十一、第十一品显示巴利原文
11. Ekādasamavaggo
一至三、三种随眠论注释显示巴利原文
1-3. Tissopi anusayakathāvaṇṇanā
605-613 现在,有三篇名为“随眠是无记、无因、与心不相应”的随眠论。其中,因为凡夫在善或无记心生起的当下,应被称为“有随眠者”,而彼刹那之因并不令随眠成为有因,亦不与彼心相应,因此,那些持有“随眠是无记、无因、与心不相应”之见者,即如大众部和正量部。针对他们,在这三篇论中,自宗论师提问,他宗承认。其余部分,依前文所述之理,仅凭巴利圣典即可了知,故不详述。显示巴利原文
605-613. Idāni anusayā abyākatā, ahetukā, cittavippayuttāti tissopi anusayakathā nāma honti. Tattha yasmā puthujjano kusalābyākate citte vattamāne ‘‘sānusayo’’ti vattabbo, yo cassa tasmiṃ khaṇe hetu, na tena hetunā anusayā sahetukā, na tena cittena sampayuttā, tasmā ‘‘te abyākatā, ahetukā, cittavippayuttā’’ti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi mahāsaṃghikānañceva sammitiyānañca; te sandhāya tīsupi kathāsu pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā sakkā pāḷimaggeneva jānitunti, tasmā na vitthāritanti.
四、智论注释显示巴利原文
4. Ñāṇakathāvaṇṇanā
614-615 现在,有名为“智论”的论议。其中,虽然无明已为道智所灭尽,但当眼识等不与智相应的心再次生起时,由于此道心不转起,那些执持“不应称为有智者”之见者,譬如大众部;针对他们,自宗论师提问,对方认可。然后,为责难他:“若于无明灭尽时,‘有智者’的施设没有,则于贪等灭尽时,离贪等的施设也不应有,你并不精通人施设”,而说“贪已灭尽”等语。对方在那些烦恼灭尽时,不见有贪等状态的理由,便予否定。在结尾,因通过获得智而值得被称为有智者,故自宗论师否定“并非如此”之说。显示巴利原文
614-615. Idāni ñāṇakathā nāma hoti. Tattha maggañāṇena aññāṇe vigatepi puna cakkhuviññāṇādivasena ñāṇavippayuttacitte vattamāne yasmā taṃ maggacittaṃ na pavattati, tasmā ‘‘na vattabbaṃ ñāṇī’’ti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi mahāsaṃghikānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘yadi aññāṇe vigate ‘ñāṇī’ti paññatti na siyā, rāgādīsu vigatesu vītarāgādipaññattipi na siyāti puggalapaññattiyaṃ akovidosī’’ti codetuṃ rāge vigatetiādimāha. Itaro tesu vigatesu sarāgādibhāve yuttiṃ apassanto paṭikkhipati. Pariyosāne yasmā ñāṇapaṭilābhena so ñāṇīti vattabbataṃ arahati, tasmā na hevanti paṭikkhepo sakavādissāti.
五、“智与心不相应”论注释显示巴利原文
5. Ñāṇaṃ cittavippayuttantikathāvaṇṇanā
616-617 现在,有名为“智与心不相应”的论议。其中,因为阿罗汉具足眼识等时,依所得之道智被称为有智者,而此智并不与那些心相应,所以那些执持“智与心不相应”之见者,譬如东山部;针对他们,自宗论师提问,对方认可。然后,为责难他:“若你的智与心不相应,它当是色等中的一种心不相应法”,而说“色”等语。对方予以否定。其余部分与前述理则相同。然而在结尾,当被问及“有慧者”时,他基于有所得而欲令其转起,故予承认。显示巴利原文
616-617. Idāni ñāṇaṃ cittavippayuttantikathā nāma hoti. Tattha yasmā arahā cakkhuviññāṇādisamaṅgī paṭiladdhaṃ maggañāṇaṃ sandhāya ‘‘ñāṇī’’ti vuccati, na cassa taṃ tena cittena sampayuttaṃ, tasmā ‘‘ñāṇaṃ cittavippayutta’’nti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi pubbaseliyānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘yadi te ñāṇaṃ cittavippayuttaṃ cittavippayuttesu rūpādīsu aññataraṃ siyā’’ti codetuṃ rūpantiādimāha. Itaro paṭikkhipati. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva. Pariyosāne pana paññavāti puṭṭho paṭilābhavasena taṃ pavattiṃ icchati, tasmā paṭijānātīti.
六、「此是苦」之论释显示巴利原文
6. Idaṃ dukkhantikathāvaṇṇanā
618-820 现在,有名为“此是苦”的论议。其中,那些执持“在出世间道刹那,瑜伽行者说出‘此是苦’之语,如是,当其口出‘此是苦’之语时,‘此是苦’之智便转起”之见者,譬如案达罗派;针对他们,自宗论师问道刹那中如此言语及智转起,对方认可。然而,因他像凡夫一样说出涉及其余圣谛的言语,且不认为他有如此智转起,故于集等之问中,他予以否定。“色无常”等语,是为显示苦的同义语而说。但对方于自宗中不见如是表述,便予否定。“iti ca danti cā”等语,是为显示:若他的苦智转起,则于i、daṃ、du、kha诸音节上,应依次有四智转起。然对方不欲如是,故予否定。显示巴利原文
618-820. Idāni idaṃ dukkhantikathā nāma hoti. Tattha yesaṃ ‘‘lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe yogāvacaro idaṃ dukkhanti vācaṃ bhāsati, evamassa idaṃ dukkhanti vācaṃ bhāsato ca idaṃ dukkhanti ñāṇaṃ pavattatī’’ti laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, maggakkhaṇe tathā vācābhāsanaṃ ñāṇappavattiñca sandhāya paṭiññā itarassa. Yasmā pana so sesasaccapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ vācaṃ puthujjanova bhāsati , na ca tassa tathā ñāṇappavattīti icchati, tasmā samudayādipañhesu paṭikkhipati. Rūpaṃ aniccantiādi dukkhapariyāyadassanavasena vuttaṃ. Itaro pana sakasamaye tādisaṃ vohāraṃ apassanto paṭikkhipati. Iti ca danti cātiādi yadi tassa dukkhe ñāṇaṃ pavattati, i-kāra daṃ-kāra du-kāra kha-kāresu paṭipāṭiyā catūhi ñāṇehi pavattitabbanti dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. Itaro pana tathā na icchati, tasmā paṭikkhipati.
七、神变力之论释显示巴利原文
7. Iddhibalakathāvaṇṇanā
621-624 接下来是名为“神变力论”的论。其中,有人不如理地执取神足修习利益之义,而秉持“具足神变力者能住世一劫”的见解,例如大众部。针对他们,自宗论师问道:“具足神变力者能住世一劫吗?”在这里,“劫”有三种:大劫、一劫之一分、寿劫。因为在“诸比丘,有四种劫之不可数”(增支部4.156)中所说的劫,即是大劫。在“梵身天的寿量为劫”(增支部4.123)中,是一劫之一分。在“于地狱中受煮一劫,于天界享乐一劫”(小诵354)中,是寿劫。寿劫的意思是:寿的安排,或因业之果报,或以年数计算的寿限。在这些含义中,他是针对大劫而问,对方予以承认。显示巴利原文
621-624. Idāni iddhibalakathā nāma hoti. Tattha iddhipādabhāvanānisaṃsassa atthaṃ ayoniso gahetvā ‘‘iddhibalena samannāgato kappaṃ tiṭṭheyyā’’ti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi mahāsaṃghikānaṃ; te sandhāya iddhibalena samannāgato kappaṃ tiṭṭheyyāti pucchā sakavādissa. Tattha kappo nāma mahākappo, kappekadeso, āyukappoti tividho. ‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, kappassa asaṅkhyeyyānī’’ti (a. ni. 4.156) ettha hi mahākappova kappoti vutto. ‘‘Brahmakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ kappo āyuppamāṇa’’nti (a. ni. 4.123) ettha kappekadesā. ‘‘Kappaṃ nirayamhi paccati, kappaṃ saggamhi modatī’’ti (cūḷava. 354) ettha āyukappo. Āyukappanaṃ āyuvidhānaṃ kammassa vipākavasena vā vassagaṇanāya vā āyuparicchedoti attho. Tesu mahākappaṃ sandhāya pucchati, itaro paṭijānāti.
于是,自宗论师为了责难他:“依你所见,若具足神变力者,应能超越‘长寿者,活百年或多一些或少一些’(相应部2.143)这样限定的寿劫,而活过大劫或大劫之一分,那么他的寿命便应是神变所成。”由此说出了“那寿命是神变所成”等语。对方以“所谓命根,并无神变所成,唯是业所生起”而予以否定。然而,在这里,有神变者与无神变者有何差别?难道无神变者也能住寿劫吗?这就是差别:有神变者能以神变力排除能障碍寿命存续的法,从而遮止中间的非时死,无神变者则无此力。这是两者之间的差别。显示巴利原文
Atha naṃ sakavādī ‘‘sace te iddhibalena samannāgato, ‘yo ciraṃ jīvati, so vassasataṃ appaṃ vā bhiyyo’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.143) evaṃ paricchinnā āyukappā uddhaṃ mahākappaṃ vā mahākappekadesaṃ vā jīveyya iddhimayikenassa āyunā bhavitabba’’nti codetuṃ iddhimayiko so āyūtiādimāha. Itaro ‘‘jīvitindriyaṃ nāma iddhimayikaṃ natthi, kammasamuṭṭhānamevā’’ti vuttattā paṭikkhipati. Ko panettha iddhimato viseso, nanu aniddhimāpi āyukappaṃ tiṭṭheyyāti? Ayaṃ viseso – iddhimā hi yāvatāyukaṃ jīvitappavattiyā antarāyakare dhamme iddhibalena paṭibāhitvā antarā akālamaraṇaṃ nivāretuṃ sakkoti, aniddhimato etaṃ balaṃ natthi. Ayametesaṃ viseso.
“过去、未来”一语,是因对方笼统地承认“能住一劫”而作的责难。“两个劫”等语,是为了责难而说:“如果有神变者能超越寿限,则不仅一个劫,甚至多个劫也能住。”“已生的触”等语,是为了显示并非一切皆由神变获得,也有神变所不及的领域。其余文句,其义于此明显。显示巴利原文
Atītaṃ anāgatanti idaṃ avisesena kappaṃ tiṭṭheyyāti paṭiññātattā codeti. Dve kappetiādi ‘‘yadi iddhimā jīvitaparicchedaṃ atikkamituṃ sakkoti, na kevalaṃ ekaṃ anekepi kappe tiṭṭheyyā’’ti codanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Uppanno phassotiādi na sabbaṃ iddhiyā labbhati, iddhiyā avisayopi atthīti dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti.
八、定之论释显示巴利原文
8. Samādhikathāvaṇṇanā
625-626 以下是关于“定”的讨论。其中,有一类人并不认为“即使仅在一个心识刹那中生起的专一性,也因其等持之义而可称为定”,而是依据“七昼夜持续感受纯一之乐而住”(中部1.180)等经文,执取“心相续即是定”的见解,例如说一切有部与北道派。针对他们,自宗论师以“心相续”质难,对方予以承许。接着,为了以“如果心相续是定,那么心相续也有过去与未来;并非仅现在心才称为心相续,难道所有这些过去、未来心也都是定吗?”来责难,自宗论师便提出“过去”等语,对方因不如此承许而予以否定。显示巴利原文
625-626. Idāni samādhikathā nāma hoti. Tattha yesaṃ ekacittakkhaṇe uppannāpi ekaggatā samādhānaṭṭhena samādhīti aggahetvā ‘‘satta rattindivāni ekantasukhapaṭisaṃvedī viharitu’’ntiādivacanaṃ (ma. ni. 1.180) nissāya ‘‘cittasantati samādhī’’ti laddhi, seyyathāpi sabbatthivādānañceva uttarāpathakānañca; te sandhāya cittasantatīti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘yadi cittasantati samādhi, cittasantati nāma atītāpi atthi, anāgatāpi atthi. Na hi ekaṃ paccuppannacittameva cittasantati nāma hoti, kiṃ te sabbāpi sā samādhī’’ti codetuṃ atītātiādimāha, itaro tathā anicchanto paṭikkhipati.
“难道过去已灭”等语,是为了阐明:“在心相续中,唯有现在心才能起作用;过去已灭、未来未生,故不存在,如何能称为定?”而说。“单一心识刹那”是对方论师的问难。随后,自宗论师根据自宗义理中“诸比丘,应修定”等处所说的“与现在善心相应的专一性即是定”,对此表示承许。“具眼识者”等语,是对方仅仅抓住“单一心识刹那”的字面,以诡辩方式提出,故被自宗论师所否定。“难道不是世尊所说吗?”这句经文,是为了成立依前后相续而转起的定具有无间性,而非为了成立相续本身即是定,因此不能证成对方的论点。显示巴利原文
Nanuatītaṃ niruddhantiādi ‘‘cittasantatiyaṃ paccuppannameva cittaṃ kiccakaraṃ, atītānāgataṃ niruddhattā anuppannattā ca natthi, kathaṃ taṃ samādhi nāma hotī’’ti dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. Ekacittakkhaṇikoti pucchā paravādissa. Tato yā sakasamaye ‘‘samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvethā’’tiādīsu paccuppannakusalacittasampayuttā ekaggatā samādhīti vuttā, taṃ sandhāya paṭiññā sakavādissa. Cakkhuviññāṇasamaṅgītiādi ‘‘ekacittakkhaṇiko’’ti vacanamattaṃ gahetvā chalena vuttaṃ, teneva sakavādinā paṭikkhittaṃ. Nanu vuttaṃ bhagavatāti suttaṃ purimapacchimavasena pavattamānassa samādhissa abbokiṇṇataṃ sādheti, na santatiyā samādhibhāvaṃ, tasmā asādhakanti.
九、法住性论注释显示巴利原文
9. Dhammaṭṭhitatākathāvaṇṇanā
627 现在是“法住性论”的讨论。其中,有一类人依据“彼界确然安住”之语,执取“有一种名为缘起的法住性存在,且是究竟成就的”见解,例如案达罗派。针对他们,自宗论师提出质问,对方予以承许。接着,为了以“如果于究竟成就的无明等法之外,另有一种究竟成就的所谓法住性存在,那么依此,你那法住性也应另有究竟成就的住性可得”来责难,自宗论师说出“依彼住性”等语。对方论师因无此类见解而予以否定。第二次被问时,对方依无间缘与相互缘而予以承认。其余部分与前述理趣相同,其义自显。显示巴利原文
627. Idāni dhammaṭṭhitatākathā nāma hoti. Tattha ‘‘ṭhitāva sā dhātū’’ti vacanaṃ nissāya ‘‘paṭiccasamuppādasaṅkhātā dhammaṭṭhitatā nāma ekā atthi, sā ca parinipphannā’’ti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘yadi parinipphannānaṃ avijjādīnaṃ aññā dhammaṭṭhitatā nāma parinipphannā atthi, tāyapi ca te dhammaṭṭhitatāya aññā ṭhitatā parinipphannā āpajjatī’’ti codetuṃ tāya ṭhitatātiādimāha. Paravādī evarūpāya laddhiyā abhāvena paṭikkhipati. Dutiyaṃ puṭṭho anantarapaccayatañceva aññamaññapaccayatañca sandhāya paṭijānāti. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānatthamevāti.
十、无常性论注释显示巴利原文
10. Aniccatākathāvaṇṇanā
628 此处为“无常性论”。其中,有人执取“无常的色等诸法,其无常性也如同色等一样是究竟成就的”之见,例如案达罗派。针对他们,自宗论师提出质问,他方论师予以承认。接着,为了以“若无常性如同你的色等诸法一样是究竟成就的,那么此无常性也应有另一个究竟成就的无常性”来难破,自宗论师说出“依彼无常性”等语。对方因两种无常性不能同时存在而予以否定后,又因为该无常性并非恒常,正因如此它与无常法一同消失,故而承认。于是,自宗论师不给对方任何辩驳的余地,针对对方所承认的第二无常性,以“依彼、依彼”等语,通过辗转相续的方式,指出其有无穷尽的过失。“老死是究竟成就的”等语,是因为已生起者的老死之外并没有别的所谓无常性,故以审察无常性之分际的方式而说。于此,对方论师的承认与否定,亦应依前述理趣而了知。显示巴利原文
628. Idāni aniccatākathā nāma hoti. Tattha ‘‘aniccānaṃ rūpādīnaṃ aniccatāpi rūpādayo viya parinipphannā’’ti yesaṃ laddhi, seyyathāpi andhakānaṃ; te sandhāya pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā itarassa. Atha naṃ ‘‘yadi te rūpādayo viya aniccatā parinipphannā, tassāpi aññāya parinipphannāya aniccatāya bhavitabba’’nti codetuṃ tāya aniccatāyātiādimāha. Itaro dvinnaṃ aniccatāya ekato abhāvena paṭikkhipitvā puna yasmā sā aniccatā niccā na hoti, teneva aniccena saddhiṃ antaradhāyati, tasmā paṭijānāti. Athassa sakavādī lesokāsaṃ adatvā yā tena dutiyā aniccatā paṭiññātā , tāyapi tato parāyapīti paramparavasena anupacchedadosaṃ āropento tāya tāyevātiādimāha. Jarā parinipphannātiādi yasmā uppannassa jarāmaraṇato aññā aniccatā nāma natthi, tasmā aniccatāvibhāgānuyuñjanavasena vuttaṃ. Tatrāpi paravādino purimanayeneva paṭiññā ca paṭikkhepo ca veditabbo.
629 “色是究竟成就的”等语,是为了与具有彼无常性的诸法对照而说。其中,对方论师认为:“正如究竟成就的色等诸法有无常、老、死,而究竟成就的无常等诸法却没有这些”,因此一概予以否定。显示巴利原文
629.Rūpaṃ parinipphannantiādi yesaṃ sā aniccatā, tehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tattha ‘‘yathā parinipphannānaṃ rūpādīnaṃ aniccatājarāmaraṇāni atthi, evaṃ parinipphannānaṃ aniccatādīnaṃ tāni natthī’’ti maññamāno ekantena paṭikkhipatiyevāti.