347如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,在憍萨罗国波斯匿王的领土中,有一个盗贼,名叫央掘魔罗。他残忍暴虐,双手沾满鲜血,沉溺于杀害与暴行,对众生毫无怜悯。他使村落不再是村落,使城镇不再是城镇,使地区不再是地区。他不断地杀人,并将割下的手指串成花鬘佩戴在身上。那时,世尊于午前时分穿好下衣,持钵与衣,进入舍卫城乞食。在舍卫城托钵游化之后,食毕归来,收拾好坐卧具,持钵与衣,便朝盗贼央掘魔罗所在的那条道路走去。牧牛者、牧人、农夫、行路人望见世尊正朝盗贼央掘魔罗所在的道路走去。看见之后,他们对世尊说:‘沙门,请不要走这条路。沙门,这条路上有一个盗贼,名叫央掘魔罗,他残忍暴虐,双手沾满鲜血,沉溺于杀害与暴行,对众生毫无怜悯。他使村落不再是村落,使城镇不再是城镇,使地区不再是地区。他不断地杀人,并将割下的手指串成花鬘佩戴在身上。沙门,这条路,即使有十人、二十人、三十人、四十人、五十人结伴同行,他们依然会落入盗贼央掘魔罗的手中。’听闻此言,世尊默然不语,继续前行。第二次,那些牧牛者……第三次,牧牛者、牧人、农夫、行路人对世尊说:‘沙门,请不要走这条路。沙门,这条路上有一个盗贼,名叫央掘魔罗,他残忍暴虐,双手沾满鲜血,沉溺于杀害与暴行,对众生毫无怜悯。他使村落不再是村落,使城镇不再是城镇,使地区不再是地区。他不断地杀人,并将割下的手指串成花鬘佩戴在身上。沙门,这条路,即使有十人、二十人、三十人、四十人、五十人结伴同行,他们依然会落入盗贼央掘魔罗的手中。’而世尊依旧默然,继续前行。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena rañño pasenadissa kosalassa vijite coro aṅgulimālo nāma hoti luddo lohitapāṇi hatapahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno pāṇabhūtesu. Tena gāmāpi agāmā katā, nigamāpi anigamā katā, janapadāpi ajanapadā katā. So manusse vadhitvā vadhitvā aṅgulīnaṃ mālaṃ dhāreti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena coro aṅgulimālo tenaddhānamaggaṃ paṭipajji. Addasāsuṃ kho gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino bhagavantaṃ yena coro aṅgulimālo tenaddhānamaggapaṭipannaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mā, samaṇa, etaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji. Etasmiṃ, samaṇa, magge coro aṅgulimālo nāma luddo lohitapāṇi hatapahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno pāṇabhūtesu. Tena gāmāpi agāmā katā, nigamāpi anigamā katā, janapadāpi ajanapadā katā. So manusse vadhitvā vadhitvā aṅgulīnaṃ mālaṃ dhāreti. Etañhi, samaṇa, maggaṃ dasapi purisā vīsampi purisā tiṃsampi purisā cattārīsampi purisā paññāsampi purisā saṅkaritvā saṅkaritvā paṭipajjanti. Tepi corassa aṅgulimālassa hatthatthaṃ gacchantī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā tuṇhībhūto agamāsi. Dutiyampi kho gopālakā…pe… tatiyampi kho gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mā, samaṇa, etaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji, etasmiṃ samaṇa magge coro aṅgulimālo nāma luddo lohitapāṇi hatapahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno pāṇabhūtesu, tena gāmāpi agāmā katā, nigamāpi anigamā katā, janapadāpi ajanapadā katā. So manusse vadhitvā vadhitvā aṅgulīnaṃ mālaṃ dhāreti. Etañhi samaṇa maggaṃ dasapi purisā vīsampi purisā tiṃsampi purisā cattārīsampi purisā paññāsampi purisā saṅkaritvā saṅkaritvā paṭipajjanti. Tepi corassa aṅgulimālassa hatthatthaṃ gacchantī’’ti.
348此时,世尊默然继续前行。盗贼央掘魔罗远远望见世尊正朝这边走来,见后便想:‘真是稀有,真是未曾有!这条路哪怕十人、二十人、三十人、四十人、五十人结伴而行,都会落入我手。如今这个沙门竟独自一人,毫无同伴,犹如强行闯入般走来。我不如就把这个沙门杀了。’于是,盗贼央掘魔罗执起剑与盾,背好弓箭,从后面紧紧追赶世尊。那时,世尊示现如是神通变化,纵使盗贼央掘魔罗拼尽全力奔跑,也始终追不上安步徐行的世尊。盗贼央掘魔罗心想:‘真是稀有,真是未曾有!从前,我奔跑着能追上并捉住大象,奔跑着能追上并捉住奔马,奔跑着能追上并捉住疾驰的车乘,奔跑着能追上并捉住奔鹿。可如今这个沙门只是从容而行,我使尽全身之力疾奔,却无法追上。’他便停住,对世尊说:‘停下,停下,沙门!’ ‘我已停下,央掘魔罗,你也应当停下。’ 盗贼央掘魔罗又想:‘这些释迦族出身的沙门,都是说真实语、宣示真实之人。可这个沙门明明在行走,却说:“我已停下,央掘魔罗,你也’
Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūto agamāsi. Addasā kho coro aṅgulimālo bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvānassa etadahosi – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Imañhi maggaṃ dasapi purisā vīsampi purisā tiṃsampi purisā cattārīsampi purisā paññāsampi purisā saṅkaritvā saṅkaritvā paṭipajjanti. Tepi mama hatthatthaṃ gacchanti. Atha ca panāyaṃ samaṇo eko adutiyo pasayha maññe āgacchati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ samaṇaṃ jīvitā voropeyya’’nti. Atha kho coro aṅgulimālo asicammaṃ gahetvā dhanukalāpaṃ sannayhitvā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhi. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi yathā coro aṅgulimālo bhagavantaṃ pakatiyā gacchantaṃ sabbathāmena gacchanto na sakkoti sampāpuṇituṃ. Atha kho corassa aṅgulimālassa etadahosi – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Ahañhi pubbe hatthimpi dhāvantaṃ anupatitvā gaṇhāmi, assampi dhāvantaṃ anupatitvā gaṇhāmi, rathampi dhāvantaṃ anupatitvā gaṇhāmi, migampi dhāvantaṃ anupatitvā gaṇhāmi; atha ca panāhaṃ imaṃ samaṇaṃ pakatiyā gacchantaṃ sabbathāmena gacchanto na sakkomi sampāpuṇitu’’nti! Ṭhitova bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tiṭṭha, tiṭṭha, samaṇā’’ti. ‘‘Ṭhito ahaṃ, aṅgulimāla, tvañca tiṭṭhā’’ti. Atha kho corassa aṅgulimālassa etadahosi – ‘‘ime kho samaṇā sakyaputtiyā saccavādino saccapaṭiññā. Atha panāyaṃ samaṇo gacchaṃ yevāha – ‘ṭhito ahaṃ, aṅgulimāla, tvañca tiṭṭhā’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ samaṇaṃ puccheyya’’nti.
349于是,盗贼央掘魔罗以偈颂对世尊说:
Atha kho coro aṅgulimālo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
“沙门,你正行走着,却说‘我已停下’,
我已停住,你却说我没有停住;
沙门,我且问你:
为何你已停住,而我却未停住呢?
央掘魔罗,我早已住于停止——
于一切众生,我已放下了棍杖。
而你对诸生命却未能自制;
因此,我已止息,而你尚未止息。”
久远以来,我所敬仰的大仙人,确实,
真实语者,已来到这大林之中;
我将舍离罪恶,踏上道途。
佛陀——那悲悯的大圣者,
这位连同天界在内的世间之师,
那时便对他说:“来,比丘。”
‘‘Gacchaṃ vadesi samaṇa ṭhitomhi, Mamañca brūsi ṭhitamaṭṭhitoti; Pucchāmi taṃ samaṇa etamatthaṃ, Kathaṃ ṭhito tvaṃ ahamaṭṭhitomhī’’ti. ‘‘Ṭhito ahaṃ aṅgulimāla sabbadā, Sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ; Tuvañca pāṇesu asaññatosi, Tasmā ṭhitohaṃ tuvamaṭṭhitosī’’ti. ‘‘Cirassaṃ vata me mahito mahesī, Mahāvanaṃ pāpuṇi saccavādī ; Sohaṃ carissāmi pahāya pāpaṃ , Sutvāna gāthaṃ tava dhammayuttaṃ’’. Itveva coro asimāvudhañca, Sobbhe papāte narake akiri; Avandi coro sugatassa pāde, Tattheva naṃ pabbajjaṃ ayāci. Buddho ca kho kāruṇiko mahesi, Yo satthā lokassa sadevakassa; ‘Tamehi bhikkhū’ti tadā avoca, Eseva tassa ahu bhikkhubhāvoti.
350那时,世尊让具寿央掘魔罗作为随行沙门,朝舍卫城方向游化而去。一路次第而行,抵达了舍卫城。在那里,世尊住在祇树给孤独园。而就在那时,憍萨罗王波斯匿的内宫门前聚集了一大群人,高声喧嚷:‘陛下!您的国中有一个盗贼,名唤央掘魔罗,他残忍凶暴,满手血腥,沉浸于杀戮,对一切众生毫无悲悯。因为他,村庄不再像村庄,城镇不再像城镇,聚落不再像聚落。他不断杀人,并用砍下的手指串成花鬘。陛下,请去阻止他吧!’
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmatā aṅgulimālena pacchāsamaṇena yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena sāvatthi tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena rañño pasenadissa kosalassa antepuradvāre mahājanakāyo sannipatitvā uccāsaddo mahāsaddo hoti – ‘‘coro te, deva, vijite aṅgulimālo nāma luddo lohitapāṇi hatapahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno pāṇabhūtesu. Tena gāmāpi agāmā katā, nigamāpi anigamā katā, janapadāpi ajanapadā katā. So manusse vadhitvā vadhitvā aṅgulīnaṃ mālaṃ dhāreti. Taṃ devo paṭisedhetū’’ti.
那时,憍萨罗国王波斯匿于正午时分,率领约五百匹马,从舍卫城出发,朝着园林的方向行去。他乘车行至车所能及之处,便下车,独自步行,前往世尊所在的地方。走近之后,向世尊敬礼,退坐一面。世尊对退坐一面的憍萨罗国王波斯匿说:“大王,出了什么事?是摩揭陀国斯尼耶·频婆娑罗王触怒了你,还是毗舍离的离车族人,或是其他与你敌对的王?”“尊者,摩揭陀国斯尼耶·频婆娑罗王并未触怒我,毗舍离的离车族人也没有,其他敌对的王更没有。尊者,在我的国境之内,有一个盗贼,名叫央掘魔罗。他生性残暴,双手沾满鲜血,惯于杀戮,对一切众生毫无怜悯。由于他,村庄不再是村庄,城镇不再是城镇,聚落不再是聚落。他持续杀人,并将手指串成花鬘佩戴。尊者,我此行正是要去制止他。”“大王,如果你看见央掘魔罗剃除了须发,身着袈裟,从在家生活中出家,成为无家者,舍离了杀生,舍离了不与取,舍离了妄语,一日一食,修习梵行,持守净戒,具足善法,你会怎样对待他?”“尊者,我们会向他敬礼,起身迎接,请他坐下,尽心供养他衣服、饮食、住处以及病缘医药所需资具,还会为他安排如法的保护、防卫与守护。然而,尊者,像他这样破戒、品行恶劣的人,又岂能具有如此的戒律与自制呢?”
Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo pañcamattehi assasatehi sāvatthiyā nikkhami divā divassa. Yena ārāmo tena pāvisi. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu te, mahārāja, rājā vā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro kupito vesālikā vā licchavī aññe vā paṭirājāno’’ti? ‘‘Na kho me, bhante, rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro kupito, nāpi vesālikā licchavī, nāpi aññe paṭirājāno. Coro me, bhante, vijite aṅgulimālo nāma luddo lohitapāṇi hatapahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno pāṇabhūtesu. Tena gāmāpi agāmā katā, nigamāpi anigamā katā, janapadāpi ajanapadā katā. So manusse vadhitvā vadhitvā aṅgulīnaṃ mālaṃ dhāreti. Tāhaṃ, bhante, paṭisedhissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sace pana tvaṃ, mahārāja, aṅgulimālaṃ passeyyāsi kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitaṃ, virataṃ pāṇātipātā, virataṃ adinnādānā, virataṃ musāvādā, ekabhattikaṃ, brahmacāriṃ, sīlavantaṃ, kalyāṇadhammaṃ, kinti naṃ kareyyāsī’’ti? ‘‘Abhivādeyyāma vā, bhante, paccuṭṭheyyāma vā āsanena vā nimanteyyāma, abhinimanteyyāma vā naṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi, dhammikaṃ vā assa rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṃ saṃvidaheyyāma. Kuto panassa, bhante, dussīlassa pāpadhammassa evarūpo sīlasaṃyamo bhavissatī’’ti?
那时,尊者央掘魔罗正坐在离世尊不远处。于是,世尊伸出右手,对憍萨罗国王波斯匿说:“大王,这就是央掘魔罗。”那时,憍萨罗国王波斯匿顿时心生恐惧,浑身僵硬,汗毛直竖。世尊知道憍萨罗国王波斯匿心中害怕、惊恐、汗毛直竖,便对他说:“大王,不要害怕,你在这里已没有什么可害怕的了。”这时,憍萨罗国王波斯匿心中的恐惧、僵硬与毛骨悚然,全都平息了下来。然后,憍萨罗国王波斯匿走到尊者央掘魔罗那边。走近后,他对尊者央掘魔罗说:“尊者,您就是央掘魔罗吗?”“是的,大王。”“尊者,您父亲是什么族姓,母亲是什么族姓?”“大王,我父亲是伽伽,母亲是曼答尼。”“愿伽伽与曼答尼之子尊者心安稳。我愿为伽伽与曼答尼之子尊者提供衣服、饮食、住处及生病所需的医药资具。”
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā aṅgulimālo bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā dakkhiṇaṃ bāhuṃ paggahetvā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘eso, mahārāja, aṅgulimālo’’ti. Atha kho rañño pasenadissa kosalassa ahudeva bhayaṃ, ahu chambhitattaṃ, ahu lomahaṃso. Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ bhītaṃ saṃviggaṃ lomahaṭṭhajātaṃ viditvā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā bhāyi, mahārāja, natthi te ito bhaya’’nti. Atha kho rañño pasenadissa kosalassa yaṃ ahosi bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā lomahaṃso vā so paṭippassambhi. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yenāyasmā aṅgulimālo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ aṅgulimālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayyo no, bhante, aṅgulimālo’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, mahārājā’’ti. ‘‘Kathaṃgotto ayyassa pitā, kathaṃgottā mātā’’ti? ‘‘Gaggo kho, mahārāja, pitā, mantāṇī mātā’’ti. ‘‘Abhiramatu, bhante, ayyo gaggo mantāṇiputto. Ahamayyassa gaggassa mantāṇiputtassa ussukkaṃ karissāmi cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārāna’’nti.
351那时,央掘魔罗尊者是住于林野的比丘,托钵乞食,着粪扫衣,唯持三衣。于是,央掘魔罗尊者对憍萨罗国王波斯匿说:“大王,够了。我的衣已足够。”接着,憍萨罗国王波斯匿又往世尊那里去。到后,向世尊行礼,坐在一旁。在一旁坐下的憍萨罗国王波斯匿对世尊这样说:“太奇妙了,世尊!太不可思议了,世尊!世尊能调伏未调伏者,能安止未安止者,能令未完全寂灭者得完全寂灭。尊者,我用棍棒与刀剑都无法制伏他,而世尊您不用棍棒、不用刀剑便将他调伏了。好了,世尊,我们现在要告辞了,我们还有许多事务、许多应办的事。”“大王,现在正是时候,您若觉得适宜,就请吧。”于是,憍萨罗国王波斯匿从座位起身,向世尊行礼,右绕一圈后,便离开了。
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā aṅgulimālo āraññiko hoti piṇḍapātiko paṃsukūliko tecīvariko. Atha kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘alaṃ, mahārāja, paripuṇṇaṃ me cīvara’’nti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yāvañcidaṃ, bhante, bhagavā adantānaṃ dametā, asantānaṃ sametā, aparinibbutānaṃ parinibbāpetā. Yañhi mayaṃ, bhante, nāsakkhimhā daṇḍenapi satthenapi dametuṃ so bhagavatā adaṇḍena asattheneva danto. Handa ca dāni mayaṃ, bhante, gacchāma; bahukiccā mayaṃ bahukaraṇīyā’’ti. ‘‘Yassadāni, mahārāja, kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.
其后,央掘魔罗尊者于午前时分,著下裳,持钵衣,入舍卫城乞食。当时,有人向央掘魔罗尊者投掷土块,有人投掷棍棒,有人投掷石头。于是,央掘魔罗尊者头破血流,钵盂破损,僧伽梨亦被撕裂,即在此状下来到世尊前。世尊遥见央掘魔罗尊者走来,见已,即对尊者说:“你当忍耐,婆罗门!你当忍耐,婆罗门!婆罗门,此业本应令你于地狱中受苦多年、多百年、多千年,然今你在现法中便已领受其果了。”其后,央掘魔罗尊者独处宴坐,受解脱乐,于其时诵出此感兴偈:
Atha kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Tena kho pana samayena aññenapi leḍḍu khitto āyasmato aṅgulimālassa kāye nipatati, aññenapi daṇḍo khitto āyasmato aṅgulimālassa kāye nipatati, aññenapi sakkharā khittā āyasmato aṅgulimālassa kāye nipatati. Atha kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo bhinnena sīsena, lohitena gaḷantena, bhinnena pattena, vipphālitāya saṅghāṭiyā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ aṅgulimālaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna āyasmantaṃ aṅgulimālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsehi tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, adhivāsehi tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa. Yassa kho tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kammassa vipākena bahūni vassāni bahūni vassasatāni bahūni vassasahassāni niraye pacceyyāsi tassa tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kammassa vipākaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme paṭisaṃvedesī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo rahogato paṭisallīno vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedi; tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
“那么,央掘魔罗,你去那位妇女那里,到了之后这样对她说:‘姊妹,从我出生以来,我不记得曾故意夺取过任何众生的生命。以此真实语,愿你平安,愿胎儿平安。’”
‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, aṅgulimāla, yena sā itthī tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ itthiṃ evaṃ vadehi – ‘yatohaṃ, bhagini, jāto nābhijānāmi sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropetā, tena saccena sotthi te hotu, sotthi gabbhassā’’’ti.
“可是,尊者,那样说岂不是故意妄语吗?尊者,我过去确实故意夺取过许多生命啊。”“那么,央掘魔罗,你去那位妇女那里,到了之后这样对她说:‘姊妹,自从我以圣者之生出生以来,我不记得曾故意夺取过任何众生的生命。以此真实语,愿你平安,愿胎儿平安。’”
‘‘So hi nūna me, bhante, sampajānamusāvādo bhavissati. Mayā hi, bhante, bahū sañcicca pāṇā jīvitā voropitā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, aṅgulimāla, yena sā itthī tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ itthiṃ evaṃ vadehi – ‘yatohaṃ, bhagini, ariyāya jātiyā jāto, nābhijānāmi sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropetā, tena saccena sotthi te hotu, sotthi gabbhassā’’’ti.
“是的,尊者。”央掘魔罗尊者回答世尊后,便去到那位妇女那里。到了之后,他对那位妇女这样说:“姊妹,自从我以圣者之生出生以来,我不记得曾故意夺取过任何众生的生命。以此真实语,愿你平安,愿胎儿平安。”于是,那位妇女平安了,胎儿也平安了。
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo bhagavato paṭissutvā yena sā itthī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ itthiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yatohaṃ, bhagini, ariyāya jātiyā jāto, nābhijānāmi sañcicca pāṇaṃ jīvitā voropetā, tena saccena sotthi te hotu, sotthi gabbhassā’’ti. Atha khvāssā itthiyā sotthi ahosi, sotthi gabbhassa.
那时,央掘魔罗尊者独自隐退,不放逸,精勤而坚定地安住。不久,他便以胜智在现法中亲自作证、达到并安住于梵行的究竟——这正是善男子们正当地舍家出家、趋向非家的无上目标。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不受后有。’就这样,央掘魔罗尊者成为了一位阿拉汉。
Atha kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘Khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā aṅgulimālo arahataṃ ahosi.
352那时,央掘魔罗尊者在午前时分,穿好下衣,持钵与上衣,进入舍卫城托钵乞食。央掘魔罗尊者在舍卫城次第乞食、挨家挨户而行时,看见一位妇人,难产垂危,痛苦万分。见此情景,他心中思维:“唉,众生真是苦啊!唉,众生真是苦啊!”随后,央掘魔罗尊者在舍卫城托钵完毕,食毕,从托钵处归来,便去世尊那里。到后,向世尊顶礼,退坐一面。退坐一面的央掘魔罗尊者对世尊说:“尊者,我今日午前时分,穿好下衣,持钵与上衣,进入舍卫城托钵乞食。尊者,我在舍卫城次第乞食、挨家挨户而行时,看见一位妇人,难产垂危,痛苦万分。看到这番情景,我心中便想:‘唉,众生真是苦啊!唉,众生真是苦啊!’”
Atha kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo sāvatthiyaṃ sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno aññataraṃ itthiṃ mūḷhagabbhaṃ vighātagabbhaṃ . Disvānassa etadahosi – ‘‘kilissanti vata, bho, sattā; kilissanti vata, bho, sattā’’ti! Atha kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ. Addasaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante, sāvatthiyaṃ sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno aññataraṃ itthiṃ mūḷhagabbhaṃ vighātagabbhaṃ’’. Disvāna mayhaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kilissanti vata , bho, sattā; kilissanti vata, bho, sattā’’ti!
先时放逸者,后时不放逸;
他照亮世间,犹如明月出于云翳。
他所造作的恶业,为善法所覆盖;
他照亮世间,犹如明月出于云翳。
愿我的怨敌们也精勤于佛陀的教法;
愿那些怨敌亲近善士,
那些寂静者则安立他人于正法。
愿那些宣扬忍辱、赞叹无诤者,成为我所依止的方向;
愿他们适时听闻正法,并随顺修习而行。
「正如治水者引导水流,造箭匠调直箭杆;」
木匠能令木头弯曲,智者则调伏自己。
有的人用棍棒调伏,有的人用钩刺,有的人用鞭子;
我,却是被那不用棍棒与刀剑的圣者所调伏。
过去,我双手沾满鲜血,是恶名远扬的央掘魔罗;
请看,我已找到皈依——有之牵引已被根除。
造作了这么多导向恶趣的业,
业之异熟已触受于我,我无债而受用饮食。
愚者与钝智者,沉溺于放逸;
智者则守护不放逸,如护最胜财宝。
此言来得善妙,并非不善,我所获得的教示并非不善思量。
‘‘Yo pubbeva pamajjitvā, pacchā so nappamajjati; Somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā. ‘‘Yassa pāpaṃ kataṃ kammaṃ, kusalena pidhīyati ; Somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā. ‘‘Yo have daharo bhikkhu, yuñjati buddhasāsane; Somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā. ‘‘Disā hi me dhammakathaṃ suṇantu, Disā hi me yuñjantu buddhasāsane; Disā hi me te manujā bhajantu, Ye dhammamevādapayanti santo. ‘‘Disā hi me khantivādānaṃ, avirodhappasaṃsīnaṃ; Suṇantu dhammaṃ kālena, tañca anuvidhīyantu. ‘‘Na hi jātu so mamaṃ hiṃse, aññaṃ vā pana kiñci naṃ ; Pappuyya paramaṃ santiṃ, rakkheyya tasathāvare. ‘‘Udakañhi nayanti nettikā, usukārā namayanti tejanaṃ; Dāruṃ namayanti tacchakā, attānaṃ damayanti paṇḍitā. ‘‘Daṇḍeneke damayanti, aṅkusehi kasāhi ca; Adaṇḍena asatthena, ahaṃ dantomhi tādinā. ‘‘Ahiṃsakoti me nāmaṃ, hiṃsakassa pure sato; Ajjāhaṃ saccanāmomhi, na naṃ hiṃsāmi kiñci naṃ . ‘‘Coro ahaṃ pure āsiṃ, aṅgulimāloti vissuto; Vuyhamāno mahoghena, buddhaṃ saraṇamāgamaṃ. ‘‘Lohitapāṇi pure āsiṃ, aṅgulimāloti vissuto; Saraṇagamanaṃ passa, bhavanetti samūhatā. ‘‘Tādisaṃ kammaṃ katvāna, bahuṃ duggatigāminaṃ; Phuṭṭho kammavipākena, aṇaṇo bhuñjāmi bhojanaṃ. ‘‘Pamādamanuyuñjanti, bālā dummedhino janā; Appamādañca medhāvī, dhanaṃ seṭṭhaṃva rakkhati. ‘‘Mā pamādamanuyuñjetha, mā kāmarati santhavaṃ; Appamatto hi jhāyanto, pappoti vipulaṃ sukhaṃ. ‘‘Svāgataṃ nāpagataṃ , nayidaṃ dummantitaṃ mama; Saṃvibhattesu dhammesu, yaṃ seṭṭhaṃ tadupāgamaṃ. ‘‘Svāgataṃ nāpagataṃ, nayidaṃ dummantitaṃ mama; Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Bhagavā | 世尊 | 导师,调伏盗贼 |
| Aṅgulimāla | 央掘魔罗 | 凶残盗贼,后出家为比丘,证阿拉汉 |
| Pasenadi Kosala | 波斯匿 | 憍萨罗国王,本欲率兵擒贼 |
| gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino | 牧牛者、牧人、农夫、行路人 | 劝世尊莫入险路 |
| Seniya Bimbisāra Māgadha | 斯尼耶·频婆娑罗 | 摩揭陀国王,世尊问话中提及 |
| Vesālikā Licchavī | 毗舍离的离车族人 | 世尊问话中提及的邻邦势力 |
| itthī mūḷhagabbhā | 难产妇女 | 引发央掘魔罗作真实语的因缘 |
| Gagga | 伽伽 | 央掘魔罗之父的族姓 |
| Mantāṇī | 曼答尼 | 央掘魔罗之母的族姓 |
地点
舍卫城祇树给孤独园及通往杀人大盗央掘魔罗所在的道路。
事件
憍萨罗国出现了杀人如麻,以人手指作鬘的盗贼央掘魔罗。世尊不顾众人劝阻,独行至其所在。央掘魔罗想杀世尊,却无论如何追不上缓步经行的佛陀。世尊以一句“我已停下,你也应停下”将其折服,为其说法后度其出家。当波斯匿王带兵来抓人时,发现让他恐惧的杀人魔已成了世尊身边安详的比丘。即便证得阿拉汉,过去恶业的余报仍让央掘魔罗在乞食时头破血流,但他以解脱之乐安然承受。
经文摘要
盗贼央掘魔罗想杀佛陀却被神通折服 → 听闻“已停”的教导后出家 → 以“圣者之生”的真实语救度难产妇女 → 证得阿拉汉果后坦然承受现世的业果。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解)
这篇经讲的是一个“停”下来的故事,从外在的追杀停止,到内心造恶的瀑流停止,最后彻底熄灭烦恼,并坦然面对过去的业力。
第一层:身体的“停”
央掘魔罗是全速奔跑去追杀步行的佛陀,却怎么也追不上,他大喊“停下!停下!”。佛陀说:“我已停下,央掘魔罗,你也应停下。”这话乍一听是矛盾的,因为佛陀明明还在走。
→ 拆开看:佛陀说的“已停”指的是他内心早已“停”止了造一切恶、不再有丝毫伤害众生的冲动。而央掘魔罗还在被杀心、嗔心、愚痴心驱赶着狂奔,所以佛陀要他也“停下”这头狂奔的“心”。这是全篇最核心的转折。
第二层:存在的“新生”
当央掘魔罗因看到难产妇女而心生大悲时,佛陀让他去作“真实语”: “姊妹,自从我以圣者之生而生以来,我不知道故意夺取生命者的生命...” 但他之前明明已杀了很多人,这是另一个矛盾。
→ 拆开看:佛陀帮他把“出生”重新定义了。世俗的出生(jāti)带来了这个杀人的央掘魔罗,但当他剃度出家、体证到法的那一刻,他已经不是原来那个“人”了,而是从“圣者”的层面获得了新生。他的戒体是清净的,在这个全新的生命里,他确实没再故意杀过任何生命。所以他这句真实语有通天之力,让那个女人顺产了。
→ 一句话要旨:改过自新,不是修补旧房子,而是彻底打掉地基重建,在佛法中“出家”就是受一次“圣人的出生”。
第三层:因果的不虚
央掘魔罗证了阿拉汉,成了世间最高尚的圣者,去乞食还是被人打得头破血流,钵碎衣裂。很多人可能会想:凭什么圣人还要受这罪?
→ 拆开看:佛陀给了他最硬的靠山—— “你因那业的果报,本应在地狱受苦许多年、许多百年、许多千年,你在现法中感受那业的果报。” 这大恶业的重量,本来要把人拖进地狱煎熬无量岁,但因为他修行有成、彻底断除烦恼,这些重业变成了“重罪轻报”,只在当下受皮肉之苦就报销了。
→ 一句话要旨:不是成了阿拉汉就欠债不还,而是因为他内心没了“那个受苦的人”,重业变轻受,且受完永无后患。
关键术语锚
- sacca → 真实语/谛: 为什么易错?这里的“真实语”不是简单的“说真话”,而是一种基于个人圆满戒德或真实体证所发起的、具有实现奇迹力量的誓言。央掘魔罗第一次想说“我自出生以来”时发现不行,因为他杀过人,这话对自己不真;第二次说“我以圣者之生”才灵验,因为这戒体是真实无伪的。
- kamma → 业/(善恶)行: 为什么易错?全篇都在讲业的运作法则。大恶(杀999人)必召地狱果,但这业在现世被“圣道”之火提前烧尽而成了轻受。这打破了“业=宿命论”的误解,展示了修行能彻底改变业的成熟方式。
- vihāra → 住/安住(心境): 为什么易错?佛陀说“我已停下”,用的不是物理上的停,而是指他“安住”于涅槃的寂静中。相对应的,央掘魔罗最后“独自远离、独坐,感受解脱之乐”,才是真正学会了如何“住”。
- ariya → 圣/圣者: 为什么易错?央掘魔罗的“圣者之生”不是改个名字,而是他得了“圣位”(初果到四果),彻底斩断了堕恶趣的因缘,产生了与之前杀人犯完全不同的“圣种姓”身份。