6. 行双论
6. Saṅkhārayamakaṃ
1. 施设品释
1. Paṇṇattivāravaṇṇanā
1现在,对于根本双论中所开示的善等诸法,依其可得的方式,摄集其中一部分之后,对紧接谛双论而说的行双论进行注释。其中,亦应如前所述,了知施设品等三大品,以及中间品等其余分类。然而,此处有一差别:在施设品中,如下文所行,先举出蕴等法之后,便以“色是色蕴;眼是眼处;眼是眼界;苦是苦谛”等句的净化门作为起始。但此处并未如此开始,而是首先将三种行分别显示:“入出息是身行”。
1. Idāni tesaññeva mūlayamake desitānaṃ kusalādidhammānaṃ labbhamānavasena ekadesaṃ saṅgaṇhitvā saccayamakānantaraṃ desitassa saṅkhārayamakassa vaṇṇanā hoti. Tatthāpi heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva paṇṇattivārādayo tayo mahāvārā, antaravārādayo ca avasesapabhedā veditabbā. Ayaṃ panettha viseso – paṇṇattivāre tāva yathā heṭṭhā khandhādayo dhamme uddisitvā ‘‘rūpaṃ rūpakkhandho; cakkhu cakkhāyatanaṃ; cakkhu cakkhudhātu; dukkhaṃ dukkhasacca’’nti padasodhanavāro āraddho. Tathā anārabhitvā ‘‘assāsapassāsā kāyasaṅkhāro’’ti paṭhamaṃ tayopi saṅkhārā vibhajitvā dassitā.
其中,身之行即是身行。因为“入出息是身内的,这些法是系属于身的”这一说法,故以业生身为因,其果之行即是身行。另一种方式:被造作,故为行。被什么所造作?被身。因为此入出息,犹如风箱中的风,由业生身所造作。因此,身之行即是身行,意即由身所造的入出息之风。然而,根据“毗舍佉贤友,先有寻、伺,而后破出言语,因此寻、伺是语行”的说法:造作,故为行。造作什么?造作语。语之行即是语行。这是能令言语破出的寻与伺二者的名称。而根据“想与受是心所的,这些法是系属于心的”这一说法,在第三句中也同样:被造作,故为行。被什么所造作?被心。依具格的意义,心之行即是心行。这便是一切与心俱生的心所法的同义语。然而,由于寻、伺已以语行的身份被单独执取,故说“除去寻、伺”。
Tattha kāyassa saṅkhāro kāyasaṅkhāro. ‘‘Assāsapassāsā kāyikā, ete dhammā kāyappaṭibaddhā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.463; saṃ. ni. 4.348 atthato samānaṃ) hi vacanato kāraṇabhūtassa karajakāyassa phalabhūto eva saṅkhāroti kāyasaṅkhāro. Aparo nayo – saṅkhariyatīti saṅkhāro. Kena saṅkhariyatīti? Kāyena. Ayañhi vāto viya bhastāya karajakāyena saṅkhariyatīti. Evampi kāyassa saṅkhāroti kāyasaṅkhāro. Kāyena kato assāsapassāsavātoti attho. ‘‘Pubbeva kho, āvuso visākha, vitakketvā vicāretvā pacchā vācaṃ bhindati, tasmā vitakkavicārā vacīsaṅkhāro’’ti (ma. ni. 1.463; saṃ. ni. 4.348) vacanato pana saṅkharotīti saṅkhāro. Kiṃ saṅkharoti? Vaciṃ. Vaciyā saṅkhāroti vacīsaṅkhāro. Vacībhedasamuṭṭhāpakassa vitakkavicāradvayassetaṃ nāmaṃ. ‘‘Saññā ca vedanā ca cetasikā ete dhammā cittapaṭibaddhā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.463; saṃ. ni. 4.348) vacanatoyeva pana tatiyapadepi saṅkhariyatīti saṅkhāro. Kena saṅkhariyati? Cittena. Karaṇatthe sāmivacanaṃ katvā cittassa saṅkhāroti cittasaṅkhāro. Sabbesampi cittasamuṭṭhānānaṃ cetasikadhammānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vitakkavicārānaṃ pana vacīsaṅkhārabhāvena visuṃ gahitattā ‘‘ṭhapetvā vitakkavicāre’’ti vuttaṃ.
2-7现在开始“身是身行”的句子清净门。此中,顺次有三,逆次有三,共成六对双论。在句子清净根本轮转门中,以每一行为根本各作二门,顺次有六,逆次有六,合计十二对双论。而在纯行门中,如蕴清净门等所说“色是蕴,蕴是色;眼是处,处是眼”等双论方式,在此并未说“身是行,行是身”,而是以“身行是语行,语行是身行”等方法,以身行为根本说二门,以语行为根本说一门,顺次有三,逆次有三,在纯行门中总共宣说了六对双论。是什么原因呢?因为单一词纯粹的说法并无意义。恰如在蕴双论等中,由于以色等为特殊的蕴、以眼等为特殊的处等作为所趣,故“色是蕴,蕴是色;眼是处,处是眼”这样的单一词纯粹说法才具有意义。同样地,此处“身是行,行是身”则没有意义。然而,以“身行”两个词能获得同一个意义。因为以“入息或出息”这样的单一词纯粹说法没有意义,所以不说“身是行,行是身”。但是,“身是身行”等是应当说的。然而,这也由于以身体、语、心等词所趣之行并未被执取,所以不合理。因为这是纯行门。但在句子清净中,即使没有意义,言辞亦属合理,所以……”
},
{
2-7. Idāni kāyo kāyasaṅkhāroti padasodhanavāro āraddho. Tassa anulomanaye tīṇi, paṭilomanaye tīṇīti cha yamakāni. Padasodhanamūlacakkavāre ekekasaṅkhāramūlakāni dve dve katvā anulomanaye cha, paṭilomanaye chāti dvādasa yamakāni. Suddhasaṅkhāravāre pana yathā suddhakhandhavārādīsu ‘‘rūpaṃ khandho, khandhā rūpaṃ; cakkhu āyatanaṃ, āyatanā cakkhū’’tiādinā nayena yamakāni vuttāni. Evaṃ ‘‘kāyo saṅkhāro, saṅkhārā kāyo’’ti avatvā ‘‘kāyasaṅkhāro vacīsaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro kāyasaṅkhāro’’tiādinā nayena kāyasaṅkhāramūlakāni dve, vacīsaṅkhāramūlakaṃ ekanti anulome tīṇi, paṭilome tīṇīti sabbānipi suddhikavāre cha yamakāni vuttāni. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Suddhikaekekapadavasena atthābhāvato. Yathā hi khandhayamakādīsu rūpādivisiṭṭhānaṃ khandhānaṃ cakkhādivisiṭṭhānañca āyatanādīnaṃ adhippetattā ‘‘rūpaṃ khandho , khandhā rūpaṃ, cakkhu āyatanaṃ, āyatanā cakkhū’’ti suddhikaekekapadavasena attho atthi. Evamidha ‘‘kāyo saṅkhāro, saṅkhārā kāyo’’ti natthi. Kāyasaṅkhāroti pana dvīhipi padehi ekova attho labbhati. Assāso vā passāso vāti suddhikaekekapadavasena atthābhāvato ‘‘kāyo saṅkhāro, saṅkhārā kāyo’’ti na vuttaṃ. ‘‘Kāyo kāyasaṅkhāro’’tiādi pana vattabbaṃ siyā. Tampi kāyavacīcittapadehi idha adhippetānaṃ saṅkhārānaṃ aggahitattā na yujjati. Suddhasaṅkhāravāro hesa. Padasodhane pana vināpi atthena vacanaṃ yujjatīti tattha so nayo gahitova. Idha pana kāyasaṅkhārassa vacīsaṅkhārādīhi, vacīsaṅkhārassa ca cittasaṅkhārādīhi, cittasaṅkhārassa ca kāyasaṅkhārādīhi, aññattā ‘‘kāyasaṅkhāro vacīsaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, kāyasaṅkhāro’’ti ekekasaṅkhāramūlakāni dve dve katvā cha yamakāni yujjanti. Tesu aggahitaggahaṇena tīṇeva labbhanti. Tasmā tāneva dassetuṃ anulomanaye tīṇi, paṭilomanaye tīṇīti cha yamakāni vuttāni. Suddhasaṅkhāramūlacakkavāro panettha na gahitoti. Evaṃ paṇṇattivārassa uddesavāro veditabbo.
8-18然而,在其解说门中,顺次中,因为身等并非就是身行等的名称,所以作了“非”的否定。逆次中,“非身非身行”是问:凡非身者,是否也非身行?“身行非身是身行”的意思是:身行不是身,然而它只是身行。“其余”并非仅指其余两种行,而是指除了身行之外的一切其余法,包括有为、无为、施设的差别,既非身,也非身行。应以这种方法了知一切解答中的意义。
8-18. Niddesavāre panassa anulome tāva yasmā na kāyādayova kāyasaṅkhārādīnaṃ nāmaṃ, tasmā noti paṭisedho kato. Paṭilome na kāyo na kāyasaṅkhāroti yo na kāyo so kāyasaṅkhāropi na hotīti pucchati. Kāyasaṅkhāro na kāyo kāyasaṅkhāroti kāyasaṅkhāro kāyo na hoti, kāyasaṅkhāroyeva panesoti attho. Avasesanti na kevalaṃ sesasaṅkhāradvayameva. Kāyasaṅkhāravinimuttaṃ pana sesaṃ sabbampi saṅkhatāsaṅkhatapaṇṇattibhedaṃ dhammajātaṃ neva kāyo, na kāyasaṅkhāroti iminā upāyena sabbavissajjanesu attho veditabboti.
2. 转起品释
2. Pavattivāravaṇṇanā
19在此转起品中,于现在时的补特伽罗门顺次,“凡身行生起时,彼语行生起”等,以身行为根本的二门、以语行为根本的一门,唯独获得三对双论,这些已被采用。在其逆次以及时节门等之中,也是同样的道理。如此,在此一切门中,应当以每一门三对双论的方式来了解双论的计数。
19. Pavattivāre panettha paccuppannakāle puggalavārassa anulomanaye ‘‘yassa kāyasaṅkhāro uppajjati, tassa vacīsaṅkhāro uppajjatī’’ti kāyasaṅkhāramūlakāni dve, vacīsaṅkhāramūlakaṃ ekanti tīṇeva yamakāni labbhanti; tāni gahitāneva. Tassa paṭilomanayepi okāsavārādīsupi eseva nayo. Evamettha sabbavāresu tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ yamakānaṃ vasena yamakagaṇanā veditabbā.
然而,在此处的义理决断中,其特征如下:于《行双论》中,由“在入出息生起的刹那,在寻与伺生起的刹那”等说法可知,也应依转起的方式把握现在等时间的差异,并非只依死亡与结生。又由“在第二禅、第三禅中,身行在那里生起”等说法,应知禅那也是依处所的方式而被把握的。如此,对于此处所能获取的各种情况,应各自依其方式了知义理的决断。
Atthavinicchaye panettha idaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ – imasmiñhi saṅkhārayamake ‘‘assāsapassāsānaṃ uppādakkhaṇe vitakkavicārānaṃ uppādakkhaṇe’’tiādivacanato paccuppannādikālabhedo pavattivasenāpi gahetabbo, na cutipaṭisandhivaseneva. ‘‘Dutiyajjhāne tatiyajjhāne tattha kāyasaṅkhāro uppajjatī’’tiādivacanato ca jhānampi okāsavasena gahitanti veditabbaṃ. Evamettha yaṃ yaṃ labbhati, tassa tassa vasena atthavinicchayo veditabbo.
于此,这是入门的引导:“无寻无伺”是就第二禅与第三禅而说。“那些”是指那些具足第二禅与第三禅者。“欲界”是指生于欲界的有情。然而,色界天没有入出息;无色界众生则完全没有色法。“无入出息”是就生于色界与无色界诸有的有情,仍有寻与伺生起而说的。
Tatridaṃ nayamukhaṃ – vinā vitakkavicārehīti dutiyatatiyajjhānavasena vuttaṃ. Tesanti tesaṃ dutiyatatiyajjhānasamaṅgīnaṃ. Kāmāvacarānanti kāmāvacare uppannasattānaṃ. Rūpāvacaradevānaṃ pana assāsapassāsā natthi. Arūpāvacarānaṃ rūpameva natthi. Vinā assāsapassāsehīti rūpārūpabhavesu nibbattasattānaṃ vitakkavicāruppattiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
21“在初禅、在欲界”,是指在欲界地中生起的初禅。而且,此处所说的初禅,应仅依支分的程度来把握,并非仅仅依于安止。因为即使在尚未达到安止的状态下,有寻有伺的心中生起时,这两种行也确实会生起。
21.Paṭhamajjhāne kāmāvacareti kāmāvacarabhūmiyaṃ uppanne paṭhamajjhāne. Aṅgamattavasena cettha paṭhamajjhānaṃ gahetabbaṃ, na appanāvaseneva. Anappanāpattepi hi savitakkasavicāracitte idaṃ saṅkhāradvayaṃ uppajjateva.
24“心的坏灭刹那”:这是就身行完全由心等起而说。因为心只在生起时才等起色法或非色法,并非在坏灭时。
24.Cittassabhaṅgakkhaṇeti idaṃ kāyasaṅkhārassa ekantacittasamuṭṭhānattā vuttaṃ. Uppajjamānameva hi cittaṃ rūpaṃ vā arūpaṃ vā samuṭṭhāpeti, na bhijjamānaṃ.
37“净居天者在第二心进行时”:这是指从结生心之后的第二个有分心。虽然即使在结生心进行时,他们的那些寻与伺也的确不在那里生起,但这样说旨在显示:只要异熟心未间断地相续,它们就的确不生起。或者,他们是由哪一禅的异熟心结生,那禅即使生起百次千次,也只是第一个心。然而,与异熟心不相似、因对生命的渴求而生起的转向心,被称为第二心。应知这是就此而说的。
37.Suddhāvāsānaṃ dutiye citte vattamāneti paṭisandhito dutiye bhavaṅgacitte. Kāmañcetaṃ paṭisandhicittepi vattamāne tesaṃ tattha nuppajjittheva. Yāva pana abbokiṇṇaṃ vipākacittaṃ vattati, tāva nuppajjittheva nāmāti dassanatthametaṃ vuttaṃ. Yassa vā jhānassa vipākacittena te nibbattā, taṃ satasopi sahassasopi uppajjamānaṃ paṭhamacittameva. Vipākacittena pana visadisaṃ bhavanikantiyā āvajjanacittaṃ dutiyacittaṃ nāma. Taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
44“具足最后心者”:指那些以无结生的最后心而成为具足者的漏尽者。“无寻无伺的最后心”:这是依色界第二禅等者的死心,以及无色界第四禅等者的死心而说。“那些”:指那些具足最后心等者。
44.Pacchimacittasamaṅgīnanti sabbapacchimena appaṭisandhikacittena samaṅgībhūtānaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ. Avitakkaavicāraṃ pacchimacittanti rūpāvacarānaṃ dutiyajjhānikādicuticittavasena, arūpāvacarānañca catutthajjhānikacuticittavasenetaṃ vuttaṃ. Tesanti tesaṃ pacchimacittasamaṅgīādīnaṃ.
79“若某人的身行灭,则其心行灭”:在此处,由于身行必定与心行在同一刹那灭去,因此回答“是”。而不是心行与身行一同灭去。原因何在?因为心行即使没有身行,也能生起、灭去。然而,身行是由心等起的入出息之风。由心等起的色法,在心生起的刹那产生后,会持续住立,直至其他十六个心相继生起为止。它与这十六个心中的最后一个心一同灭去。因此,相对于与之同时生起的心,它与第十七个心一同灭去。它不在任何心的生起刹那或住立刹那灭去,也不在住立刹那或坏灭刹那生起。这是由心等起的色法的法性。因此,由于身行必定与心行在同一刹那灭去,才说“是”。不过,在《分别论》的锡兰古注中,有说“由心等起的色法,在第十七个心的生起刹那灭去”,这与本圣典相违。圣典的权威胜于注释,故应以圣典所说为准。
79.Yassa kāyasaṅkhāro nirujjhati, tassa cittasaṅkhāro nirujjhatīti ettha niyamato kāyasaṅkhārassa cittasaṅkhārena saddhiṃ ekakkhaṇe nirujjhanato āmantāti paṭivacanaṃ dinnaṃ. Na cittasaṅkhārassa kāyasaṅkhārena saddhiṃ. Kiṃ kāraṇā? Cittasaṅkhāro hi kāyasaṅkhārena vināpi uppajjati ca nirujjhati ca. Kāyasaṅkhāro pana cittasamuṭṭhāno assāsapassāsavāto. Cittasamuṭṭhānarūpañca cittassa uppādakkhaṇe uppajjitvā yāva aññāni soḷasacittāni uppajjanti, tāva tiṭṭhati. Tesaṃ soḷasannaṃ sabbapacchimena saddhiṃ nirujjhatīti yena cittena saddhiṃ uppajjati, tato paṭṭhāya sattarasamena saddhiṃ nirujjhati. Na kassaci cittassa uppādakkhaṇe vā ṭhitikkhaṇe vā nirujjhati, nāpi ṭhitikkhaṇe vā bhaṅgakkhaṇe vā uppajjati. Esā cittasamuṭṭhānarūpassa dhammatāti niyamato cittasaṅkhārena saddhiṃ ekakkhaṇe nirujjhanato āmantāti vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana vibhaṅgappakaraṇassa sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ rūpaṃ sattarasamassa cittassa uppādakkhaṇe nirujjhatī’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ imāya pāḷiyā virūjjhati. Aṭṭhakathāto ca pāḷiyeva balavatarāti pāḷiyaṃ vuttameva pamāṇaṃ.
128“若某人的身行生起,则其语行灭”:在此处,因为身行在心的生起刹那生起,而在那一刹那,寻与伺并不灭去,因此否定地回答“否”。应以这一入门方式,了知一切处的义理决断。遍知品是自明的。
128.Yassa kāyasaṅkhāro uppajjati, tassa vacīsaṅkhāro nirujjhatīti ettha yasmā kāyasaṅkhāro cittassa uppādakkhaṇe uppajjati, na ca tasmiṃ khaṇe vitakkavicārā nirujjhanti, tasmā noti paṭisedho katoti. Iminā nayamukhena sabbattha atthavinicchayo veditabbo. Pariññāvāro pākatikoyevāti.