说。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
问：“友，《衣喻经》是世尊在何处、针对何人而说的呢？”
Pucchā – vatthasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答：这是世尊在舍卫城，针对众多比丘而说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
问：贤友，《削减经》是世尊在何处、针对何人、就何事而说的？
Pucchā – sallekhasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，这是在舍卫城，针对尊者大纯陀而说的。尊者大纯陀来到世尊那里，对世尊这样说：‘世尊，世间生起种种见，有的与自我论相关，有的与世界论相关。世尊，比丘如果作意这些见的初始，是否就能断除这些见、舍弃这些见呢？’世尊正是针对此事而说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ mahācundaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā mahācundo bhante bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘yā imā bhante anekavihitā diṭṭhiyo loke uppajjanti, attavādapaṭisaṃyuttā vā lokavādapaṭisaṃyuttā vā, ādimeva nu kho bhante bhikkhuno manasikaroto evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo hotī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问：友，对此，世尊分别阐明了几种差别，又明示了多少内摄词？
Pucchā – tattha ca āvuso kati pariyāyā kati ca antogadhapadāni bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.
答：尊者，对此，世尊详尽地宣说了五种差别、四十四项内摄词。
Vissajjanā – tattha bhante pañca pariyāyā catucattālīsa ca antogadhapadāni bhagavatā vitthārena bhāsitāni.
问：友，《正见经》是在何处、针对何人、由谁所说？
Pucchā – sammādiṭṭhisuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，此经是法将舍利弗长老在舍卫城，针对众多比丘宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
问：贤友，这是谁说的话？
Pucchā – kassa āvuso vacanaṃ.
答：尊者，这是世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者的话语。
Vissajjanā – bhagavato bhante vacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa.
问：贤友，这是由何人传来的？
Pucchā – kenāvuso ābhataṃ.
答：尊者，这是辗转传承而来的。
Vissajjanā – paramparāya bhante ābhataṃ.
大念处经
Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasutta
问：贤友，这部《大念处经》因对瑜伽行者多有饶益，古代的结集者们曾在长部及此处的两部尼柯耶中先后两次结集并详细确立。我们已依长部中的出现次第作了请问和解答。虽然如此，正因它对瑜伽行者多有饶益，我现在仍将依出现次第再次请问。那么，这部《大念处经》是世尊在何处、对何人宣说的？
Pucchā – mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ panāvuso yogāvacarānaṃ bahupakārattā dīghanikāye ca idha cāti dvīsu nikāyesu porāṇakehi saṃgītikārehi dvikkhattuṃ saṃgāyitvā vitthārena patiṭṭhāpitaṃ, taṃ amhehi dīghanikāye yathānuppattavasena pucchitañca vissajjitañca. Tathāpi yogāvacarānaṃ bahupakārattāyeva taṃ idānipi yathānuppattavasena puna pucchissāmi, taṃ panetaṃ āvuso mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
释疑：尊者，这是在俱卢国的剑磨瑟昙镇，针对众多比丘而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – kurūsu bhante kammāsadhamme nāma kurūnaṃ nigame sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
问：尊者，在那里，世尊是如何分别解说入出息念的身随观的？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha ānāpānassati kāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
释疑：尊者，在那里，世尊是这样分别解说入出息念的身随观的：“诸比丘，在此教法中，比丘或前往森林，或坐于树下，或居于空闲处，结跏趺坐，端正身体，安立正念于面前。他正念而入息，正念而出息。入息长时，他如实了知‘我入息长’；出息长时，他如实了知‘我出息长’。”以这样的方式等。
Vissajjanā – idha bhikkhave bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā so satova assasati, satova passasati, dīghaṃ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṃ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti, evamādinā bhante tattha ānāpānassati kāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问：朋友，于此，世尊是如何详加分别并开示威仪身观的？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha iriyāpathakāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
答：再者，诸比丘，比丘行走时，了知‘我行走’；站立时，了知‘我站立’；坐着时，了知‘我坐着’；躺卧时，了知‘我躺卧’。尊者，世尊以这些方式，详加分别并开示了威仪身观的修习。
Vissajjanā – puna caparaṃ bhikkhave bhikkhu gacchanto vā gacchāmīti pajānāti, ṭhito vā ṭhitomhīti pajānāti, nisinno vā nisinnomhīti pajānāti, sayāno vā sayānomhīti pajānāti, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā iriyāpathakāyānupassanā bhāvanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问：朋友，于此，世尊是如何详加分别并开示正知身观的？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha sampajaññakāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
答：再者，诸比丘，比丘于前进、返回时，正知而行；于向前看、向旁看时，正知而行；于弯曲、伸展肢体时，正知而行；于穿着僧伽梨、持钵与衣时，正知而行；于食、饮、嚼、尝时，正知而行；于大便、小便时，正知而行；于行走、站立、坐着、睡眠、觉醒、说话、沉默时，正知而行。尊者，世尊以如是等方式分别阐明了于彼处的正知身观。
Vissajjanā – puna caparaṃ bhikkhave bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha sampajaññakāyānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问：贤友，于彼处，世尊是如何分别阐明厌恶作意身观的呢？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha paṭikūlamanasikārakāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
答：再者，诸比丘，比丘观察此身，从脚底向上、头顶向下，以皮肤为界，遍满种种不净：‘于此身中，有发、毛、爪、齿、皮。’尊者，世尊以如是等方式分别阐明了于彼处的厌恶作意身观。
Vissajjanā – puna caparaṃ bhikkhave bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesālomā nakhā dantā taco evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā paṭikūlamanasikārakāyānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问：朋友，世尊是如何分别阐述界作意身观的呢？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha dhātumanasikārakāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
答：“再者，诸比丘，比丘对此身体，无论其如何安住、如何摆放，都从界加以观察：‘于此身中，有地界、水界、火界、风界。’”尊者，世尊便以如是等种种方式，分别阐述了界作意身观。
Vissajjanā – puna caparaṃ bhikkhave bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātu evamādinā bhante bhagavatā dhātumanasikārakāyānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问：朋友，世尊是如何分别阐述九种冢间身观的呢？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha nava sivathikakāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
答：再者，比丘们，比丘犹如见到被弃于冢间的尸体——已死一日、两日或三日，膨胀、青瘀、脓烂。他将此身与之比照：‘此身也正是如此法、如此性，未曾超越于此。’尊者，世尊即以如是等方式，分别宣说了彼处的九种冢间观。
Vissajjanā – puna caparaṃ bhikkhave bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ ekāhamataṃ vā dvīhamataṃ vā tīhamataṃ vā uddhumātakaṃ vinīlakaṃ vipubbakajātaṃ so imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati ‘‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā nava sivathikakāyānupassanā bhāvanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问：朋友，在那里，世尊是如何分别宣说受随观的呢？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha vedanānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā desitā.
答：在此，比丘们，比丘感受乐受时，了知‘我感受乐受’；感受苦受时，了知‘我感受苦受’；感受不苦不乐受时，了知‘我感受不苦不乐受’。尊者，世尊以如是等方式，分别宣说了那里的受随观。
Vissajjanā – idha bhikkhave bhikkhu sukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘‘sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’’ti pajānāti, dukkhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘‘dukkha vedanaṃ vedayāmī’’ti pajānāti, adukkhamasukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘‘adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’’ti pajānāti, evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā vedanānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问：朋友，世尊于此是如何分别解说心随观的？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha cittānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā desitā.
答：诸比丘，在此，比丘对有贪之心了知为‘有贪之心’，对离贪之心了知为‘离贪之心’；对有瞋之心了知为‘有瞋之心’，对离瞋之心了知为‘离瞋之心’；对有痴之心了知为‘有痴之心’，对离痴之心了知为‘离痴之心’；对收缩之心了知为‘收缩之心’，对散乱之心了知为‘散乱之心’。世尊便是以这些方式，在此分别阐明了心随观。
Vissajjanā – idha bhikkhave bhikkhu sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘‘sarāgaṃ citta’’nti pajānāti, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘‘vītarāgaṃ citta’’nti pajānāti, sadosaṃ vā vītadosaṃ vā samohaṃ vā vītamohaṃ vā saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘‘saṃkhittaṃ citta’’nti pajānāti, vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘‘vikkhittaṃ citta’’nti pajānāti, evamādinā tattha bhagavatā cittānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
问：朋友，世尊于此是如何分别解说法随观的？请以简要的方式作答。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha dhammānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā desitā, taṃ saṅkhepamatteneva vissajjehi.
答：诸比丘，这里，比丘于诸法中随观法而住，如五盖等处。尊者，世尊即在此处以五个段落，分别阐明了法随观。
Vissajjanā – idha bhikkhave bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, pañcasu nīvaraṇesu evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā pañcahi pabbehi dhammānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.
小狮子吼经
Cūḷasīhanādasutta
问：朋友，世尊是在何处、针对何人、以何事为因缘而宣说《小狮子吼经》？
Pucchā – cūḷanasīhanādasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，于舍卫城，针对那些利养恭敬减退的外道而说。尊者，那些利养恭敬减退的外道在各处悲叹；而四众弟子也将同一件事禀告了世尊。尊者，即以此为因缘而说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante parihīnalābhasakkāre nānātitthiye ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, nānātitthiyā bhante parihīnalābhasakkārā tesu tesu ṭhānesu parideviṃsu, catasso ca bhannte parisā bhagavato ekamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
大狮子吼经
Mahāsīhanādasutta
问：贤友，那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊，于何处、对何人、以何事为因缘，宣说了《大狮子吼经》？
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena mahāsīhanādasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，这是在毗舍离，针对离车族子善星而说的。尊者，离车族子善星刚从此法、律离去不久，他在毗舍离的集会中这样说道：‘沙门乔达摩并没有过人法、足为圣者的智见殊胜；沙门乔达摩依推论推敲、依自思惟、依自辩才而说法。而他所宣说的法，能正确引导行道者到达苦灭。’尊者，具寿舍利弗将此事禀告了世尊。尊者，世尊正是以此事为因缘而说此经。
Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante sunakkhattaṃ licchaviputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sanukkhatto bhante licchaviputto acirapakkanto hoti imasmā dhammavinayā, so vesāliyaṃ parisati evaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati ‘‘natthi samaṇassa gotamassa uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso, takkapariyāhataṃ samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti vīmaṃsānucaritaṃ sayaṃ paṭibhānaṃ. Yassa ca khvāssa atthāya dhammo desito, so niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti, etamatthaṃ bhante āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato ārocesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问：贤友，世尊于此经中，分别阐明了多少种如来的如来力？凭借这些力，如来自称处于牛王位，在众会中作狮子吼，转梵轮。
Pucchā – kati panāvuso tattha bhagavatā tathāgatassa tathāgatabalāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni, yehi balehi samannāgato tathāgato āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānāti, parisāsu sīhanādaṃ nadati, brahmacakkaṃ pavatteti.
答：尊者，世尊分别阐明了十种如来力。凭借这些力，如来自处于牛王之位，于众会中作狮子吼，转动梵轮。
Vissajjanā – dasa bhante tathāgatassa tathāgatabalāni bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitāni, yehi balehi samannāgato tathāgato āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānāti, parisāsu sīhanādaṃ nadati, brahmacakkaṃ pavatteti.
问：尊者！世尊于彼处如何分别开示了四无畏智？具足这些无畏智的如来宣称牛王之位，于众会中作狮子吼，转动梵轮。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā catuverajjañāṇāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni, yehi vesārajjehi samannāgato tathāgato āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānāti, parisāsu sīhanādaṃ nadati, brahmacakkaṃ pavatteti.
答：舍利弗！对于自称漏尽者，我不见有这样的相：世间的沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵，或任何众生，能以正法诘难我说：‘这些烦恼你并未断尽。’舍利弗！我不见此相，故住于安稳、住于无畏、住于无碍解。尊者，世尊于彼处即以如是方式，分别详尽开示了四无畏智。
Vissajjanā – khīṇāsavassa te paṭijānato ime āsavā aparikkhīṇāti tatra vata maṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ sahadhammena paṭicodessatīti nimittametaṃ sāriputta na samanupassāmi, etamahaṃ sāriputta nimittaṃ asamanupassanto khemappatto abhayappatto vesārajjappatto viharāmi. Evamādinā bhante tattha catuvesārajjañāṇāni bhagavatā vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.
问——尊者！世尊是如何分别开示五趣分别智的？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā pañcagatiparicchedañāṇaṃ vibhajitvā pakāsitaṃ.
释义——舍利弗！有此五趣。哪五种？地狱、畜生、饿鬼、人、天。尊者！世尊在那里即以这些方式分别开示了五趣分别智。
Vissajjanā – pañca kho imā sāriputta gatiyo, katamā pañca, nirayo tiracchānayoni pettivisayo manussā devā, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha pañcagatiparicchedakañāṇaṃ vibhajitvā pakāsitaṃ.
问——尊者！世尊在那里是如何开示自身智慧明辨的不退失的？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha tathāgato attano paññāveyyattiyā aparihāniṃ pakāsesi.
答：舍利弗，确实有一些沙门、婆罗门持这样的说法、这样的见解：“只要这位先生还年轻……”尊者，世尊便在那里以诸如此类的方式，开示了自身智慧明辨的不退失。
Vissajjanā – santi kho pana sāriputta eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino yāvadevāyaṃ bhavaṃ puriso daharo hoti, evamādinā bhante tattha tathāgato attano paññāveyyattiyā aparihāniṃ pakāsesi.
大苦蕴经
Mahādukkhakkhandhasutta
问：尊者，《大苦蕴经》是世尊在何处、针对何人、以何事为因缘而说的？
Pucchā – mahādukkhakkhandhasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，那是在舍卫城，针对外道们说的。尊者，众多外道对比丘们这样说：“朋友，沙门乔达摩施设了对欲的遍知，我们也施设对欲的遍知；沙门乔达摩施设了对色、受的遍知，我们也施设对色、受的遍知。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññatitthiye ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sambahulā bhante aññatitthiyā bhikkhū etadavocuṃ ‘‘samaṇo āvuso gotamo kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, mayampi kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapema, samaṇo āvuso gotamo rūpānaṃ vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, mayampi rūpānaṃ vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapema, idha no āvuso ko viseso, ko adhippayāso, kiṃ nānākaraṇaṃ samaṇassa vā gotamassa amhākaṃ vā yadidaṃ dhammadesanāya vā dhammadesanaṃ anusāsaniyā vā anusāsani’’nti, etamatthaṃ bhikkhū bhagavato ārocesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
小苦蕴经
Cūḷadukkhakkhandhasutta
问——尊者，请问《小苦蕴经》是世尊在何处、缘于何人、以何事为因缘而说？
Pucchā – cūḷadukkhakkhandhasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
释义——尊者，是在释迦族中、迦毗罗卫城，缘释迦族摩诃男而说。尊者，释迦族摩诃男来到世尊面前，这样说：‘尊者！我长久以来如此了知世尊所说法：“贪是心的随烦恼，嗔是心的随烦恼，痴是心的随烦恼。” 尊者！我虽如此了知，然而有时贪法仍占据我心而住，嗔法占据我心而住，痴法占据我心而住。尊者！我于是心想：“我内心中究竟还有什么法未被断除，致使有时贪法占据我心而住，嗔法占据我心而住，痴法占据我心而住？”’ 尊者，世尊即因此事而说此经。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, mahānāmo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘dīgharattāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi ‘lobho cittassa upakkileso, doso cittassa upakkileso, moho cittassa upakkileso’ti, evañcāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi ‘lobho cittassa upakkileso, doso cittassa upakkileso, moho cittassa upakkileso’ti. Atha ca pana me ekadā lobhadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, dosadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, mohadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, tassa mayhaṃ bhante evaṃ hoti ‘ko su nāma me dhammo ajjhattaṃ appahino , yena me ekadā lobhadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, dosadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, mohadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhantī’ti’’, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问——尊者，请问《推量经》是世尊在何处、缘于何人、由谁而说？
Pucchā – anumānasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，此经于跋耆国苏苏马喇山的贝沙卡拉林，由具寿大目犍连长老针对众多比丘而说。
Vissajjanā – bhaggesu bhante susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane āyasmatā mahāmoggallānattherena sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
问：尊者，世尊是在何处、对谁宣说《心荒芜经》的？
Pucchā – cetokhilasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，此经于舍卫城，就众多比丘而宣说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
问——尊者，请问《林野经》是世尊在何处、为何人而宣说的？
Pucchā – vanapatthasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，此经是世尊在舍卫城，为众多比丘而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
蜜丸经
Madhupiṇḍikasutta
问——尊者，请问《蜜丸经》是世尊在何处、为何人、以何事为因缘而宣说的？
Pucchā – madhupiṇḍikasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，此经是在释迦族中，因执杖释迦人而宣说的。尊者，执杖释迦人来到世尊面前，这样问道：“沙门主张什么？宣说什么？”尊者，正是以此事为因缘而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante daṇḍapāṇiṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, daṇḍapāṇi bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ vādī samaṇo kimakkhāyī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
二种寻经
Dvedhāvitakkasutta
问：尊者，『二种寻经』是世尊在何处、因何人而宣说的？
Pucchā – dvedhāvitakkasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，是在舍卫城，因众多比丘而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
寻行经
Vitakkasaṇṭhānasutta
问：尊者，『寻行经』是世尊于何处、针对何人而宣说的？
Pucchā – vitakkasaṇṭhānasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
问：尊者，世尊——那位正自觉者——所宣说的『锯喻经』，是于何处、针对何人、关于何事而宣说的？
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena kakacūpamasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，这是在舍卫城，因尊者莫利亚帕古那而宣说的。尊者莫利亚帕古那与比丘尼们过度交往共住，尊者，正是因此事而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ moḷiyaphaggunaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā bhante moḷiyaphagguno bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ ativelaṃ saṃsaṭṭho viharati, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问：尊者，那时尊者莫利亚帕古那听闻世尊的教诲后，心中生起了怎样的念头？而世尊又进一步怎样给予比丘们教诲呢？
Pucchā – atha kho āvuso āyasmato moḷiyaphaggunassa taṃ bhagavato ovādaṃ sutvā kathaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ, kathañja bhagavā uttari bhikkhūna ovādamadāsi.
答：尊者，那时莫利亚帕古那听闻世尊这则教诲后，心中并未生起“我要远离、我要停止与比丘尼交往”的念头，尊者，反而生起了不加约束的念头。世尊则以“诸比丘，我的比丘们确实曾一时令心满意”等语，进一步给予比丘们教诲。
Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante moḷiyaphaggunassa bhagavato imaṃ ovādaṃ sutvā bhikkhunisaṃsaggato oramissāmi viramissāmītipi cittaṃ na uppannaṃ, asaṃvarameva bhante cittaṃ uppannaṃ, bhagavā ca bhante ārādhayiṃsu vata me bhikkhave bhikkhū ekaṃ samayaṃ cittaṃ, evamādinā uttari bhikkhūnaṃ ovādamadāsi.
诸比丘，即使盗贼、恶人用一把两端有把柄的锯子，将你们的肢体一节一节地锯断，
Ubhato daṇḍakena cepi bhikkhave kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṃ.
蛇喻经
Alagaddūpamasutta
问——贤友，《蛇喻经》是世尊在何处、因何人、于何事而宣说的？
Pucchā – alagaddūpamasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，是在舍卫城，因原为鹰猎人的阿梨吒比丘而宣说的。尊者，原为鹰猎人的阿梨吒比丘生起了这样的恶见：‘我如实了知世尊所说的法：那些世尊所宣说的障碍法，行持它们并不足以构成障碍。’尊者，正是因此事而说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante ariṭṭhaṃ bhikkhuṃ gaddhabādhipubbaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, ariṭṭhassa bhante bhikkhuno gaddhabādhipubbassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājādāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问——贤友，阿利吒迦马驹尊者心中是如何生起此寻思的？世尊又如何进一步为比丘们转起说法？
Pucchā – atha kho āvuso āyasmato ariṭṭhassa gaddhabādhipubbassa kathaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi, kathañca bhagavā uttari bhikkhunaṃ dhammadesanaṃ pavattesi.
答——尊者，阿利吒迦马驹比丘心中如是思惟：‘虽然世尊以愚人之语呵责我，但我并非没有证得道果的因缘。我当发奋精进，证得道果。’尊者，他便这样在心中生起了寻思。尊者，世尊为愚昧者开示了蛇喻、蛇喻的教理，为智者开示了蛇喻与筏喻、出离的教理，指出了六种见处，说明了剥离六见处的方法，最后以蕴与业处、以阿罗汉顶饰作结，进一步为比丘们转起了说法。
Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante ariṭṭhassa bhikkhuno gaddhabādhipubbassa ‘‘kiñcāpi maṃ bhagavā moghapurisavādena vadesi, na kho pana me maggaphalānaṃ upanissayo na hoti, svāhaṃ ārabhitvā ghaṭṭetvā maggaphalāni nibbattessāmī’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante cetaso parivitakko udapādi, bhagavā ca bhante duppaññassa alagaddūpamaṃ dassetvā alagaddūpamaṃ pariyattiñca dassetvā paññavato alagaddūpamāya ca kullūpamāya ca paññavato nissaraṇapariyattiṃ dassetvā cha ca diṭṭhiṭṭhānāni, tesañca channaṃ diṭṭhiṭṭhānānaṃ viniveṭhanākāraṃ dassetvā pariyosāne ca khandhakammaṭṭhānaṃ arahattanikūṭena dassetvā uttari bhikkhūnaṃ dhammakathaṃ pavattesi.
问——贤友，世尊在何处、为谁、因何事而说了《法经》？
Pucchā – dhammikasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，这是在舍卫城，缘于童子迦叶尊者而说。尊者，童子迦叶尊者前往世尊处，请问了蚁垤之问，正是因此事而说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ kumārakassapaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante kumārakassapo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vammikapañhaṃ pucchi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
车接续经
Rathavinītasutta
问：贤友，车接续经是在何处、由谁所说？
Pucchā – rathavinītasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kena bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，这是在舍卫城，由法将舍利弗长老与满慈子尊者互相问答而说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmatā ca sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā āyasmatā ca puṇṇena mantāṇiputtena aññamaññaṃ pucchāvissajjanavasena bhāsitaṃ.
问：朋友，世尊在何处、因何人而宣说《饵食经》？
Pucchā – nivāpasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，在舍卫城，因众多比丘而宣说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
问：朋友，于此经中，何为饵食？何为猎师？何为猎师众？何为鹿群？此譬喻之义又应如何观见？
Pucchā – imasmiṃ āvuso sutte ko nivāpo ko nevāpiko kā nevāpikaparisā kā migajātā kathañcetissā upamāya attho daṭṭhabbo.
答：尊者，在此经中，“饵食”乃是对五种欲功德的增语；“猎师”乃是对魔罗波旬的增语；“猎师众”乃是对魔众的增语；“鹿群”乃是对沙门婆罗门的增语。尊者，此经之义应如此观见。
Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ bhante sutte nivāpoti kho bhante pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, nevāpikoti kho bhante mārassetaṃ pāpimato adhivacanaṃ, nevāpikaparisāti kho bhante māraparisāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, migajātāti kho bhante samaṇabrāhmaṇānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ, imasmiṃ bhante sutte etassa attho evaṃ daṭṭhabbo.
问：朋友，世尊……（中略）……正自觉者于何处、因谁、于何事缘而宣说《陷阱经》？
Pucchā – kenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena pāsarāsisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，此经于舍卫城因众多比丘而宣说。尊者，当时众多比丘在拉摩迦婆罗门的净修林中，围绕世尊齐聚，共闻法谈。尊者，即于此事缘而宣说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū rammakassa brāhmaṇassa assame bhagavantaṃ ārabbha dhammiyā kathāya sannisīdiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问：朋友，那时众多比丘共坐一处，正做法谈，世尊为他们说了怎样的法呢？
Pucchā – atha kho āvuso tesaṃ sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sannisinnānaṃ kīdisaṃ dhammakathaṃ kathesi.
答：“善哉，诸比丘！诸比丘，这对你们是适当的，你们是善男子，出于信心从家出离而为无家者，你们应为法谈而共坐。诸比丘，你们聚集时，有两件事当作：法谈或圣默然。诸比丘，有两种遍求：圣遍求与非圣遍求。”尊者，世尊即以如是语，为聚集的比丘们分别解说圣遍求与非圣遍求，如此教导。
Vissajjanā – sādhu bhikkhave etaṃ kho bhikkhave tumhākaṃ patirūpaṃ kulaputtānaṃ saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitānaṃ, yaṃ tumhe dhammiyā kathāya sannisīdeyyātha, sannipatitānaṃ vo bhikkhave dvayaṃ karaṇīyaṃ dhammī vā kathā ariyo vā tuṇhībhāvo. Dvemā bhikkhave pariyesanā ariyā ca pariyesanā anariyā ca pariyesanā. Evamādinā bhante bhagavā sannipatitānaṃ tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ariyapariyesanañca anariyapariyesanañca vibhajitvā desesi.
问：朋友，世尊又如何开示自己也是舍弃非圣遍求，而以圣遍求来遍求的呢？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso bhagavā attanāpi anariyapariyesanaṃ pahāya ariyapariyesanāya pariyesitabhāvaṃ pakāsesi.
诸比丘，我也曾在未成正觉、尚为菩萨时，自身有生法，便遍求生法；自身有老法、病法、死法、忧法、杂染法，便遍求杂染法。尊者，世尊以如是语，开示自身亦曾舍弃非圣遍求，而行圣遍求的情形。
Vissajjanā – ahampi sudaṃ bhikkhave pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddho bodhisattova samāno attanā jātidhammo samāno jātidhammaṃyeva pariyesāmi, attanā jarādhammo byādhidhammo maraṇadhammo sokadhammo saṃkilesadhammo samāno saṃkilesadhammaṃyeva pariyesāmi. Evamādinā bhante bhagavā attanāpi anariyapariyesanaṃ pahāya ariyapariyesanāya pariyesitabhāvaṃ pakāsesi.
朋友，那时初成正觉的世尊，坐于阿阇波罗尼拘律树下，对于说法已作决意，其情形如何？
Pucchā – evaṃ paṭhamābhisambuddhassa āvuso bhagavato ajapālanigrodharukkhamūle nisinnassa dhammadesanāya katasanniṭṭhānassa kīdiso
心中生起如是思惟：说法游行是如何展开的？最初的说法又是如何进行的？
Cetaso parivitakko udapādi, kathañca dhammadesanāya cārikā ahosi, kathañca paṭhamā dhammadesanā ahosi.
“我应当先为谁说法呢？谁能迅速了知此法呢？”尊者，世尊初成正觉，在阿阇波罗榕树下对说法之事作了决断，便生起这样的思虑。而后，世尊在优楼频螺随心而住，过了一段时日，为了说法，便徒步朝着波罗奈城方向游化。世尊最初的说法正是这样：“诸比丘，出家人不应亲近此二边。哪二边？一是沉湎于诸欲、耽著欲乐，这是低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、无益的……”尊者，世尊就是以这些方式作了最初的教导。
Vissajjanā – ‘‘kassa nu kho ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ deseyyaṃ, ko imaṃ dhammaṃ khippameva ājānissatī’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavato paṭhamābhisambuddhassa ajapālanigrodhamūle dhammadesanāya katasanniṭṭhānassa parivitakko udapādi, atha bhante bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena bārāṇasī, tena padasāyeva cārikaṃ pakkāmi dhammadesanāya, dveme bhikkhave antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā, katame dve, yo cāyaṃ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogo hīno gāmmo pothujjaniko anariyo anattasaṃhito, evamādinā bhante bhagavato paṭhamā dhammadesanā ahosi.
我降伏一切，了知一切，
于一切法无所染着；
舍离一切，于渴爱灭尽中得解脱，
亲自证知之后，又能指出谁呢？
Sabbābhibhū sabbavidūhamasmi, Sabbadhammesu anūpalitto; Sabbañjaho taṇhākkhaye vimutto, Sayaṃ abhiññāya kamuddiseyyaṃ.
问：贤友，世尊是如何以捕兽网之喻圆满成就那次说法的？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso bhagavā pāsarāsiupamāya taṃ desanaṃ pariniṭṭhāpesi.
解答：“诸比丘，有此五种欲功德。哪五种？眼所识知的色，是可爱、可意、可悦、悦意形色、与欲相关、令人染著的。耳所识知的声……鼻所识知的香……舌所识知的味……身所识知的触，是可爱、可意、可悦、悦意形色、与欲相关、令人染著的。诸比丘，这些就是五种欲功德。诸比丘，凡任何沙门或婆罗门，若沉溺、迷恋、耽着于这些欲功德，不见过患、无出离智慧而受用者，他们应被如此了知：‘已遭不幸、已遭灾祸、成为魔罗随心所欲的对象。’”尊者，世尊以这些方式，以捕兽网之喻圆满完成了法的教导。
Vissajjanā – pañcime bhikkhave kāmaguṇā, katame pañca, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Sotaviññeyyā saddā. Ghānaviññeyyā gandhā. Jivhāviññeyyā rasā. Kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Ime kho bhikkhave pañca kāmaguṇā. Ye hi keci bhikkhave samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā ime kāmaguṇe gathitā mucchitā ajjhopannā anādīnavadassāvino anissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjanti, te evamassu veditabbā ‘‘anayamāpannā byāsanamāpannā yathākāmakaraṇīyā pāpimato’’, evamādinā bhante bhagavā pāsarāsiupamāya dhammadesanaṃ pariniṭṭhāpesi.
《小象迹喻经》
Cūḷahatthipadopamasutta
问：贤友，由那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者所说的《小象迹喻经》，是在何处、针对谁、基于何事而说的？
Pucchā – tenāvuso jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena cūḷahatthipadopamasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
解答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对佳奴索尼婆罗门而说的。尊者，佳奴索尼婆罗门来到世尊处，将与游方者毕罗提咖之间所有的谈话内容，全部禀告了世尊。尊者，就是基于此事而说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Jāṇussoṇi bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā yāvatako ahosi pilotikena paribbājakena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问：贤友，世尊是如何详尽圆满地宣说象迹喻的？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso bhagavā hatthipadopamaṃ vitthārena paripūretvā desesi.
答曰：“婆罗门，象迹譬喻并非仅此便已详尽圆满；然而，婆罗门，象迹譬喻如何方为详尽圆满，请谛听，善作意，我将宣说。”以这样的方式，世尊圆满象迹譬喻后，为婆罗门佳奴索尼宣说。
Vissajjanā – ‘‘na kho brāhmaṇa ettāvatā hatthipadopamo vitthārena paripūro hoti, api ca brāhmaṇa yathā hatthipadopamo vitthārena paripūro hoti, taṃ suṇāhi sādhukaṃ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī’’ti, evamādinā bhante bhagavā hatthipadopamaṃ paripūretvā brāhmaṇassa jāṇussoṇissa desesi.
《大象迹喻经》
Mahāhatthipadopamasutta
问：贤友，大象迹譬喻经是在何处、因何人、由谁所说？
Pucchā – mahāhatthipadopamasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：尊者，此经乃于舍卫城，缘众多比丘，由具寿法将舍利弗长老所宣说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
《大心材喻经》
Mahāsāropamasutta
问曰：贤友，大心材譬喻经乃是世尊于何处、缘何人、因何事而宣说的？
Pucchā – mahāsāropamasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：尊者，此经乃于王舍城，缘提婆达多而宣说。尊者，提婆达多破僧、出佛身血后离去未久，世尊即以此事为缘而说法。
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante devadattaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, devadatto bhante saṅghaṃ bhinditvā ruhiruppādakammaṃ katvā acirapakkanto hoti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
《小心材喻经》
Cūḷasāropamasutta
问曰：贤友，《小心材譬喻经》是世尊在何处、为谁、因何事而宣说的？
Pucchā – cūḷasāropamasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：尊者，于舍卫城，以宾伽罗科查婆罗门为缘而说。尊者，宾伽罗科查婆罗门前往世尊处请问；尊者，正是以此事为缘而宣说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante piṅgalakocchaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, piṅgalakoccho bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
《小牛角经》
Cūḷagosiṅgasutta
问曰：贤友，《小牛角经》是世尊在何处、与谁共说的？
Pucchā – cūḷagosiṅgasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
回答：尊者，是在牛角沙罗林园，与具寿阿那律长老共同宣说的。
Vissajjanā – nābhike bhante gosiṅgasālavanadāye āyasmatā anuruddhattherena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
大果星经
Mahāgosiṅgasutta
问：贤友，那么《大牛角经》是世尊在何处与谁一同宣说的？
Pucchā – mahāgosiṅgasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
回答：尊者，是在牛角沙罗林园，与具寿舍利弗长老——法将，以及具寿大目犍连长老共同宣说的。
Vissajjanā – gosiṅgasālavanadāye bhante āyasmatā ca sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā āyasmatā ca mahāmoggallānattherena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
大牧牛者经
Mahāgopālakasutta
问：贤友，那么《大牧牛者经》是世尊在何处、针对谁所说的？
Pucchā – mahāgopālakasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘所说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
小牧牛者经
Cūḷagopālakasutta
问：贤友，那么《小牧牛者经》是世尊在何处、针对谁所说的？
Pucchā – cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
回答：尊者，这是在跋耆国，于恒河岸边的乌迦支罗，针对众多比丘而说。
Vissajjanā – vajjīsu bhante ukkacelāyaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
小萨咤咖经
Cūḷasaccakasutta
问：贤友，你既已知……那么，正自觉者所说的小萨咤迦经，是在何处、为谁、以何事为因缘而说？
Pucchā – tenāvuso jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena cūḷasaccakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
回答：尊者，是在毘舍离城，针对萨遮迦尼乾子而说。萨遮迦尼乾子与一大群离车族人一同前往世尊所在之处，到了以后，对世尊这样说：“乔达摩尊者是如何教导弟子的？乔达摩尊者的教诫在弟子们当中又是如何广为流布的？”于是，世尊开示了无常说与无我说。萨遮迦尼乾子便以大地为喻，阐明了自己的有我之说。正是在这件事缘上，世尊说了此经。
Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante saccakaṃ nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, saccako nigaṇṭhaputto mahatiyā licchaviparisāya saddhiṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kathaṃ pana bhavaṃ gotamo sāvake vineti, kathaṃ bhāgā ca pana bhoto gotamassa sāvakesu anusāsanī bahulā pavattatī’’ti, atha bhante bhagavatā aniccavāde ca anattavāde ca pakāsite saccako nigaṇṭhaputto pathavīupamaṃ dassetvā attano attavādaṃ pakāsesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：如是，当萨遮迦尼乾子以大地为喻开示有我之说后，世尊是如何先确立此有我之说，然后再予诘问、追究、破斥的呢？
Pucchā – evaṃ āvuso saccakena nigaṇṭhaputtena mahāpathavīupamaṃ dassetvā attavāde pakāsite kathaṃ bhagavā taṃ attavādaṃ puna patiṭṭhāpetvā samanuyuñji samanugāhi samanubhāsi.
答曰：“火种居士，你难道不是这样说的吗：‘色是我的我，受是我的我，想是我的我，行是我的我，识是我的我。’”世尊正是如此令萨遮迦尼乾子确立其有我之说的。确立之后，世尊又说：“那么，火种居士，我就要在此反问你了，你如何能接受，便如何回答。”以这样的方式，世尊诘问、追究、破斥了萨遮迦尼乾子。
Vissajjanā – ‘‘nanu tvaṃ aggivessana evaṃ vadesi, rūpaṃ me attā, vedanā me attā, saññā me attā, saṅkhārā me attā, viññāṇaṃ me attā’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā saccakaṃ nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ taṃ attavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Patiṭṭhāpetvā ca pana bhante bhagavā ‘‘tena hi aggivessana taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya, tathā taṃ byākareyyāsī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavā saccakaṃ nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ samanuyuñji samanugāhi samanubhāsi.
问曰：当萨遮迦尼乾子沉默不语、垂头丧气、低头沉思、无法应答而坐时，那名为杜姆迦的离车族子，对世尊说了怎样的话？
Pucchā – evaṃ kho āvuso saccake nigaṇṭhaputte tuṇhībhūte adhomukhe pajjhāyante appaṭibhāne nisinne dummukho nāma licchaviputto bhagavantaṃ kiṃ vacanaṃ avoca.
回答：那时，萨遮迦尼乾子沉默不语，羞愧沮丧，双肩低垂，垂头丧气，低头沉思，无言以对，离车族子杜姆迦便对世尊这样说：“世尊，我想起了一个譬喻。”
Vissajjanā – evaṃ bhante saccake nigaṇṭhaputte tuṇhībhūte maṅkubhūte pattakkhandhe adhomukhe pajjhāyante appaṭibhāne dummukho licchaviputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘upamā maṃ bhagavā paṭibhātī’’ti.
问：然后，萨遮迦尼乾子向世尊问了什么问题？世尊又是如何回答的呢？
Pucchā – atha kho āvuso saccako nigaṇṭhaputto bhagavantaṃ kīdisaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi, kathañca taṃ bhagavā byākāsi.
回答：当时，萨遮迦尼乾子斥退了离车人杜姆迦，向世尊问了有关有学与无学的问题。世尊便以“火种居士，在此，我的弟子对于任何色——无论是过去、未来、现在的，内在的或外在的，粗的或细的，低劣的或殊胜的，远的或近的……”的方式，分别解说了有学人与无学人，然后作了回答。
Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante saccako nigaṇṭhaputto dummukhaṃ licchaviṃ apasādetvā bhagavantaṃ sekhañca asekhañca pañhaṃ pucchi, bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘idha aggivessana mama sāvako yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā’’ evamādinā sekhañca asekhañca puggalaṃ vibhajitvā byākāsi.
世尊是觉者，为觉悟而说法。
Buddho so bhagavā bodhāya dhammaṃ deseti.
世尊是已调伏者，为调伏而说法。
Danto so bhagavā damathāya dhammaṃ deseti.
世尊是寂静者，为寂静而说法。
Santo so bhagavā samathāya dhammaṃ deseti.
世尊已证彼岸，为度彼岸而说法。
Tiṇṇo so bhagavā taraṇāya dhammaṃ deseti.
世尊已般涅槃，为证涅槃而说法。
Parinibbuto so bhagavā parinibbānāya dhammaṃ deseti.
大萨咤咖经
Mahāsaccakasutta
请问——尊者，《大萨遮迦经》是世尊在何处、针对何人、以何事为因缘而宣说的？
Pucchā – mahāsaccakasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，这是在毗舍离，因萨咤咖·尼干陀子而说的。尊者，萨咤咖·尼干陀子于次日往诣世尊，在世尊诸弟子面前说与两种修习相关的言语。尊者，正是以此因缘而说。
Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante saccakaṃyeva nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Saccako bhante nigaṇṭhaputto aparadivase bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato sāvake āsajja bhāvanādvayapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问：尊者，世尊反问萨咤咖·尼干陀子后，如何分别阐明两种修习？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso bhagavā saccakaṃ nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ paṭipucchitvā bhāvanādvayaṃ vibhajja kathesi.
答：尊者，那时世尊先以“火种姓，你曾如何听闻身修习？”等语反问萨咤咖·尼干陀子，然后以“火种姓，怎样是身未修、心未修？”等语，分别阐明两种修习，而作解答。
Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante bhagavā ‘‘kinti pana te aggivessana kāyabhāvanā sutā’’ti evamādinā saccakaṃ nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ paṭipucchitvā, kathañca aggivessana abhāvitakāyo ca hoti abhāvitacitto ca evamādinā bhāvanādvayaṃ vibhajitvā byākāsi.
请问，尊者：那时，萨咤咖·尼干陀子对世尊说了什么？世尊又是如何开示，自己在精勤时期曾亲身经历、达到极点的乐受与苦受，而这些受并不曾遍取世尊的心而持续存在？
Pucchā – atha kho āvuso saccako nigaṇṭhaputto bhagavantaṃ kiṃ vacanaṃ avoca, kathañca bhagavā padhānakāle attanāanubhūtapubbā paramukkaṃsagatā sukhadukkhavedanāyo pakāsesi, yāpi bhagavato cittaṃ na pariyādāya aṭṭhaṃsu.
答复，尊者：那时，萨咤咖·尼干陀子对世尊这样说：‘乔达摩尊者确实不会生起那样的乐受——生起后能遍取心而持续存在；乔达摩尊者确实不会生起那样的苦受——生起后能遍取心而持续存在。’那时，世尊以‘火种姓，怎么会没有呢？火种姓，我在此于正觉以前、尚未圆满觉悟、尚为菩萨时，曾这样想’等语，详细开示了自身在精勤时期曾亲身经历、达到极点的乐受与苦受，而这些受并未遍取其心而持续存在。
Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante saccako nigaṇṭhaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘na hi nūna bhoto gotamassa uppajjati, tathā rūpā sukhāvedanā, yathārūpā uppannā sukhāvedanā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭheyya, na hi nūna bhoto gotamassa uppajjati tathārūpā dukkhā vedanā, yathārūpā uppannā dukkhā vedanā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭheyyā’’ti atha kho bhagavā ‘‘kiñhi no siyā aggivessana, idha me aggivessena pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi, evamādinā bhante bhagavā padhānakāle attanānubhūtapubbā paramukkaṃsagatā sukhadukkhavedanāyo vitthārena, yāpi bhagavato cittaṃ na pariyādāya aṭṭhaṃsu.
小渴爱灭尽经
Cūḷataṇhāsaṅkhayasutta
请问，尊者：由世尊、知者……正自觉者所宣说的《小渴爱灭尽经》，是在何处、关于谁、以何种因缘而说的？
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena cūḷataṇhāsaṅkhayasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答复：尊者，是在舍卫城，关于诸天之主的帝释而说的。尊者，诸天之主的帝释来到世尊处，这样说道：“尊者，比丘如何简要地成为渴爱灭尽解脱者、究竟终结者、究竟安稳者、究竟梵行者、究竟圆满者、人天中最胜者？”尊者，正是在那个因缘下所宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sakko bhante devānamindo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘kittāvatānukho bhante bhikkhu saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemi accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosāno seṭṭho devamanussāna’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者，比丘如何简要地成为渴爱灭尽解脱者、究竟终结者、究竟安稳者、究竟梵行者、究竟圆满者、人天中最胜者？
Kittāvatā nu kho bhante bhikkhu saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyāsāno seṭṭho devamanussānaṃ –
大渴爱灭尽经
Mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasutta
问：那么，贤友，世尊是在哪里、关于谁、基于什么事由而宣说《大渴爱尽灭经》的？
Pucchā – mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，这是在舍卫城，针对萨提比丘（渔夫之子）而宣说的。尊者，萨提比丘（渔夫之子）心中生起了这样的恶见：“我如此理解世尊所宣说的法：正是这个识在流转、轮回，而非其他。”尊者，正是基于这件事而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sātissa bhante bhikkhuno kevaṭṭaputtassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati anañña’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问——那么，贤友，世尊在召集比丘、反问了他们之后，是如何宣说阐明无我的法语的呢？
Pucchā – atha kho āvuso bhagavā kathaṃ bhikkhū āmantetvā ca paṭipucchitvā ca anattabhāvadīpikaṃ dhammakathaṃ kathesi.
答——尊者，当时世尊召集比丘们，问道：“诸比丘，你们如何思惟？这位萨提比丘（渔夫之子）在此法、律中，是否还有哪怕些许的热忱？”接着又反问比丘们：“诸比丘，你们是否也如此理解我所宣说的法？”等等。随后说道：“诸比丘，识依何缘而生起，即依彼缘而得名。依眼与色而生起的识，即称为眼识。”尊者，世尊便是通过这些方式，宣说了阐明无我的法语。
Vissajjanā – atha bhante bhagavā bhikkhū ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, apināyaṃ sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto usmīkatopi ismiṃ dhammavinaye’’ti āmantetvā, tumhepi me bhikkhave evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāthatyādinā bhikkhū paṭipucchitvā ca yaṃ yadeva bhikkhave paccayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, tena teneva viññāṇaṃ tveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati, cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ tveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati, evamādinā bhante anattatādīpikaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kathesi.
《大马邑经》
Mahāassapurasutta
问——贤友，世尊是在何处、为谁、以何事为因缘而宣说《大马邑经》的？
Pucchā – mahāassapurasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，是在鸯伽国的马邑市镇，为众多具足净信的人而宣说的。尊者，那些具足净信的人恭敬承事比丘僧团，并且一切时中只说与三宝相关的赞叹之语。尊者，正是以此事为因缘而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – aṅgesu bhante assapure nāma aṅgānaṃ nigame bahū manusse saddhe pasanne ārabbbha bhāsitaṃ. Bahū bhante manussā saddhā pasannā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃsu, sabbakālañca ratanattayapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ vaṇṇakathaṃyeva kathayiṃsu. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问——贤友，世尊于此处所宣说的法中，哪些是能令人成为沙门、成为婆罗门，且次第增上、愈胜愈妙之法？
Pucchā – katame āvuso tattha bhagavatā dhammā samaṇakaraṇā ca brāhmaṇakaraṇā ca uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītā desitā.
答——惭与愧、身清净行、语清净行、意清净行、活命清净、守护根门、饮食知量、精勤觉醒、念与正知、断除诸盖、四禅与三明。尊者，这些即是世尊在那里所宣说的，令成为沙门、令成为婆罗门，且更增上的法。
Vissajjanā – hirottappā parisuddhakāyasamācāro parisuddhavacīsamācāro parisuddhamanosamācāro parisuddhājīvo indriyesu guttadvāratā bhojanemattaññutā jāgariyānuyogo satisampajaññaṃ nīvaraṇappahānaṃ cattāri ca jhānāni tisso ca vijjā ime kho bhante tattha bhagavatā samaṇakaraṇā ca brāhmaṇakaraṇā ca uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītā dhammā desitā.
《小马邑经》
Cūḷaassapurasutta
问——贤友，那么世尊是在何处、为谁而宣说《小马邑经》的呢？
Pucchā – cūḷaassapurasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā katta kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，正是在那马邑市镇，为那些有信心、具净信的人而宣说的。尊者，正是依此事由而宣说的。
Vissajjanā – tasmiṃyeva bhante assapure nigame teyeva manusse saddhe pasanne ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, tasmiṃyeva bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问：“尊者，在那部经中，世尊又是如何分别开示出家人正行与非出家人正行的呢？”
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā ca assamaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā ca vibhajitvā desitā.
答：“‘诸比丘，比丘如何未修习出家人正行？诸比丘，若任何比丘有贪欲而贪欲未断，有嗔恚心而嗔恚未断……’——以这般方式开示。‘诸比丘，比丘如何已修习出家人正行？诸比丘，若任何比丘有贪欲而贪欲已断，有嗔恚心而嗔恚已断……’——以这般方式开示。尊者，世尊在那部经中，便是如此详细分别开示了出家人正行与非出家人正行。”
Vissajjanā – ‘‘kathañca bhikkhave bhikkhu na samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti, yassa kassaci bhikkhave bhikkhuno abhijjhālussa abhijjhā appahīnā hoti, byāpannacittassa byāpādo appahīno hotī’’ti evamādinā ca. Kathañca bhikkhave bhikkhu samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti, yassa kassaci bhikkhave bhikkhuno abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīnā hoti, byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīno hoti evamādinā ca bhante bhagavatā tattha samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā ca assamaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā ca vitthārena vibhajitvā desitā.
萨拉村民经
Sāleyyakasutta
问：“尊者，那么《萨雷雅经》是世尊在何处、对何人、以何事为缘而宣说的呢？”
Pucchā – sāleyyakasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，在拘萨罗国一个名叫萨拉的婆罗门村，是世尊针对萨雷雅的婆罗门居士们而宣说的。尊者，萨雷雅的婆罗门居士们来到世尊处，这样对世尊说：“乔达摩尊者，是什么因、什么缘，使此处的某些众生身坏命终之后，投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱？又，乔达摩尊者，是什么因、什么缘，使此处的某些众生身坏命终之后，投生到善趣、天界？”尊者，正是依此事缘而说。
Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante sālāyaṃ nāma brāhmaṇagāme sāleyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sāleyyakā bhante brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ ‘‘ko nu kho bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti, ko pana bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
韦兰若人经
Verañjakasutta
又，尊者，世尊于何处、对何人、以何事为缘宣说《韦兰若人经》？
Pucchā – verañjakasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，在舍卫城，是世尊针对韦兰若的婆罗门居士们而宣说的。尊者，韦兰若的婆罗门居士们来到世尊处，这样对世尊说：“乔达摩尊者，是什么因、什么缘，使此处的某些众生身坏命终之后，投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱？又，乔达摩尊者，是什么因、什么缘，使此处的某些众生身坏命终之后，投生到善趣、天界？”尊者，正是依此事缘而说。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante verañjake brāhmaṇagahapatike ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Verañjakā bhante brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ ‘‘ko nu kho bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti, ko pana bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
大问答经
Mahāvedallasutta
问：“尊者，那么《大问答经》是在何处、由谁所说？”
Pucchā – mahāvedallasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kena bhāsitaṃ.
答：“尊者，在舍卫城，由具寿摩诃俱絺罗提问，具寿法将舍利弗长老所说。”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmatā mahākoṭṭhikena puṭṭhena āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
小问答经
Cūḷavedallasutta
问：“尊者，那么《小有明经》是在何处、由谁所说？”
Pucchā – cūḷavedallasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kena bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，是在王舍城，由优婆塞维萨迦请问，法施长老尼所说。
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante visākhena upāsakena puṭṭhāya dhammadinnāya theriyā bhāsitaṃ.
小法受持经
Cūḷadhammasamādānasutta
问——尊者，《小法受持经》是世尊在何处、针对谁而说的呢？
Pucchā – cūḷadhammasamādānasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘而说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
大法受持经
Mahādhammasamādānasutta
问：尊者，那么《大法受持经》是世尊在何处、针对谁而说的呢？
Pucchā – mahādhammasamādānasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘而说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
问：尊者，那么《审察者经》是世尊在何处、针对谁而说的呢？
Pucchā – vīmaṃsakasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，这是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘而说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
《憍赏弥经》
Kosambiyasutta
问：尊者，《憍赏弥经》是在何处、关于谁、因何事而说的？
Pucchā – kosambiyasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，这是在憍赏弥，针对憍赏弥的比丘们而说的。尊者，当时憍赏弥的比丘们生起争吵与斗诤，陷入争论，彼此用言语之矛互相伤害而住。尊者，正是以此事为因缘而说的。
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante kosambike bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Kosambikā bhante bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
梵天邀请经
Brahmanimantanikasutta
问：尊者，世尊所说的《梵天邀请经》，是在何处、因何人、以何事为因缘而宣说的？
Pucchā – brahmanimantanikasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
答：尊者，是在舍卫城，为众多比丘而说的。
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.
降魔经
Māratajjaniyasutta
问：尊者，《降魔经》是在何处、因何人、以何事为因缘、由谁所宣说的？
Pucchā – māratajjanīyasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.
答——尊者，这是在释迦族中，苏苏摩罗山榕树林鹿野苑，由具寿大目犍连针对魔罗恶者所说。尊者，当时魔罗恶者进入了具寿大目犍连的腹中，钻入其肠内。尊者，正是在此因缘下所说。
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye āyasmatā mahāmoggallānena māraṃ pāpimantaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa kucchigato hoti koṭṭhamanupaviṭṭho. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.
