2. 受三法之注释
2. Vedanāttikavaṇṇanā
1在受三法中,三种受、色、涅槃——这些法不可得,因此说“缘一蕴而有二蕴”等。“结生刹那的乐受”——这是就有因结生而说。由于苦受在结生中不可得,故在第二转中未取结生。第三转中的“结生刹那”,也是就有因结生而说。此处的其余部分,以及此后诸缘,皆如经文中那样自然推演。各处都宣说三转。因此说:“因缘有三……乃至……不离有三。”
1. Vedanāttike tisso vedanā rūpaṃ nibbānanti ime dhammā na labbhanti, tasmā ekaṃ khandhaṃ paṭicca dve khandhātiādi vuttaṃ. Paṭisandhikkhaṇe sukhāya vedanāyāti sahetukapaṭisandhivasena vuttaṃ. Dukkhavedanā paṭisandhiyaṃ na labbhatīti dutiyavāre paṭisandhiggahaṇaṃ na kataṃ. Tatiyavāre paṭisandhikkhaṇeti sahetukapaṭisandhivasena vuttaṃ. Sesamettha ito paresu ca paccayesu yathāpāḷimeva niyyāti. Sabbattha tayo tayo vārā vuttā. Tena vuttaṃ hetuyā tīṇi…pe… avigate tīṇīti.
6然而,在缘的合会中,由于不存在有因的异熟苦受,因此在因根理趣中宣说“异熟中有二”。在与增上等诸缘合会时,异熟中也唯有二。何以故?因为异熟中,于苦受而言,增上、禅那、道皆不存在。而那些与之合会时,异熟中得二转;在与异熟合会时,那些中也唯有二。
6. Paccayasaṃsandane pana sahetukāya vipākadukkhavedanāya abhāvato hetumūlakanaye vipāke dveti vuttaṃ. Adhipatiādīhi saddhiṃ saṃsandanesupi vipāke dveyeva. Kasmā? Vipāke dukkhavedanāya adhipatijhānamaggānaṃ abhāvato. Yehi ca saddhiṃ saṃsandane vipāke dve vārā labbhanti, vipākena saddhiṃ saṃsandane tesupi dveyeva.
10在遮诠中,非前生、无色界及结生中无苦受,故有二转。非离系中,亦因无色界无苦而唯有二。然而,在此遮诠转中,摄持一切色法的俱生等缘即被舍离。何以故?与受相应之法,缘与受相应者,若无俱生等缘则不生起,若无后生缘亦不生起。
10. Paccanīye napurejāte āruppe ca paṭisandhiyañca dukkhavedanāya abhāvato dve vārā āgatā. Navippayuttepi āruppe dukkhābhāvato dveyeva. Sabbaarūpadhammapariggāhakā pana sahajātādayo paccayā imasmiṃ paccanīyavāre parihāyanti. Kasmā? Vedanāsampayuttassa dhammassa vedanāsampayuttaṃ paṭicca sahajātādīhi vinā anuppattito pacchājātapaccayañca vināva uppattito.
17在缘的合会中,“非前生有一”,是就无色界、结生及无因不苦不乐受相应而言。“非业有二”,是就无因唯作相应思而说。因为,缘与乐受及不苦不乐受相应之法,与他们受相应之无因唯作思生起。在非因缘、非异熟缘中,也是同样的理趣。“非离系有一”,是就无色界中的转向而说。依此方法,应知一切合会中的计数。
17. Paccayasaṃsandane pana napurejāte ekanti āruppe paṭisandhiyañca ahetukādukkhamasukhavedanāsampayuttaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Nakamme dveti ahetukakiriyasampayuttacetanāvasena vuttaṃ. Sukhāya hi adukkhamasukhāya ca vedanāya sampayutte dhamme paṭicca tāhi vedanāhi sampayuttā ahetukakiriyacetanā uppajjanti. Nahetupaccayā navipākepi eseva nayo. Navippayutte ekanti āruppe āvajjanavasena vuttaṃ. Iminā upāyena sabbasaṃsandanesu gaṇanā veditabbā.
25-37在顺遮诠中,于遮诠所得之缘,即依遮诠而存立。在遮顺诠中,一切摄持色法的俱生等缘,是依顺而存立,非依遮诠。然而,无因心生起中无增上缘,故增上缘不依顺存立。缘转等中,后生缘依顺即不可得,因此被舍离。此处,依顺所得者,与依遮诠所得者相合而转,亦被关联。其中,三、二、一的三种转之区分,应于各处随宜审察。而此缘转中所说,于俱生转等中,亦是同样的注释理趣。
25-37. Anulomapaccanīye paccanīye laddhapaccayā eva paccanīyato tiṭṭhanti. Paccanīyānulome sabbā rūpadhammapariggāhakā sahajātādayo anulomatova tiṭṭhanti, na paccanīyato. Ahetukassa pana cittuppādassa adhipati natthīti adhipatipaccayo anulomato na tiṭṭhati. Paṭiccavārādīsu pana pacchājāto anulomato na labbhatiyevāti parihīno. Ye cettha anulomato labbhanti, te paccanīyato labbhamānehi saddhiṃ parivattetvāpi yojitāyeva. Tesu tīṇi dve ekanti tayova vāraparicchedā, te sabbattha yathānurūpaṃ sallakkhetabbā. Yo cāyaṃ paṭiccavāre vutto, sahajātavārādīsupi ayameva vaṇṇanānayo.
38在问分中,“相应蕴”:即与彼相应之蕴,或因他们之因,或因乐受等。
38. Pañhāvāre pana sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānanti tena saddhiṃ sampayuttakānaṃ khandhānaṃ tehiyeva vā hetūhi sukhavedanādīhi vā.
39“追悔者”:即于布施等中,生起“我为何作此?我作得不好,不作更好”这样的追悔;于禅那退失中,生起“我的禅那退失了,我真是损失重大”这样的追悔。“痴生起”:即与嗔俱行之痴。同样,“缘痴”也是指与嗔俱行之痴。
39.Vippaṭisārissāti dānādīsu tāva ‘‘kasmā mayā idaṃ kataṃ, duṭṭhu me kataṃ, akataṃ seyyo siyā’’ti evaṃ vippaṭisārissa. Jhānaparihāniyaṃ pana ‘‘parihīnaṃ me jhānaṃ, mahājāniyo vatamhī’’ti evaṃ vippaṭisārissa. Moho uppajjatīti dosasampayuttamoho. Tathā mohaṃ arabbhāti dosasampayuttamohameva.
45“与乐受相应的有分”,对于“与不苦不乐受相应的有分”而言,即称为彼所缘的后有分,是根本有分的后续。“出起”:即彼所缘或有分。因为这两者是从善、不善速行而出起,故称为“出起”。“唯作出起”:此处理趣相同。“果出起”:即果心相对于有分。因为有分从果出起,故称为出起。此后,凡出现“出起”之处,其理趣也是如此。
45.Sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya sampayuttassa bhavaṅgassāti tadārammaṇasaṅkhātaṃ piṭṭhibhavaṅgaṃ mūlabhavaṅgassa. Vuṭṭhānassāti tadārammaṇassa bhavaṅgassa vā. Ubhayampi hetaṃ kusalākusalajavanato vuṭṭhitattā vuṭṭhānanti vuccati. Kiriyaṃ vuṭṭhānassāti etthāpi eseva nayo. Phalaṃ vuṭṭhānassāti phalacittaṃ bhavaṅgassa. Bhavaṅgena hi phalato vuṭṭhito nāma hoti. Parato ‘‘vuṭṭhāna’’nti āgataṭṭhānesupi eseva nayo.
4646.“与苦受相应之蕴”:即与忧俱行的不善蕴。“与不苦不乐受相应之出起”:即称为“彼所缘”的客有分,或与舍俱行的根本有分。然而,若根本有分为悦俱,则彼所缘无生起之因;于速行所缘之外的其他所缘,不苦不乐受的不善异熟亦会生起。因其亦是从速行出起,故称为“出起”。俱生缘等之解说,其义自明。此处并无任何不能依前说理趣而了知者,故应善加观察。
46.Dukkhāya vedanāya sampayuttā khandhāti domanassasampayuttā akusalā khandhā. Adukkhamasukhāya vedanāya sampayuttassa vuṭṭhānassāti tadārammaṇasaṅkhātassa āgantukabhavaṅgassa vā upekkhāsampayuttamūlabhavaṅgassa vā. Sace pana somanassasahagataṃ mūlabhavaṅgaṃ hoti, tadārammaṇassa ca uppattikāraṇaṃ na hoti, javanassa ārammaṇato aññasmimpi ārammaṇe adukkhamasukhavedanaṃ akusalavipākaṃ uppajjateva. Tampi hi javanato vuṭṭhitattā vuṭṭhānanti vuccati. Sahajātapaccayādiniddesā uttānatthāyeva. Nahettha kiñci atthi, yaṃ na sakkā siyā heṭṭhā vuttanayena vedetuṃ, tasmā sādhukaṃ upalakkhetabbaṃ.
6262. 今为以计数显示于每一缘中所获之一切转起,故说“因缘有三种”等。其中,所有三种应理解为依纯粹三句而了知。所缘缘有九种,乃一根本、一究竟。增上缘有五种:依俱生增上,不混杂者有三种;依所缘增上,有“乐相应者对乐相应者、不苦不乐相应者对不苦不乐相应者”两种,此两种不应计入。然而,乐相应者对不苦不乐相应者、不苦不乐相应者对乐相应者,此两种应计入,如是共五种。无间缘与等无间缘有七种,即乐有两种,苦同样有两种,不苦不乐有三种,如是共七种。亲依止缘有九种,即:乐相应者对乐相应者以三种亲依止缘为缘,对苦相应者唯以自然亲依止缘为缘,对舍相应者以三种为缘;苦相应者对苦相应者以无间亲依止缘和自然亲依止缘为缘,对乐相应者以自然亲依止缘为缘,对不苦不乐相应者以两种为缘;不苦不乐相应者对不苦不乐相应者以三种为缘,同样对乐相应者以三种为缘,对苦相应者以无间亲依止缘和自然亲依止缘为缘,如是共九种。然则,于此依缘之差别,自然亲依止缘有九种,无间亲依止缘有七种,所缘亲依止缘有四种,共二十种亲依止缘。但前生缘和
62. Idāni yasmiṃ yasmiṃ paccaye ye ye vārā laddhā, sabbe te saṅkhipitvā gaṇanāya dassetuṃ hetuyā tīṇītiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha sabbāni tīṇi suddhānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ padānaṃ vasena veditabbāni. Ārammaṇe nava ekamūlakekāvasānāni. Adhipatiyā pañca sahajātādhipativasena amissāni tīṇi, ārammaṇādhipativasena ca ‘‘sukhāya sampayutto sukhāya sampayuttassa, adukkhamasukhāya sampayutto adukkhamasukhāya sampayuttassā’’ti dve, tāni na gaṇetabbāni. Sukhāya pana sampayutto adukkhamasukhāya, adukkhamasukhāya sampayutto sukhāyāti imāni dve gaṇetabbānīti evaṃ pañca. Anantarasamanantaresu sattāti sukhā dvinnaṃ, tathā dukkhā, adukkhamasukhā tiṇṇampīti evaṃ satta. Upanissaye navāti sukhasampayutto sukhasampayuttassa tīhipi upanissayehi, dukkhasampayuttassa pakatūpanissayeneva, upekkhāsampayuttassa tīhipi, dukkhasampayutto dukkhasampayuttassa anantarapakatūpanissayehi, sukhasampayuttassa pakatūpanissayena, adukkhamasukhasampayuttassa dvidhā, adukkhamasukhasampayutto adukkhamasukhasampayuttassa tidhāpi, tathā sukhasampayuttassa, dukkhasampayuttassa anantarapakatūpanissayehīti evaṃ nava. Paccayabhedato panettha pakatūpanissayā nava, anantarūpanissayā satta, ārammaṇūpanissayā cattāroti vīsati upanissayā. Purejātapacchājātā panettha chijjanti. Na hi purejātā pacchājātā vā arūpadhammā arūpadhammānaṃ paccayā honti.
业缘有八种:乐相应者对乐相应者以两种方式为缘,对苦相应者唯以异刹那业为缘,同样对其他者亦然;苦相应者对苦相应者以两种方式为缘,对乐相应者无,对其他者唯以异刹那业为缘;不苦不乐相应者对不苦不乐相应者以两种方式为缘,对其他者唯以异刹那业为缘,如是共八种。然则,于此依缘之差别,异刹那业有八种,俱生业有三种,共十一种业缘。正如前生缘和后生缘一般,不相应缘于此处亦被截断,因无色法不能成为无色法之不相应缘故。无有缘和离去缘有七种,与无间缘相似。如是,于此有三种、五种、七种、八种、九种,共五种计数之分界。依此诸种,于缘之关联中,应结合较少之计数,去除关联中多余及未获得者,而了知计数。
Kammeaṭṭhāti sukhasampayutto sukhasampayuttassa dvidhāpi, dukkhasampayuttassa nānākkhaṇikatova tathā itarassa. Dukkhasampayutto dukkhasampayuttassa dvidhāpi, sukhasampayuttassa natthi, itarassa nānākkhaṇikatova adukkhamasukhasampayutto adukkhamasukhasampayuttassa dvidhāpi, itaresaṃ nānākkhaṇikatoti evaṃ aṭṭha. Paccayabhedato panettha nānākkhaṇikā aṭṭha, sahajātā tīṇīti ekādasa kammapaccayā. Yathā ca purejātapacchājātā, evaṃ vippayuttapaccayopettha chijjati. Arūpadhammā hi arūpadhammānaṃ vippayuttapaccayo na honti. Natthivigatesu satta anantarasadisāva. Evamettha tīṇi pañca satta aṭṭha navāti pañca gaṇanaparicchedā. Tesaṃ vasena paccayasaṃsandane ūnataragaṇanena saddhiṃ saṃsandanesu atirekañca alabbhamānañca apanetvā gaṇanā veditabbā.
63-64因缘存在时,所缘缘不可得;无间缘等亦复如是。增上缘有两种,即除去“苦”句所余之二种。何以故?与苦相应者无有因缘及增上缘可得,是故除去。其余二种,理亦如是。如是,于因根中有两种计数分限,依此而说六种组合。其中,第一种依非异熟、智不相应、无增上之法而说;第二种依唯是异熟之法而说;第三、第四种依唯是智相应之法而说;第五种依非异熟、有增上、无痴而说;第六种依异熟、有增上、无痴而说。或复,第一种依一切因,第二种依一切异熟因,第三种依一切无痴因,第四种依一切异熟无痴因,第五种依一切有增上无痴,第六种依一切有增上异熟无痴。
63-64. Hetuyā saddhiṃ ārammaṇaṃ na labbhati, tathā anantarādayo. Adhipatiyā dveti dukkhapadaṃ ṭhapetvā sesāni dve. Dukkhasampayutto hi hetu adhipati nāma natthi, tasmā so na labbhatīti apanīto. Sesadvayesupi eseva nayo. Iti hetumūlake dveyeva gaṇanaparicchedā, tesaṃ vasena cha ghaṭanāni vuttāni. Tesu paṭhamaṃ avipākabhūtānaṃ ñāṇavippayuttanirādhipatidhammānaṃ vasena vuttaṃ, dutiyaṃ tesaññeva vipākabhūtānaṃ, tatiyacatutthāni tesaññeva ñāṇasampayuttānaṃ, pañcamaṃ avipākabhūtasādhipatiamohavasena, chaṭṭhaṃ vipākabhūtasādhipatiamohavasena. Paṭhamaṃ vā sabbahetuvasena, dutiyaṃ sabbavipākahetuvasena, tatiyaṃ sabbāmohahetuvasena, catutthaṃ sabbavipākāmohahetuvasena. Pañcamaṃ sabbasādhipatiamohavasena, chaṭṭhaṃ sabbasādhipativipākāmohavasena.
66于所缘根中,增上缘有四种,即依所缘增上力:乐对乐、乐对不苦不乐,不苦不乐对不苦不乐、不苦不乐对乐,如是有四种。于亲依止缘中,亦依所缘亲依止缘而说四种。然而,此处之组合唯有一种。于增上根等中,亦如前说之法,善加观察何者可得、何者不可得已,应了知关联、组合及计数。
66. Ārammaṇamūlake adhipatiyā cattārīti ārammaṇādhipativasena sukhaṃ sukhassa, adukkhamasukhassa, adukkhamasukhaṃ adukkhamasukhassa, sukhassāti evaṃ cattāri. Upanissayepi ārammaṇūpanissayavasena cattāro vuttā. Ghaṭanāni panettha ekameva. Adhipatimūlakādīsupi heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva yaṃ labbhati yañca na labbhati, taṃ sabbaṃ sādhukaṃ sallakkhetvā saṃsandanaghaṭanagaṇanā veditabbā.
83-87于遮诠中,依善三法中所说之法,从顺中抽出诸缘,随于他们所得之转起,以遮诠之计数方式,说“非因缘有九种”,即于一切缘中显示了九种转起。这些应依九种一根本、一究竟之解答,如“与乐受相应之法,以非因缘为缘,成为与乐受相应之法的缘;以与乐受相应之心行布施后”等法,抽出巴利文以作显示。然而,于此缘之关联中,非因缘……非亲依止缘有八种,应依异刹那业缘而了知。何以故?弱业非异熟之亲依止缘,唯是以异刹那业缘而为缘。其余于此,以及于顺遮、遮顺中,依于他们缘之组合所获之转起,能如前说之法而计数,是故不详述。
83-87. Paccanīyamhi kusalattike vuttanayeneva anulomato paccaye uddharitvā tattha laddhānaṃ vārānaṃ vasena paccanīyato gaṇanavasena nahetuyā navāti sabbapaccayesu nava vārā dassitā . Te ekamūlakekāvasānānaṃ navannaṃ vissajjanānaṃ vasena ‘‘sukhāya vedanāya sampayutto dhammo sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttassa dhammassa nahetupaccayena paccayo, sukhāya vedanāya sampayuttena cittena dānaṃ datvā’’tiādinā nayena pāḷiṃ uddharitvā dassetabbā. Paccayasaṃsandane panettha nahetupaccayā…pe… naupanissaye aṭṭhāti nānākkhaṇikakammapaccayavasena veditabbā. Dubbalakammañhi vipākassa na upanissayo hoti. Kevalaṃ pana nānākkhaṇikakammapaccayeneva paccayo hoti. Sesamettha anulomapaccanīyapaccanīyānulomesu ca tesaṃ tesaṃ paccayānaṃ yoge laddhavāravasena sakkā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva gaṇetuṃ, tasmā na vitthāritanti.