5. 谛之双论
5. Saccayamakaṃ
1. 施设品之释
1. Paṇṇattivāravaṇṇanā
1-9现在是对在根本双论中已教导的善等诸法,以谛的方式归纳后,在界双论之后所教导的谛双论的注释。在此,也应如前所述,了知施设品、转起品等三个大品,以及中间品等其余分类。然而,在施设品中,应依四种谛来了知双论的计数,即在此四种转起中:语句清净转起、语句清净根本轮转起、纯谛转起、纯谛根本轮转起。
1-9. Idāni teyeva mūlayamake desite kusalādidhamme saccavasena saṅgaṇhitvā dhātuyamakānantaraṃ desitassa saccayamakassa vaṇṇanā hoti. Tatthāpi heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva paṇṇattivārādayo tayo mahāvārā antaravārādayo ca avasesappabhedā veditabbā. Paṇṇattivāre panettha catunnaṃ saccānaṃ vasena padasodhanavāro, padasodhanamūlacakkavāro, suddhasaccavāro, suddhasaccamūlacakkavāroti imesu catūsu vāresu yamakagaṇanā veditabbā.
10-26然而,在施设品解说中,应知“其余的属于苦谛”是指除了苦受与渴爱之外的三地诸法。“其余的属于集谛”是指在谛分别中所说的欲界善等分类,是苦谛的缘。“其余的属于灭谛”是指彼分灭、镇伏灭、正断灭、安息灭以及刹那灭。“其余的属于道谛”是指“那时,有五支道、八支道、邪道、胫道、车道”等。
10-26. Paṇṇattivāraniddese pana avasesaṃ dukkhasaccanti dukkhavedanāya ceva taṇhāya ca vinimuttā tebhūmakadhammā veditabbā. Avaseso samudayoti saccavibhaṅge niddiṭṭhakāmāvacarakusalādibhedo dukkhasaccassa paccayo. Avaseso nirodhoti tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭipassaddhinirodho ceva khaṇabhaṅganirodho ca. Avaseso maggoti ‘‘tasmiṃ kho pana samaye pañcaṅgiko maggo hoti, aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, micchāmaggo, jaṅghamaggo, sakaṭamaggo’’ti evamādiko.
2. 转起品之释
2. Pavattivāravaṇṇanā
27-164然而,在此转起品中,对于现在时补特伽罗转起的随顺,说:“若某人的苦谛生起,则其集谛生起;或者,若某人的集谛生起,则其苦谛生起。”由此,应取苦谛根本的三对、集谛根本的二对及灭谛根本的一对中可得与不可得的情形,依圣典而有六对双论。其中,由于灭谛既非生起也非灭去,故不适用,因此成了三对双论:以苦谛为根本而与集谛、道谛相关的两对,以及以集谛为根本而与道谛相关的一对。在其逆随顺中,以及在处所转起等中,也是如此。如此,在这一切转起中,应知依三对三对的双论而作双论计数。然而,在此义理决断中,其特征如下:在此谛双论的转起品中,灭谛尚不可得。在其余三者中,集谛和道谛唯在转起中可得。苦谛在死生时和转起中皆可得。而过去、未来、现在三时,依死生和转起皆可得。如此,在此,依何者可得,即依彼而了知义理决断。
27-164. Pavattivāre panettha paccuppannakāle puggalavārassa anulomanaye ‘‘yassa dukkhasaccaṃ uppajjati, tassa samudayasaccaṃ uppajjati; yassa vā pana samudayasaccaṃ uppajjati, tassa dukkhasaccaṃ uppajjatī’’ti dukkhasaccamūlakehi tīhi, samudayasaccamūlakehi dvīhi, nirodhasaccamūlakena ekenāti labbhamānañca alabbhamānañca gahetvā pāḷivasena chahi yamakehi bhavitabbaṃ. Tesu yasmā nirodhassa neva uppādo, na nirodho yujjati, tasmā dukkhasaccamūlakāni samudayasaccamaggasaccehi saddhiṃ dve, samudayasaccamūlakaṃ maggasaccena saddhiṃ ekanti tīṇi yamakāni āgatāni. Tassa paṭilomanayepi okāsavārādīsupi eseva nayo. Evamettha sabbavāresu tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ yamakānaṃ vasena yamakagaṇanā veditabbā. Atthavinicchaye panettha idaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ – imassa hi saccayamakassa pavattivāre nirodhasaccaṃ tāva na labbhateva. Sesesu pana tīsu samudayasaccamaggasaccāni ekantena pavattiyaṃyeva labbhanti. Dukkhasaccaṃ cutipaṭisandhīsupi pavattepi labbhati. Paccuppannādayo pana tayo kālā cutipaṭisandhīnampi pavattiyāpi vasena labbhanti. Evamettha yaṃ yaṃ labbhati, tassa tassa vasena atthavinicchayo veditabbo.
此中,入门方法如下:“一切结生者”,乃至包括净居天者,他们亦是以苦谛而结生。“渴爱不相应心的”是为了显示在苦谛与集谛中有一部分生起的情况而说。因此,应唯依五蕴有而取。在四蕴有中,于渴爱不相应的果等至心生起之刹那,连一谛也不生起,此不应在此取。“他们的苦谛”是指在彼刹那,除了渴爱之外,其余的是苦谛,故如此说。在道生起之刹那,也是同样的道理。然而,在那里,只有色是苦谛,其余与道相应之法为离谛。正是由于这个原因,而说“在无色界道生起之刹那,他们的道谛生起,而他们的苦谛不生起”。“一切结生者,在转起中,于渴爱不相应心的生起刹那,他们的……在那里”,即在他们结生之刹那,以及在渴爱不相应心生起之刹那,如此,在此应依刹那而了知处所。在其他类似情况中,也是如此。“未现观者”指未达到名为四谛通达之现观的众生。“已现观者”指已现观谛者。应以此入门方法,在一切处了知义理决断。
Tatridaṃ nayamukhaṃ – sabbesaṃ upapajjantānanti antamaso suddhāvāsānampi. Tepi hi dukkhasacceneva upapajjanti. Taṇhāvippayuttacittassāti idaṃ dukkhasaccasamudayasaccesu ekakoṭṭhāsassa uppattidassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasmā pañcavokāravaseneva gahetabbaṃ. Catuvokāre pana taṇhāvippayuttassa phalasamāpatticittassa uppādakkhaṇe ekampi saccaṃ nuppajjati. Idaṃ idha na gahetabbaṃ. Tesaṃ dukkhasaccañcāti tasmiñhi khaṇe taṇhaṃ ṭhapetvā sesaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ nāma hotīti sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Maggassa uppādakkhaṇepi eseva nayo. Tattha pana rūpameva dukkhasaccaṃ nāma. Sesā maggasampayuttakā dhammā saccavinimuttā. Teneva kāraṇena ‘‘arūpe maggassa uppādakkhaṇe tesaṃ maggasaccaṃ uppajjati, no ca tesaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ uppajjatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Sabbesaṃ upapajjantānaṃ pavatte taṇhāvippayuttacittassa uppādakkhaṇe tesaṃ tatthāti tesaṃ tasmiṃ upapattikkhaṇe taṇhāvippayuttacittuppattikkhaṇe cāti evamettha khaṇavasena okāso veditabbo. Aññesupi evarūpesu eseva nayo. Anabhisametāvīnanti catusaccapaṭivedhasaṅkhātaṃ abhisamayaṃ appattasattānaṃ. Abhisametāvīnanti abhisamitasaccānanti. Iminā nayamukhena sabbattha atthavinicchayo veditabbo.
3. 遍知品之释
3. Pariññāvāravaṇṇanā
165-170而于遍知品中,此处可得三种遍知:知遍知、度遍知与断遍知。又因出世间法中并无所谓遍知,故此处唯取二谛。其中,“遍知苦谛”是依知遍知及度遍知而说;“断集谛”则是依知遍知及断遍知而说。如此,应依这些遍知,于一切句中明了其义理。
165-170. Pariññāvāre pana ñātapariññā, tīraṇapariññā, pahānapariññāti tissopettha pariññāyo labbhanti. Yasmā ca lokuttaradhammesu pariññā nāma natthi; tasmā idha dve saccāni gahitāni. Tattha dukkhasaccaṃ parijānātīti ñātatīraṇapariññāvaseneva vuttaṃ. Samudayasaccaṃ pajahatīti ñātapahānapariññāvasena. Iti imāsaṃ pariññānaṃ vasena sabbapadesu attho veditabboti.