13. 禅那相应
13. Jhānasaṃyuttaṃ
1. 定为根本等至经
1. Samādhimūlakasamāpattisuttaṃ
662舍卫城缘起。“诸比丘,有此四种修定者。哪四种?诸比丘,此处有一类修定者,于定有定善巧,却非等至善巧者。诸比丘,此处又有一类修定者,于等至有善巧,却非定善巧者。诸比丘,此处又有一类修定者,既无定善巧,也无等至善巧。诸比丘,此处又有一类修定者,既有定善巧,也有等至善巧。诸比丘,在此四类修定者中,那位既有定善巧也有等至善巧的修定者,是为最上、最胜、最高、最优、最尊。诸比丘,犹如从牛得乳,从乳得酪,从酪得生酥,从生酥得熟酥,从熟酥得酥油,酥油于中称为第一;正如是,诸比丘,那位既有定善巧也有等至善巧的修定者,在这四类修定者中,是为最上、最胜、最高、最优、最尊。”第十九经(入定根本)。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha , bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ, khīramhā dadhi, dadhimhā navanītaṃ, navanītamhā sappi, sappimhā sappimaṇḍo tatra aggamakkhāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
2. 定为根本住经
2. Samādhimūlakaṭhitisuttaṃ
663舍卫城因缘。世尊告诸比丘:“诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种?诸比丘,有一种禅修者善巧于入定,而不善巧于住定。诸比丘,有一种禅修者善巧于住定,而不善巧于入定。诸比丘,有一种禅修者既不善巧于入定,也不善巧于住定。诸比丘,有一种禅修者既善巧于入定,也善巧于住定。诸比丘,其中,那位既善巧于入定又善巧于住定的禅修者,在这四种禅修者中最为上、最为胜、最为高、最为优、最为尊。”第二十经。(应如前面以定为根本的诸经,一直填充至第二十七经,即住定为根本的适当行道者经,共八部经。住定为根本。)
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti , samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ, khīramhā dadhi, dadhimhā navanītaṃ, navanītamhā sappi, sappimhā sappimaṇḍo tatra aggamakkhāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
第三 定为根本·出定经
3. Samādhimūlakavuṭṭhānasuttaṃ
664舍卫城因缘。世尊告诸比丘:“诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种?诸比丘,有一种禅修者善巧于入定,而不善巧于出定。诸比丘,有一种禅修者善巧于出定,而不善巧于入定。诸比丘,有一种禅修者既不善巧于入定,也不善巧于出定。诸比丘,有一种禅修者既善巧于入定,也善巧于出定。诸比丘,其中,那位既善巧于入定又善巧于出定的禅修者,在这四种禅修者中最为上、最为胜、最为高、最为优、最为尊。诸比丘,譬如从牛有乳,……乃至……最为尊。”第三经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
4. 定根本适业经
4. Samādhimūlakakallitasuttaṃ
665舍卫城因缘。
“诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种?
比丘们,有一类禅修者,于定善巧得定,却不善巧令心适业。
比丘们,又有一类禅修者,于定善巧令心适业,却不善巧得定。
比丘们,再有一类禅修者,既不善巧得定,也不善巧令心适业。
比丘们,更有一类禅修者,既善巧得定,也善巧令心适业。
比丘们,在此四者之中,既善巧得定、又善巧令心适业的那位禅修者,便是这四种禅修者中的最上者、最胜者、最高者、最优者、最尊者。
比丘们,譬如从牛有乳……乃至……此为最尊。”
第四。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
5. 定根本所缘经
5. Samādhimūlakaārammaṇasuttaṃ
666舍卫城因缘。‘诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,有一类禅修者于定善巧,而于定之所缘不善巧。诸比丘,又有一类禅修者于定之所缘善巧,而于定不善巧。诸比丘,又有一类禅修者既于定不善巧,亦于定之所缘不善巧。诸比丘,又有一类禅修者既于定善巧,亦于定之所缘善巧。诸比丘,其中,凡是既于定善巧,亦于定之所缘善巧的禅修者,在这四种禅修者中,是为最上、最胜、最高、最优、最尊。诸比丘,譬如从牛有乳……乃至……最尊。’第五。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
6. 定为根本行境经
6. Samādhimūlakagocarasuttaṃ
667舍卫城因缘。‘诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,有一类禅修者于定善巧,而于定之行境不善巧。诸比丘,又有一类禅修者于定之行境善巧,而于定不善巧。诸比丘,又有一类禅修者既于定不善巧,亦于定之行境不善巧。诸比丘,又有一类禅修者既于定善巧,亦于定之行境善巧。诸比丘,其中,凡是既于定善巧,亦于定之行境善巧的禅修者,在这四种禅修者中,是为最上、最胜、最高、最优、最尊。诸比丘,譬如从牛有乳……乃至……最尊。’第六。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
定为根本决意经
7. Samādhimūlakaabhinīhārasuttaṃ
668舍卫城因缘。“比丘们,有四种禅修者。哪四种?比丘们,有一种禅修者,于定中善巧于定,却不善巧于决意。比丘们,又有一种禅修者,于定中善巧于决意,却不善巧于定。比丘们,又有一种禅修者,于定中既不善巧于定,也不善巧于决意。比丘们,又有一种禅修者,于定中善巧于定,亦善巧于决意。比丘们,这四种禅修者中,凡是于定中善巧于定,且善巧于决意者,是其中最上、最胜、最高、最优、最尊的。比丘们,譬如牛出乳……乃至……最尊。” 第七。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo . Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
定为根本恭敬行经
8. Samādhimūlakasakkaccakārīsuttaṃ
669舍卫城因缘。「诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种?在此,比丘们,有一种禅修者于定善巧,却非恭敬修习者。又有一种禅修者于定恭敬修习,却非善巧者。又有一种禅修者于定既非善巧,亦非恭敬修习者。又有一种禅修者于定既是善巧,亦是恭敬修习者。诸比丘,其中,那位于定既是善巧又是恭敬修习的禅修者,在这四种禅修者中,是最上、最胜、最高、最优、最尊的。诸比丘,犹如从牛出乳……乃至……是最尊的。」第八。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9. 定为根本常作经
9. Samādhimūlakasātaccakārīsuttaṃ
670舍卫城因缘。「诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,有一类禅修者,于定善巧,却不于定恒常精勤。诸比丘,又有一类禅修者,于定恒常精勤,却不于定善巧。诸比丘,再有一类禅修者,既非于定善巧,亦不于定恒常精勤。诸比丘,又有一类禅修者,既于定善巧,又于定恒常精勤。诸比丘,其中,那位既于定善巧、又于定恒常精勤的禅修者,在这四种禅修者中,是最上、最胜、最为解脱、最高、最妙者。诸比丘,犹如从牛出乳……乃至……最妙者。」第九经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo. Idha pana , bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
定根本适作者经
10. Samādhimūlakasappāyakārīsuttaṃ
671舍卫城因缘。「诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种呢?诸比丘,在此,有一种禅修者:于定有定之善巧,却不在定上作助益事。然而,诸比丘,有一种禅修者:在定上作助益事,却不于定有定之善巧。然而,诸比丘,有一种禅修者:既非于定有定之善巧,亦非于定作助益事。然而,诸比丘,有一种禅修者:既于定有定之善巧,也在定上作助益事。诸比丘,这当中,那位既于定有定之善巧、又在定上作助益事的禅修者,便是这四种禅修者中的最上者、最胜者、最解脱者、最高者、最妙者。诸比丘,犹如从牛出乳……乃至……最妙者。」第十经。(定根本品.)
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Dasamaṃ. (Samādhimūlakaṃ.)
等至根本住经
11. Samāpattimūlakaṭhitisuttaṃ
672于舍卫城。
“诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种?诸比丘,有一种禅修者于定中善巧于等至,却不善巧于安住。又有一种禅修者于定中善巧于安住,却不善巧于等至。另有一种禅修者,于定中既不善巧于等至,也不善巧于安住。还有另一种禅修者,于定中既善巧于等至,亦善巧于安住。诸比丘,此四种禅修者中,那位于定中善巧于等至、亦善巧于安住者,便是这四种禅修者中最上、最胜、最解脱、最高、最妙者。诸比丘,犹如从牛出乳……乃至……最为殊胜。” 第十一经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Ekādasamaṃ.
12. 等至根本出定经
12. Samāpattimūlakavuṭṭhānasuttaṃ
673于舍卫城。
“诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种?诸比丘,有一种禅修者于定中善巧于等至,却不善巧于出定。又有一种禅修者于定中善巧于出定,却不善巧于等至。另有一种禅修者,于定中既不善巧于等至,也不善巧于出定。还有另一种禅修者,于定中既善巧于等至,亦善巧于出定。诸比丘,此中,那位于定中善巧于等至、亦善巧于出定者……乃至……最为殊胜。” 第十二经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī …pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.
13. 等至为根本之适合作意经
13. Samāpattimūlakakallitasuttaṃ
674舍卫城缘起。“比丘们,有这四种禅修者。是哪四种呢?比丘们,于此,有一种禅修者于定中善巧于等至,却不善巧于定的适合作意。比丘们,另有一种禅修者于定中善巧于适合作意,却不善巧于等至。比丘们,再有一种禅修者,既不于定中善巧于等至,也不于定中善巧于适合作意。比丘们,更有一种禅修者,于定中既善巧于等至,也善巧于适合作意。比丘们,在这四种禅修者中,既善巧于等至又善巧于适合作意的那位,是其中最妙、最卓越者。”第十三经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo ca. Tatra…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Terasamaṃ.
14. 等至为根本之所缘经
14. Samāpattimūlakaārammaṇasuttaṃ
675在舍卫城。“比丘们,有四种禅修者。是哪四种?比丘们,有一种禅修者,于定中善巧等至,而不善巧所缘。又,比丘们,有一种禅修者,于定中善巧所缘,而不善巧等至。又,比丘们,有一种禅修者,于定中既不善巧等至,也不善巧所缘。又,比丘们,有一种禅修者,于定中既善巧等至,也善巧所缘。这些中……乃至……最为殊胜。” 第十四经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo ca. Tatra…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Cuddasamaṃ.
15. 等至根本行境经
15. Samāpattimūlakagocarasuttaṃ
676在舍卫城。“比丘们,有四种禅修者。是哪四种?比丘们,有一种禅修者,于定中善巧等至,而不善巧行境。又,比丘们,有一种禅修者,于定中善巧行境,而不善巧等至。又,比丘们,有一种禅修者,于定中既不善巧等至,也不善巧行境。又,比丘们,有一种禅修者,于定中既善巧等至,也善巧行境。这些中……乃至……最为殊胜。” 第十五经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo ca. Tatra…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Pannarasamaṃ.
等至根本决意经
16. Samāpattimūlakaabhinīhārasuttaṃ
677舍卫城缘起。“诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种呢?诸比丘,于此,有一类禅修者于定中善巧等至,却不善巧决意。诸比丘,于此,又有一类禅修者于定中善巧决意,却不善巧等至。诸比丘,于此,又有一类禅修者既不善于等至,也不善于决意。诸比丘,于此,又有一类禅修者于定中既善巧等至,也善巧决意。此中……乃至……最胜者。”第十六经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo ca. Tatra…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Soḷasamaṃ.
等至根本恭敬经
17. Samāpattimūlakasakkaccasuttaṃ
678舍卫城因缘。「诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种呢?这里,有禅修者于定中善巧等至,却不于定中恭敬而行。又有禅修者于定中恭敬而行,却不于定中善巧等至。又有禅修者既于定中不善巧等至,也不于定中恭敬而行。又有禅修者既于定中善巧等至,也于定中恭敬而行。这四种禅修者中,那位既善巧等至又恭敬而行者,是最上、最胜、最妙、最尊、最殊胜的。」第十七经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī ca. Tatra…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Sattarasamaṃ.
第十八经 等至为根本常经
18. Samāpattimūlakasātaccasuttaṃ
679舍卫城因缘。「诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种呢?诸比丘,此处有一类禅修者,于定中善巧等至,却非于定中恒常加行。诸比丘,另有一类禅修者,于定中恒常加行,却非于定中善巧等至。诸比丘,又有一类禅修者,既非于定中善巧等至,亦非于定中恒常加行。诸比丘,再有一类禅修者,既于定中善巧等至,亦于定中恒常加行。诸比丘,其中,若有禅修者既于定中善巧等至,又于定中恒常加行,则他在此四种禅修者中,是最上、最胜、最妙、至上、最殊胜者。」第十八经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī ca. Tatra…pe… pavaro cā’’ti. Aṭṭhārasamaṃ.
等至为根本行适宜事经
19. Samāpattimūlakasappāyakārīsuttaṃ
680舍卫城因缘。“诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种呢?比丘们,在此,有一种禅修者于定中善巧入等至,却不于定中行适宜事。比丘们,又有一种禅修者于定中行适宜事,却不于定中善巧入等至。比丘们,又有一种禅修者既不于定中善巧入等至,也不于定中行适宜事。比丘们,又有一种禅修者既于定中善巧入等至,也于定中行适宜事。比丘们,于此四种中,凡是那位于定中善巧入等至,也于定中行适宜事的禅修者,便是这四种禅修者中最上、最胜、最妙、至上、最殊胜者。比丘们,譬如从牛出乳,从乳出酪,从酪出生酥,从生酥出熟酥,从熟酥出醍醐,于此之中,醍醐堪称最上;同样地,比丘们,凡是那位于定中善巧入等至,也于定中行适宜事的禅修者,便是这四种禅修者中最上、最胜、最妙、至上、最殊胜者。”第十九经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha , bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ, khīramhā dadhi, dadhimhā navanītaṃ, navanītamhā sappi, sappimhā sappimaṇḍo tatra aggamakkhāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ samāpattikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Ekūnavīsatimaṃ. (Samāpattimūlakaṃ.)
住为根本、出等八经
20-27. Ṭhitimūlakavuṭṭhānasuttādiaṭṭhakaṃ
681-688舍卫城因缘。诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种呢?诸比丘,此处,有一种禅修者,于定中善巧于住,非善巧于出定。诸比丘,此处,又有一种禅修者,于定中善巧于出定,非善巧于住。诸比丘,此处,又有一种禅修者,既非善巧于住,亦非善巧于出定。诸比丘,此处,又有一种禅修者,于定中善巧于住,且善巧于出定。诸比丘,此中,凡彼禅修者于定中善巧于住且善巧于出定者,于此四种禅修者中,即为上首、最胜、最殊妙者。第二十经。(如根本经所说,以住为根本之适宜事等八经,即第二十一至第二十七经,应如是广说。住为根本。)
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave , ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ ṭhitikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī…pe… uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Vīsatimaṃ. (Purimamūlakāni viya yāva sattavīsatimā ṭhitimūlakasappāyakārīsuttā aṭṭha suttāni pūretabbāni. Ṭhitimūlakaṃ .)
28-34. 以出定为根本之适宜事等七经
28-34. Vuṭṭhānamūlakakallitasuttādisattakaṃ
689-695舍卫城因缘。诸比丘,有四种禅修者。哪四种呢?诸比丘,此处,有一种禅修者,于定中善巧于出定,非善巧于适合作业。诸比丘,此处,又有一种禅修者,于定中善巧于适合作业,非善巧于出定。诸比丘,此处,又有一种禅修者,既非善巧于出定,亦非善巧于适合作业。诸比丘,此处,又有一种禅修者,于定中善巧于出定,且善巧于适合作业。诸比丘,此中,凡彼禅修者于定中善巧于出定且善巧于适合作业者,于此四种禅修者中,即为上首、最胜、最殊妙者。第二十八经。(如根本经所说,以出定为根本之适宜事等七经,即第二十九至第三十四经,应如是广说。出定为根本。)
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo… samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo… neva samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo… samādhismiṃ vuṭṭhānakusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī…pe… uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Aṭṭhavīsatimaṃ. (Purimamūlakāni viya yāva catuttiṃsatimā vuṭṭhānamūlakasappāyakārīsuttā satta suttāni pūretabbāni. Vuṭṭhānamūlakaṃ.)
35-40. 以适合为根本之所缘经等六则
35-40. Kallitamūlakaārammaṇasuttādichakkaṃ
696-701舍卫城因缘……“于定善巧于适合,而不善巧于所缘;于定善巧于所缘,而不善巧于适合;于定既不善巧于适合,也不善巧于所缘;于定既善巧于适合,也善巧于所缘。诸比丘,其中,凡此禅修者……为最上、最殊胜。”第三十五经。(正如根本经所说,直至第四十经,以适合为根本的适宜所行等六部经应当照此补足。适合为根本。)
Sāvatthinidānaṃ … ‘‘samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo… samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo… neva samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo… samādhismiṃ kallitakusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī…pe… uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Pañcatiṃsatimaṃ. (Purimamūlakāni viya yāva cattālīsamā kallitamūlakasappāyakārīsuttā cha suttāni pūretabbāni. Kallitamūlakaṃ.)
41-45. 以所缘为根本之行境经等五则
41-45. Ārammaṇamūlakagocarasuttādipañcakaṃ
702-706舍卫城因缘。“有一类人于定中善巧于所缘,却非善巧于行境;有一类人于定中善巧于行境,却非善巧于所缘;有一类人既不于定中善巧于所缘,也不于定中善巧于行境;有一类人既于定中善巧于所缘,也于定中善巧于行境。诸比丘,在这四种禅修者当中,凡是于定中善巧于所缘,亦善巧于行境者,即是此中最为上首、最为殊胜。如根本经所述,以所缘为根本之行适宜事等,从第四十一经至第四十五经,五经应补足。此为所缘根本。”第四十一经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ … ‘‘samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo… samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo… neva samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo… samādhismiṃ ārammaṇakusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī…pe… uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Ekacattālīsamaṃ. (Purimamūlakāni viya yāva pañcacattālīsamā ārammaṇamūlakasappāyakārīsuttā pañca suttāni pūretabbāni. Ārammaṇamūlakaṃ .)
46-49. 行境为根本之导向经等四则
46-49. Gocaramūlakaabhinīhārasuttādicatukkaṃ
707舍卫城因缘。“有一类人于定中善巧于行境,却非善巧于导向;有一类人于定中善巧于导向,却非善巧于行境;有一类人既不于定中善巧于行境,也不于定中善巧于导向;有一类人既于定中善巧于行境,也于定中善巧于导向。诸比丘,譬如从牛出乳,从乳出酪,从酪出生酥,从生酥出熟酥,从熟酥出醍醐,其中以醍醐为最上。同样地,诸比丘,凡是于定中善巧于行境,亦善巧于导向的禅修者,在这四种禅修者当中,即是最为上首、最为殊胜。”第四十六经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ… ‘‘samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo… samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo hoti , na samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo… neva samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo… samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo ca… seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ, khīramhā dadhi, dadhimhā navanītaṃ, navanītamhā sappi, sappimhā sappimaṇḍo tatra aggamakkhāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo ca hoti samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ…pe… uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Chacattālīsamaṃ.
708于定善巧行境,却不于定恭敬行……应广分别。此为第四十七。
Samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī…pe…. Vitthāretabbaṃ. Sattacattālīsamaṃ.
709于定善巧行境,却不于定常行……应广分别。此为第四十八。
Samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī…pe…. Aṭṭhacattālīsamaṃ.
710有一类比丘,于定善巧行境,却不于定适宜行;有一类比丘,于定适宜行,却不善巧行境;有一类比丘,既不善巧行境,亦不于定适宜行;有一类比丘,既善巧行境,又能于定适宜行。诸比丘,于此四种修行者中,彼既善巧行境又能适宜行者,最为第一、最胜、最上、最高、最尊。此为第四十九经。以行境为根本。
Samādhismiṃ gocarakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī…pe…. Ekūnapaññāsamaṃ. (Gocaramūlakaṃ.)
50-52. 以决意为根本之恭敬行经等三则
50-52. Abhinīhāramūlakasakkaccasuttāditikaṃ
711舍卫城因缘……“于定善巧于决意,而不于定作恭敬行;于定作恭敬行,而不于定善巧于决意;既非于定善巧于决意,亦不于定作恭敬行;于定善巧于决意,且于定作恭敬行。诸比丘,于此,那位禅修者……最为上、最为胜。”这是第五十经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ … ‘‘samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī… samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo… neva samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī… samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī…pe… uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Paññāsamaṃ.
712某禅修者于定善巧于决意,而不于定作恒常行;某禅修者于定作恒常行,而不于定善巧于决意;某禅修者于定既非善巧于决意,亦不作恒常行;某禅修者于定既善巧于决意,又作恒常行。诸比丘,在这四种禅修者中,那位于定既善巧于决意、又作恒常行的禅修者,是最上、最胜、最高、最优、最尊的。这是第五十一经。决意为根本。
Samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī…pe…. Ekapaññāsamaṃ.
713于定中善巧决意,却不于定中作适宜行……第五十二(决意根本)。
Samādhismiṃ abhinīhārakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī…pe…. Dvepaññāsamaṃ. (Abhinīhāramūlakaṃ.)
恭敬根本之常作行经等二则
53-54. Sakkaccamūlakasātaccakārīsuttādidukaṃ
714舍卫城因缘……“于定中具恭敬行,而不具常作行……于定中具常作行,而不具恭敬行……于定中既不具恭敬行,亦不具常作行……于定中既具恭敬行,又具常作行。诸比丘,此中,凡此……最上、最胜。”第五十三。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ … ‘‘samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī… samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī … neva samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī… samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ…pe… uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Tepaññāsamaṃ.
715于定中恭敬而行,于定中不行适宜……第五十四。
Samādhismiṃ sakkaccakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī…pe…. Catupaññāsamaṃ.
55. 恒常为本的适宜行经
55. Sātaccamūlakasappāyakārīsuttaṃ
716舍卫城因缘。“诸比丘,有四种修禅者。哪四种?比丘们,在此,有一种修禅者于定中恒常勤行,却于定中不行适宜;比丘们,又有一种修禅者于定中行适宜,却于定中不恒常勤行;比丘们,又有一种修禅者既于定中不恒常勤行,也不于定中行适宜;比丘们,又有一种修禅者于定中恒常勤行,也于定中行适宜。诸比丘,其中,凡于定中恒常勤行、亦行适宜者,于此四种修禅者中,是最上、最胜、最高、最尊、最妙者。诸比丘,譬如从牛有乳,从乳有酪,从酪有生酥,从生酥有熟酥,从熟酥有醍醐,于中醍醐称为最上;同样地,诸比丘,此位于定中恒常勤行、亦行适宜之修禅者,即是此四种修禅者中,最上、最胜、最高、最尊、最妙者。”世尊如是说。诸比丘心满意足,欢喜世尊所说。第五十五经。(应如五十种分别论详述。)
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. ‘‘Catārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave , ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī hoti, na samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī hoti, na ca samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī. Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī ca. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī ca hoti samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī ca ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṃ, khīramhā dadhi, dadhimhā navanītaṃ, navanītamhā sappi, sappimhā sappimaṇḍo tatra aggamakkhāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ jhāyī samādhismiṃ sātaccakārī ca hoti, samādhismiṃ sappāyakārī ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ jhāyīnaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro cā’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. Pañcapaññāsamaṃ. (Yathā pañcapaññāsaṃ veyyākaraṇāni honti tathā vitthāretabbāni.)
定、等至与住定,出定、适业及所缘;
行处、决意、恭敬、持续与适当。
Samādhi samāpatti ṭhiti ca, vuṭṭhānaṃ kallitārammaṇena ca; Gocarā abhinīhāro sakkacca, sātacca athopi sappāyanti.
蕴品第三。
Khandhavaggo tatiyo.
其摄颂如下——
Tassuddānaṃ –
蕴相应、罗陀相应,见趣入相应、生起相应,
烦恼相应、舍利弗相应,以及龙相应、金翅鸟相应、乾闼婆相应;
云相应、婆蹉种相应、禅那相应。此为蕴品中的十三相应。
Khandha rādhasaṃyuttañca, diṭṭhiokkanta uppādā; Kilesa sāriputtā ca, nāgā supaṇṇa gandhabbā; Valāha vacchajhānanti , khandhavaggamhi terasāti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
这组在讲什么
这一相应完全围绕“禅定中的善巧”展开,通过成对的技能组合(如“入定与住定”“等至与出定”)来框定四种禅修者。它不讨论禅那本身的理论,而是像一份禅修技能评估表:把入、住、出、所缘、决意等十个维度进行排列对比,明确指出各项技能都圆满的禅修者才是“最上、最胜”的。
出场人物 / 对告众
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Bhagavā | 世尊 | 说法者 |
| Bhikkhave | 诸比丘 | 对告众,听众 |
核心法义(白话+重点)
这组经文的核心是:禅定不是一项单一技能,而是一组需要分别训练的能力。能否进入禅那(等至)、能否稳定地安住在定中(住)、能否在预定的时间自如地出定(出)、能否熟练地转向不同的所缘(所缘/行境)——这些都是各自独立的善巧。一个人可能很擅长入定,却无法控制住定;可能定力很深,却不能自在出定。佛陀用一套标准的四句分别来比照:A 只擅长 X,B 只擅长 Y,C 两者都不擅长,D 两者都擅长。结论总是 D 才配得上“最上、最胜”。
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关键术语锚
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 为何易错 |
|---|
| **Samāpatti** | 等至/入定 | 容易只理解为“到达”,它强调的是进入禅那这个具体的“动作”和“成就”,区别于“在里面待着”。 |
| **Ṭhiti** | 住/住定 | 不是被动地待着,而是主动、稳固地维持禅那状态的能力,是令定力持续不退的善巧。 |
| **Vuṭṭhāna** | 出定 | 不是掉举而脱出,而是按预定的时间、有觉知地、熟练地从安止定中出来,是禅定自在的一种标志。 |
| **Kallita** | 适合性/柔韧性 | 核心在于“适合作业”,指身心在修定前的准备状态是否柔软、无病、轻快,能立刻投入所缘。 |
| **Gocara** | 行境/领域 | 在禅那语境下,特指心在定中运作的领域或所缘范围,关乎扩展或限定专注面的能力。 |
| **Assāsaka** | 恭敬作/殷重 | 指对禅定及其所缘抱有崇敬与不轻忽的态度,这种“心的姿势”本身就是一种维系定力的善巧。 |
代表经(本组重点)
* 1. 定为根本等至经
* 2. 定为根本住经
* 3. 定为根本出经
* 11. 等至为根本住经
* 12. 等至为根本出经
* 55. 常为根本适宜行经