第八 鹏耆舍相应显示巴利原文
8. Vaṅgīsasaṃyuttaṃ
1. 出离经显示巴利原文
1. Nikkhantasuttaṃ
209 如是我闻:一时,具寿鹏耆舍住在阿罗毗的阿伽罗婆塔庙,与亲教师具寿尼果达咖巴在一起。那时,具寿鹏耆舍还是新比丘,出家不久,留下看守寺院。当时,许多妇女盛装打扮,来到阿伽罗婆园观看寺院。具寿鹏耆舍见到这些妇女后,心生不满,贪欲扰乱了他的心。于是,具寿鹏耆舍这样想:“我确实损失了,真是一无所得;我所得的实为不善,并非善得。我生起不满,贪欲扰乱我心,在这种情况下,如何还能指望别人为我除遣不满、生起欣喜?我应当自己除遣不满,令欣喜生起。”于是,具寿鹏耆舍自己除遣了不满、生起了欣喜,就在那时,说出这些偈颂。显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā vaṅgīso āḷaviyaṃ viharati aggāḷave cetiye āyasmatā nigrodhakappena upajjhāyena saddhiṃ. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā vaṅgīso navako hoti acirapabbajito ohiyyako vihārapālo. Atha kho sambahulā itthiyo samalaṅkaritvā yena aggāḷavako ārāmo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu vihārapekkhikāyo. Atha kho āyasmato vaṅgīsassa tā itthiyo disvā anabhirati uppajjati, rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseti. Atha kho āyasmato vaṅgīsassa etadahosi – ‘‘alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yassa me anabhirati uppannā, rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseti, taṃ kutettha labbhā, yaṃ me paro anabhiratiṃ vinodetvā abhiratiṃ uppādeyya. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ attanāva attano anabhiratiṃ vinodetvā abhiratiṃ uppādeyya’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso attanāva attano anabhiratiṃ vinodetvā abhiratiṃ uppādetvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
我已出离居家,成为无家者;
从黑暗中生起的粗恶寻思,向我袭来。
哪怕上千名勇士与神箭手,训练有素、手持强弓,
上千名毫不退却者,从四面八方将我团团围住。
纵使比这更多的女子前来,
“她们也不能扰乱我,因为我已安立于法中。”
我亲耳从太阳族亲的佛陀那里听闻此事:
“通往涅槃的道路,我心于此喜乐。”
“恶者,若你靠近如此安住的我,”
“死魔,我将这样做,让你连我的道路也看不见。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Nikkhantaṃ vata maṃ santaṃ, agārasmānagāriyaṃ; Vitakkā upadhāvanti, pagabbhā kaṇhato ime. ‘‘Uggaputtā mahissāsā, sikkhitā daḷhadhammino; Samantā parikireyyuṃ, sahassaṃ apalāyinaṃ. ‘‘Sacepi etato bhiyyo, āgamissanti itthiyo; Neva maṃ byādhayissanti , dhamme samhi patiṭṭhitaṃ. ‘‘Sakkhī hi me sutaṃ etaṃ, buddhassādiccabandhuno; Nibbānagamanaṃ maggaṃ, tattha me nirato mano. ‘‘Evañce maṃ viharantaṃ, pāpima upagacchasi; Tathā maccu karissāmi, na me maggampi dakkhasī’’ti.
2. 不乐经显示巴利原文
2. Aratisuttaṃ
210 一时,尊者鹏耆舍住在阿罗毗的阿伽罗婆寺支提耶,与他的亲教师尊者尼果达咖巴在一起。那时,尊者尼果达咖巴于午后从乞食处返回后,便进入住处,或于傍晚、或于次日,在适当的时候才出来。就在那时,尊者鹏耆舍生起了不满足,贪欲侵袭其心。于是,尊者鹏耆舍这样想:“我实在无所得,我实在未得利益;我实在难得,我实在未善得——因为我的心生起了不满足,被贪欲侵袭。从何处才能让他人为我除去这不满足,令满意生起呢?我何不自己为自己除去这不满足,令满意生起?”于是,尊者鹏耆舍自己为自己除去了不满足,令满意生起后,在那时诵出了这些偈颂:显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ…pe… āyasmā vaṅgīso āḷaviyaṃ viharati aggāḷave cetiye āyasmatā nigrodhakappena upajjhāyena saddhiṃ. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā nigrodhakappo pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vihāraṃ pavisati, sāyaṃ vā nikkhamati aparajju vā kāle. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato vaṅgīsassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseti. Atha kho āyasmato vaṅgīsassa etadahosi – ‘‘alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yassa me anabhirati uppannā, rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseti; taṃ kutettha labbhā, yaṃ me paro anabhiratiṃ vinodetvā abhiratiṃ uppādeyya. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ attanāva attano anabhiratiṃ vinodetvā abhiratiṃ uppādeyya’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso attanāva attano anabhiratiṃ vinodetvā abhiratiṃ uppādetvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
舍弃不乐与乐,连同一切与在家相关的思虑,一并彻底断除后,
不应在任何处增长缠缚之林;离缠缚、不乐著,他才是真正的比丘。
凡在大地、虚空,以及世间所摄的一切色法……
一切衰败之法皆是无常;如此彻知,解脱者便如是而住。
众生深着于诸所依,于所见、所闻、所触与所思,
于此调伏欲贪而不动摇;凡不染着于此者,即称为牟尼。
又,那些依止六十种邪见、充满寻思的人,在众人之中,安住于非法,
这位比丘不结朋党,更不口出粗恶之语。
他善巧、长久安住于定,无有虚伪,明敏,无嫉妒;
牟尼依缘证得寂静之境,已般涅槃,静待其时。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Aratiñca ratiñca pahāya, sabbaso gehasitañca vitakkaṃ; Vanathaṃ na kareyya kuhiñci, nibbanatho arato sa hi bhikkhu . ‘‘Yamidha pathaviñca vehāsaṃ, rūpagatañca jagatogadhaṃ; Kiñci parijīyati sabbamaniccaṃ, evaṃ samecca caranti mutattā. ‘‘Upadhīsu janā gadhitāse , diṭṭhasute paṭighe ca mute ca; Ettha vinodaya chandamanejo, yo ettha na limpati taṃ munimāhu. ‘‘Atha saṭṭhinissitā savitakkā, puthū janatāya adhammā niviṭṭhā; Na ca vaggagatassa kuhiñci, no pana duṭṭhullabhāṇī sa bhikkhu. ‘‘Dabbo cirarattasamāhito, akuhako nipako apihālu; Santaṃ padaṃ ajjhagamā muni paṭicca, parinibbuto kaṅkhati kāla’’nti.
211 一时,具寿鹏耆舍住在阿罗毗的阿伽罗婆寺塔庙,与他的亲教师具寿尼拘律陀迦共住。那时,具寿鹏耆舍凭着自己的辩才,轻慢其他具足戒行的比丘。于是,具寿鹏耆舍心中生起这样的念头:“这于我实为无益,实非利益;这于我实为不善得,实非善得:我竟凭着自己的辩才,轻慢其他具足戒行的比丘。”于是,具寿鹏耆舍内生懊悔,就在那时,说出这些偈颂:显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā vaṅgīso āḷaviyaṃ viharati aggāḷave cetiye āyasmatā nigrodhakappena upajjhāyena saddhiṃ. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā vaṅgīso attano paṭibhānena aññe pesale bhikkhū atimaññati. Atha kho āyasmato vaṅgīsassa etadahosi – ‘‘alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yvāhaṃ attano paṭibhānena aññe pesale bhikkhū atimaññāmī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso attanāva attano vippaṭisāraṃ uppādetvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
乔达摩!舍离慢心,亦舍离慢所行之道;
你深陷于种种慢道,长久以来追悔不已。
因此,无有冷酷之心,勇猛精进,弃舍诸盖,清净……
彻底舍弃了慢,他以明作终结,是真正的寂静者。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Mānaṃ pajahassu gotama, mānapathañca pajahassu; Asesaṃ mānapathasmiṃ, samucchito vippaṭisārīhuvā cirarattaṃ. ‘‘Makkhena makkhitā pajā, mānahatā nirayaṃ papatanti; Socanti janā cirarattaṃ, mānahatā nirayaṃ upapannā. ‘‘Na hi socati bhikkhu kadāci, maggajino sammāpaṭipanno; Kittiñca sukhañca anubhoti, dhammadasoti tamāhu pahitattaṃ. ‘‘Tasmā akhilodha padhānavā, nīvaraṇāni pahāya visuddho; Mānañca pahāya asesaṃ, vijjāyantakaro samitāvī’’ti.
4. 阿难经显示巴利原文
4. Ānandasuttaṃ
212 一时,具寿阿难住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿阿难于午前时分,穿好下衣,持钵与大衣,由具寿鹏耆舍作为随行沙门,一同进入舍卫城乞食。当时,具寿鹏耆舍心中生起了不喜乐,贪欲扰动其心。于是,具寿鹏耆舍以偈颂对具寿阿难说:显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi āyasmatā vaṅgīsena pacchāsamaṇena. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato vaṅgīsassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseti. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
我被欲贪所烧,心在炽燃;
乔达摩尊者,出于慈悯,请告诉我熄灭之法。
由于想的颠倒,你的心在炽燃;
你当避开那与贪欲相应的悦目之相。
你当修习不净观,令心专一、善入定;
愿你安住身至念,于诸行多生厌离;
你当修习无相,拔除我慢随眠;
从证悟我慢那一刻起,你便将安然安住。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi, cittaṃ me pariḍayhati; Sādhu nibbāpanaṃ brūhi, anukampāya gotamā’’ti. ‘‘Saññāya vipariyesā, cittaṃ te pariḍayhati; Nimittaṃ parivajjehi, subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ. ‘‘Saṅkhāre parato passa, dukkhato mā ca attato; Nibbāpehi mahārāgaṃ, mā ḍayhittho punappunaṃ. ‘‘Asubhāya cittaṃ bhāvehi, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ; Sati kāyagatā tyatthu, nibbidābahulo bhava. ‘‘Animittañca bhāvehi, mānānusayamujjaha; Tato mānābhisamayā, upasanto carissasī’’ti.
5. 善说经显示巴利原文
5. Subhāsitasuttaṃ
213 舍卫城。那时,世尊召唤诸比丘:“诸比丘。”“尊者。”那些比丘回答世尊。世尊这样说道:显示巴利原文
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
诸比丘,具足四支的语言是善说,而非恶说;它无可指摘,也不为智者所谴责。哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘唯说善语,不说恶语;唯说法,不说非法;唯说可爱语,不说不可爱语;唯说真实语,不说虚妄语。诸比丘,具足此四支的语言是善说,而非恶说;它无可指摘,也不为智者所谴责。世尊说了这个道理,善逝如是说后,导师又接着说:显示巴利原文
‘‘Catūhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatā vācā subhāsitā hoti, no dubbhāsitā; anavajjā ca ananuvajjā ca viññūnaṃ. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu subhāsitaṃyeva bhāsati no dubbhāsitaṃ, dhammaṃyeva bhāsati no adhammaṃ, piyaṃyeva bhāsati no appiyaṃ, saccaṃyeva bhāsati no alikaṃ. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi aṅgehi samannāgatā vācā subhāsitā hoti, no dubbhāsitā, anavajjā ca ananuvajjā ca viññūna’’nti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
善说,圣者誉为最上;
第二,应说法,不应说非法;
说悦耳之语,不说不悦耳之语,这是第三;
说真实之语,不说虚妄之语,这是第四。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Subhāsitaṃ uttamamāhu santo, Dhammaṃ bhaṇe nādhammaṃ taṃ dutiyaṃ; Piyaṃ bhaṇe nāppiyaṃ taṃ tatiyaṃ, Saccaṃ bhaṇe nālikaṃ taṃ catuttha’’nti.
于是,具寿鹏耆舍从座而起,将上衣搭于一肩,面向世尊合掌,对世尊说:“世尊,一首偈颂现于我心中;善逝,一首偈颂现于我心中。”世尊说:“鹏耆舍,那就让它显现吧。”于是,具寿鹏耆舍在世尊面前,以相宜的偈颂赞叹尊者大目犍连:显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭibhāti maṃ, bhagavā, paṭibhāti maṃ, sugatā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭibhātu taṃ, vaṅgīsā’’ti bhagavā avoca. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ bhagavato sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi –
唯应说此语:不令自己苦恼,
亦不侵损他人——如是之语方为善说。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Tameva vācaṃ bhāseyya, yāyattānaṃ na tāpaye; Pare ca na vihiṃseyya, sā ve vācā subhāsitā. ‘‘Piyavācaṃva bhāseyya, yā vācā paṭinanditā; Yaṃ anādāya pāpāni, paresaṃ bhāsate piyaṃ. ‘‘Saccaṃ ve amatā vācā, esa dhammo sanantano; Sacce atthe ca dhamme ca, āhu santo patiṭṭhitā. ‘‘Yaṃ buddho bhāsate vācaṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā; Dukkhassantakiriyāya, sā ve vācānamuttamā’’ti.
第六 舍利弗经显示巴利原文
6. Sāriputtasuttaṃ
214 一时,具寿舍利弗住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿舍利弗正以法语开示、劝导、激励、令诸比丘欢喜,所用的言辞优雅、流畅、无瑕,能阐明义理。而那些比丘们则专注、作意、全心投入,倾耳倾听法义。这时,具寿鹏耆舍心想:“这位舍利弗尊者正以法语开示、劝导、激励、令诸比丘欢喜,所用的言辞优雅、流畅、无瑕,能阐明义理。而那些比丘们则专注、作意、全心投入,倾耳倾听法义。我何不当着面以合宜的偈颂来称赞舍利弗尊者呢?”显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā sāriputto sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti poriyā vācāya vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā. Te ca bhikkhū aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi katvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasotā dhammaṃ suṇanti. Atha kho āyasmato vaṅgīsassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti poriyā vācāya vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā. Te ca bhikkhū aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi katvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasotā dhammaṃ suṇanti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthaveyya’’nti.
于是,具寿鹏耆舍从座而起,将上衣搭于一边肩,朝世尊的方向合掌致敬,然后对世尊这样说:“世尊,我有灵感涌出。善逝,我有灵感涌出。”“鹏耆舍,那便说出你的灵感。”世尊说道。于是,具寿鹏耆舍在世尊面前,以适当的偈颂赞叹具寿阿若憍陈如——显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭibhāti maṃ, bhagavā, paṭibhāti maṃ, sugatā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭibhātu taṃ, vaṅgīsā’’ti bhagavā avoca. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso āyasmantaṃ aññāsikoṇḍaññaṃ bhagavato sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi –
“智慧深广,明智俱足,善知何者为道、何者非道;”
舍利弗有大智慧,为比丘们说法。
他既能简略开示,亦能详细演说;
他的音声犹如沙利咖鸟,辩才流溢。
当他如此说法时,比丘们倾听他那甜美的音声,
那音声令人喜爱、清澈而优雅,
他们心意昂扬,满怀欣喜,倾耳谛听。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Gambhīrapañño medhāvī, maggāmaggassa kovido; Sāriputto mahāpañño, dhammaṃ deseti bhikkhunaṃ. ‘‘Saṃkhittenapi deseti, vitthārenapi bhāsati; Sāḷikāyiva nigghoso, paṭibhānaṃ udīrayi . ‘‘Tassa taṃ desayantassa, suṇanti madhuraṃ giraṃ; Sarena rajanīyena, savanīyena vaggunā; Udaggacittā muditā, sotaṃ odhenti bhikkhavo’’ti.
自恣经显示巴利原文
7. Pavāraṇāsuttaṃ
215 一时,世尊住在舍卫城东园鹿母讲堂,与约五百位比丘的大比丘僧团共住,他们皆是阿拉汉。那时,恰逢十五日布萨日,为行自恣,世尊被比丘僧团围绕,坐于露天。世尊环视默然静坐的比丘僧团,对诸比丘说:“来吧,比丘们,我现在向你们自恣:你们对我由身或语所造的任何事,可有什么可指责的吗?”显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi sabbeheva arahantehi. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase pavāraṇāya bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘handa dāni, bhikkhave, pavāremi vo. Na ca me kiñci garahatha kāyikaṃ vā vācasikaṃ vā’’ti.
听到这话后,具寿舍利弗从座起身,将上衣搭于一肩,朝向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说:“尊者,我们对世尊由身或语所造的事,没有任何可指责的。因为,尊者,世尊是那未生之道的开创者,是那未曾出现之道的引发者,是那未曾宣说之道的宣说者;是道的知者、道的识者、道的善巧者。而且,尊者,如今弟子们是随行道者,随后成就了(道)。那么,尊者,我向世尊自恣:世尊对我由身或语所造的任何事,可有什么可指责的呢?”显示巴利原文
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā sāriputto uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato kiñci garahāma kāyikaṃ vā vācasikaṃ vā. Bhagavā hi , bhante, anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā, maggaññū maggavidū maggakovido. Maggānugā ca, bhante, etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā; ahañca kho, bhante, bhagavantaṃ pavāremi. Na ca me bhagavā kiñci garahati kāyikaṃ vā vācasikaṃ vā’’ti.
世尊这样说:“舍利弗,对你由身或语所造的任何事,我确实没有任何可指责之处。舍利弗,你是智者;舍利弗,你是大慧者;舍利弗,你是广慧者;舍利弗,你是欢喜慧者;舍利弗,你是捷慧者;舍利弗,你是利慧者;舍利弗,你是洞察慧者。正如转轮王的太子,能够正确继承父王所转起的轮宝;同样地,舍利弗,你也正确继承了我所转起的无上法轮。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Na khvāhaṃ te, sāriputta, kiñci garahāmi kāyikaṃ vā vācasikaṃ vā. Paṇḍito tvaṃ, sāriputta, mahāpañño tvaṃ, sāriputta , puthupañño tvaṃ, sāriputta, hāsapañño tvaṃ, sāriputta, javanapañño tvaṃ, sāriputta, tikkhapañño tvaṃ, sāriputta, nibbedhikapañño tvaṃ, sāriputta. Seyyathāpi, sāriputta, rañño cakkavattissa jeṭṭhaputto pitarā pavattitaṃ cakkaṃ sammadeva anuppavatteti; evameva kho tvaṃ, sāriputta, mayā anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ sammadeva anuppavattesī’’ti.
舍利弗说:“尊者,倘若世尊对我身、语所行,确实毫无可指责之处,那么,尊者,世尊对这五百位比丘的身、语所行,是否也毫无可指责之处呢?” 世尊回答:“舍利弗,我对这五百位比丘的身、语所行,也确实毫无可指责之处。舍利弗,因为这五百位比丘中,有六十位是三明者,六十位是六通者,六十位是俱解脱者,其余的都是慧解脱者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘No ce kira me, bhante, bhagavā kiñci garahati kāyikaṃ vā vācasikaṃ vā. Imesaṃ pana, bhante, bhagavā pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ na kiñci garahati kāyikaṃ vā vācasikaṃ vā’’ti. ‘‘Imesampi khvāhaṃ, sāriputta, pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ na kiñci garahāmi kāyikaṃ vā vācasikaṃ vā. Imesañhi, sāriputta, pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ saṭṭhi bhikkhū tevijjā, saṭṭhi bhikkhū chaḷabhiññā, saṭṭhi bhikkhū ubhatobhāgavimuttā, atha itare paññāvimuttā’’ti.
那时,具寿鹏耆舍从座而起,将上衣搭于一肩,向世尊合掌致敬,对世尊说:“世尊,我有偈颂涌出!善逝,我有偈颂涌出!” “鹏耆舍,让你的偈颂涌出吧。”世尊说道。于是,具寿鹏耆舍在世尊面前,以契机的偈颂当面赞颂道:显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭibhāti maṃ, bhagavā, paṭibhāti maṃ, sugatā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭibhātu taṃ, vaṅgīsā’’ti bhagavā avoca. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso bhagavantaṃ sammukhā sāruppāya gāthāya abhitthavi –
今日是十五布萨之日,为了清净(自恣),五百位比丘已齐聚此处;
这些圣者已断除结缚,无忧无恼,不受后有。
犹如转轮王,为众大臣所围绕,
周遍巡行这以海为际的大地。
如此,那战胜战斗、无上的商队领袖,
具足三明、超越死魔的弟子们,前来亲近侍奉。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Ajja pannarase visuddhiyā, bhikkhū pañcasatā samāgatā; Saṃyojanabandhanacchidā , anīghā khīṇapunabbhavā isī. ‘‘Cakkavattī yathā rājā, amaccaparivārito; Samantā anupariyeti, sāgarantaṃ mahiṃ imaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃ vijitasaṅgāmaṃ, satthavāhaṃ anuttaraṃ; Sāvakā payirupāsanti, tevijjā maccuhāyino. ‘‘Sabbe bhagavato puttā, palāpettha na vijjati; Taṇhāsallassa hantāraṃ, vande ādiccabandhuna’’nti.
8. 千人经显示巴利原文
8. Parosahassasuttaṃ
216 一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园,与一千二百五十位比丘的大比丘僧团一起。那时,世尊正以关于涅槃的法语,教导、激励、鼓舞,令诸比丘欢喜。那些比丘全神贯注,用心思惟,倾注全部心意,侧耳聆听法。这时,具寿婆耆舍心想:“世尊正以关于涅槃的法语,教导、激励、鼓舞,令诸比丘欢喜。那些比丘全神贯注,用心思惟,倾注全部心意,侧耳聆听法。我何不在世尊面前,以适宜的偈颂当面称赞他呢?”显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ aḍḍhatelasehi bhikkhusatehi. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā bhikkhū nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti. Te ca bhikkhū aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi katvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasotā dhammaṃ suṇanti. Atha kho āyasmato vaṅgīsassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho bhagavā bhikkhū nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti. Te ca bhikkhū aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi katvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasotā dhammaṃ suṇanti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthaveyya’’nti.
于是,具寿婆耆舍从座起身,将上衣搭于一侧肩头,朝着世尊的方向合掌,对世尊说:“世尊,我心中涌出赞颂之意;善逝,我心中涌出赞颂之意。”世尊说:“那便说出来吧,婆耆舍。”于是,具寿婆耆舍便在世尊面前,以适宜的偈颂当面称赞道:显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭibhāti maṃ bhagavā, paṭibhāti maṃ sugatā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭibhātu taṃ, vaṅgīsā’’ti bhagavā avoca. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso bhagavantaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi –
千余位比丘,亲侍善逝,
他正教导无垢的法,那无所畏惧的涅槃。
世尊,您名为“龙象”,是诸仙中的第七仙;
您犹如巨大的雨云,降下法雨润泽您的弟子。
为见导师一面,他从日间禅坐处出来;
大雄,您的弟子鹏耆舍顶礼您的双足。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Parosahassaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ, sugataṃ payirupāsati; Desentaṃ virajaṃ dhammaṃ, nibbānaṃ akutobhayaṃ. ‘‘Suṇanti dhammaṃ vimalaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ; Sobhati vata sambuddho, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhato. ‘‘Nāganāmosi bhagavā, isīnaṃ isisattamo; Mahāmeghova hutvāna, sāvake abhivassati. ‘‘Divāvihārā nikkhamma, satthudassanakamyatā ; Sāvako te mahāvīra, pāde vandati vaṅgīso’’ti.
“鹏耆舍,这些偈颂是事先想好的,还是当下自然涌现的?”“尊者,这些偈颂并非事先想好,而是当下自然于心间涌现的。”“既然这样,鹏耆舍,就让更多未曾预先思惟的偈颂涌现出来吧。”“是,尊者。”具寿鹏耆舍回答世尊后,便以更多未曾预先思惟的偈颂称颂世尊:显示巴利原文
‘‘Kiṃ nu te, vaṅgīsa, imā gāthāyo pubbe parivitakkitā, udāhu ṭhānasova taṃ paṭibhantī’’ti? ‘Na kho me, bhante, imā gāthāyo pubbe parivitakkitā, atha kho ṭhānasova maṃ paṭibhantī’ti. ‘Tena hi taṃ, vaṅgīsa, bhiyyosomattāya pubbe aparivitakkitā gāthāyo paṭibhantū’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho āyasmā vaṅgīso bhagavato paṭissutvā bhiyyosomattāya bhagavantaṃ pubbe aparivitakkitāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi –
他征服魔罗的邪路,击破心中的荒芜,安然前行;
请看那位解缚者,无有执取,将法义逐一剖析;
为了度越瀑流,您宣说了种种不同的道路;
在那所宣说的不死之法中,见法者安住其中,不可动摇;
作为带来光明者,他已透彻通达,照见了对一切存有的超越;
了知且作证之后,他为五比丘宣说了这无上之法。
因此,在彼世尊的教法中,
应当时时不放逸、恭敬地修学。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Ummaggapathaṃ mārassa abhibhuyya, carati pabhijja khilāni; Taṃ passatha bandhapamuñcakaraṃ, asitaṃ bhāgaso pavibhajaṃ. ‘‘Oghassa nittharaṇatthaṃ, anekavihitaṃ maggaṃ akkhāsi; Tasmiñce amate akkhāte, dhammaddasā ṭhitā asaṃhīrā. ‘‘Pajjotakaro ativijjha , sabbaṭṭhitīnaṃ atikkamamaddasa; Ñatvā ca sacchikatvā ca, aggaṃ so desayi dasaddhānaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃ sudesite dhamme, Ko pamādo vijānataṃ dhammaṃ ; Tasmā hi tassa bhagavato sāsane; Appamatto sadā namassamanusikkhe’’ti.
9. 憍陈如经显示巴利原文
9. Koṇḍaññasuttaṃ
217 一时,世尊住于王舍城竹林中的松鼠喂养处。那时,久未与世尊见面的具寿阿若憍陈如,来到世尊跟前。到了之后,他以头面礼于世尊的双足,用口亲吻世尊的足,又以双手抚摩,并报上名字:‘世尊,我是憍陈如。善逝,我是憍陈如。’当时,具寿鹏耆舍心中思惟:‘这位久未相见的具寿阿若憍陈如,来到世尊跟前,以头面礼于佛足,用口亲吻佛足,又以双手抚摩,且自报姓名:世尊,我是憍陈如。善逝,我是憍陈如。就让我在世尊面前,以相应的偈颂来赞叹具寿阿若憍陈如吧。’显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho āyasmā aññāsikoṇḍañño sucirasseva yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati, pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati, nāmañca sāveti – ‘‘koṇḍaññohaṃ, bhagavā, koṇḍaññohaṃ, sugatā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmato vaṅgīsassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā aññāsikoṇḍañño sucirasseva yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati, pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati, nāmañca sāveti – ‘koṇḍaññohaṃ, bhagavā, koṇḍaññohaṃ, sugatā’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ āyasmantaṃ aññāsikoṇḍaññaṃ bhagavato sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthaveyya’’nti.
于是,具寿鹏耆舍从座而起,将上衣搭于一肩,向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说道:‘世尊,我生起了灵感。善逝,我生起了灵感。’世尊说:‘鹏耆舍,让灵感显现吧。’于是,具寿鹏耆舍在世尊面前,以相应的偈颂当面赞叹道:显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭibhāti maṃ bhagavā, paṭibhāti maṃ sugatā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭibhātu taṃ vaṅgīsā’’ti bhagavā avoca. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso bhagavantaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi –
那位随佛觉悟的长老憍陈如,精进勇猛,
他常获得诸乐住与远离之乐。
凡是依教奉行的弟子所能证得的,
他安住不放逸而修学,已证得一切。
具足大威德与三明,善能了知他心,
憍陈如,佛陀的继承者,如今礼敬导师双足。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Buddhānubuddho so thero, koṇḍañño tibbanikkamo; Lābhī sukhavihārānaṃ, vivekānaṃ abhiṇhaso. ‘‘Yaṃ sāvakena pattabbaṃ, satthusāsanakārinā; Sabbassa taṃ anuppattaṃ, appamattassa sikkhato. ‘‘Mahānubhāvo tevijjo, cetopariyāyakovido; Koṇḍañño buddhadāyādo , pāde vandati satthuno’’ti.
10. 目犍连经显示巴利原文
10. Moggallānasuttaṃ
218 一时,世尊住于王舍城仙人山侧的黑岩,与大比丘僧团共住,约有五百位比丘,皆是阿拉汉。其时,尊者大目犍连正以心审察他们的心,发现那些心已然解脱,无有所执。那时,具寿鹏耆舍心中生起此念:“如今世尊住于王舍城仙人山侧的黑岩,与大比丘僧团共住,约有五百位比丘,皆是阿拉汉。尊者大目犍连正以心审察他们的心,发现那些心已然解脱,无有所执。我何不在世尊面前,以适当的偈颂赞叹尊者大目犍连呢?”显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati isigilipasse kāḷasilāyaṃ mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi sabbeheva arahantehi. Tesaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno cetasā cittaṃ samannesati vippamuttaṃ nirupadhiṃ. Atha kho āyasmato vaṅgīsassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho bhagavā rājagahe viharati isigilipasse kāḷasilāyaṃ mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi sabbeheva arahantehi. Tesaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno cetasā cittaṃ samannesati vippamuttaṃ nirupadhiṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ bhagavato sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthaveyya’’nti.
于是,具寿鹏耆舍从座而起,将上衣搭于一肩,面向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说:“世尊,我心中涌现了偈颂!善逝,我心中涌现了偈颂!”世尊应道:“鹏耆舍,让它自然涌现吧。”于是,具寿鹏耆舍在世尊面前,以适当的偈颂当面赞叹道:显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭibhāti maṃ bhagavā, paṭibhāti maṃ sugatā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭibhātu taṃ, vaṅgīsā’’ti bhagavā avoca. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso bhagavantaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi –
那位抵达苦之彼岸的牟尼,正安坐于山坡之上;
具足三明、已胜死亡的弟子们,恭敬地围绕侍奉着他。
具大神通的目犍连,以心遍察他们;
他审察其心,已得解脱,无所执取。
如此具足一切美德的牟尼,是超越诸苦、抵达彼岸者;
具足种种功德的乔达摩,为众人所亲近侍奉。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Nagassa passe āsīnaṃ, muniṃ dukkhassa pāraguṃ; Sāvakā payirupāsanti, tevijjā maccuhāyino. ‘‘Te cetasā anupariyeti , moggallāno mahiddhiko; Cittaṃ nesaṃ samannesaṃ , vippamuttaṃ nirūpadhiṃ. ‘‘Evaṃ sabbaṅgasampannaṃ, muniṃ dukkhassa pāraguṃ; Anekākārasampannaṃ, payirupāsanti gotama’’nti.
11. 伽伽罗经显示巴利原文
11. Gaggarāsuttaṃ
219 一时,世尊住在瞻波城的伽伽罗池畔,与大比丘僧团共住,僧众约有五百位比丘、七百位男居士、七百位女居士,以及成千上万位天神。那时,世尊以其容色与声誉,光明超胜于在场的一切大众。这时,具寿鹏耆舍心中生起这样的念头:“这位世尊住在瞻波城的伽伽罗池畔,与大比丘僧团共住,僧众约有五百位比丘、七百位男居士、七百位女居士,以及成千上万位天神。而世尊以其容色与声誉,光明超胜于在场的一切大众。我今当在世尊面前,以一首适当的偈颂来称扬赞叹他。”显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi sattahi ca upāsakasatehi sattahi ca upāsikāsatehi anekehi ca devatāsahassehi. Tyāssudaṃ bhagavā atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Atha kho āyasmato vaṅgīsassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho bhagavā campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi sattahi ca upāsakasatehi sattahi ca upāsikāsatehi anekehi ca devatāsahassehi. Tyāssudaṃ bhagavā atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ sammukhā sāruppāya gāthāya abhitthaveyya’’nti.
这时,具寿鹏耆舍生起这样的念头:“如今,世尊正住于瞻波城的伽伽罗池畔,与五百位比丘、七百位男居士、七百位女居士及无数天神的大比丘僧团共住。而世尊以其相好光明与无上声望,在一切大众中光彩夺目,卓然特立。我何不于现前,以契合的偈颂,亲向世尊作赞颂呢?”显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yenāyasmā sāriputto tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭibhāti maṃ, āvuso sāriputta, paṭibhāti maṃ, āvuso sāriputtā’’ti. ‘‘Paṭibhātu taṃ, āvuso vaṅgīsā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā vaṅgīso āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi –
犹如无云夜空中的明月,
犹如无垢的太阳耀放光芒;
同样地,光耀者啊,您这大牟尼,
您以声誉照耀一切世间。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Cando yathā vigatavalāhake nabhe, Virocati vigatamalova bhāṇumā; Evampi aṅgīrasa tvaṃ mahāmuni, Atirocasi yasasā sabbaloka’’nti.
12. 鹏耆舍经显示巴利原文
12. Vaṅgīsasuttaṃ
220 一时,具寿鹏耆舍住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿鹏耆舍新证阿拉汉不久,正感受解脱之乐,便说出这些偈颂——显示巴利原文
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā vaṅgīso sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme . Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā vaṅgīso aciraarahattappatto hutvā vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedī tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
从前我们醉心于诗,从村到村、从城到城游行;
那时,我们见到了正自觉者,信心便在我们心中生起。
他为我开示了法:诸蕴、诸处、诸界;
听闻他的法之后,我便出家,行无家之道。
牟尼确是为了饶益众多人,而证得觉悟;
为比丘与比丘尼,那些已入正性决定者。
我能来到佛陀面前,真可谓是善来;
我已证得三明,圆满奉行了佛陀的教法。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Kāveyyamattā vicarimha pubbe, gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ; Athaddasāma sambuddhaṃ, saddhā no upapajjatha. ‘‘So me dhammamadesesi, khandhāyatanadhātuyo ; Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ. ‘‘Bahunnaṃ vata atthāya, bodhiṃ ajjhagamā muni; Bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnañca, ye niyāmagataddasā. ‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, mama buddhassa santike; Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ. ‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhuṃ visodhitaṃ; Tevijjo iddhipattomhi, cetopariyāyakovido’’ti.
《出离》、《不乐》,及《轻慢善人》;
《阿难》、《善说》,与《舍利弗自恣》。
《千人》《憍陈如》,以及关于大目犍连的《伽伽罗》;
《鹏耆舍》为第十二。
显示巴利原文 Nikkhantaṃ arati ceva, pesalā atimaññanā; Ānandena subhāsitā, sāriputtapavāraṇā; Parosahassaṃ koṇḍañño, moggallānena gaggarā; Vaṅgīsena dvādasāti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
这组在讲什么 这一组以具寿宛义萨(鹏耆舍)为中心,收录他以偈颂对治内心烦恼、赞叹佛陀与长老,以及即兴说法的事例。多数场景发生在他自行调伏起贪、慢或不乐之后,随即说出相应的感兴偈。整组展现了“以法偈对治烦恼、以诗赞表达信解”的修行方式,核心围绕不善寻的调伏、善语的标准和随念三宝而住。
出场人物 / 对告众 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Vaṅgīsa 宛义萨 / 鹏耆舍 说法者·诗偈比丘,本组主要人物 Nigrodhakappa 尼果达咖巴 具寿宛义萨的亲教师 Ānanda 阿难 具寿,宛义萨请教灭除贪欲的对象 Sāriputta 舍利弗 具寿,说法者,被宛义萨以偈称赞 Mahāmoggallāna 大目犍连 具寿,以心观察五百阿拉汉,被宛义萨赞颂 Godatta / Koṇḍañña 贡德雅 / 憍陈如 长久未见佛陀的具寿,被宛义萨赞颂 Bhagavā / Satthā 世尊 / 导师 佛陀,众偈常围绕的中心
核心法义(白话+重点) 这组从许多角度说明: 烦恼要在它生起的当下用正见与法偈来对治 。例如宛义萨见到妇女而起贪,不是靠压抑,而是让心转回自己已作证的“通往涅槃之道”。他常说:“我已安住于法中”——重点不是外在有没有引诱,而是心有没有安住。
代表句 (《出离经》):
→ 拆开看:重点不是“妇女会不会来”,而是“我安住在哪一法”——这里的法指他已经亲见的四圣谛与道果。
→ 要旨: 欲望不是靠逃避,是靠如实见而正向“住于法”。
另一关键脉络是“善语”的标准(《善说经》):善语有四支——说善、说法、说可爱语、说真实。宛义萨当即以诗总持:“真实确实是不死之语,这是永恒之法。”
→ 要旨: 语言清净本身就是修行,能导向涅槃。
关键术语锚 Pali 中文(经文用名) 为何易错 arati / anabhirati 不乐 / 不满意 不是一般“不高兴”,指心于梵行不得味、退失法乐;属微细的离欲不稳 vitakka 寻 / 诸寻思 于此经群指恶性寻(欲寻、瞋寻、害寻),并非禅支中性寻;译“寻”容易误以为中性思惟 ogha 瀑流 指四瀑流(欲、有、见、无明);容易被简化为“水流”而失去法义 muni 牟尼 并非泛称“圣者”,而是“寂静者”,特别指向已离系、不依着于诸见的比丘 nimitta 相(净美之相) 《阿难经》中指“与贪相应的净相”,非禅相;被颠倒想所取之相,是生起贪欲的直接缘
代表经(本组重点) - 《出离经》(SN 8.1) — 宛义萨初调伏见妇女所起贪,初次即兴作偈,奠定“自除不乐、自生喜悦”的修行模式
- 《不乐经》(SN 8.2) — 对照“不乐与乐”皆应舍断,明示舍断一切在家寻而安住不动
- 《阿难经》(SN 8.4) — 具体展开对治欲贪的禅修方法:离净相、修不净、修无相、断慢随眠
- 《舍利弗经》(SN 8.6) — 赞说法的四种善巧:总说、详说、声如沙利咖鸟、令闻者欢喜
- 《千人经》(SN 8.8) — 面对千二百五十比丘,宛义萨即兴赞佛说法“无垢”“无畏涅槃”,体现僧团和合共住的信解
- 《瓦吉萨经》(SN 8.12) — 以“我不放逸”作结,标举整组核心态度:以正念不放逸住于教法中