第十五品
15. Pannarasamavaggo
缘性论注释
1. Paccayatākathāvaṇṇanā
711-717711-717节。今为缘性论。其中,有一类执见认为:凡是以因缘为缘的法,对于这些以它为因缘的法,它并不以所缘缘、无间缘、等无间缘为缘;或者,凡是以所缘缘为缘的法,对于这些以它为所缘缘的法,它并不以无间缘、等无间缘为缘,因此缘性是确定的。例如大众部等,针对他们,自宗论师提问,他宗论师承认。此处其余内容,唯依巴利原文而得。
711-717. Idāni paccayatākathā nāma hoti. Tattha yo dhammo hetupaccayena paccayo, so yesaṃ hetupaccayena paccayo, tesaññeva yasmā ārammaṇānantarasamanantarapaccayena paccayo na hoti, yo vā ārammaṇapaccayena paccayo, so yasmā tesaṃyeva anantarasamanantarapaccayena paccayo na hoti, tasmā paccayatā vavatthitāti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi mahāsaṅghikānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesamettha yathāpāḷimeva niyyātīti.
互相缘论注释
2. Aññamaññapaccayakathāvaṇṇanā
718-719718–719节。接下来是“相互缘论”。其中,有些部派执持:“无明缘行”这一句才是定论,“行也缘无明”这一句并不存在,因此唯有无明是行的缘,而行并非无明的缘,例如大众部等。为了显示无明与行等也有相互缘性,自宗论师就此提问,他宗论师予以认可。在“无明以行为缘”的句子里,此处只取了非福行。因此,在“行也缘无明”的句子里,应知是以俱生、相互、有、不离、相应等力而为缘。在“取也缘渴爱”的句子里,应知除了欲取之外,其余三取对于渴爱,犹如无明对于行一般,成为缘。其余内容,仅依巴利原文而得。关于“老死为缘”是向他宗论师提问,“名色以识为缘”则是自宗论师所说。
718-719. Idāni aññamaññapaccayakathā nāma hoti. Tattha yesaṃ samaye ‘‘avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā’’ti ayameva tanti, ‘‘saṅkhārapaccayāpi avijjā’’ti ayaṃ natthi, tasmā avijjāva saṅkhārānaṃ paccayo, na pana saṅkhārā avijjāyāti laddhi, seyyathāpi mahāsaṅghikānaṃ; te sandhāya avijjāsaṅkhārādīnaṃ aññamaññapaccayatāpi atthīti dassetuṃ pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa . Avijjā saṅkhārenāti ettha apuññābhisaṅkhārova gahito. Tasmā saṅkhārapaccayāpi avijjāti ettha sahajātaaññamaññaatthiavigatasampayuttavasena paccayatā veditabbā. Upādānapaccayāpi taṇhāti ettha ṭhapetvā kāmupādānaṃ sesāni tīṇi upādānāni avijjāya saṅkhārā viya taṇhāya paccayā hontīti veditabbāni. Sesaṃ yathāpāḷimeva niyyāti. Jarāmaraṇapaccayāti pucchā paravādissa, nāmarūpaṃ viññāṇapaccayāti sakavādissāti.
时分论注释
3. Addhākathāvaṇṇanā
720-721720–721节。接下来是“时分论”。其中,有部派依“比丘们,有三种论事”这一经,执持名为时分的“时”是实有的。例如某派。自宗论师为了显示“除了假立的时间概念之外,并无任何实有的时分,唯有色等诸蕴才是实有的”这一差别,便问:“时分是实有的吗?”他宗论师承认。接着为了责难他:“若它是实有的,必定是色等中的某一种”,便说“是色吗?”等。他宗论师予以否认。其余内容,仅依巴利原文而得。
720-721. Idāni addhākathā nāma hoti. Tattha ‘‘tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, kathāvatthūnī’’ti (a. ni. 3.68) suttaṃ nissāya kālasaṅkhāto addhā nāma parinipphanno atthīti yesaṃ laddhi; tesaṃ ‘‘addhā nāma koci parinipphanno natthi aññatra kālapaññattimattā. Rūpādayo pana khandhāva parinipphannā’’ti vibhāgaṃ dassetuṃ addhā parinipphannoti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘sace so parinipphanno, rūpādīsu anena aññatarena bhavitabba’’nti codetuṃ rūpantiādimāha. Itaro paṭikkhipati. Sesaṃ yathāpāḷimeva niyyātīti.
4. 刹那、腊瓦、须臾论释
4. Khaṇalayamuhuttakathāvaṇṇanā
722-723722–723节。在刹那、腊瓦、须臾论中,也是同样的道理。因为所有这些刹那等,都只是时分的异名。
722-723. Khaṇalayamuhuttakathāsupi eseva nayo. Sabbepi hete khaṇādayo addhāpariyāyā evāti.
5. 漏论释
5. Āsavakathāvaṇṇanā
724-725接下来是漏论。于此,因为除了四漏之外,并无其他漏能使四漏成为有漏,所以有些人执取“四漏是无漏”的见解,如因论者等。针对他们,自宗论师发问,他宗论师承认。然后为责难他:“如果你的那些漏是无漏,它们就应具有道等特征”,于是说“是道吗?”等。此处其余内容,意义明显。
724-725. Idāni āsavakathā nāma hoti. Tattha yasmā catūhi āsavehi uttari añño āsavo nāma natthi, yena cattāro āsavā sāsavā siyuṃ, tasmā cattāro āsavā anāsavāti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi hetuvādānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘yadi te āsavā anāsavā, evaṃ sante tehi maggādilakkhaṇappattehi bhavitabba’’nti codetuṃ maggotiādimāha. Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti.
6. 老死论释
6. Jarāmaraṇakathāvaṇṇanā
726-727接下来是老死论。于此,老死并非实有之法,故不可说它是世间或出世间。因为在“世间法、出世间法”的二法集中,老死既不列在世间法下,也不列出世间法下。而有些人无视此特征,执取“出世法之老死是出世间”的见解,如大众部等。针对他们,自宗论师发问,他宗论师承认。此处其余内容,仅依巴利原文而得。
726-727. Idāni jarāmaraṇakathā nāma hoti. Tattha jarāmaraṇaṃ nāma aparinipphannattā lokiyanti vā lokuttaranti vā na vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Lokiyā dhammā lokuttarā dhammā’’ti hi duke jarāmaraṇaṃ neva lokiyapade, na lokuttarapade niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tattha yesaṃ imaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ anādiyitvā lokuttarānaṃ dhammānaṃ jarāmaraṇaṃ lokuttaranti laddhi, seyyathāpi mahāsaṅghikānaṃ, te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesamettha yathāpāḷimeva niyyātīti.
7. 想受论之解释
7. Saññāvedayitakathāvaṇṇanā
728-729接下来是想受论。于此,想受灭定并非某种法,只是四蕴的灭。因此,它既非世间,也非出世间。然而,有些人执取“因为不是世间,所以是出世间”的见解,如因论者等。针对他们,自宗论师发问,他宗论师承认。其余内容,与前述论相似。
728-729. Idāni saññāvedayitakathā nāma hoti. Tattha saññāvedayitanirodhasamāpatti nāma na koci dhammo, catunnaṃ pana khandhānaṃ nirodho. Iti sā neva lokiyā na lokuttarā. Yasmā pana lokiyā na hoti, tasmā lokuttarāti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi hetuvādānaṃyeva; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesaṃ purimakathāsadisamevāti.
8. 第二想受论之解释
8. Dutiyasaññāvedayitakathāvaṇṇanā
730-731730-731节。现在,有人执持这种见解:因为它不是出世间的,所以是世间的。例如因论者等。针对他们,自宗论师提问,他宗论师承认。其余内容与前文相似。
730-731. Idāni yasmā sā lokuttarā na hoti, tasmā lokiyāti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi hetuvādānaṃ, te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti.
9. 第三想受论之解释
9. Tatiyasaññāvedayitakathāvaṇṇanā
732732节。现在,有人执持这种见解:对于有情,并没有“某者有死法,某者无死法”的定则,因此即使入了想受灭定,也可能死去。例如王山部等。为了向他们显示:即使入了定,由于有死法,也有死时与不死时,自宗论师提问,他宗论师承认。然后,因为死去的人必有临死时的触等,为以此方式责难,便说“有吗?”等。
732. Idāni yasmā ‘‘asuko maraṇadhammo, asuko na maraṇadhammo’’ti sattānaṃ maraṇadhammatāya niyāmo natthīti saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpannopi kālaṃ kareyyāti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi rājagirikānaṃ; tesaṃ samāpannāyapi maraṇadhammatāya maraṇasamayañca amaraṇasamayañca dassetuṃ pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ yasmā kālaṃ karontassa nāma maraṇantikehi phassādīhi bhavitabbaṃ, tasmā tenākārena codetuṃ atthītiādimāha.
当被问及“无触者的死亡”等问题时,他针对其他有情而否认;当被问及“毒会扩散吗?”等问题时,他针对定的威力而否认。在第二轮中,他针对身体的状态而承认。然而,若是如此,定的威力便不存在,因此他追问:“那么,就不是入灭尽定了吗?”
Aphassakassa kālakiriyātiādīni puṭṭho sesasatte sandhāya paṭikkhipati visaṃ kameyyātiādīni puṭṭho samāpattiānubhāvaṃ sandhāya paṭikkhipati. Dutiyavāre sarīrapakatiṃ sandhāya paṭijānāti. Evaṃ sante pana samāpattiānubhāvo nāma na hoti, teneva na nirodhasamāpannoti anuyuñjati.
733-734“他不会死吗?”这是对其他宗派者的提问。对于其他宗派者所问“存在那种决定性吗?”,由于实际上并不存在这样的决定性,因此予以否定。“具有眼识者”等语,是自宗论师为了表明“即使没有决定性,也是在死亡之时而死,并非在非死亡之时”而说。此处意旨如下:倘若因为没有决定性便有死亡,那么具有眼识者也应有死亡。如此便会与“不以五识死,不以五识结生”的经典相违。然而,正如具有眼识者不会死亡,入灭尽定者也同样不会死亡。
733-734.Na kālaṃ kareyyāti pucchā paravādissa. Atthi so niyāmoti paravādissa pañhe pana yasmā evarūpo niyāmo nāma natthi, tasmā paṭikkhipati. Cakkhuviññāṇasamaṅgītiādi sakavādinā ‘‘niyāme asantepi maraṇasamayeneva marati, nāsamayenā’’ti dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. Tatrāyamadhippāyo – yadi niyāmābhāvena kālakiriyā bhaveyya, cakkhuviññāṇasamaṅginopi bhaveyya. Tato ‘‘pañcahi viññāṇehi na cavati, na upapajjatī’’ti suttavirodho siyā. Yathā pana cakkhuviññāṇasamaṅgissa kālakiriyā na hoti, tathā nirodhasamāpannassāpīti.
10. 无想有情品论释
10. Asaññasattupikākathāvaṇṇanā
735现在开始名为“无想有情处”的论说。其中,依离想而转起的修习,既是无想定,也是灭尽定,称为想受灭定。如此,想受灭定有两种:世间与出世间。其中,世间的是凡夫的无想有情处,出世间的属于圣者,而那不是无想有情处。然而,有些人不作此区分,笼统地执取“想受灭定即是无想有情处”,例如因由论者。针对他们,自宗论师提问,对方承认。然后,为了以“入无想定者有无贪等,而入灭尽定者则无”来责难,而说“存在吗?”等语。
735. Idāni asaññasattupikākathā nāma hoti. Tattha saññāvirāgavasena pavattabhāvanā asaññasamāpattipi nirodhasamāpattipi saññāvedayitanirodhasamāpatti nāma. Iti dve saññāvedayitanirodhasamāpattiyo lokiyā ca lokuttarā ca. Tattha lokiyā puthujjanassa asaññasattupikā hoti, lokuttarā ariyānaṃ, sā ca nāsaññasattupikā. Imaṃ pana vibhāgaṃ akatvā avisesena saññāvedayitanirodhasamāpatti asaññasattupikāti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi hetuvādānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ yasmā asaññasamāpattiṃ samāpannassa alobhādayo atthi, na nirodhasamāpattiṃ, tasmā tesaṃ vasena codetuṃ atthītiādimāha.
736在“无想吗?”这一问题中,此处因依离想而入定,故承认其为“无想”;在那里,也正因是无想有情。因此,抓住此承认,以诡辩来确立自执者,其执见便得以确立。或者,此处针对灭尽定而承认“无想”;在那里,从此处命终后,不来者(阿那含)的灭尽定亦复如是。因此,即使以此承认来确立,其执见也根本不能成立。
736.Idhāpi asaññīti pañhe idha saññāvirāgavasena samāpannattā asaññitā anuññātā, tatrāpi asaññasatteneva. Tasmā imaṃ paṭiññaṃ gahetvā laddhiṃ patiṭṭhapentena chalena patiṭṭhāpitā hoti. Idha vā nirodhasamāpattiṃ sandhāya asaññitā anuññātā. Tatrāpi ito cutassa anāgāmino nirodhasamāpattimeva tasmāpi imāya paṭiññāya patiṭṭhāpitā laddhi appatiṭṭhitāyevāti.
11. 业积集论释
11. Kammūpacayakathāvaṇṇanā
737今有名为“业积集”的论说。其中,有人执取“业积集”是异于业、离心、无记、无所缘的,如安达迦派和正量部。对此,自宗论师提问“业积集是异于业吗?”而对方表示认可。于是,为了责难他:“如果业积集异于业,那么触积集等也应异于触等”,便进一步发问“触是异于触的吗?”等语。对方因无此执见而予以否定。
737. Idāni kammūpacayakathā nāma hoti. Tattha yesaṃ kammūpacayo nāma kammato añño cittavippayutto abyākato anārammaṇoti laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānañceva sammitiyānañca; te sandhāya aññaṃ kammanti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘yadi kammato añño kammūpacayo, phassāditopi aññena phassūpacayādinā bhavitabba’’nti codetuṃ añño phassotiādimāha. Itaro laddhiyā abhāvena paṭikkhipati.
738-739在“与业俱生吗?”等问题中,针对离心者,他予以否定;针对与心相应者,他予以承认。在“是善吗?”等问题中,也是针对离心者,他予以承认。此后,在“是不善吗?”等问题中,方法也是如此。
738-739.Kammenasahajātoti pañhesu cittavippayuttaṃ sandhāya paṭikkhipati, cittasampayuttaṃ sandhāya paṭijānāti. Kusaloti pañhesupi cittavippayuttaṃ sandhāya paṭijānāti. Parato akusalotipañhesupi eseva nayo.
740当被问及“有所缘吗?”时,他唯独期望是无所缘,因此予以否定。“心正在坏灭时”的意思是:当心正在坏灭时,业也坏灭。或者,此处是处格用作主格,意为“在心坏灭时”。或者,这就是原文。其中,因为相应者坏灭,不相应者不坏灭,所以他既承认又否定。
740.Sārammaṇoti puṭṭho pana ekantaṃ anārammaṇameva icchati, tasmā paṭikkhipati. Cittaṃ bhijjamānanti yadā cittaṃ bhijjamānaṃ hoti, tadā kammaṃ bhijjatīti attho. Bhummatthe vā paccattaṃ, citte bhijjamāneti attho. Ayameva vā pāṭho. Tattha yasmā sampayutto bhijjati, vippayutto na bhijjati, tasmā paṭijānāti ceva paṭikkhipati ca.
741“业存在时,业积集存在”的意思是:当业存在时,便有业积集;或者说,当业已安立时,便有业积集;果报即从业积集而生起。然而,他执取:当那个业灭去后,业积集仍然存在,直到果报生起,如同种子在芽生起之前一直存在一样。因此,他承认这一点。“那个就是业,那个就是业积集,那个就是业果报”——因为他的执见认为“业积集就在业中,并且一直存在到果报生起”,所以为了责难他,才提出这三者的同一性问题。“果报是有所缘的吗?”这也是为了责难而问:正如果报有其所缘,果报法也是系属于所缘的。然而,对方依据其执见,承认其中一个,否定另一个。在反论中,方法也是如此。其余内容,在此如原典所述即可。
741.Kammamhi kammūpacayoti kamme sati kammūpacayo, kamme vā patiṭṭhite kammūpacayo, kammūpacayatova vipāko nibbattati. Tasmiṃ pana kamme niruddhe yāva aṃkuruppādā bījaṃ viya yāva vipākuppādā kammūpacayo tiṭṭhatītissa laddhi, tasmā paṭijānāti. Taññeva kammaṃ, so kammūpacayo, so kammavipākoti yasmā kammamhi kammūpacayo, so ca yāva vipākuppādā tiṭṭhatītissa laddhi, tasmā naṃ tesaṃ tiṇṇampi ekattaṃ pucchati vipāko sārammaṇoti idaṃ vipāko viya vipākadhammadhammopi ārammaṇapaṭibaddhoyevāti codanatthaṃ pucchati. Itaro pana laddhivasenekaṃ paṭijānāti, ekaṃ paṭikkhipati. Paṭilomepi eseva nayo. Sesamettha yathāpāḷimeva niyyātīti.