第六 梵天相应
6. Brahmasaṃyuttaṃ
1. 梵天劝请经
1. Brahmāyācanasuttaṃ
172如是我闻:一时,世尊初成正觉,住在优楼频螺村的尼连禅河岸边,阿阇波罗榕树下。那时,世尊独处静处,于禅修中,心中生起了这样的思惟:“我所证得的这个法,甚深、难见、难解,寂静、微妙,超越思惟推论的领域,唯有智者能够体会。然而,世间众生却乐于执著、喜爱执著、欢喜执著。对于这样乐于执著、喜爱执著、欢喜执著的众生来说,这称为‘此缘性、缘起’的道理,实难看清。而这称为‘一切行的止息、一切执取的舍离、渴爱的灭尽、离欲、灭、涅槃’的道理,也同样难以看清。我若去教导这个法,而他人不能理解我,那只会令我感到疲劳,只会令我受到困扰。”于是,世尊心中浮现出这些前所未有、不同寻常的偈颂:
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘adhigato kho myāyaṃ dhammo gambhīro duddaso duranubodho santo paṇīto atakkāvacaro nipuṇo paṇḍitavedanīyo. Ālayarāmā kho panāyaṃ pajā ālayaratā ālayasammuditā. Ālayarāmāya kho pana pajāya ālayaratāya ālayasammuditāya duddasaṃ idaṃ ṭhānaṃ yadidaṃ idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppādo. Idampi kho ṭhānaṃ duddasaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Ahañceva kho pana dhammaṃ deseyyaṃ; pare ca me na ājāneyyuṃ; so mamassa kilamatho, sā mamassa vihesā’’ti. Apissu bhagavantaṃ imā anacchariyā gāthāyo paṭibhaṃsu pubbe assutapubbā –
我历尽艰难而证得,如今已不须宣说;
那些深陷贪欲与嗔恨的人,难以真正了悟此法。
此法逆流而上,微妙、甚深、难见、精微;
那些耽著贪爱的人看不见它,因为他们被浓重的黑暗所遮蔽。
‘‘Kicchena me adhigataṃ, halaṃ dāni pakāsituṃ; Rāgadosaparetehi, nāyaṃ dhammo susambudho. ‘‘Paṭisotagāmiṃ nipuṇaṃ, gambhīraṃ duddasaṃ aṇuṃ; Rāgarattā na dakkhanti, tamokhandhena āvuṭā’’ti .
那时,世尊如此思惟,心便倾向于默然安住,而不倾向于宣说正法。
Itiha bhagavato paṭisañcikkhato appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati, no dhammadesanāya.
当时,娑婆主梵天以自心了知世尊心中的思惟,便这样想:“唉!这世间将要迷失了,这世间将要败亡了!如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者的心,竟倾向于安住无为,而不倾向于演说正法。”于是,娑婆主梵天犹如力士屈伸手臂,从梵天界隐没,出现在世尊面前。那时,娑婆主梵天偏袒上衣一肩,右膝跪地,朝世尊合掌,对世尊这样说:'尊者!请世尊说法!请善逝说法!有些众生尘垢稀薄,因不听闻法而退堕;他们将成为法的了知者。'娑婆主梵天这样说后,接着又说了偈颂:
Atha kho brahmuno sahampatissa bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi – ‘‘nassati vata bho loko, vinassati vata bho loko, yatra hi nāma tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa appossukkatāya cittaṃ namati , no dhammadesanāyā’’ti. Atha kho brahmā sahampati – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ pathaviyaṃ nihantvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘desetu, bhante, bhagavā dhammaṃ, desetu sugato dhammaṃ. Santi sattā apparajakkhajātikā, assavanatā dhammassa parihāyanti. Bhavissanti dhammassa aññātāro’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca –
过去,在摩揭陀国人中,曾出现过由垢秽者所构想的不净教说。请您推开不死之门!
不清净之法,被污垢者所思惟;
请开启这扇解脱不死之门,
让他们听闻吧——无垢者所证悟的清净之法。
就像立于石山之巅,
能遍见四方众生;
同样地,明智者啊,请您登上这法所成的殿阁,
具一切眼者,请登上殿堂!
无忧者,请观那陷入忧愁的人们,
请观那被生老所逼迫的人们。
‘‘Pāturahosi magadhesu pubbe, Dhammo asuddho samalehi cintito; Apāpuretaṃ amatassa dvāraṃ, Suṇantu dhammaṃ vimalenānubuddhaṃ. ‘‘Sele yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito, Yathāpi passe janataṃ samantato; Tathūpamaṃ dhammamayaṃ sumedha, Pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhu; Sokāvatiṇṇaṃ janatamapetasoko, Avekkhassu jātijarābhibhūtaṃ. ‘‘Uṭṭhehi vīra vijitasaṅgāma, Satthavāha anaṇa vicara loke; Desassu bhagavā dhammaṃ, Aññātāro bhavissantī’’ti.
那时,世尊了知梵天的劝请,出于对众生的悲悯,以佛眼观察世间。世尊以佛眼观察世间时,看见众生中有眼尘少者、眼尘多者,有根器利者、根器钝者,有相貌善者、相貌恶者,有易教导者、难教导者,有住于观见他世罪过与怖畏者,有不住于观见他世罪过与怖畏者。譬如青莲花池、红莲花池或白莲花池中,有些青莲、红莲或白莲生于水中、长于水中,没入水中而得滋养;有些青莲、红莲或白莲生于水中、长于水中,立于水面;有些青莲、红莲或白莲生于水中、长于水中,出离水面挺立而不为水所染。正如此,世尊以佛眼观察世间时,看见众生中有眼尘少者、眼尘多者,有根器利者、根器钝者,有相貌善者、相貌恶者,有易教导者、难教导者,有住于观见他世罪过与怖畏者,有不住于观见他世罪过与怖畏者。见已,即以偈颂回答梵天萨含巴帝——
Atha kho bhagavā brahmuno ca ajjhesanaṃ viditvā sattesu ca kāruññataṃ paṭicca buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokesi. Addasā kho bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante. Seyyathāpi nāma uppaliniyaṃ vā paduminiyaṃ vā puṇḍarīkiniyaṃ vā appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakānuggatāni anto nimuggaposīni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni samodakaṃ ṭhitāni, appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṃvaḍḍhāni udakā accuggamma ṭhitāni anupalittāni udakena; evameva bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento addasa satte apparajakkhe mahārajakkhe tikkhindriye mudindriye svākāre dvākāre suviññāpaye duviññāpaye, appekacce paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante, appekacce na paralokavajjabhayadassāvine viharante. Disvāna brahmānaṃ sahampatiṃ gāthāya paccabhāsi –
我因念及损恼,而未宣说此善巧法,
梵天啊,于人世间,这殊胜之法。
‘‘Apārutā tesaṃ amatassa dvārā, Ye sotavanto pamuñcantu saddhaṃ; Vihiṃsasaññī paguṇaṃ na bhāsiṃ, Dhammaṃ paṇītaṃ manujesu brahme’’ti.
那时,娑婆主梵天了知:“世尊已许我说法。”便礼敬世尊,右绕之后,即于彼处隐没。
Atha kho brahmā sahampati ‘‘katāvakāso khomhi bhagavatā dhammadesanāyā’’ti bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
2. 恭敬经
2. Gāravasuttaṃ
173如是我闻:一时,世尊住在伍儒韦拉的尼连禅河岸边,山羊牧者榕树下,初成正觉。那时,世尊独处静虑,心生如是思惟:“无恭敬、无尊重而住,是为苦。我应恭敬、尊重哪一位沙门或婆罗门,依止而住呢?”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘dukkhaṃ kho agāravo viharati appatisso, kaṃ nu khvāhaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyya’’nti?
世尊心中思惟:“为了令未圆满的戒蕴得以圆满,我应恭敬、尊重并依止另一位沙门或婆罗门安住。然而,在包含天、魔、梵的世间,以及沙门、婆罗门、天、人诸众生中,我不见任何沙门或婆罗门在戒上比我更修习圆满,堪为我恭敬、尊重并依止而住。”
Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘aparipuṇṇassa kho sīlakkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ . Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya attanā sīlasampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
“为了令未圆满的定蕴得以圆满,我应恭敬、尊重并依止另一位沙门或婆罗门安住。然而,在天界世间……乃至……我不见任何在定上比我更修习圆满的沙门或婆罗门,堪为我恭敬、尊重并依止而住。”
‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa kho samādhikkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke…pe… attanā samādhisampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
“为了令未圆满的慧蕴得以圆满,我应恭敬、尊重并依止另一位沙门或婆罗门安住。然而,在天界世间……乃至……我不见任何在慧上比我更修习圆满的沙门或婆罗门,堪为我恭敬、尊重并依止而住。”
‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa paññākkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake…pe… attanā paññāsampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
若我的解脱蕴未臻圆满,为求圆满,我便会恭敬、尊重并依止另一位沙门或婆罗门而住。然而,纵观天界世间……乃至……,我不见有任何沙门或婆罗门在解脱上胜过于我,堪受我恭敬、尊重与依止。
‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa kho vimuttikkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake…pe… attanā vimuttisampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ.
若我的解脱知见蕴未臻圆满,为求圆满,我便会恭敬、尊重并依止另一位沙门或婆罗门而住。然而,在这有天神、魔罗、梵天的世间,在沙门、婆罗门、天人与众人当中,我不见有任何沙门或婆罗门在解脱知见上胜过于我,堪受我恭敬、尊重与依止。既如此,我宁可恭敬、尊重并依止我所彻悟的这个法而住。
‘‘Aparipuṇṇassa kho vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya attanā vimuttiñāṇadassanasampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yvāyaṃ dhammo mayā abhisambuddho tameva dhammaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyya’’nti.
那时,娑婆主梵天以心感知世尊心念——犹如一位力士将弯曲的手臂伸直,或把伸直的手臂弯曲那般迅速——从梵天界消失,出现在世尊面前。娑婆主梵天将上衣搭于一肩,向世尊合掌行礼,对世尊这样说:“正是如此,世尊!正是如此,善逝!尊者,过去的阿拉汉、正自觉者,皆恭敬、尊重并依止法而住;未来的阿拉汉、正自觉者,也将如是恭敬、尊重并依止法而住;尊者,当下的世尊,身为阿拉汉、正自觉者,也请恭敬、尊重并依止法而住。”娑婆主梵天说了这些,接着又说:
Atha kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito bhagavato purato pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evametaṃ , bhagavā, evametaṃ, sugata! Yepi te, bhante, ahesuṃ atītamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā, tepi bhagavanto dhammaññeva sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihariṃsu; yepi te, bhante, bhavissanti anāgatamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā tepi bhagavanto dhammaññeva sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharissanti. Bhagavāpi, bhante, etarahi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho dhammaññeva sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya viharatū’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca –
过去诸正自觉者,与未来诸佛,
以及现在这位正自觉者——众多人的忧苦除灭者,
一切敬重正法的觉者,他们过去曾住,现在也住,
他们亦将如此安住,此即诸佛的法则。
是故,若人欲求自我利益、渴望崇高成就,
便应恭敬正法,忆念诸佛的教诫。
‘‘Ye ca atītā sambuddhā, ye ca buddhā anāgatā; Yo cetarahi sambuddho, bahūnaṃ sokanāsano. ‘‘Sabbe saddhammagaruno, vihaṃsu viharanti ca; Tathāpi viharissanti, esā buddhāna dhammatā. ‘‘Tasmā hi attakāmena , mahattamabhikaṅkhatā; Saddhammo garukātabbo, saraṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti.
梵天经
3. Brahmadevasuttaṃ
174如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,有位婆罗门女,她的儿子名梵天提婆,于世尊座前从在家出家,过着无家的生活。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarissā brāhmaṇiyā brahmadevo nāma putto bhagavato santike agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti.
那时,梵天提婆尊者独居远离,不放逸,勇猛精进,心意坚定,不久便于此现法中,以自慧证得了那无上梵行的究竟——正是良家子弟从在家而出家所追求的目标。他彻知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不受后有。’梵天提婆尊者成为了一位阿拉汉。
Atha kho āyasmā brahmadevo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti , vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā brahmadevo arahataṃ ahosi.
那时,梵天提婆尊者在午前时分,着下裳,持钵与衣,进入舍卫城托钵乞食。当他在舍卫城中次第乞食时,来到了自己母亲的住处。当时,梵天提婆尊者的母亲——那位婆罗门女,正持续地向梵天献供。这时,娑婆主梵天心中思惟:“梵天提婆尊者的母亲,那婆罗门女,一直持续地向梵天献供。我何不前往她那里,令她心生警醒呢?”于是,娑婆主梵天犹如力士屈伸手臂,从梵天界消失,出现在梵天提婆尊者母亲的住处。随后,娑婆主梵天立于空中,以偈颂对梵天提婆尊者的母亲——那位婆罗门女说:
Atha kho āyasmā brahmadevo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṃ sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena sakamātu nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato brahmadevassa mātā brāhmaṇī brahmuno āhutiṃ niccaṃ paggaṇhāti . Atha kho brahmuno sahampatissa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmato brahmadevassa mātā brāhmaṇī brahmuno āhutiṃ niccaṃ paggaṇhāti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ upasaṅkamitvā saṃvejeyya’’nti. Atha kho brahmā sahampati – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – brahmaloke antarahito āyasmato brahmadevassa mātu nivesane pāturahosi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati vehāsaṃ ṭhito āyasmato brahmadevassa mātaraṃ brāhmaṇiṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
婆罗门女,梵天世界远在彼方,
你恒常为之献供的那个,
婆罗门女,梵天的食粮并非如此,
你不知梵天之道,为何还在那里念念有词?
婆罗门女,这位正是你的梵天提婆,
他已无依着,超越诸天境界;
他一无所有,身为比丘,不养育他人,
他正是那位入你家乞食的人。
‘‘Dūre ito brāhmaṇi brahmaloko, Yassāhutiṃ paggaṇhāsi niccaṃ; Netādiso brāhmaṇi brahmabhakkho, Kiṃ jappasi brahmapathaṃ ajānaṃ . ‘‘Eso hi te brāhmaṇi brahmadevo, Nirūpadhiko atidevapatto; Akiñcano bhikkhu anaññaposī, Yo te so piṇḍāya gharaṃ paviṭṭho. ‘‘Āhuneyyo vedagu bhāvitatto, Narānaṃ devānañca dakkhiṇeyyo;
他已断除诸恶,不为尘垢所染,
依乞食而活,内心清凉寂静。
他既无未来的牵挂,也无过去的留恋,
他宁静无烟,无忧无盼;
于一切颤栗与不动的众生,他已舍下棍杖,
请他受用你的供奉——这无上的施食。
他已摧破军阵,心得寂静,
如调伏的龙象,安稳而行,无有渴爱;
比丘具足善戒,心善解脱。
你对他净信坚固,不动不摇,
请将布施奠立于应受供养者之上;
应行福德,这将带来未来的安乐。
婆罗门女,你已见到了渡越暴流的牟尼,
对他生起不动摇的净信,
她将供养施与了堪受供养者;
她造作了能带来未来安乐的福德,
这位婆罗门女见到了已渡越暴流的牟尼。
Bāhitvā pāpāni anūpalitto, Ghāsesanaṃ iriyati sītibhūto. ‘‘Na tassa pacchā na puratthamatthi, Santo vidhūmo anigho nirāso; Nikkhittadaṇḍo tasathāvaresu, So tyāhutiṃ bhuñjatu aggapiṇḍaṃ. ‘‘Visenibhūto upasantacitto, Nāgova danto carati anejo; Bhikkhu susīlo suvimuttacitto, So tyāhutiṃ bhuñjatu aggapiṇḍaṃ. ‘‘Tasmiṃ pasannā avikampamānā, Patiṭṭhapehi dakkhiṇaṃ dakkhiṇeyye; Karohi puññaṃ sukhamāyatikaṃ, Disvā muniṃ brāhmaṇi oghatiṇṇa’’nti. ‘‘Tasmiṃ pasannā avikampamānā, Patiṭṭhapesi dakkhiṇaṃ dakkhiṇeyye; Akāsi puññaṃ sukhamāyatikaṃ, Disvā muniṃ brāhmaṇī oghatiṇṇa’’nti.
巴咖梵天经
4. Bakabrahmasuttaṃ
175如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。于此处,世尊唤诸比丘:“诸比丘。”比丘们应诺:“尊者。”世尊如是说:
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
那时,世尊以自心了知婆迦梵天的心念,恰如力士弯曲或伸直手臂一般,从祇园隐没,出现于彼梵天界。婆迦梵天远远望见世尊走来,见已,便对世尊说:“来吧,尊者!欢迎您,尊者!尊者能来此处,真是久违了。尊者,此为常,此为坚固,此为永恒,此为圆满,此为不坏灭之法;于此,既无生,无老,无死,无消逝,亦无再生。而且,除此之外,更无更高的出离。”
Atha kho bhagavā bakassa brahmuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Addasā kho bako brahmā bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ehi kho mārisa, svāgataṃ te, mārisa! Cirassaṃ kho mārisa! Imaṃ pariyāyamakāsi yadidaṃ idhāgamanāya. Idañhi, mārisa, niccaṃ, idaṃ dhuvaṃ, idaṃ sassataṃ, idaṃ kevalaṃ, idaṃ acavanadhammaṃ, idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati. Ito ca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ natthī’’ti.
世尊听了这话,便对婆迦梵天说道:“婆迦梵天真是陷于无明之中!婆迦梵天真是陷于无明之中!本是无常,他却说是恒常;本不坚固,他却说是坚固;本非永久,他却说是永久;本不圆满,他却说是圆满;本是坏灭之法,他却说是不坏灭之法。再者,对于那有生、老、死、消逝、转生之处,他竟如此宣称:‘这不生、不老、不死、不消逝、不转生。’明明有另一更高的出离,他却说‘没有另外的、更高的出离’。”
Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā bakaṃ brahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘avijjāgato vata, bho, bako brahmā; avijjāgato vata, bho, bako brahmā. Yatra hi nāma aniccaṃyeva samānaṃ niccanti vakkhati, adhuvaṃyeva samānaṃ dhuvanti vakkhati, asassataṃyeva samānaṃ sassatanti vakkhati, akevalaṃyeva samānaṃ kevalanti vakkhati, cavanadhammaṃyeva samānaṃ acavanadhammanti vakkhati. Yattha ca pana jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca, tañca tathā vakkhati – ‘idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati’. Santañca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ, ‘natthaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇa’nti vakkhatī’’ti.
“乔达摩啊,我等七十二功德成就者,
自在威力者,已超越生与老;
明达者,这便是最后的梵天投生。
婆迦,你所认为的长寿,
百千尼罗浮陀,
梵天,我知你的寿命。
你曾施予众人饮水,
在他们焦渴、炎热、疲惫之时;
那便是你往昔的戒行与誓愿。
你曾解救那位正被带走的受困者;
那是你往昔的誓愿与戒行;
犹如从沉睡中醒来,我忆起了这些往事。
那艘在恒河水流中被抓住的船,
凶暴的那伽,贪求着人间的众生;
你以强力强行将他们解救,
那便是你往昔的誓愿与戒行。
我曾是你的随从迦波,
你以为那持守誓愿者便是觉者;
你往昔的誓愿与戒行,
犹如刚从睡梦中醒来的人,我忆念得清清楚楚。
你确实了知我此寿命,
其余的你也了知,因为你是佛陀;
你那辉煌的威光,
正照耀着这梵天界。
‘‘Dvāsattati gotama puññakammā, Vasavattino jātijaraṃ atītā; Ayamantimā vedagū brahmupapatti, Asmābhijappanti janā anekā’’ti. ‘‘Appañhi etaṃ na hi dīghamāyu, Yaṃ tvaṃ baka maññasi dīghamāyuṃ; ‘‘Sataṃ sahassānaṃ nirabbudānaṃ, Āyuṃ pajānāmi tavāhaṃ brahme’’ti. ‘‘Anantadassī bhagavāhamasmi, Jātijaraṃ sokamupātivatto; Kiṃ me purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ, Ācikkha me taṃ yamahaṃ vijaññā’’ti. ‘‘Yaṃ tvaṃ apāyesi bahū manusse, Pipāsite ghammani samparete; Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ, Suttappabuddhova anussarāmi. ‘‘Yaṃ eṇikūlasmiṃ janaṃ gahītaṃ, Amocayī gayhakaṃ nīyamānaṃ; Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ, Suttappabuddhova anussarāmi. ‘‘Gaṅgāya sotasmiṃ gahītanāvaṃ, Luddena nāgena manussakamyā; Pamocayittha balasā pasayha, Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ, Suttappabuddhova anussarāmi. ‘‘Kappo ca te baddhacaro ahosiṃ, Sambuddhimantaṃ vatinaṃ amaññi; Taṃ te purāṇaṃ vatasīlavattaṃ, Suttappabuddhova anussarāmī’’ti. ‘‘Addhā pajānāsi mametamāyuṃ, Aññepi jānāsi tathā hi buddho; Tathā hi tyāyaṃ jalitānubhāvo, Obhāsayaṃ tiṭṭhati brahmaloka’’nti.
5. 某梵天经
5. Aññatarabrahmasuttaṃ
176舍卫城为缘起。 那时,某位梵天心中生起了这样邪恶的见解: “没有哪个沙门或婆罗门能来到这里。” 世尊以心感知那位梵天内心的想法后, 犹如力士屈伸臂顷……(中略)……出现在那个梵天界。 接着, 世尊在比那位梵天更高的虚空中, 结跏趺坐, 入于火界定。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa brahmuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘natthi so samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā yo idha āgaccheyyā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tassa brahmuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho bhagavā tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā.
那时,具寿大目犍连尊者心想:“世尊此刻在何处安住呢?”具寿大目犍连尊者以清净、超越凡夫的天眼,望见世尊正在那位梵天之上的虚空中,结跏趺坐,入于火界定。见后,他犹如一位力士将弯曲的手臂伸直,或将伸直的手臂弯曲一般迅捷,从祇树给孤独园隐没,现于那梵天界中。随即,具寿大目犍连尊者面向东方,于那位梵天之上的虚空结跏趺坐,入于火界定,其位次略低于世尊。
Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisinnaṃ tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno puratthimaṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
那时,具寿大迦叶尊者心中思惟:“世尊现今于何处安住?”具寿大迦叶尊者以天眼观见世尊……(中略)……见已,譬如力士屈伸臂顷,从祇树给孤独园隐没,于梵天界出现。随后,具寿大迦叶尊者面向南方,于彼梵天之上的虚空中结跏趺坐,入火界定,安坐于世尊稍低之处。
Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā…pe… disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
那时,具寿摩诃劫宾那尊者心中思惟:“世尊现今于何处安住?”具寿摩诃劫宾那尊者以天眼观见世尊……(中略)……入于火界定。见已,譬如力士屈伸臂顷,从祇树给孤独园隐没,于梵天界出现。随后,具寿摩诃劫宾那尊者面向西方,于彼梵天之上的虚空中结跏趺坐,入火界定,安坐于世尊稍低之处。
Atha kho āyasmato mahākappinassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahākappino bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā…pe… tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva – jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākappino pacchimaṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
那时,具寿阿那律尊者心中思惟:“世尊现今于何处安住?”具寿阿那律尊者……(中略)……入于火界定。见已,譬如力士屈伸臂顷,于梵天界出现。随后,具寿阿那律尊者面向北方,于彼梵天之上的虚空中结跏趺坐,入火界定,安坐于世尊稍低之处。
Atha kho āyasmato anuruddhassa etadahosi – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā anuruddho…pe… tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho uttaraṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
那时,尊者大目犍连以偈颂对那位梵天说:
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ brahmānaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“尊者,我过去所持的见解,如今已不是我的见解了。”
我见到了那超越梵天界的光辉;
那么今日我又怎能说“我是常、是永恒”呢?
‘‘Ajjāpi te āvuso sā diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahu; Passasi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassara’’nti. ‘‘Na me mārisa sā diṭṭhi, yā me diṭṭhi pure ahu; Passāmi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ; Svāhaṃ ajja kathaṃ vajjaṃ, ahaṃ niccomhi sassato’’ti.
于是,世尊令那位梵天生起敬畏心之后,犹如一位强壮的人弯曲伸展的手臂,或将弯曲的手臂伸展一样,就这样从梵天界消失,出现在祇园。于是,那位梵天便召唤身边的一位梵天眷属:“来吧,仁者,前往具寿大目犍连尊者之处;到后,请对具寿大目犍连这样说:‘目犍连尊者,可还有其他世尊的弟子,也像目犍连尊者、迦叶尊者、咖毕那尊者和阿那律尊者那样,有大神通、大威德吗?’”“是的,尊者。”那位梵天眷属应声。
Atha kho bhagavā taṃ brahmānaṃ saṃvejetvā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – tasmiṃ brahmaloke antarahito jetavane pāturahosi. Atha kho so brahmā aññataraṃ brahmapārisajjaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, mārisa, yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ evaṃ vadehi – ‘atthi nu kho, mārisa moggallāna, aññepi tassa bhagavato sāvakā evaṃmahiddhikā evaṃmahānubhāvā ; seyyathāpi bhavaṃ moggallāno kassapo kappino anuruddho’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, mārisā’’ti kho so brahmapārisajjo tassa brahmuno paṭissutvā yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, mārisa moggallāna, aññepi tassa bhagavato sāvakā evaṃmahiddhikā evaṃmahānubhāvā; seyyathāpi bhavaṃ moggallāno kassapo kappino anuruddho’’ti? Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ brahmapārisajjaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“那些具足三明、获得神通、善知他心的漏尽者;
那些灭尽烦恼的阿拉汉,都是佛陀众多的弟子。”
‘‘Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, cetopariyāyakovidā; Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakā’’ti.
那时,那位梵天随从对尊者大目犍连所说的话感到欢喜、赞许之后,便前往那位梵天那里。到了之后,对那位梵天说:“尊者,大目犍连尊者这样说道——”
Atha kho so brahmapārisajjo āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā yena so brahmā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ brahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyasmā mārisa, mahāmoggallāno evamāha –
三明具足者、神通成就者、善知他心者;
诸漏已尽的阿拉汉,皆是佛陀的弟子。”
‘‘Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, cetopariyāyakovidā; Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakā’’ti.
那位梵天随从说了这番话。那位梵天满心欢喜,随喜了梵天随从的话。
Idamavoca so brahmapārisajjo. Attamano ca so brahmā tassa brahmapārisajjassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
6. 梵天界经
6. Brahmalokasuttaṃ
177舍卫城因缘。那时,世尊正在白昼的静修中独处。这时候,独处梵天善梵和独处梵天净居来到世尊这里,到后各自傍着一根门柱站立。接着,独处梵天善梵对独处梵天净居这样说:“善友,此刻不是拜见世尊的时候,世尊正在白昼的静修中独处。有一个梵天界富足繁荣,住在那里的梵天却过着放逸的生活。善友,我们去那个梵天界吧,到那里之后,让那位梵天生起警觉。”“好的,善友。”独处梵天净居回答独处梵天善梵。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ upanissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho subrahmā paccekabrahmā suddhāvāsaṃ paccekabrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘akālo kho tāva, mārisa, bhagavantaṃ payirupāsituṃ; divāvihāragato bhagavā paṭisallīno ca. Asuko ca brahmaloko iddho ceva phīto ca, brahmā ca tatra pamādavihāraṃ viharati. Āyāma, mārisa, yena so brahmaloko tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ brahmānaṃ saṃvejeyyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ , mārisā’’ti kho suddhāvāso paccekabrahmā subrahmuno paccekabrahmuno paccassosi.
那时,善独梵天与净居独梵天——犹如一位力士……正如此般——从世尊面前消失,出现在那个梵天界中。那位梵天远远望见这两位梵天正走过来。见后,他便对那两位梵天说道:“两位尊者,你们从何处来?”“尊者,我们是从彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者身边而来。尊者,您是否也应前去侍奉彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者呢?”
Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva – bhagavato purato antarahitā tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahesuṃ. Addasā kho so brahmā te brahmāno dūratova āgacchante. Disvāna te brahmāno etadavoca – ‘‘handa kuto nu tumhe, mārisā, āgacchathā’’ti? ‘‘Āgatā kho mayaṃ, mārisa, amha tassa bhagavato santikā arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Gaccheyyāsi pana tvaṃ, mārisa, tassa bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti?
听了此言,那位梵天不愿接受劝告,便化现出千个化身,对善梵独处梵天说:“贤者,你可见到我这般神通威力了吗?”“贤者,我见到了。”“贤者,我既有如此神通、如此威力,又何需去侍奉其他比我更殊胜的沙门或婆罗门呢?”
Evaṃ vutto kho so brahmā taṃ vacanaṃ anadhivāsento sahassakkhattuṃ attānaṃ abhinimminitvā subrahmānaṃ paccekabrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘passasi me no tvaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti? ‘‘Passāmi kho tyāhaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti. ‘‘So khvāhaṃ, mārisa, evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo kassa aññassa samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā upaṭṭhānaṃ gamissāmī’’ti?
于是,善梵独处梵天化现两千化身,对那位梵天说:“贤者,你可见到我这般神通威力了吗?”“贤者,我见到了。”“贤者,彼世尊的神通与威力,比你和我都更为殊胜。贤者,你应去侍奉彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者才对啊。”于是,那位梵天以偈颂对善梵独处梵天说:
Atha kho subrahmā paccekabrahmā dvisahassakkhattuṃ attānaṃ abhinimminitvā taṃ brahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘passasi me no tvaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti? ‘‘Passāmi kho tyāhaṃ, mārisa, evarūpaṃ iddhānubhāva’’nti. ‘‘Tayā ca kho, mārisa, mayā ca sveva bhagavā mahiddhikataro ceva mahānubhāvataro ca. Gaccheyyāsi tvaṃ, mārisa, tassa bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti? Atha kho so brahmā subrahmānaṃ paccekabrahmānaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
三只金翅鸟、四只天鹅,
母虎、五百位禅修者;
梵天啊,你的这座宫殿正闪耀光芒,
照亮了北方的方向。
纵使你的这座宫殿如此熠熠生辉,
将北方的方向映照通明;
然而,智者见色中存有躁动,恒常令人不安,
因此,有慧者不耽著于色。
‘‘Tayo supaṇṇā caturo ca haṃsā, Byagghīnisā pañcasatā ca jhāyino; Tayidaṃ vimānaṃ jalate ca brahme, Obhāsayaṃ uttarassaṃ disāya’’nti. ‘‘Kiñcāpi te taṃ jalate vimānaṃ, Obhāsayaṃ uttarassaṃ disāyaṃ; Rūpe raṇaṃ disvā sadā pavedhitaṃ, Tasmā na rūpe ramatī sumedho’’ti.
那时,善梵天与净居梵天这两位独处梵天,令那位梵天心生警醒后,便当即消失于彼处。后来,那位梵天前去亲近世尊——阿拉汉、正自觉者。
Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā taṃ brahmānaṃ saṃvejetvā tatthevantaradhāyiṃsu . Agamāsi ca kho so brahmā aparena samayena bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassāti.
7. 拘迦利经
7. Kokālikasuttaṃ
178在舍卫城。那时,世尊正在日中独处静坐。这时,善梵天和净居梵天两位独立梵天来到世尊处,各自倚着门柱站立。于是,善梵天独立梵天以拘迦利比丘为缘,在世尊面前说出此偈:
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ nissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho subrahmā paccekabrahmā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
试图衡量那不可衡量者,我想,那只是被蒙蔽的凡夫罢了。
‘‘Appameyyaṃ paminanto, kodha vidvā vikappaye; Appameyyaṃ pamāyinaṃ, nivutaṃ taṃ maññe puthujjana’’nti.
8. 迦达摩达迦帝沙经
8. Katamodakatissasuttaṃ
179那时,世尊正于日中独处静修。善梵天与净居梵天两位独处梵天来到世尊前,到了之后,分立在门柱两旁。这时,净居梵天就迦达摩达迦帝沙比丘,在世尊面前说出此偈:
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā divāvihāragato hoti paṭisallīno. Atha kho subrahmā ca paccekabrahmā suddhāvāso ca paccekabrahmā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paccekaṃ dvārabāhaṃ nissāya aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha kho suddhāvāso paccekabrahmā katamodakatissakaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
试图衡量那不可衡量之人,我想,他定是为黑暗所蔽的愚者。
‘‘Appameyyaṃ paminanto, kodha vidvā vikappaye; Appameyyaṃ pamāyinaṃ, nivutaṃ taṃ maññe akissava’’nti.
都路梵天经
9. Turūbrahmasuttaṃ
180舍卫城因缘。那时,葛格离格比丘生了重病,痛苦难忍,病情沉重。独一梵天都路在深夜时分,以殊胜的容貌照亮整座祇园,来到葛格离格比丘跟前,立于空中,对他说:“葛格离格,请对舍利弗与目犍连生起净信吧,舍利弗与目犍连是良善贤德者。”“你是哪位,朋友?”“我是都路独一梵天。”“朋友,世尊不是授记你为不还者吗?既然如此,你为何还会来到这里?你看,你此番犯下了多大的过失!”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena kokāliko bhikkhu ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho turū paccekabrahmā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena kokāliko bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vehāsaṃ ṭhito kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti. ‘‘Kosi tvaṃ, āvuso’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ turū paccekabrahmā’’ti. ‘‘Nanu tvaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā anāgāmī byākato, atha kiñcarahi idhāgato? Passa, yāvañca te idaṃ aparaddha’’nti.
人一出生,口中便带有一把斧子;
愚人出口恶言,即如持斧自伤。
若有称赞应受谴责之人,
或是责难应受称赞之人;
他以口舌累积过失,
由此过失,无从获得安乐。
这等过失微不足道,
在掷骰的赌局中输尽财富,
纵使失去一切所有乃至自身,
这才真正是更大的厄难。
百千尼罗浮陀,
及三十六与五阿浮陀;
诽谤圣者者,堕入地狱;
心怀恶语与恶念。
‘‘Purisassa hi jātassa, kuṭhārī jāyate mukhe; Yāya chindati attānaṃ, bālo dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇaṃ. ‘‘Yo nindiyaṃ pasaṃsati, Taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo; Vicināti mukhena so kaliṃ, Kalinā tena sukhaṃ na vindati. ‘‘Appamattako ayaṃ kali, Yo akkhesu dhanaparājayo; Sabbassāpi sahāpi attanā, Ayameva mahantataro kali; Yo sugatesu manaṃ padosaye. ‘‘Sataṃ sahassānaṃ nirabbudānaṃ, Chattiṃsati pañca ca abbudāni; Yamariyagarahī nirayaṃ upeti, Vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya pāpaka’’nti.
10. 瞿迦梨经
10. Kokālikasuttaṃ
181舍卫城因缘。那时,瞿迦梨比丘来到世尊跟前,礼敬世尊后,坐于一旁。坐在一旁的瞿迦梨比丘对世尊这样说:“尊者,舍利弗与目犍连是恶欲之人,已被邪恶的欲望所制伏。”听闻此语,世尊对瞿迦梨比丘这样说:“瞿迦梨,不要这样说;瞿迦梨,不要这样说。瞿迦梨,应当对舍利弗与目犍连生起净信。舍利弗与目犍连是可爱、可敬的。”第二次,瞿迦梨比丘又对世尊这样说:“尊者,虽然世尊是我所信赖与皈依的,但是尊者,舍利弗与目犍连确实是恶欲之人,已被邪恶的欲望所制伏。”第二次,世尊对瞿迦梨比丘这样说:“瞿迦梨,不要这样说;瞿迦梨,不要这样说。瞿迦梨,应当对舍利弗与目犍连生起净信。舍利弗与目犍连是可爱、可敬的。”第三次,瞿迦梨比丘再对世尊这样说:“尊者,虽然世尊是我所信赖与皈依的,但是尊者,舍利弗与目犍连确实是恶欲之人,已被邪恶的欲望所制伏。”第三次,世尊对瞿迦梨比丘这样说:“瞿迦梨,不要这样说;瞿迦梨,不要这样说。瞿迦梨,应当对舍利弗与目犍连生起净信。舍利弗与目犍连是可爱、可敬的。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pāpicchā, bhante, sāriputtamoggallānā pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca; mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca. Pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiñcāpi me, bhante, bhagavā saddhāyiko paccayiko; atha kho pāpicchāva bhante, sāriputtamoggallānā pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca; mā hevaṃ, kokālika, avaca. Pasādehi, kokālika, sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ. Pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho kokāliko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiñcāpi…pe… icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā hevaṃ…pe… pesalā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti.
那时,瞿迦梨比丘从座而起,向世尊顶礼、右绕后离去。离去后不久,他全身便长满了芥子般大小的疮。这些疮由芥子大小变为绿豆大小,由绿豆大小变为鹰嘴豆大小,由鹰嘴豆大小变为枣核大小,由枣核大小变为枣子大小,由枣子大小变为余甘子大小,由余甘子大小变为未熟的木苹果大小,再由未熟的木苹果大小变为木苹果大小,随即迸裂,流出脓血。接着,瞿迦梨比丘便因那场病而命终。命终后,由于对舍利弗与大目犍连心生嗔忿,他投生到莲花地狱。
Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Acirapakkantassa ca kokālikassa bhikkhuno sāsapamattīhi pīḷakāhi sabbo kāyo phuṭo ahosi. Sāsapamattiyo hutvā muggamattiyo ahesuṃ, muggamattiyo hutvā kalāyamattiyo ahesuṃ, kalāyamattiyo hutvā kolaṭṭhimattiyo ahesuṃ, kolaṭṭhimattiyo hutvā kolamattiyo ahesuṃ, kolamattiyo hutvā āmalakamattiyo ahesuṃ, āmalakamattiyo hutvā beluvasalāṭukamattiyo ahesuṃ, beluvasalāṭukamattiyo hutvā billamattiyo ahesuṃ, billamattiyo hutvā pabhijjiṃsu. Pubbañca lohitañca pagghariṃsu. Atha kho kokāliko bhikkhu teneva ābādhena kālamakāsi . Kālaṅkato ca kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapajji sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā.
那时,夜分已深,娑婆主梵天以其绝妙容光照亮了整座祇树给孤独园,来到世尊面前,顶礼后,立于一旁。站在一旁的娑婆主梵天对世尊这样说:“尊者,瞿迦梨比丘已命终。尊者,瞿迦梨比丘命终后,因对舍利弗与大目犍连心生嗔忿,投生到了莲花地狱。”娑婆主梵天如此说毕,顶礼世尊、右绕,即于其处隐没。
Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sahampati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kokāliko, bhante, bhikkhu kālaṅkato. Kālaṅkato ca, bhante, kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’’ti. Idamavoca brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
当夜过后,世尊便将此事告诉比丘们:“比丘们,昨夜深夜,娑婆主梵天以其绝妙的容光遍照整座祇树给孤独园后,来到我面前。他向我行礼,立于一旁。比丘们,立于一旁的娑婆主梵天对我这样说:‘尊者,果咖离咖比丘已命终。尊者,果咖离咖比丘身坏命终后,因对舍利弗与大目犍连两位尊者心生瞋恨,而投生于莲花地狱。’比丘们,娑婆主梵天说了这些话,说完后向我行礼、右绕三匝,便在那里消失了。”
Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā accayena bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘imaṃ, bhikkhave, rattiṃ brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho, bhikkhave, brahmā sahampati maṃ etadavoca – ‘kokāliko, bhante, bhikkhu kālaṅkato. Kālaṅkato ca, bhante, kokāliko bhikkhu padumaṃ nirayaṃ upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’ti. Idamavoca, bhikkhave , brahmā sahampati, idaṃ vatvā maṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyī’’ti.
听到这话后,一位比丘问世尊:“尊者,在莲花地狱中的寿命有多长呢?”“比丘,莲花地狱中的寿命极其漫长,那不是轻易能计算的,无法用多少年、多少百年、多少千年乃至多少十万年来衡量。”“那么,尊者,可否作一个譬喻呢?”“比丘,可以的。”世尊说。
Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kīvadīghaṃ nu kho, bhante, padume niraye āyuppamāṇa’’nti? ‘‘Dīghaṃ kho, bhikkhu, padume niraye āyuppamāṇaṃ. Taṃ na sukaraṃ saṅkhātuṃ – ettakāni vassāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasatāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasahassāni iti vā, ettakāni vassasatasahassāni iti vā’’ti. ‘‘Sakkā pana, bhante, upamaṃ kātu’’nti? ‘‘Sakkā , bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca –
“比丘,就好比一辆装满芝麻的憍萨罗国产运芝麻车,容量为二十伽梨。有一个人每一百年过后,便从其中取出一粒芝麻。比丘,用这种方法,那辆装了二十伽梨芝麻的憍萨罗国运芝麻车,会更快地被取尽、耗光,然而一个阿部多地狱的刑期却还未完。比丘,二十个阿部多地狱,相当于一个尼罗部多地狱。比丘,二十个尼罗部多地狱,相当于一个阿波波地狱。比丘,二十个阿波波地狱,相当于一个阿吒吒地狱。比丘,二十个阿吒吒地狱,相当于一个阿呵呵地狱。比丘,二十个阿呵呵地狱,相当于一个古木多地狱。比丘,二十个古木多地狱,相当于一个索犍提迦地狱。比丘,二十个索犍提迦地狱,相当于一个优钵罗地狱。比丘,二十个优钵罗地狱,相当于一个分陀利迦地狱。比丘,二十个分陀利迦地狱,相当于一个莲花地狱。比丘,果咖离咖比丘正是因为对舍利弗和大目犍连两位尊者心生瞋恨,才投生到了莲花地狱。”这是世尊所说。善逝如此说完后,大导师更进而说了以下偈颂:
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho. Tato puriso vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena ekamekaṃ tilaṃ uddhareyya; khippataraṃ kho so, bhikkhu, vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho iminā upakkamena parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya, na tveva eko abbudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati abbudā nirayā, evameko nirabbudanirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati nirabbudā nirayā, evameko ababo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati ababā nirayā, evameko aṭaṭo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati aṭaṭā nirayā, evameko ahaho nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati ahahā nirayā, evameko kumudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati kumudā nirayā, evameko sogandhiko nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati sogandhikā nirayā, evameko uppalanirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati uppalā nirayā, evameko puṇḍariko nirayo. Seyyathāpi , bhikkhu, vīsati puṇḍarikā nirayā, evameko padumo nirayo. Padume pana, bhikkhu, niraye kokāliko bhikkhu upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
人一出生,
口中便生起一把斧头;
愚者以它砍伤自己,
愚人口出恶言,
称赞应受呵责的,
或呵责应受称叹的;
他以口追寻灾厄,
因这灾厄,他不得安乐。
这损失原属微细,
那只是在骰戏中输掉财物;
纵使输尽一切、连同自己,
这才是更大的过失。
百千尼罗浮陀之寿命,
三十六与五阿浮陀;
凡呵责圣者之人,便趋入地狱,
将言语与心意导向邪恶。
‘‘Purisassa hi jātassa, Kuṭhārī jāyate mukhe; Yāya chindati attānaṃ, Bālo dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇaṃ. ‘‘Yo nindiyaṃ pasaṃsati, Taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo; Vicināti mukhena so kaliṃ, Kalinā tena sukhaṃ na vindati. ‘‘Appamattako ayaṃ kali, Yo akkhesu dhanaparājayo; Sabbassāpi sahāpi attanā, Ayameva mahantaro kali; Yo sugatesu manaṃ padosaye. Sataṃ sahassānaṃ nirabbudānaṃ, Chattiṃsati pañca ca abbudāni; Yamariyagarahī nirayaṃ upeti, Vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya pāpaka’’nti.
劝请、恭敬与梵天提婆,
婆迦梵天及另一种见;
放逸者瞿迦离、提舍,
度卢梵天,以及另一个果咖离。
Āyācanaṃ gāravo brahmadevo, Bako ca brahmā aparā ca diṭṭhi; Pamādakokālikatissako ca, Turū ca brahmā aparo ca kokālikoti.
1. 常童子经
1. Sanaṅkumārasuttaṃ
182如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城的萨毗尼河边。那时,常童子梵天于后夜时分,以殊胜的容光遍照整个萨毗尼河岸,来到世尊前。到已,顶礼世尊后,立于一面。立于一面后,常童子梵天在世尊面前诵出此偈:
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati sappinītīre. Atha kho brahmā sanaṅkumāro abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ sappinītīraṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sanaṅkumāro bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
依族姓而论人,刹帝利最为殊胜;
明行具足者,于天与人中,最为殊胜。
‘‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ, ye gottapaṭisārino; Vijjācaraṇasampanno, so seṭṭho devamānuse’’ti.
这是常童子梵天所说,大师表示认可。那时,常童子梵天了知“大师认可我了”,便顶礼世尊、右绕之后,即于彼处隐没。
Idamavoca brahmā sanaṅkumāro. Samanuñño satthā ahosi. Atha kho brahmā sanaṅkumāro ‘‘samanuñño me satthā’’ti bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
第二 提婆达多经
2. Devadattasuttaṃ
183如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城的灵鹫山上,那时提婆达多刚离开不久。是夜,夜色渐深,娑婆主梵天以殊妙的容色遍照整座灵鹫山,来至世尊处。他顶礼世尊后,立于一旁。立于一旁后,娑婆主梵天就提婆达多之事,在世尊面前说此偈颂:
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate acirapakkante devadatte. Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ pabbataṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sahampati devadattaṃ ārabbha bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
果实确实毁坏芭蕉,果实毁坏竹,果实亦毁坏芦苇;
利养恭敬毁坏那卑劣之人,正如怀胎毁坏母骡。
‘‘Phalaṃ ve kadaliṃ hanti, phalaṃ veḷuṃ phalaṃ naḷaṃ; Sakkāro kāpurisaṃ hanti, gabbho assatariṃ yathā’’ti.
3. 安陀迦频陀经
3. Andhakavindasuttaṃ
184一时,世尊住在摩揭陀国的安陀迦频陀。那时,世尊在深夜的黑暗中露天而坐,天空飘着毛毛细雨。夜色渐深,娑婆主梵天以殊胜的容光,照亮了整座安陀迦频陀,来到世尊跟前。他趋前向世尊行礼,退立一旁。立于一旁的娑婆主梵天,在世尊面前说出以下偈颂:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā māgadhesu viharati andhakavinde. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā rattandhakāratimisāyaṃ abbhokāse nisinno hoti, devo ca ekamekaṃ phusāyati. Atha kho brahmā sahampati abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ andhakavindaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho brahmā sahampati bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
应常亲近偏远僻静的住所,
应常修习,以从诸结缚中彻底解脱;
若于彼处仍不能得喜悦,
便应安住僧团中,善护己身,具足正念。
次第乞食,不择门户,
守护根门,明智而警觉,正念具足;
应亲近寂静偏僻的住处,
已从恐惧中解脱,于无怖中得自在。
那里有令人怖畏的蛇虫,
闪电交驰,雷声震响;
在沉沉的暗夜里,
比丘坐在那里,毫毛不竖。
“此事确是我亲眼所见,并非仅是传闻,”
在同一梵行教法中,有千位战胜死亡者。
有学超过五百位,又有十位,及十个十位,
他们全都证得入流果,不再堕于畜生道。
至于其余的众生,在我心里,都是同沾功德的众生;
但我实在无法算计其数,恐犯妄语故。
‘‘Sevetha pantāni senāsanāni, Careyya saṃyojanavippamokkhā; Sace ratiṃ nādhigaccheyya tattha, Saṅghe vase rakkhitatto satīmā. ‘‘Kulākulaṃ piṇḍikāya caranto, Indriyagutto nipako satīmā; Sevetha pantāni senāsanāni, Bhayā pamutto abhaye vimutto. ‘‘Yattha bheravā sarīsapā , Vijju sañcarati thanayati devo; Andhakāratimisāya rattiyā, Nisīdi tattha bhikkhu vigatalomahaṃso. ‘‘Idañhi jātu me diṭṭhaṃ, nayidaṃ itihītihaṃ; Ekasmiṃ brahmacariyasmiṃ, sahassaṃ maccuhāyinaṃ. ‘‘Bhiyyo pañcasatā sekkhā, dasā ca dasadhā dasa; Sabbe sotasamāpannā, atiracchānagāmino. ‘‘Athāyaṃ itarā pajā, puññabhāgāti me mano; Saṅkhātuṃ nopi sakkomi, musāvādassa ottapa’’nti .
4. 阿卢那跋提经
4. Aruṇavatīsuttaṃ
185如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,婆迦梵天生起这样的邪见:“这是恒常的,这是坚固的,这是永久的,这是圆满的,这是不灭坏之法;因为此法不生、不老、不死、不灭、不再生。除此以外,再也没有其他更高的出离了。”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bakassa brahmuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘idaṃ niccaṃ, idaṃ dhuvaṃ, idaṃ sassataṃ, idaṃ kevalaṃ, idaṃ acavanadhammaṃ, idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, ito ca panaññaṃ uttariṃ nissaraṇaṃ natthī’’ti.
诸比丘,过去久远之时,有一位国王名叫阿噜那。诸比丘,阿噜那王的都城名为阿卢那跋提。诸比丘,尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者依止在阿卢那跋提都城而住。诸比丘,尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者有两名上首弟子,名叫阿毗浮与参巴瓦,是一对优秀的贤善弟子。那时,诸比丘,尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者对阿毗浮比丘说:“婆罗门,我们到某个梵天界去吧,直到用餐时分。”诸比丘,阿毗浮比丘回答尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者:“是的,尊者。”诸比丘,那时,尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者与阿毗浮比丘,犹如一位力士伸直弯曲的手臂,或弯曲伸直的手臂那样迅速,从阿卢那跋提都城消失,出现在彼梵天界中。
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā ahosi aruṇavā nāma. Rañño kho pana, bhikkhave, aruṇavato aruṇavatī nāma rājadhānī ahosi. Aruṇavatiṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, rājadhāniṃ sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho upanissāya vihāsi. Sikhissa kho pana, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa abhibhūsambhavaṃ nāma sāvakayugaṃ ahosi aggaṃ bhaddayugaṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘āyāma, brāhmaṇa, yena aññataro brahmaloko tenupasaṅkamissāma, yāva bhattassa kālo bhavissatī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paccassosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhū ca bhikkhu – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – aruṇavatiyā rājadhāniyā antarahitā tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahesuṃ.
随后,诸比丘,尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者对阿毗浮比丘说:“婆罗门,请你为梵天、梵天众与梵天随从们作一次法谈。”诸比丘,阿毗浮比丘回答尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者:“是的,尊者。”于是,他以法谈为梵天、梵天众和梵天随从们开示、劝导、激励,令其欢喜。诸比丘,就在这时,梵天、梵天众及梵天随从们不以为然,非议批评道:“真是稀有啊,诸位!真是奇特啊,诸位!老师就在面前,弟子竟然自己说法呢!”
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘paṭibhātu, brāhmaṇa, taṃ brahmuno ca brahmaparisāya ca brahmapārisajjānañca dhammī kathā’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paṭissutvā, brahmānañca brahmaparisañca brahmapārisajje ca dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘acchariyaṃ vata , bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho, kathañhi nāma satthari sammukhībhūte sāvako dhammaṃ desessatī’’’ti !
于是,诸比丘,尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者对阿毗浮比丘说:“婆罗门,梵天、梵天众和梵天随众正在抱怨:‘真是稀有啊,诸位!真是奇特啊,诸位!老师就在面前,弟子怎么竟然会说法!’那么,婆罗门,你应当更强烈地激起梵天、梵天众和梵天随众的震动。”诸比丘,阿毗浮比丘回答尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者:“好的,尊者。”随后,他以可见的身体说法,也以不可见的身体说法;以可见的下半身和不可见的上半身说法;以可见的上半身和不可见的下半身说法。诸比丘,就在那时,梵天、梵天众和梵天随众心中生起了稀有、奇特之念:“真是稀有啊!真是奇特啊!这位沙门竟有如此大神通、大威力!”
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhuṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘ujjhāyanti kho te, brāhmaṇa, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca – acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, kathañhi nāma satthari sammukhībhūte sāvako dhammaṃ desessatīti! Tena hi tvaṃ brāhmaṇa, bhiyyosomattāya brahmānañca brahmaparisañca brahmapārisajje ca saṃvejehī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paṭissutvā dissamānenapi kāyena dhammaṃ desesi, adissamānenapi kāyena dhammaṃ desesi, dissamānenapi heṭṭhimena upaḍḍhakāyena adissamānena uparimena upaḍḍhakāyena dhammaṃ desesi, dissamānenapi uparimena upaḍḍhakāyena adissamānena heṭṭhimena upaḍḍhakāyena dhammaṃ desesi. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca acchariyabbhutacittajātā ahesuṃ – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā’’’ti!
于是,阿毗浮比丘对尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者这样说:“尊者,我记得曾在比丘僧团中说过这样的话:‘贤友,我能立于梵天界,以音声令一千个世界界域皆得闻知。’”“婆罗门,时机到了,婆罗门,时机到了。婆罗门,现在你就立于梵天界,以音声令一千个世界界域皆得闻知吧。”诸比丘,阿毗浮比丘回答尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者:“好的,尊者。”于是,他立于梵天界,说出这些偈颂:
‘‘Atha kho abhibhū bhikkhu sikhiṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘abhijānāmi khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhikkhusaṅghassa majjhe evarūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā – pahomi khvāhaṃ āvuso, brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpetu’nti. ‘Etassa, brāhmaṇa, kālo, etassa, brāhmaṇa, kālo; yaṃ tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, brahmaloke ṭhito sahassilokadhātuṃ sarena viññāpeyyāsī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, bhante’ti kho, bhikkhave, abhibhū bhikkhu sikhissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa paṭissutvā brahmaloke ṭhito imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
凡于此法与律中,不放逸而住者,
永断生死流转,必将作苦之边际。
‘‘Ārambhatha nikkamatha , yuñjatha buddhasāsane; Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro. ‘‘Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati; Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti.
“那时,诸比丘,尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者与阿毗浮比丘,令梵天、梵众与梵天眷属心生警惧后,犹如力士屈伸臂顷,便从梵天界隐没,于阿卢那跋提王都显现。那时,尸弃佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者召唤诸比丘:“诸比丘,你们听到阿毗浮比丘立于梵天界中所说的偈颂了吗?”“尊者,我们听到了阿毗浮比丘立于梵天界中所说的偈颂。”“诸比丘,你们是如何听到的?”“尊者,我们是这样听到阿毗浮比丘立于梵天界中所说偈颂的——”
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī ca bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho abhibhū ca bhikkhu brahmānañca brahmaparisañca brahmapārisajje ca saṃvejetvā – seyyathāpi nāma…pe… tasmiṃ brahmaloke antarahitā aruṇavatiyā rājadhāniyā pāturahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sikhī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘assuttha no, tumhe, bhikkhave, abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’ti? ‘Assumha kho mayaṃ, bhante, abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’ti. ‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe, bhikkhave, assuttha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’’’ti? Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, assumha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassa –
奋起精进,策励前行,全心投入佛陀的教法;
摧破死魔的军阵,如巨象踏毁芦苇之屋。
凡于此法与律中,不放逸而安住者,
舍弃了生死轮回,便将作苦之终结。
‘‘Ārambhatha nikkamatha, yuñjatha buddhasāsane; Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro. ‘‘Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati; Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī’’ti.
“尊者,我们正是这样听到阿毗浮比丘立于梵天界中宣说这些偈颂的。”“善哉,善哉,诸比丘!诸比丘,你们听闻了阿毗浮比丘立于梵天界中宣说的偈颂,这实在很好。”
‘‘‘Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, assumha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’ti. ‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhave; sādhu kho tumhe, bhikkhave! Assuttha abhibhussa bhikkhuno brahmaloke ṭhitassa gāthāyo bhāsamānassā’’’ti.
这是世尊所说。比丘们心满意足,对世尊的教导欢喜赞叹。
Idamavoca bhagavā, attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
般涅槃经
5. Parinibbānasuttaṃ
186一时,世尊住在拘尸那罗的优波跋檀那,末罗人的娑罗林,两棵并生的娑罗树之间,正值般涅槃的时刻。那时,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我现在告诉你们——‘诸行是坏灭之法,应以不放逸而成就。’这就是如来的最后遗教。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kusinārāyaṃ viharati upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane antarena yamakasālānaṃ parinibbānasamaye. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘handa dāni, bhikkhave , āmantayāmi vo – ‘vayadhammā saṅkhārā, appamādena sampādethā’ti. Ayaṃ tathāgatassa pacchimā vācā’’.
那时,世尊进入初禅。从初禅出定后,进入第二禅;从第二禅出定后,进入第三禅;从第三禅出定后,进入第四禅;从第四禅出定后,进入空无边处;从空无边处出定后,进入识无边处;从识无边处出定后,进入无所有处;从无所有处出定后,进入非想非非想处;从非想非非想处出定后,进入想受灭定。
Atha kho bhagavā paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Paṭhamā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Dutiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Tatiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Catutthā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākāsānañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Viññāṇañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākiñcaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpajji.
从想受灭定出定后,他进入了非想非非想处定。从非想非非想处定出定后,他进入了无所有处定。从无所有处定出定后,他进入了识无边处定。从识无边处定出定后,他进入了空无边处定。从空无边处定出定后,他进入了第四禅那。从第四禅那出定后,他进入了第三禅那。从第三禅那出定后,他进入了第二禅那。从第二禅那出定后,他进入了初禅那。从初禅那出定后,他进入了第二禅那。从第二禅那出定后,他进入了第三禅那。从第三禅那出定后,他进入了第四禅那。从第四禅那出定后,随后,世尊便般涅槃了。世尊般涅槃时,娑婆主梵天当即说出此偈颂:
Saññāvedayitanirodhā vuṭṭhahitvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākiñcaññāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Viññāṇañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpajji. Ākāsānañcāyatanā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Catutthā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Tatiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Dutiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Paṭhamā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Dutiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Tatiyā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajji. Catutthā jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā samanantaraṃ bhagavā parinibbāyi. Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā brahmā sahampati imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
一切世间的众生,终将舍弃此积聚之身;
此世间中,如此导师,无可比拟,
如来力已圆满,正自觉者已般涅槃。
‘‘Sabbeva nikkhipissanti, bhūtā loke samussayaṃ; Yattha etādiso satthā, loke appaṭipuggalo; Tathāgato balappatto, sambuddho parinibbuto’’ti.
世尊入般涅槃时,诸天之主帝释天即说此偈:
Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā sakko devānamindo imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
诸行确是无常,其性即生起与坏灭;
生起之后便灭去,他们寂止是安乐。
‘‘Aniccā vata saṅkhārā, uppādavayadhammino; Uppajjitvā nirujjhanti, tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho’’ti.
当世尊般涅槃时,尊者阿难随即说出此偈:
Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā āyasmā ānando imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
那时真是恐怖,那时令人毛发竖立;
在具足一切殊胜德相的正自觉者般涅槃之时。
‘‘Tadāsi yaṃ bhiṃsanakaṃ, tadāsi lomahaṃsanaṃ; Sabbākāravarūpete, sambuddhe parinibbute’’ti.
世尊般涅槃时,尊者阿那律在那时说出这些偈颂:
Parinibbute bhagavati saha parinibbānā āyasmā anuruddho imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
如来安住于心,已无出息与入息;
不动不摇,依止寂静,具眼者已入般涅槃。
以无退缩之心,他安忍于感受;
他的心解脱,犹如灯火熄灭。
‘‘Nāhu assāsapassāso, ṭhitacittassa tādino; Anejo santimārabbha, cakkhumā parinibbuto . ‘‘Asallīnena cittena, vedanaṃ ajjhavāsayi; Pajjotasseva nibbānaṃ, vimokkho cetaso ahū’’ti.
梵天座、提婆达多、安陀迦频陀、阿卢那跋提,
及以《般涅槃》所说,是名梵天五经。
Brahmāsanaṃ devadatto, andhakavindo aruṇavatī; Parinibbānena ca desitaṃ, idaṃ brahmapañcakanti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
这组在讲什么
这一组围绕娑婆主梵天等天神与佛陀及上首弟子的互动而编集。经典记录了梵天请佛转法轮的缘起、佛陀破斥梵天“常、恒、永恒”等邪见、以及诸弟子在梵天界展示神通与正见的故事。全组以情節说明:即使在天界被尊为“创造主”,也仍处于无明与生死流转之中,佛法与涅槃才是超越诸天界的终极皈依处。
出场人物 / 对告众
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Brahmā Sahampati | 娑婆主梵天 | 本组最重要的梵天,在《梵天劝请经》中请佛说法,亦多次以偈颂回应或劝请。 |
| Brahmā Baka | 婆迦梵天 | 抱持“此是常、是永恒、再无出离”恶见的梵天,佛陀亲往破斥其谬见。 |
| Aññataro brahmā (Unnamed Brahmā) | 某梵天 | 持“无沙门婆罗门可来此”邪见者,遭佛陀与四大弟子以神通及法语折服。 |
| Mahāmoggallāna | 大目犍连 | 上首弟子,于此组中现于梵天界以神通摄服某梵天。 |
| Mahākassapa | 大迦叶 | 上首弟子,于此组中现于梵天界。 |
| Anuruddha | 阿那律 | 上首弟子,于此组中现于梵天界。 |
| Brahmadeva | 梵天提婆 | 原为婆罗门,随佛出家成阿拉汉后,以乞食度化其母,本组记录了娑婆主梵天为此事的偈颂开示。 |
核心法义(白话+重点)
本组指出,即便是寿量极长、享有大威德的梵天,仍旧被困于无明与生灭之中。佛陀所证悟、教导的“法”,才是彻底解脱之所在,没有任何存在是常恒不灭的。
例如,在 《巴咖梵天经》中,佛陀严厉驳斥婆迦梵天的“永恒”论,直言他“落入无明”,并用佛智点出他的过往因缘与寿量:“婆伽啊,此寿短非长,你所思长寿者;百千尼罗浮陀之寿,梵天,我知你之寿。”
→ 拆开看:婆迦梵天将极其漫长但仍会终结的寿命视为永恒,佛陀直接说出他过去世曾作的善行,证明他仍在因果与时限范围内,破除了其“常、恒、永”的幻觉。
→ 要旨:任何形式的“存在”都是缘生之法,有生必有灭,唯有涅槃是超越有、无、常、断的究极安稳处。
关键术语锚
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 为何易错 |
|---|
| **Brahmā** | 梵天 | 极易被神化为“创世主”。在此语境下,梵天是禅修功德所生的高级天人,非永恒创造者,寿命虽极长,仍在轮回中。 |
| **Loka** | 世间/界 | 在此组中,既是“梵天界”,也暗含“一切有为之界域”。误解为“永恒的终极天堂”即成为婆迦梵天的邪见。 |
| **Nibbāna** | 涅槃 | 本组反复出现的究竟目标,特征为“不生、不老、不灭”。它不是“断灭空无”,而是“一切行的止息”所抵达的寂静,用于与梵天“不死”的谬见做对比。 |
| **Diṭṭhi** | 见/邪见 | 婆迦梵天或其他梵天所执取的错误见解,特征是认“无常为常”、“有上为无上”。是产生“我慢”和“此是究竟”错觉的根源。 |
| **Attha** | 义/意义/目的 | 此组中特指“利益”或“了知法的意义”。如梵天请佛陀说法时,意指“诸有情将成为‘了知法义者’”。切忌泛泛理解为普通的意思。 |
代表经(本组重点)
1. 梵天劝请经(第一品第五经):缘起大事,佛陀默然不欲说法,娑婆主梵天三请而法轮遂转。
2. 恭敬经(第一品第六经):能自证悟、亦应恭敬于法而住,此为诸佛常法。
3. 巴咖梵天经(第一品第十经):正面破斥梵天的常见,佛陀详述其宿世,阐明无永恒界。
4. 某梵天经(第一品第十五经):佛陀率四大弟子上梵天界,以事相折服“无来者”邪见的梵天,展现僧团的风范与法力。
5. 般涅槃经(第二品第五经):圆满的终点,与此相应中梵天的有量寿命形成对比。