14. 第十四品
14. Cuddasamavaggo
善与不善结生论之注释
1. Kusalākusalapaṭisandahanakathāvaṇṇanā
686-690686-690. 现在,是名为“善与不善结生”的论议。其中,善或不善,不善或善,并无无间而生起者,因此,它们彼此结生,实不合理。然而,有类人执取如是见:因为对于同一所缘,既有染著,亦有离染,故他们彼此结生,如大众部;针对他们,自宗论师提问,他宗论师承认。“转向”与“志向”,两者皆为“转向”之别名。转向有分故,名为“转向”;策励、安立心于有分所缘之外的他所缘故,名为“志向”。问“善在不转向时”之意为:彼于不善无间后结生之善,为不转向而生起否?他宗论师因未见有不转向之善生起,故予否认。“于不如理作意时生起之善”此语,是为诘难而说:若善于不善后无间生起,则它应是在以彼不善之转向而不如理作意时生起。其余文句,依圣典即可了知。“岂非于同一所缘耶?”此句,说明同一所缘上有贪与离贪之生起,而非善与不善之无间性,故(此论证)为无效。
686-690. Idāni kusalākusalapaṭisandahanakathā nāma hoti. Tattha kusalaṃ vā akusalassa, akusalaṃ vā kusalassa anantarā uppajjanakaṃ nāma natthīti tesaṃ aññamaññaṃ paṭisandhānaṃ na yujjati. Ye pana yasmā ekavatthusmiññeva rajjati virajjati ca, tasmā taṃ aññamaññaṃ paṭisandahatīti laddhiṃ gahetvā ṭhitā, seyyathāpi mahāsaṅghikā; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa; paṭiññā itarassa. Āvaṭṭanā paṇidhīti ubhayaṃ āvajjanasseva nāmaṃ. Tañhi bhavaṅgaṃ āvaṭṭetīti āvaṭṭanā. Bhavaṅgārammaṇato aññasmiṃ ārammaṇe cittaṃ paṇidahati ṭhapetīti paṇidhi. Kusalaṃ anāvaṭṭentassāti yaṃ taṃ akusalānantaraṃ paṭisandahantaṃ kusalaṃ uppajjati, taṃ anāvaṭṭentassa uppajjatīti pucchati. Itaro pana vinā āvajjanena kusalassa uppattiṃ apassanto paṭikkhipati. Kusalaṃ ayoniso manasikarototi idaṃ yadi akusalānantaraṃ kusalaṃ uppajjeyya, akusalasseva āvajjanena ayoniso manasikaroto uppajjeyyāti codanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Sesaṃ yathāpāḷimeva niyyāti. Nanu yasmiṃyeva vatthusminti vacanaṃ ekārammaṇe sarāgavirāguppattiṃ dīpeti, na kusalākusalānaṃ anantarataṃ, tasmā asādhakanti.
2. 六处生起论的注释
2. Saḷāyatanuppattikathāvaṇṇanā
691-692691-692节。现在名为“六处生起论”。其中,于化生者,六处与结生心同时生起。于胎生者,在内处中,唯有意处与身处于结生刹那生起,其余四处则在七七日后。而且,它们是由引发结生的那个业,或由其他已造作的业所生,这是自宗的说法。然而,有些人执取这样的见解:六处如同枝繁叶茂之树的嫩芽,仅作为种子,在母胎结生刹那便已生起,例如东山部。针对他们,自宗论师就“六处”提问,他宗论师承认。“具足所有肢节”等语,是为了责难而说:若六处存在,则胎儿应以如此形态进入母胎。“对于已入母胎者”的提问,是他宗论师所问。之后,“对于已入母胎者,头发是后生的”的提问,是自宗论师所问。此处其余文义,显而易见。
691-692. Idāni saḷāyatanuppattikathā nāma hoti. Tattha upapattesiyena paṭisandhicittena saheva opapātikānaṃ saḷāyatanaṃ uppajjati. Gabbhaseyyakānaṃ ajjhattikāyatanesu manāyatanakāyāyatanāneva paṭisandhikkhaṇe uppajjanti. Sesāni cattāri sattasattatirattimhi. Tāni ca kho yena kammunā paṭisandhi gahitā, tasseva aññassa vā katattāti ayaṃ sakasamaye vādo. Yesaṃ pana ekakammasambhavattā sampannasākhāviṭapānaṃ rukkhādīnaṃ aṃkuro viya bījamattaṃ saḷāyatanaṃ mātukucchismiṃ paṭisandhikkhaṇeyeva uppajjatīti laddhi, seyyathāpi pubbaseliyānaṃ; te sandhāya saḷāyatananti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sabbaṅgapaccaṅgītiādi saḷāyatane sati evarūpo hutvā okkameyyāti codanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Mātukucchigatassāti pucchā paravādissa. Parato mātukucchigatassa pacchā kesāti pucchā sakavādissa. Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti.
3. 无间缘论的注释
3. Anantarapaccayakathāvaṇṇanā
693-697693-697节。现在名为“无间缘论”。其中,有些人见到舞蹈、歌唱等活动中,色、声等的见、闻快速转换,便执取这样的见解:“这些识彼此无间地生起”,例如北道派。针对他们,自宗论师就“眼识”提问,他宗论师承认。“耳识是否以色为所缘?”这是为了责难而说:若耳识在眼识之后无间生起,则它应如同异熟意界一样以色为所缘。在“是否缘于眼与色而生起耳识”等问题中,他宗论师以无经文依据为由否认后,又依其执见,观察到无间生起而承认。“那个眼识就是那个耳识吗?”意思是:譬如第一速行心无间之后的第二速行心,即以意识的状态而为同一心,你的这两个识是否也如此,是同一个呢?依此方法,应知所有问答处的含义。“舞蹈、歌唱”等语,说明在混合所缘时,由于快速转换而显得混杂的情形,并非说明无间缘的关系,因此这一论证无效。
693-697. Idāni anantarapaccayakathā nāma hoti. Tattha naccagītādīsu rūpadassanasaddasavanādīnaṃ lahuparivattitaṃ disvā ‘‘imāni viññāṇāni aññamaññassa anantarā uppajjantī’’ti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi uttarāpathakānaṃ; te sandhāya cakkhuviññāṇassāti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sotaviññāṇaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃyevāti yadi cakkhuviññāṇassa anantarā uppajjeyya, vipākamanodhātu viya rūpārammaṇaṃ siyāti codetuṃ vuttaṃ. Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati sotaviññāṇanti pañhesu suttābhāvena paṭikkhipitvā anantaruppattiṃ sallakkhento laddhivasena paṭijānāti. Taññeva cakkhuviññāṇaṃtaṃ sotaviññāṇanti yathā paṭhamajavanānantaraṃ dutiyajavanaṃ manoviññāṇabhāvena taññeva hoti, kiṃ te tathā etampi dvayaṃ ekamevāti pucchati. Iminā nayena sabbavāresu attho veditabbo. Naccati gāyatītiādivacanaṃ ārammaṇasamodhāne lahuparivattitāya vokiṇṇabhāvaṃ dīpeti, na anantarapaccayataṃ, tasmā asādhakanti.
4. 圣色之论释
4. Ariyarūpakathāvaṇṇanā
698-699698-699节。现在名为“圣色论”。其中,正语、正业是色,而又因“一切色皆是四大种及四大种所造色”之说,有人执此见解:它们是所造色,例如北道派。针对他们,自宗论师提问:“圣色是四大种之所造吗?”其中,“圣色”意为圣者的色,或圣洁的色。“是的”,他宗论师立足于其见解而承认。当被问及“是善吗”时,他依其见解而承认。在“无漏”等提问中,也是同样的方法。“任何色”的经文,除大种外,虽显示了其余色的所造性质,但并未显示正语、正业的所造性质。因为对于它们,单单色法本身尚未成立,更何况所造色的性质?因此这一论证无效。
698-699. Idāni ariyarūpakathā nāma hoti. Tattha sammāvācākammantā rūpaṃ, tañca kho ‘‘sabbaṃ rūpaṃ cattāri ca mahābhūtāni catunnañca mahābhūtānaṃ upādāyarūpa’’nti (ma. ni. 3.67) vacanato upādāyarūpanti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi uttarāpathakānaṃ; te sandhāya ariyarūpaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāyāti pucchā sakavādissa. Tattha ariyānaṃ rūpaṃ, ariyaṃ vā rūpanti ariyarūpaṃ. Āmantāti laddhiyaṃ ṭhatvā paṭiññā itarassa. Kusalanti puṭṭho laddhivaseneva paṭijānāti. Anāsavapucchādīsupi eseva nayo. Yaṃ kiñci rūpanti suttaṃ ṭhapetvā bhūtāni sesarūpassa upādābhāvaṃ dīpeti, na sammāvācākammantānaṃ. Tesañhi rūpamattaññeva asiddhaṃ, kuto upādārūpatā; tasmā asādhakanti.
5. 「另一随眠」之论释
5. Añño anusayotikathāvaṇṇanā
700-701此处为“随眠是另一者论”。其中,由于凡夫在善心或无记心生起时,可称为“有随眠”,却不可称为“被缠”,便有人执取这样的见解:随眠是一者,缠是另一者,如案达迦派。针对他们,自宗论师提问:“欲贪随眠是另一者吗?”他宗论师予以承认。其余内容,应如前文随眠论中所说的方法来理解。而“有随眠”等语,表明在那一刻,随眠因未被断除而可说为“有随眠”,缠因未生起而不可说为“被缠”。这只是在显示“有随眠”与“被缠”的表述差别,并非意味着随眠与缠是不同的事物,因此这一论证并不成立。
700-701. Idāni añño anusayotikathā nāma hoti. Tattha yasmā puthujjano kusalābyākate citte vattamāne sānusayoti vattabbo, na pariyuṭṭhitoti tasmā añño anusayo, aññaṃ pariyuṭṭhānanti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānaṃ; te sandhāya añño kāmarāgānusayoti pucchā sakavādissa paṭiññā itarassa. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā anusayakathāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Sānusayotiādi pana tasmiṃ samaye anusayassa appahīnattā sānusayoti vattabbataṃ, anuppannattā ca pariyuṭṭhitoti avattabbataṃ dīpeti, na anusayapariyuṭṭhānānaṃ aññattaṃ, tasmā asādhakanti.
6. 「缠是心不相应」之论释
6. Pariyuṭṭhānaṃ cittavippayuttantikathāvaṇṇanā
702此处为“缠是心不相应论”。其中,由于即使从无常等角度作意,贪等仍会生起,而且经中这样说过:“婆罗堕阇贤友,有时我心想‘我将作意不净’,却作意为净。”因此,有人执取这样的见解:缠是心不相应的,如案达迦派。针对他们,自宗论师提问,他宗论师承认。此处其余文义,显而易见。
702. Idāni pariyuṭṭhānaṃ cittavippayuttantikathā nāma hoti. Tattha yasmā aniccādito manasikarotopi rāgādayo uppajjanti. Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘appekadā, bho bhāradvāja, asubhato manasikarissāmīti subhatova manasikarotī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.127). Tasmā pariyuṭṭhānaṃ cittavippayuttanti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānaṃyeva; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti.
7. 所摄之义的解释
7. Pariyāpannakathāvaṇṇanā
703-705此处为“所属论”。其中,因为欲贪随眠于欲界,故称为“欲界所属”;那么,色贪与无色贪也随眠于色界与无色界,它们便被称为“色界所属”与“无色界所属”。有些人持此见解,如案达迦派与正量派。针对他们,自宗论师就“色贪”发问,他宗论师予以承认。其中,“随眠”是这样发问的:如同欲贪以俱生的方式随眠于被称为欲寻的欲界,你是否认为色贪也以同样的方式随眠于色界?“所属”是这样发问的:如同欲贪因烦恼欲而属于三种欲界,故为“欲界所属”,你是否认为色贪也这样是“色界所属”?然而,他宗论师未领会其意图,仅依自宗见解而答“是”。于是,为使其领悟,自宗论师以善异熟、唯作等所成的等至、等至者等与之对质提问,故说“等至者”等。此处其余内容,可依巴利原文通晓。而“岂非欲贪”等语,也仅是在阐明欲贪于欲界的随眠状态与所属性,并非阐明其他贪于其他界中的情形。
703-705. Idāni pariyāpannakathā nāma hoti. Tattha yasmā kāmarāgo kāmadhātuṃ anuseti, kāmadhātupariyāpannoti ca vuccati, tasmā rūparāgārūparāgāpi rūpadhātuarūpadhātuyo anusenti. Rūpadhātuarūpadhātupariyāpannāyeva ca nāma hontīti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānañceva sammitiyānañca; te sandhāya rūparāgoti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa . Tattha anusetīti yathā kāmarāgo kāmavitakkasaṅkhātaṃ kāmadhātuṃ sahajātavasena anuseti, kiṃ te evaṃ rūparāgo rūpadhātunti pucchati. Pariyāpannoti yathā ca so tividhāya kāmadhātuyā kilesakāmavasena pariyāpannattā kāmadhātupariyāpanno, kiṃ te evaṃ rūparāgopi rūpadhātupariyāpannoti pucchati. Itaro panassa adhippāyaṃ asallakkhento kevalaṃ laddhivasena āmantāti paṭijānāti. Atha naṃ tamatthaṃ sallakkhāpetuṃ kusalavipākakiriyasaṅkhātehi samāpattesiyādīhi saṃsanditvā pucchituṃ samāpattesiyotiādimāha. Sesamettha yathāpāḷimeva niyyāti. Nanu kāmarāgotiādivacanampi kāmarāgasseva kāmadhātuyaṃ anusayabhāvaṃ pariyāpannatañca dīpeti, na itaresaṃ itaradhātūsūti.
8. 无记之义的解释
8. Abyākatakathāvaṇṇanā
706-708706-708. 以下为“无记论”。其中,由异熟、唯作、色、涅槃所构成的四种无记,因非异熟而说为“无记”。邪见则因以常见等形式未被记说,如经中说:“婆蹉,世界是常,此乃无记。”然而,有些人未能把握这一区别,将邪见也视同前一种无记为无记,如案达迦派与北道派;为向他们显示此区别,自宗论师提出“邪见是无记”的质问,他宗论师予以承认。此处其余内容,完全依巴利原文即可通达。
706-708. Idāni abyākatakathā nāma hoti. Tattha vipākakiriyarūpanibbānasaṅkhātaṃ catubbidhaṃ abyākataṃ avipākattā abyākatanti vuttaṃ. Diṭṭhigataṃ ‘‘sassato lokoti kho, vaccha, abyākatameta’’nti (saṃ. ni. 4.416 thokaṃ visadisaṃ) sassatādibhāvena akathitattā. Yesaṃ pana imaṃ vibhāgaṃ aggahetvā purimābyākataṃ viya diṭṭhigatampi abyākatanti laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānañceva uttarāpathakānañca; tesaṃ taṃ vibhāgaṃ dassetuṃ diṭṭhigataṃ abyākatanti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesamettha yathāpāḷimeva niyyātīti.
9. 非所摄之义的解释
9. Apariyāpannakathāvaṇṇanā
709-710709-710. 以下为“非所属论”。其中,由于证得禅那的凡夫可被称为“于诸欲中离贪者”,却并非“已离见者”,因此有些人执取“邪见是非所属”的见解,例如东山住部。针对他们,自宗论师提出此问,他宗论师予以承认。此处其余内容,完全依巴利原文即可通达。
709-710. Idāni apariyāpannakathā nāma hoti. Tattha yasmā puthujjano jhānalābhī kāmesu vītarāgoti vattabbo hoti, na pana vigatadiṭṭhikoti , tasmā diṭṭhigataṃ apariyāpannanti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi pubbaseliyānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesamettha yathāpāḷimeva niyyātīti.