十八、法心分别
18. Dhammahadayavibhaṅgo
一切摄集品注释
1. Sabbasaṅgāhikavāravaṇṇanā
978“界之起源……乃至……已摄集故”等,此处指五蕴等依欲界等诸界而生起、差别之诸法,已被无余摄集,故依分别而作连结;同样,于其余诸法,亦以“已包含之差别”等而作连结。其中,以“无余摄集故”显示此品随顺其义而得名为“一切摄集品”。复次,此处对五蕴等十二部分作无余摄集,故应知第二品等亦由此而入。因为正是对五蕴等生起等之考察,才适合称为“生起与不生起之展示品”。此处“不生起之展示”应知是依义准而得,因彼处并无“多少蕴不生起”等经句。
978.Dhātusambhava…pe…saṅgahitattāti ettha khandhādīnaṃ kāmadhātuādidhātūsu sambhavabhedabhinnānaṃ niravasesato saṅgahitattāti vibhāgena yojanā, tathā sesesupi pariyāpannapabhedabhinnānantiādinā. Tattha ‘‘niravasesato saṅgahitattā’’ti iminā ‘‘sabbasaṅgāhikavāro’’ti ayamassa atthānugatā samaññāti dasseti. Yasmā cettha khandhādīnaṃ dvādasannaṃ koṭṭhāsānaṃ anavasesasaṅgaho, tasmā evaṃ dutiyavārādīnañcettha anuppaveso veditabbo. Khandhādīnameva hi tesaṃ sambhavādivicāro uppattānuppattidassanavāroti vattuṃ yuttoti yojanā. Anuppattidassanañcettha atthāpattisiddhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Na hi tattha ‘‘kati khandhā na pātubhavantī’’tiādipāḷi atthi.
979“随问”者,即随顺彼提问之意图而作解答。名为“不虚妄之解答”,唯诸佛所独有;他人之解答则属随意,犹如依推理而得,故说“由了知一切智者之语而作”。
979.Pucchānurūpanti yenādhippāyena pucchā katā, tadanurūpaṃ. Avitathabyākaraṇaṃ nāma buddhānaṃ eva āveṇikaṃ, aññesaṃ taṃ yādicchikaṃ sutakkharasadisanti āha ‘‘sabbaññuvacanaṃ viññāya katattā’’ti.
2. 生起与不生起品注释
2. Uppattānuppattivāravaṇṇanā
991先说“于欲有”,是依处所而言;为再依有情相续而说,故言“及欲界所生者等”。为显示此义差别,乃说“以神通……义”。为何说“不应说”?虽无想有情无眼,色处极其微细,非下地有情之所缘境,然同地之广果天与上地之净居天,其眼处仍以色处为境,故仍可起处等之作用。此处应广说者,前已述。依《法集论》(1287)所说:“下至无间地狱为界,上至他化自在天为限,凡在此中……”等,即指欲界等处所。这些处所及所含有情群体,被称为“界”,因整体为部分之所依,如说“绿豆堆即绿豆”。有情于此生起,故为“有情生起”;以生起义,有情本身即生起,即是“有情生起”。应知这是处所与有情二世间的“有情生起”之异名。以有情状态而生起,非如无执受蕴仅以行状态而生起,此为意趣所在。问:“他们为何如此?”答:“依有情居……执受蕴。”“各各所包含的”,即各各有情居所包含之有情,或即诸行。以相似安住处故,即以相似方式转起之诸蕴为安住处。通常于彼有情居中,诸法以相同方式转起。
991. ‘‘Kāmabhave’’ti idaṃ okāsavasena vatvā puna sattasantānavasena vattuṃ ‘‘kāmadhātusambhūtānañcā’’ti vuttanti tamatthavisesaṃ dassento ‘‘iddhiyā…pe… attho’’ti āha. ‘‘Na vattabbaṃ siyā’’ti kasmā vuttaṃ, yadipi asaññasattānaṃ acakkhukattā rūpāyatanaṃ accantasukhumattā heṭṭhimabhūmikānañca agocaro, samānabhūmikānaṃ pana vehapphalānaṃ, uparibhūmikānañca suddhāvāsānaṃ cakkhāyatanassa gocaro hotīti āyatanādikiccaṃ karotiyevāti sakkā vattuṃ. Yaṃ panettha vitthārato vattabbaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva. ‘‘Heṭṭhato avīcinirayaṃ pariyantaṃ katvā uparito paranimmitavasavattideve antokaritvā yaṃ etasmi’’ntiādinā (dha. sa. 1287) vuttapadesā kāmāvacarādiokāsā. Te sattanikāyā ca dhātūti vuccanti samudāyassa avayavādhārabhāvato yathā ‘‘māsapuñjo māso’’ti. Sattā uppajjanti etthāti sattuppatti, uppajjanaṭṭhena sattāva uppatti sattuppattīti evaṃ okāsasattalokadvayassa sattuppattipariyāyo veditabbo. Sattabhāvena uppatti, na anupādinnakkhandhā viya saṅkhārabhāvenevāti adhippāyo. Ke pana teti āha ‘‘sattāvāsavasena…pe… upādinnakakkhandhā’’ti. Taṃtaṃpariyāpannānanti taṃtaṃsattāvāsapariyāpannānaṃ sattānaṃ, saṅkhārānameva vā. Sadisādhiṭṭhānabhāvenāti sadisākārena pavattamānānaṃ khandhānaṃ patiṭṭhānabhāvena. Yebhuyyena hi tasmiṃ sattāvāse dhammā samānākārena pavattanti.
3. 已包含与未包含品注释
3. Pariyāpannāpariyāpannavāravaṇṇanā
999999. 其中,“于他处”者,即于彼有与余有、彼处所及余处所。“已包含”者:以欲等渴爱为界限而执取,故称已包含;即含摄于彼彼有等之中,为彼彼所包含。
999.Tattha, aññattha cāti tasmiṃ, aññasmiñca bhave, okāse ca. Paricchedakārikāya kāmāditaṇhāya paricchijja āpannā gahitāti pariyāpannāti taṃtaṃbhavādiantogadhā taṃtaṃpariyāpannā.
6. 引生业与寿量品
6. Uppādakakammaāyuppamāṇavāro
1. 引生业注释
1. Uppādakakammavaṇṇanā
1021『依三界所生天』之义:即依欲界等三界所生诸天。
1021.Dhātuttayabhūtadevavasenāti kāmādidhātuttaye nibbattadevānaṃ vasena.
2. 寿量注释
2. Āyuppamāṇavaṇṇanā
1026犹如善加磨制的金镜般闪耀明亮,故为“净”,即身光。以此净而周遍弥满,故为“遍净”。
1026. Suparimajjitakañcanādāsaṃ viya sobhati vijjotatīti subho, sarīrobhāso, tena subhena kiṇṇā vikiṇṇāti subhakiṇṇā.
1027“各各作意”是指对地遍等所缘而作意。“亦”字将安止刹那与近行阶段一并包含。“欲”是寻求所缘,为欲,也就是想要作的欲求。“愿”是安立心,为愿;以想离染等简别所缘,即在令彼转起的修习中,以所缘为所缘。
1027.Taṃtaṃmanasikāranti parittapathavīkasiṇādigatamanasikāraṃ. Appanākkhaṇepīti pi-saddena pubbabhāgaṃ sampiṇḍeti. Chandanaṃ ārammaṇapariyesanaṃ chando, kattukamyatāchando. Paṇidhānaṃ cittaṭṭhapanā paṇidhi, saññāvirāgādīhi ārammaṇassa visesanaṃ tathāpavattāya bhāvanāya ārammaṇakaraṇameva.
“广”的意思是大;寂静的状态也因为可敬而被称为大,所以说“广果,即是广大寂静乐、寿命、容貌等果报”。
Vipulaṃ vuccati mahantaṃ, santabhāvopi mahanīyatāya mahantamevāti āha ‘‘vipulā phalāti vipulasantasukhāyuvaṇṇādiphalā’’ti.
1028四大王天的寿量,在等活地狱是一日夜;以此三十日夜为一月,以此十二月为一年;以此五百岁为等活地狱的寿量。三十三天的寿量,在黑绳地狱是一日夜……以此一千岁为黑绳地狱的寿量。夜摩天的寿量,在众合地狱是一日夜……以此二千岁为众合地狱的寿量。兜率天的寿量,在号叫地狱是一日夜……以此四千岁为号叫地狱的寿量。化乐天的寿量,在大号叫地狱是一日夜……以此八千岁为大号叫地狱的寿量。他化自在天的寿量,在热恼地狱是一日夜……以此一万六千岁为热恼地狱的寿量。大热恼地狱为半中劫。无间地狱为一中劫,据说这是其寿量。如同诸天有决意死时,也以如是福力而中间有死,故说“业即是量”,应当了知。如此,阿浮陀等地狱寿量的限定方式也更为合理。
1028. Yaṃ cātumahārājikānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ, sañjīve eso eko rattidivo, tāya rattiyā tiṃsa rattiyo māso, tena māsena dvādasamāsiko saṃvaccharo, tena saṃvaccharena pañca vassasatāni sañjīve āyuppamāṇaṃ. Yaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ, eso kāḷasutte eko rattidivo…pe… tena saṃvaccharena vassasahassaṃ kāḷasutte āyuppamāṇaṃ. Yaṃ yāmānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ, eso saṅghāte eko rattidivo…pe… tena saṃvaccharena dve vassasahassāni saṅghāte āyuppamāṇaṃ. Yaṃ tusitānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ, roruve eso eko rattidivo…pe… tena saṃvaccharena cattāri vassasahassāni roruve āyuppamāṇaṃ. Yaṃ nimmānaratīnaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ, mahāroruve eso eko rattidivo…pe… tena saṃvaccharena aṭṭha vassasahassāni mahāroruve āyuppamāṇaṃ. Yaṃ paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ, tāpane eso eko rattidivo…pe… tena saṃvaccharena soḷasa vassasahassāni tāpane āyuppamāṇaṃ. Mahātāpane upaḍḍhantarakappo. Avīciyaṃ eko antarakappo ca āyuppamāṇanti vadanti. Devānaṃ adhimuttakālakiriyā viya tādisena puññabalena antarāpi maraṇaṃ hotīti ‘‘kammameva pamāṇa’’nti vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Evañca katvā abbudādiāyuparicchedopi yuttataro hotīti.
“何种禅”是指八种禅中,具体指的是哪一种禅。“有顶”是指诸有之顶,即凡夫有顶、圣者有顶、一切有之顶,这是对广果天等诸天的通称。“对某些有情是七种”,是就凡夫而言;“对某些是五种”,是就须陀洹与斯陀含而言;“对某些是三种”,是就不还者而言。因此,应知他不还者从梵身天等处死后,投生于无色界。“生于九梵界的圣弟子们,唯有在那里投生,没有向下界投生”(《分别论注》1028),这是注疏的文句;基于这一意趣,而说了“然而……”等语。然而,另有“既有在那里投生,也有向上界投生,没有向下界投生”的文句。因此,“其所阻止的只是向下界投生”之类的说法,便没有必要了。而且,无色界的投生未被阻止,这才是其中的关联所在。之所以说无色界的投生未被阻止,是因为“只站在顶端般涅槃”这一决定论并不被认可。
Kiṃjhānanti aṭṭhasu jhānesu kataraṃ jhānaṃ. Bhavasīsānīti bhavaggāni, puthujjanabhavaggaṃ ariyabhavaggaṃ sabbabhavagganti vehapphalādīnaṃ samaññā. Kassaci sattāti puthujjanassa, kassaci pañcāti sotāpannassa, sakadāgāmino ca, kassaci tayoti anāgāmino vasena vuttaṃ. Tasmā so brahmakāyikādīhi cuto arūpaṃ upapajjanto veditabbo. ‘‘Navasu brahmalokesu nibbattaariyasāvakānaṃ tatrūpapattiyeva hoti, na heṭṭhūpapattī’’ti (vibha. aṭṭha. 1028) ayaṃ aṭṭhakathāpāṭhoti adhippāyena ‘‘yaṃ panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. ‘‘Tatrūpapattipi hoti uparūpapattipi, na heṭṭhūpapattī’’ti pana pāṭhoti tena ‘‘heṭṭhūpapattiyeva nivāritā’’tiādivacanena payojanaṃ natthi. Arūpadhātūpapatti ca na nivāritāti sambandho. Arūpadhātūpapatti na nivāritā ‘‘matthake ṭhitova parinibbātī’’ti niyamassa anicchitattā.
“在其他处”,指在欲界。“在那里”,指在色界。这部注疏,就是指“生于初禅地……便般涅槃”等这样流传下来的注疏。“正因如此”,是指因为经文中关切的是已投生于色界者,而非适合投生者,正是由于这个原因。“他的”,是指如前所述、已投生于色界的圣弟子。为了显示:当导致他投生色有的色贪,被无色禅所镇伏时,由于正确地见到了欲有、色有的过患,正如对未来诸有的希求不会再生起,在无色有中也同样是如此,故而宣说了“再次……必将存在”。“在那里已生者”,指已投生于色界者。“修习了圣道”,指成就了较低的圣道。“以观见所生有之过患之力”,指虽然已生于色有,但依于就在那里观见过患之力。“未退转的有之希求”,指对更上的无色有未放弃的生存期望,由此而适合投生到无色界。“依于他”,指依于那样的圣弟子。“对某些有五种随眠,对某些有三种随眠随逐”,这是《双论》(《随眠双论》312)中的文句。
Aññatthāti kāmaloke. Tatthāti rūpaloke. Ayaṃ aṭṭhakathāti ‘‘paṭhamajjhānabhūmiyaṃ nibbatto…pe… parinibbātī’’ti evaṃ pavattā aṭṭhakathā. Tenevāti yasmā rūpadhātuyaṃ upapanno adhippeto, na upapajjanāraho, teneva kāraṇena. Tassāti yathāvuttassa rūpadhātuyaṃ upapannassa ariyasāvakassa. Yena rūparāgena tattha rūpabhave upapanno, tasmiṃ arūpajjhānena vikkhambhite sammadeva diṭṭhādīnavesu yathā kāmarūpabhavesu āyatiṃ bhavābhilāso na bhavissati, evaṃ arūpabhavepīti dassento āha ‘‘puna…pe… bhavissatiyevā’’ti. Tattha nibbattoti rūpadhātuyaṃ upapanno. Ariyamaggaṃ bhāvetvāti heṭṭhimaṃ ariyamaggaṃ sampādetvā. Nibbattabhavādīnavadassanavasenāti tasmiṃ rūpabhave nibbattopi tattheva ādīnavadassanavasena. Anivattitabhavābhilāsoti upari arūpabhave avissaṭṭhabhavapatthano, yato arūpadhātuyaṃ upapajjanāraho. Tassa vasenāti tādisassa ariyasāvakassa vasena. ‘‘Kassaci pañca, kassaci tayo anusayā anusentī’’ti ayaṃ yamakapāḷi (yama. 2.anusayayamaka.312) pavattā.
7. 应了知等品解释
7. Abhiññeyyādivāravaṇṇanā
1030“色以被破坏为相,受以领纳为相”等,是摄持共相的。“触以接触为相,乐以适意为相”等,是摄持别相的。
1030. ‘‘Ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ rūpaṃ, anubhavanalakkhaṇā vedanā’’tiādinā sāmaññalakkhaṇapariggāhikā. ‘‘Phusanalakkhaṇo phasso, sātalakkhaṇaṃ sukha’’ntiādinā visesalakkhaṇapariggāhikā.
在“四蕴可能是善”等处,于此应说的内容,已在《蕴分别》等中说过,因此,其意趣是应依彼处所说的方法去理解。其余在此未说者,也容易了知。
‘‘Cattāro khandhā siyā kusalā’’tiādīsu idha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ khandhavibhaṅgādīsu vuttaṃ, tasmā tattha vuttanayeneva gahetabbanti adhippāyo. Sesaṃ yadettha na vuttaṃ, taṃ suviññeyyamevāti.