2. 所缘缘
8 段
2. 所缘缘
2. Ārammaṇapaccayo
什么是所缘缘呢?一切心、心所法,一切色法,一切涅槃,一切概念,皆是所缘缘。确实,没有任何一法不是心与心所的所缘。简而言之,所缘有六种:色所缘、声所缘、香所缘、味所缘、触所缘与法所缘。
Katamo ārammaṇapaccayo. Sabbepi cittacetasikā dhammā sabbepi rūpadhammā sabbaṃpi nibbānaṃ sabbāpi paññattiyo ārammaṇa paccayo. Na hi so nāma ekopi dhammo atthi, yo citta cetasikānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ na hoti. Saṅkhepato pana ārammaṇaṃ chabbidhaṃ hoti rūpārammaṇaṃ saddārammaṇaṃ gandhārammaṇaṃ rasārammaṇaṃ phoṭṭhabbārammaṇaṃ dhammārammaṇanti.
哪些法是所缘缘的缘生法呢?一切心、心所法,即是所缘缘的缘生法。确实,没有任何心能在没有所缘的情况下生起,无论所缘真实与否。
Katame dhammā ārammaṇapaccayassa paccayuppannā. Sabbepi citta cetasikādhammā ārammaṇapaccayassa paccayuppannā. Na hi kiñci cittaṃ nāma atthi, yaṃ cittaṃ bhūtena vā abhūtena vā ārammaṇena vinā pavattati.
于此,现在的色所缘是两种眼识的所缘缘;现在的声所缘是两种耳识的所缘缘;现在的香所缘是两种鼻识的所缘缘;现在的味所缘是两种舌识的所缘缘;现在的三种触所缘是两种身识的所缘缘。这些现前的五种所缘,是三种意界心的所缘缘。而一切过去、未来、现在的五所缘,或一切三时与离时的法所缘,各自为六种或七种意识心的所缘缘。
Tattha paccuppannaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ duvidhassa cakkhuviññāṇacittassa ārammaṇapaccayo. Paccuppannaṃ saddārammaṇaṃ duvidhassa sotaviññāṇa cittassa. Paccuppannaṃ gandhārammaṇaṃ duvidhassa ghānaviññāṇacittassa. Paccuppannaṃ rasārammaṇaṃ duvidhassa jithaviññāṇacittassa. Paccuppannaṃ tividhaṃ phoṭṭhabbārammaṇaṃ duvidhassa kāyaviññāṇacittassa. Paccuppannāni tāni pañcārammaṇāni tividhassa manodhātucittassa ārammaṇapaccayo. Sabbāni tāni atītānāgatapaccuppannāni pañcārammaṇāni vā sabbāni tekālikāni kālavimuttāni dhammārammaṇāni vā cha sattatividhānaṃ manoviññāṇacittānaṃ yathārahaṃ ārammaṇapaccayo.
以何种含义称为所缘?以何种含义称为缘?以能被心与心所缘取的含义,故为所缘;以助成的含义,故为缘。
Kenaṭṭhena ārammaṇaṃ, kenaṭṭhena paccayoti. Citta cetasikehi ālambitabbaṭṭhena ārammaṇaṃ, upakārakaṭṭhena paccayoti.
所谓“以能被缘取之义”,在此,缘取的行为是指心与心所执取所缘的行为。
Ālambitabbaṭṭhenāti cettha ālambaṇakiriyā nāma citta cetasikānaṃ ārammaṇaggahaṇakiriyā, ārammaṇupādāna kiriyā.
譬如世间有一种特殊的金属,因为它希求铁、欲求铁,所以名为“磁铁”。当它靠近铁块时,便如同对那铁块有所希求、有所欲求一般,朝向铁块摆动;或者自己移向铁块,或者把铁块拉向自己,铁块也会朝它摆动、移近。这就是磁铁所谓的缘取行为。应当如此理解心与心所缘取所缘的行为。然而,并不仅仅是缘取所缘而已:当心与心所在有情的相续中生起时,于所缘呈现于六门的每一刹那,它们便刹那刹那地生起,生起后又刹那刹那地灭去。
Yathā hi loke ayodhātuṃ kāmeti icchatīti atthena ayokantako nāma lohadhātuviseso atthi. So ayokhandhasamīpaṃ sampatto taṃ ayokhandhaṃ kāmento viya icchanto viya ayokhandhābhimukho cañcalati. Sayaṃ vā taṃ ayokhandhaṃ upagacchati. Ayokhandhaṃ vā attābhimukhaṃ ākaḍḍhati, ayokhandho tadabhimukho cañcalati, taṃ vā upagacchati. Ayaṃ ayokantakassa ālambaṇakiriyā nāma. Evameva cittacetasikānaṃ ārammaṇesu ālambaṇakiriyā daṭṭhabbā. Na kevalaṃ ārammaṇesu ālambaṇa mattaṃ hoti. Atha kho cittacetasikā dhammā sattasantāne uppajjamānā chasu dvāresu ārammaṇānaṃ āpātāgamane eva khaṇe khaṇe uppajjanti. Uppajjitvā ca khaṇe khaṇe nirujjhanti.
如同以手拍击鼓面之时,鼓声于每一刹那生起,又于每一刹那灭去;如同以琴拨弹拨琴弦之时,琴声于每一刹那生起,又于每一刹那灭去。即使在睡眠者的有分心转起时,其所缘亦唯是过去生临终时呈现于六门的业、业相或趣相,方为有分心的所缘缘。至此,所缘缘释义竟。
Yathā taṃ bheritale bherisaddā uppajjamānā tattha tattha hatthena paharaṇakāle eva khaṇe khaṇe uppajjanti, uppajjitvā ca khaṇe khaṇe nirujjhanti. Vīṇāsaddā uppajjamānā vīṇātantīsu tattha tattha vīṇādantakena paharaṇakāle eva khaṇe khaṇe uppajjanti, uppajjitvā ca khaṇe khaṇe nirujjhantīti. Niddāyantassa bhavaṅgacittappavatti kālepi pubbabhave maraṇāsannakāle chasu dvāresu āpāta māgatāni kamma kammanimitta gatinimittāni eva bhavaṅgacittānaṃ ārammaṇapaccayoti. Ārammaṇapaccayadīpanā niṭṭhitā.
