8. 阿那律相应
8. Anuruddhasaṃyuttaṃ
1. 独处品
1. Rahogatavaggo
1. 第一独处经
1. Paṭhamarahogatasuttaṃ
899如是我闻:一时,具寿阿那律住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿阿那律独处静修,心中生起如是思惟:“凡是错过了四念处者,便错过了导向苦尽的正确圣道;凡是着手修习四念处者,便踏上了导向苦尽的正确圣道。”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā anuruddho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmato anuruddhassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘yesaṃ kesañci cattāro satipaṭṭhānā viraddhā, viraddho tesaṃ ariyo maggo sammā dukkhakkhayagāmī. Yesaṃ kesañci cattāro satipaṭṭhānā āraddhā, āraddho tesaṃ ariyo maggo sammā dukkhakkhayagāmī’’ti.
那时,具寿大目犍连以心感知具寿阿那律心中所思,犹如力士伸出弯曲的手臂,或弯曲伸出的手臂,顷刻间现于具寿阿那律面前。随后,具寿大目犍连对具寿阿那律说:“朋友阿那律,比丘修习到何等程度,方可说已经着手修习四念处?”
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno āyasmato anuruddhassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – āyasmato anuruddhassa sammukhe pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso anuruddha, bhikkhuno cattāro satipaṭṭhānā āraddhā hontī’’ti?
“朋友,在这里,比丘于内在的身体上,持续地随观生起的现象而安住;于内在的身体上,持续地随观灭去的现象而安住;于内在的身体上,持续地随观生起和灭去的现象而安住,他保持着精进、正知、具念,已经调伏了对世间的贪欲与忧恼。于外在的身体上,持续地随观生起的现象而安住;于外在的身体上,持续地随观灭去的现象而安住;于外在的身体上,持续地随观生起和灭去的现象而安住,他保持着精进、正知、具念,已经调伏了对世间的贪欲与忧恼。于内外在的身体上,持续地随观生起的现象而安住;于内外在的身体上,持续地随观灭去的现象而安住;于内外在的身体上,持续地随观生起和灭去的现象而安住,他保持着精进、正知、具念,已经调伏了对世间的贪欲与忧恼。”
‘‘Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ajjhattaṃ kāye samudayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattaṃ kāye vayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattaṃ kāye samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Bahiddhā kāye samudayadhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye vayadhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ajjhattabahiddhā kāye samudayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā kāye vayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā kāye samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
“如果他希望:‘愿我于不可厌处,持可厌想而住’,他便于彼处,持可厌想而住;如果他希望:‘愿我于可厌处,持不可厌想而住’,他便于彼处,持不可厌想而住;如果他希望:‘愿我于不可厌与可厌处,持可厌想而住’,他便于彼处,持可厌想而住;如果他希望:‘愿我于可厌与不可厌处,持不可厌想而住’,他便于彼处,持不可厌想而住;如果他希望:‘愿我舍离不可厌与可厌二者,住于舍,具念正知’,他便于彼处,具念正知,住于舍。”
‘‘So sace ākaṅkhati – ‘appaṭikūle paṭikūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati; sace ākaṅkhati – ‘paṭikūle appaṭikūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, appaṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati; sace ākaṅkhati – ‘appaṭikūle ca paṭikūle ca paṭikūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati; sace ākaṅkhati – ‘paṭikūle ca appaṭikūle ca appaṭikūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, appaṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati; sace ākaṅkhati – ‘appaṭikūlañca paṭikūlañca tadubhayaṃ abhinivajjetvā upekkhako vihareyyaṃ sato sampajāno’ti, upekkhako tattha viharati sato sampajāno.
“他安住于内在的感受上,随观生起的现象;安住于内在的感受上,随观灭去的现象;安住于内在的感受上,随观生起与灭去的现象,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了对世间的贪欲与忧恼。他安住于外在的感受上,随观生起的现象;安住于外在的感受上,随观灭去的现象;安住于外在的感受上,随观生起与灭去的现象,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了对世间的贪欲与忧恼。他安住于内外在的感受上,随观生起的现象;安住于内外在的感受上,随观灭去的现象;安住于内外在的感受上,随观生起与灭去的现象,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了对世间的贪欲与忧恼。”
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ vedanāsu samudayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattaṃ vedanāsu vayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattaṃ vedanāsu samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ . Bahiddhā vedanāsu samudayadhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vedanāsu vayadhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vedanāsu samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ajjhattabahiddhā vedanāsu samudayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vedanāsu vayadhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vedanāsu samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
“若他期望:“我当于不厌恶的对象上,以厌恶想而住”,他便在那里以厌恶想而住;若他期望:“我当于厌恶的对象上,以不厌恶想而住”,他便在那里以不厌恶想而住;若他期望:“我当于不厌恶与厌恶的对象上,以厌恶想而住”,他便在那里以厌恶想而住;若他期望:“我当于厌恶与不厌恶的对象上,以不厌恶想而住”,他便在那里以不厌恶想而住;若他期望:“舍离不厌恶与厌恶两者后,我当安住于舍,具念、正知”,他便在那里具念、正知,安住于舍。”
‘‘So sace ākaṅkhati – ‘appaṭikūle paṭikūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati; sace ākaṅkhati – ‘paṭikūle appaṭikūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, appaṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati; sace ākaṅkhati – ‘appaṭikūle ca paṭikūle ca paṭikūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati; sace ākaṅkhati – ‘paṭikūle ca appaṭikūle ca appaṭikūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, appaṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati; sace ākaṅkhati – ‘appaṭikūlañca paṭikūlañca tadubhayaṃ abhinivajjetvā upekkhako vihareyyaṃ sato sampajāno’ti, upekkhako tattha viharati sato sampajāno.
“对于内在的心……对于外在的心……对于内在外在的心,他安住于观察其集起之法;对于内在外在的心,他安住于观察其灭去之法;对于内在外在的心,他安住于观察其集灭之法,精勤……调伏了对世间的贪忧。”
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ citte…pe… bahiddhā citte…pe… ajjhattabahiddhā citte samudayadhammānupassī viharati… ajjhattabahiddhā citte vayadhammānupassī viharati… ajjhattabahiddhā citte samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī…pe… abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
若他希望:“我应对不厌恶的对象安住于厌恶想”,便安住于厌恶想于彼处……他安住于舍于彼处,具念、正知。
‘‘So sace ākaṅkhati – ‘appaṭikūle paṭikūlasaññī vihareyya’nti , paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati…pe… upekkhako tattha viharati sato sampajāno.
“对于内在的诸法……对于外在的诸法……对于内在外在的诸法,他安住于观察其集起之法;对于内在外在的诸法,他安住于观察其灭去之法;对于内在外在的诸法,他安住于观察其集灭之法,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了对世间的贪忧。”
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ dhammesu…pe… bahiddhā dhammesu…pe… ajjhattabahiddhā dhammesu samudayadhammānupassī viharati… ajjhattabahiddhā dhammesu vayadhammānupassī viharati… ajjhattabahiddhā dhammesu samudayavayadhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
若他希望:‘我当于不可厌处修习厌恶想而住’,他便这样修习而住。……(中略)……他安住于舍,具念、正知。贤友,到这种程度,比丘的四念处便已开始修习。第一。
‘‘So sace ākaṅkhati – ‘appaṭikūle paṭikūlasaññī vihareyya’nti, paṭikūlasaññī tattha viharati…pe… upekkhako tattha viharati sato sampajāno. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno cattāro satipaṭṭhānā āraddhā hontī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
第二独处经
2. Dutiyarahogatasuttaṃ
900在舍卫城。那时,具寿阿那律独处静居,心中生起这样的思惟:‘任何人若错过了四念处,便是错过了正确导向苦灭的圣道;任何人若已着手修习四念处,便是已着手修习正确导向苦灭的圣道。’
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho āyasmato anuruddhassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘yesaṃ kesañci cattāro satipaṭṭhānā viraddhā, viraddho tesaṃ ariyo maggo sammā dukkhakkhayagāmī; yesaṃ kesañci cattāro satipaṭṭhānā āraddhā, āraddho tesaṃ ariyo maggo sammā dukkhakkhayagāmī’’ti.
时,具寿大目犍连以心了知具寿阿那律心中所念,犹如力士屈伸手臂,旋即出现在具寿阿那律面前。
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno āyasmato anuruddhassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya , pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – āyasmato anuruddhassa sammukhe pāturahosi.
接着,具寿大目犍连对具寿阿那律说:“阿那律贤友,一位比丘修到何种程度,才称得上已着手修习四念处呢?”
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso anuruddha, bhikkhuno cattāro satipaṭṭhānā āraddhā hontī’’ti?
“贤友,于此,比丘于内身随观身而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪欲与忧恼。于外身随观身而住……于内外身随观身而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪欲与忧恼。”
‘‘Idhāvuso , bhikkhu ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati…pe… ajjhattabahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
于内受,他随观受而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。于外受,他随观受而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。于内外受,他随观受而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Bahiddhā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ajjhattabahiddhā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
于内心,他随观心而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。于外心,他随观心而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。于内外心,他随观心而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ citte…pe… bahiddhā citte…pe… ajjhattabahiddhā citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
于内法,他随观法而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。于外法,他随观法而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。于内外法,他随观法而住,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。贤友,至此,比丘的四念处便已发动。第二经。
‘‘Ajjhattaṃ dhammesu…pe… bahiddhā dhammesu…pe… ajjhattabahiddhā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno cattāro satipaṭṭhānā āraddhā hontī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
3. 苏德努经
3. Sutanusuttaṃ
901一时,具寿阿那律住在舍卫城的苏德努河边。那时,众多比丘来到具寿阿那律处,彼此亲切问候。欢喜可念的交谈之后,在一旁坐下。坐在一旁的比丘们对具寿阿那律这样说:“具寿阿那律,您修习、多修习哪些法而获得大神通呢?”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā anuruddho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati sutanutīre. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yenāyasmā anuruddho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā anuruddhena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘katamesaṃ āyasmā anuruddho dhammānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā mahābhiññataṃ patto’’ti?
贤友们,我是由于修习、多修习四念处,而证得大神通的。是哪四种呢?贤友们,于此,我安住于身,随观身,精勤、正知、具念,已调伏世间之贪欲与忧恼;于感受…… 于内心…… 于诸法,安住于法,随观法,精勤、正知、具念,已调伏世间之贪欲与忧恼。贤友们,正是由于修习、多修习这四念处,我才证得大神通。而且,贤友们,也正是由于修习、多修习这四念处,我如实了知:下劣的法是下劣的,中等的法是中等的,殊胜的法是殊胜的。第三经。
‘‘Catunnaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā mahābhiññataṃ patto. Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, kāye kāyānupassī viharāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ – imesaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā mahābhiññataṃ patto. Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā hīnaṃ dhammaṃ hīnato abbhaññāsiṃ, majjhimaṃ dhammaṃ majjhimato abbhaññāsiṃ, paṇītaṃ dhammaṃ paṇītato abbhaññāsi’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.
4. 第一荆棘林经
4. Paṭhamakaṇḍakīsuttaṃ
902有一次,尊者阿那律、尊者舍利弗和尊者大目犍连住在娑鸡帝的荆棘林。那时,尊者舍利弗与尊者大目犍连在傍晚时分,从独自禅修中出定,前往尊者阿那律的住处。到了之后,与尊者阿那律彼此亲切问讯。说过了令人欢喜、值得铭记的话语后,他们退坐一面。坐定后,尊者舍利弗对尊者阿那律说:“阿那律贤友,一位有学比丘应当具足安住于哪些法呢?”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahāmoggallāno sākete viharanti kaṇḍakīvane . Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahāmoggallāno sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhitā yenāyasmā anuruddho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā anuruddhena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sekhenāvuso anuruddha, bhikkhunā katame dhammā upasampajja vihātabbā’’ti?
“舍利弗贤友,一位有学比丘应当修习安住于四念处。哪四种呢?贤友,于此,比丘于身随观身而住,精勤、正知、具念,已调伏对世间的贪欲与忧恼;于受……于心……于法随观法而住,精勤、正知、具念,已调伏对世间的贪欲与忧恼。舍利弗贤友,这便是那位有学比丘所应修习安住的四念处。” 第四经。
‘‘Sekhenāvuso sāriputta, bhikkhunā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā upasampajja vihātabbā. Katame cattāro? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu …pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ – sekhenāvuso sāriputta, bhikkhunā ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā upasampajja vihātabbā’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
5. 荆棘林经第二
5. Dutiyakaṇḍakīsuttaṃ
903起因于娑鸡帝。坐在一旁的尊者舍利弗对尊者阿那律说道:“阿那律贤友,无学的比丘应具足安住于哪些法呢?”“舍利弗贤友,无学的比丘应具足安住于四念处。哪四种呢?贤友,于此,比丘于身观身而住,炽然、正知、具念,调伏了世间的贪与忧;于受观受而住……于受观受而住……;于心观心而住……于心观心而住……;于法观法而住……于法观法而住,炽然、正知、具念,调伏了世间的贪与忧。舍利弗贤友,这便是无学的比丘应具足安住的四念处。” 第五经。
Sāketanidānaṃ. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘asekhenāvuso anuruddha, bhikkhunā katame dhammā upasampajja vihātabbā’’ti? ‘‘Asekhenāvuso sāriputta, bhikkhunā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā upasampajja vihātabbā. Katame cattāro? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ – asekhenāvuso sāriputta, bhikkhunā ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā upasampajja vihātabbā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
6. 荆棘林经第三
6. Tatiyakaṇḍakīsuttaṃ
904在娑鸡帝。具寿舍利弗在一旁坐下后,对具寿阿那律说:“具寿阿那律是由于修习、多修习哪些法,而证得大神通呢?”“贤友,我正是由于修习、多修习四念处,而证得大神通。哪四种呢?贤友,在此,我安住于对身随观身,炽然、正知、具念,调伏了世间的贪忧;对受……对心……我安住于对法随观法,炽然、正知、具念,调伏了世间的贪忧。贤友,正是由于修习、多修习这四念处,我才证得大神通。贤友,正是由于修习、多修习这四念处,我得以了知千世界。”第六经。
Sāketanidānaṃ. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katamesaṃ āyasmā anuruddho dhammānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā mahābhiññataṃ patto’’ti? ‘‘Catunnaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā mahābhiññataṃ patto . Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, kāye kāyānupassī viharāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ – imesaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā mahābhiññataṃ patto. Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā sahassaṃ lokaṃ abhijānāmī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
7. 渴爱灭尽经
7. Taṇhakkhayasuttaṃ
905在舍卫城。那时,具寿阿那律对比丘们说:“贤友们,比丘们!”“贤友!”那些比丘回答具寿阿那律。具寿阿那律说道:
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Tatra kho āyasmā anuruddho bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato anuruddhassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā anuruddho etadavoca –
具寿,修习、多修习这四念处,能导向渴爱的灭尽。哪四种呢?具寿,于此,比丘于身随观身而住……于受……于心……于法随观法而住,炽然、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。具寿,修习、多修习此四念处,便能导向渴爱的灭尽。第七经。
‘‘Cattārome , āvuso, satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā taṇhakkhayāya saṃvattanti. Katame cattāro? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati…pe… vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ – ime kho, āvuso, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā taṇhakkhayāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
第八 沙喇草堂经
8. Salaḷāgārasuttaṃ
906一时,具寿阿那律住在舍卫城的沙喇草堂。那时,具寿阿那律召唤诸比丘……(中略)……这样说:“诸具寿,就好像恒河向东流、向东倾、向东斜。这时有一大群人,带着锄头和篮子前来,说:‘我们要让这条恒河变成向西流、向西倾、向西斜。’诸具寿,你们觉得如何?那群人能让恒河向西流、向西倾、向西斜吗?”“不能,具寿。”“为什么呢?”“诸具寿,恒河原本向东流、向东倾、向东斜,想让它转向西流、西倾、西斜,绝非易事。那群人只会自受疲劳,徒增困扰罢了。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā anuruddho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati salaḷāgāre. Tatra kho āyasmā anuruddho bhikkhū āmantesi…pe… etadavoca – ‘‘seyyathāpi, āvuso, gaṅgā nadī pācīnaninnā pācīnapoṇā pācīnapabbhārā. Atha mahājanakāyo āgaccheyya kuddālapiṭakaṃ ādāya – ‘mayaṃ imaṃ gaṅgānadiṃ pacchāninnaṃ karissāma pacchāpoṇaṃ pacchāpabbhāra’nti. Taṃ kiṃ maññathāvuso, api nu so mahājanakāyo gaṅgānadiṃ pacchāninnaṃ kareyya pacchāpoṇaṃ pacchāpabbhāra’’nti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, āvuso’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Gaṅgā, āvuso, nadī pācīnaninnā pācīnapoṇā pācīnapabbhārā. Sā na sukarā pacchāninnaṃ kātuṃ pacchāpoṇaṃ pacchāpabbhāraṃ. Yāvadeva ca pana so mahājanakāyo kilamathassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti.
“具寿,同样地,当比丘修习四念处、多修习四念处时,若有国王、重臣、朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲以财物来相劝,说:‘来啊,善男子,你为何让这袈裟折磨自己?为何剃了头、持着钵四处游走?来吧,还俗吧,享用财物,也做福德吧。’”
‘‘Evameva kho, āvuso, bhikkhuṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bhāventaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bahulīkarontaṃ rājāno vā rājamahāmattā vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātī vā sālohitā vā bhogehi abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreyyuṃ – ‘ehambho purisa, kiṃ te ime kāsāvā anudahanti? Kiṃ muṇḍo kapālamanusañcarasi? Ehi hīnāyāvattitvā bhoge ca bhuñjassu puññāni ca karohī’’’ti.
具寿,比丘在修习四念处、多修习四念处的过程中,会舍弃学处而还俗——这是不可能的。那是什么原因?具寿,因为那心长久以来向于远离、趋于远离、倾于远离,这样的心还归低俗——这是不可能的。具寿,比丘如何修习四念处、如何多修习四念处?具寿,于此,比丘于身随观身而住……于受……于心……于法随观法而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪著与忧恼。具寿,比丘便是这样修习四念处、这样多修习四念处。」第八经。
‘‘So vata, āvuso, bhikkhu cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bhāvento cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bahulīkaronto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissatīti – netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yañhi taṃ, āvuso, cittaṃ dīgharattaṃ vivekaninnaṃ vivekapoṇaṃ vivekapabbhāraṃ taṃ vata hīnāyāvattissatīti – netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Kathañcāvuso, bhikkhu cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bhāveti, cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bahulīkarotīti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati…pe… vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhikkhu cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bhāveti, cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bahulīkarotī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9. 庵婆婆利林经
9. Ambapālivanasuttaṃ
907一时,尊者阿那律与尊者舍利弗住在毗舍离的庵婆婆利林。那时,尊者舍利弗于傍晚时分从禅坐中起身……在一旁坐下后,对尊者阿那律说:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca sāriputto vesāliyaṃ viharanti ambapālivane. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca –
“阿那律贤友,您的诸根十分清净,面色纯净明亮。尊者您常以何种禅住多所安住呢?”“贤友,如今我常以心善安立于四念处而住。哪四种呢?贤友,在此,我于身随观身而住,炽然、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧;于受……于心……于法随观法而住,炽然、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪与忧。贤友,如今我便是这样常以心善安立于这四念处而住。贤友,凡是阿罗汉、漏尽者、所作已办、已卸重担、已证己利、有结已尽、正智解脱的比丘,他同样常以心善安立于这四念处而住。”
‘‘Vippasannāni kho te, āvuso anuruddha, indriyāni, parisuddho mukhavaṇṇo pariyodāto. Katamenāyasmā anuruddho vihārena etarahi bahulaṃ viharatī’’ti? ‘‘Catūsu khvāhaṃ, āvuso, satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacitto etarahi bahulaṃ viharāmi. Katamesu catūsu? Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, kāye kāyānupassī viharāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ; vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ – imesu khvāhaṃ, āvuso, catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacitto etarahi bahulaṃ viharāmi. Yo so, āvuso, bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto, so imesu catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacitto bahulaṃ viharatī’’ti.
“贤友,我们实在获益良多!贤友,我们实在大有所得!能于尊者阿那律面前,亲耳听闻他宣说这般牛王雄音。”第九经。
‘‘Lābhā vata no, āvuso, suladdhaṃ vata no, āvuso! Ye mayaṃ āyasmato anuruddhassa sammukhāva assumha āsabhiṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānassā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
极重病经
10. Bāḷhagilānasuttaṃ
908一时,具寿阿那律住在舍卫城的安陀林,身患疾病,苦痛难忍,病情沉重。那时,众多比丘来到具寿阿那律处,到已,对具寿阿那律这样说:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā anuruddho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati andhavanasmiṃ ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yenāyasmā anuruddho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavocuṃ –
“具寿阿那律依何住而住时,生起的身苦受不侵扰其心?”“贤友们,我心善安住于四念处而住时,所生起的身苦受便不侵扰我心。哪四种呢?贤友们,于此,我于身随观身而住,于受随观受而住,于心随观心而住,于法随观法而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧。贤友们,我心善安住于此四念处而住时,所生起的身苦受便不侵扰我心。”
第十经。
‘‘Katamenāyasmato anuruddhassa vihārena viharato uppannā sārīrikā dukkhā vedanā cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhantī’’ti? ‘‘Catūsu kho me, āvuso, satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittassa viharato uppannā sārīrikā dukkhā vedanā cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti. Katamesu catūsu? Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, kāye kāyānupassī viharāmi…pe… vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ – imesu kho me, āvuso, catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittassa viharato uppannā sārīrikā dukkhā vedanā cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhantī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
独处品第一
Rahogatavaggo paṭhamo.
独处二经已说,苏答奴、刺三经;
渴爱尽经、沙喇经、庵婆婆利经与病经
Rahogatena dve vuttā, sutanu kaṇḍakī tayo; Taṇhakkhayasalaḷāgāraṃ, ambapāli ca gilānanti.
千劫经
1. Kappasahassasuttaṃ
909一时,具寿阿那律住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,众多比丘到具寿阿那律处,与他互相问候,在一旁坐下。坐下后,他们对具寿阿那律这样说:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā anuruddho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yenāyasmā anuruddho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā anuruddhena saddhiṃ…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavocuṃ –
“具寿阿那律是由于修习、多修习哪些法,才证得大神通的呢?”
“朋友们,我是由于修习、多修习四念处,才证得大神通的。是哪四种呢?朋友们,在此,我安住于身随观身,安住于受随观受,安住于心随观心,安住于法随观法,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪欲与忧恼。朋友们,正是由于修习、多修习这四念处,我证得了大神通。而且,朋友们,正是由于修习、多修习这四念处,我能忆念一千劫。”
第一经。
‘‘Katamesaṃ āyasmā anuruddho dhammānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā mahābhiññataṃ patto’’ti? ‘‘Catunnaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā mahābhiññataṃ patto. Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ? Idhāhaṃ, āvuso, kāye kāyānupassī viharāmi…pe… vedanāsu…pe… citte…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ – imesaṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā mahābhiññataṃ patto. Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā kappasahassaṃ anussarāmī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
神变经
2. Iddhividhasuttaṃ
910诸友,正是由于修习、多修习此四念处,我亲证种种神变:以一身化为多身……乃至以身体自在行于梵天界。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhomi – ekopi hutvā bahudhā homi…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattemī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
天耳经
3. Dibbasotasuttaṃ
911诸友,同样因为修习、多修习此四念处,我以清净、超越凡常的天耳界,听闻两类声音——天与人,无论远近。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāmi dibbe ca mānuse ca ye dūre santike cā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
4. 他心智经
4. Cetopariyasuttaṃ
912诸友,由于我修习、多修习此四念处,故能以心遍知他众生、他人之心:有贪之心,了知为‘有贪之心’;……乃至未解脱之心,了知为‘未解脱之心’。」第四。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘sarāgaṃ citta’nti pajānāmi…pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘avimuttaṃ citta’nti pajānāmī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
5. 处经
5. Ṭhānasuttaṃ
913诸友,又因我修习、多修习此四念处,我如实了知处即是处、非处即是非处。第五。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā ṭhānañca ṭhānato aṭṭhānañca aṭṭhānato yathābhūtaṃ pajānāmī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
业受持经
6. Kammasamādānasuttaṃ
914诸友,又因我修习、多修习此四念处,于过去、未来、现在所造作之业,我如实了知其果报的处所与原因。第六。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā atītānāgatapaccuppannānaṃ kammasamādānānaṃ ṭhānaso hetuso vipākaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāmī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
一切处行经
7. Sabbatthagāminisuttaṃ
915诸友,又因我修习、多修习此四念处,我如实了知导向一切处之道。第七。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā sabbatthagāminippaṭipadaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāmī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
种种界经
8. Nānādhātusuttaṃ
916诸友,也因为我修习、多修习这四念处,我如实了知这界别众多、种种差别的世间。第八。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā anekadhātunānādhātulokaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāmī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
种种意乐经
9. Nānādhimuttisuttaṃ
917诸友,也因为我修习、多修习这四念处,我如实了知有情种种的意乐差别。第九。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikataṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāmī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
10. 根胜劣经
10. Indriyaparopariyattasuttaṃ
918诸友,我因修习、多修习这四念处,得以如实了知其他有情、其他补特伽罗的根之胜劣。第十。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ indriyaparopariyattaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāmī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
11. 禅那等经
11. Jhānādisuttaṃ
919诸友,又因我于此四念处修习、多修习,便如实了知禅那、解脱、定、等至的杂染、清净与出起。第十一。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā jhānavimokkhasamādhisamāpattīnaṃ saṃkilesaṃ vodānaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāmī’’ti. Ekādasamaṃ.
12. 宿住经
12. Pubbenivāsasuttaṃ
920诸友,又因我于此四念处修习、多修习,便能忆念种种过去生,即:一生、二生……乃至……如此我忆念具足行相与处所的种种宿住。第十二。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmī’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.
13. 天眼经
13. Dibbacakkhusuttaṃ
921诸友,我因修习、多修习这四念处,以清净、超越常人的天眼,看见有情的死亡与往生……如是,以清净、超越常人的天眼,了知有情随业流转。第十三。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne…pe… iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena yathākammūpage satte pajānāmī’’ti. Terasamaṃ.
14. 漏尽经
14. Āsavakkhayasuttaṃ
922诸友,我因修习、多修习此四念处,由诸漏尽故,于现法中,以证智自作证,具足安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。第十四。
‘‘Imesañca panāhaṃ, āvuso, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭhe dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmī’’ti. Cuddasamaṃ.
大神通、神变、天,他心、处、业;
一切处、界、意乐,根、禅那及三明。
Mahābhiññaṃ iddhi dibbaṃ, cetopariyaṃ ṭhānaṃ kammaṃ; Sabbatthadhātudhimutti, indriyaṃ jhānaṃ tisso vijjāti.
阿那律相应第八
Anuruddhasaṃyuttaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
这组在讲什么
这组经典围绕“天眼第一”的具寿阿那律展开,核心主题是“四念处”的修习。前半部分(独处品)记录了阿那律与目犍连、舍利弗等大弟子的法谈,开示四念处修法如何导向有学、无学乃至渴爱的灭尽。后半部分(第二品)则详尽阐述,正是通过多修习四念处,阿那律才获得了忆念千劫、天眼通、他心智、漏尽通等大神通。
出场人物 / 对告众
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Anuruddha | 阿那律 | 本组核心说法者,“天眼第一”圣弟子,主修四念处,展现大神通。 |
| Sāriputta | 舍利弗 | 主要对告者之一,与阿那律问答,区分有学与无学的修习所依。 |
| Mahāmoggallāna | 大目犍连 | 主要对告者之一,以他心智探知阿那律的禅思,引出四念处教法。 |
| Sambahulā bhikkhū | 众多比丘 | 集会的听众与请法者,代表僧团大众请求开示神通与教法。 |
核心法义(白话+重点)
这一组的中心教法是:四念处是一切修行与神通妙用的总基石。无论是凡夫到有学,还是无学(阿拉汉)的安住,乃至引发种种神通智,核心方法就是于身、受、心、法精勤修习四念处。一旦心通过四念处而长夜倾向远离,就再也不会被世俗的财富与诱惑拉回还俗。
代表经中,阿那律一开始就在独坐时确认了一个决定性洞见:
→ 拆开看:四念处不是通往解脱之路上的一个可选支流,它就是那条圣道本身;圆满修习四念处,就是圆满地走向苦的尽头。
→ 要旨:安住于四念处,即是安住于圣道,其心必得解脱。
关键术语锚
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 一句为何易错 |
|---|
| `cattāro satipaṭṭhānā` | 四念处 | 易被简化为“观察四类对象”,但其核心是`随观`(anupassanā),是持续、热诚、正知的动态安住。 |
| `ariyo maggo` | 圣道 | 这里指八正道整体,而非单一的道支,强调四念处修习等同于整个通往苦灭的圣道实践。 |
| `mahābhiññatā` | 大神通 | 不单指飞天遁地,更指如宿住念(忆念千劫)、天眼(见众生生死)、漏尽等卓越证智,在本组中成为四念处成果的明证。 |
| `sikkhā samādāna` | 修习/多修习 | 经文强调`bahulīkata`(多修习)是成就的关键,指反复、持续、熟练的培养,而非一次性的认知。 |
| `anāsava` | 无学/漏尽者 | 指烦恼(漏)已尽的阿拉汉,本组点出无学者并非什么都不住,而是“多以心善安立于四念处而住”的自然结果。 |
代表经(本组重点)
1. 《第一独处经》 (Paṭhamaṃ Rahogatavaggo):阿那律独坐时的核心洞见,引出目犍连关于“如何修习四念处”的深问。本经是理解整组教法总纲的入口。
2. 《苏德努经》 (Sutanu Sutta):阿那律明确回答,他修习四念处不仅获得了大神通,还能如实了知法的下劣、中等与殊胜,揭示了智慧分辨力是神通的基础。
3. 《庵婆巴离林经》 (Ambapālivana Sutta):舍利弗见阿那律诸根清净,颜色纯净明亮,询问安住法。阿那律答:无学阿拉汉也是以四念处为安住的“牛王般的言语”,突显此法门的终极性。
4. 《劫千经》 (Kappasahassa Sutta):展示四念处修习的成果——宿住随念智能忆念长达一千劫。
5. 《天眼经》 (Dibbacakkhu Sutta):展示以四念处为地基,能成就天眼神通,见到众生随业流转的情景,此即阿那律的代表性证智。