293如是我闻:一时,世尊与大众比丘僧团在俱卢国游行,来到名为土喇果帝咖的俱卢国村落。土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士们听说:“沙门乔达摩——释迦族之子,从释迦族出家——在俱卢国游行,与大众比丘僧团一同,已经到达土喇果帝咖。关于那位乔达摩大师,流传着这样的好名声:‘这位世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。’他以证智亲自证知、现证了这个包含天、魔、梵、沙门婆罗门、天人众的世间,并予以宣说。他所宣说的法,初善、中善、后善,义理与辞句圆满,阐明清净圆满的梵行。能够见到这样的阿拉汉,实在是太好了。”于是,土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士们便前往谒见世尊。到后,有些人向世尊礼敬,坐在一旁;有些人与世尊互相问候,进行和悦、令人忆念的交谈后,坐在一旁;有些人朝世尊合掌礼敬,坐在一旁;有些人在世尊面前通报姓名与族姓后,坐在一旁;有些人则默然坐在一旁。当这些土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士们坐于一旁后,世尊便以法语教示、激励、鼓舞、令其欢喜。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kurūsu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena thullakoṭṭhikaṃ nāma kurūnaṃ nigamo tadavasari. Assosuṃ kho thullakoṭṭhikā brāhmaṇagahapatikā – ‘‘samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kurūsu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ thullakoṭṭhikaṃ anuppatto. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti. Atha kho thullakoṭṭhikā brāhmaṇagahapatikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavato santike nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho thullakoṭṭhike brāhmaṇagahapatike bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi.
294那时,有一位族姓子名唤赖吒和罗,是土喇果帝咖望族之子,正坐在那集会中。这时,族姓子赖吒和罗心中思惟:“依我对世尊所说法的理解,居于家中之人要修习如此绝对圆满、绝对清净、如磨光贝壳般纯粹的梵行,实非易事。我何不剃除须发,身着袈裟,从在家生活出家,去过无家的生活呢?”那时,土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士们,蒙世尊以法开示、策励、鼓舞、令其欢喜,对世尊的教说心生欣悦、随喜,便从座而起,礼敬世尊,右绕之后离去了。土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士们离去后不久,族姓子赖吒和罗便前往拜见世尊。到后,礼敬世尊,然后退坐一面。退坐一面后,族姓子赖吒和罗对世尊这样说:“尊者,依我对世尊所说法的理解,在家之人要过绝对圆满、绝对清净、如磨光贝壳般纯粹的梵行,实为不易。尊者,我愿剃除须发,身着袈裟,从在家生活出家,去过无家的生活。尊者,请允许我在世尊座下出家,受具足戒。恳请世尊度我出家。”“赖吒和罗,你舍弃在家而出家过无家生活,可曾得到父母的允许?”“尊者,我舍弃在家出家,尚未得到父母的允许。”“赖吒和罗,如来不会度化未曾得到父母允许的儿子出家。”“尊者,我会设法求得父母的允许,以便从在家出家,过无家的生活。”
Tena kho pana samayena raṭṭhapālo nāma kulaputto tasmiṃyeva thullakoṭṭhike aggakulassa putto tissaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa etadahosi – ‘‘yathā yathā khvāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi , nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’’nti. Atha kho thullakoṭṭhikā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto acirapakkantesu thullakoṭṭhikesu brāhmaṇagahapatikesu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yathā yathāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Icchāmahaṃ, bhante, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadaṃ. Pabbājetu maṃ bhagavā’’ti . ‘‘Anuññātosi pana tvaṃ, raṭṭhapāla, mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? ‘‘Na khohaṃ, bhante, anuññāto mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. ‘‘Na kho, raṭṭhapāla, tathāgatā ananuññātaṃ mātāpitūhi puttaṃ pabbājentī’’ti. ‘‘Svāhaṃ, bhante, tathā karissāmi yathā maṃ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti.
295于是,族姓子赖吒和罗从座起身,礼敬世尊,右绕之后,便去见他的父母。来到之后,他对父母这样说道:“父亲、母亲,就我于世尊所说法义的领解而言,一个在家人要过一种全然圆满、全然清净、如磨光贝壳般纯净的梵行生活,实非易事。我想要剃除须发,披上袈裟,从在家走向出家。请允许我从在家走向出家吧。”听闻此言,族姓子赖吒和罗的父母便对族姓子赖吒和罗说道:“我亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是我家的独子,是我们的至爱、我们的心之所悦,是在快乐中被抚养、在快乐中长大之人。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你未尝得知痛苦为何物。就算你离世,我们都会在万般不舍中与你分离。更何况,我们怎能在你尚且活着的今天,允许你从在家走向出家呢?”第二次,族姓子赖吒和罗……第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗又对父母说道:“父亲、母亲,就我于世尊所说法义的领解而言,一个在家人要过一种全然圆满、全然清净、如磨光贝壳般纯净的梵行生活,实非易事。我想要剃除须发,披上袈裟,从在家走向出家。请允许我从在家走向出家吧。”第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗的父母依然对族姓子赖吒和罗说道:“我亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是我家的独子,是我们的至爱、我们的心之所悦,是在快乐中被抚养、在快乐中长大之人。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你未尝得知痛苦为何物。就算你离世,我们都会在万般不舍中与你分离。更何况,我们怎能在你尚且活着的今天,允许你从在家走向出家呢?”
Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena mātāpitaro tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mātāpitaro etadavoca – ‘‘ammatātā, yathā yathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Icchāmahaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Anujānātha maṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato . Na tvaṃ, tāta raṭṭhapāla , kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Dutiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto…pe… tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto mātāpitaro etadavoca – ‘‘ammatātā, yathā yathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Icchāmahaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Anujānātha maṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṃ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti?
296于是,族姓子赖吒和罗心想:“父母不允许我从有家而出,过无家的生活。”他便在那毫无遮蔽的裸地上躺下,心想:“我将要么死在这里,要么出家。”那时,族姓子赖吒和罗一餐也不进,两餐也不进,三餐也不进,四餐也不进,五餐也不进,六餐也不进,七餐也不进。这时,族姓子赖吒和罗的父母对族姓子赖吒和罗说道:“亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是我们的独子,是我们珍爱、悦意的儿子,于安乐中养育,于安乐中长大。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你不知任何痛苦。纵然你死去,我们尚且会不甘不愿地与你分离;何况你尚在世,我们怎能允许你从有家而出,过无家的生活呢?起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你进食、饮水、娱乐吧;你在进食、饮水、娱乐、受用感官欲乐、培植功德之中,欢悦地度日吧。我们不允许你从有家而出,过无家的生活。纵然你死去,我们尚且会不甘不愿地与你分离;何况你尚在世,我们怎能允许你从有家而出,过无家的生活呢?”这样说时,族姓子赖吒和罗默然不语。第二次,族姓子赖吒和罗的父母又对族姓子赖吒和罗说道:“亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是我们的独子,是我们珍爱、悦意的儿子,于安乐中养育,于安乐中长大。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你不知任何痛苦。纵然你死去,我们尚且会不甘不愿地与你分离;何况你尚在世,我们怎能允许你从有家而出,过无家的生活呢?起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你进食、饮水、娱乐吧;你在进食、饮水、娱乐、受用感官欲乐、培植功德之中,欢悦地度日吧。我们不允许你从有家而出,过无家的生活。纵然你死去,我们尚且会不甘不愿地与你分离;何况你尚在世,我们怎能允许你从有家而出,过无家的生活呢?”第二次,族姓子赖吒和罗依然默然不语。第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗的父母又对族姓子赖吒和罗说道:“亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是我们的独子,是我们珍爱、悦意的儿子,于安乐中养育,于安乐中长大。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你不知任何痛苦。纵然你死去,我们尚且会不甘不愿地与你分离;何况你尚在世,我们怎能允许你从有家而出,过无家的生活呢?起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你进食、饮水、娱乐吧;你在进食、饮水、娱乐、受用感官欲乐、培植功德之中,欢悦地度日吧。我们不允许你从有家而出,过无家的生活。纵然你死去,我们尚且会不甘不愿地与你分离;何况你尚在世,我们怎能允许你从有家而出,过无家的生活呢?”第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗依然默然不语。
Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto – ‘‘na maṃ mātāpitaro anujānanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti tattheva anantarahitāya bhūmiyā nipajji – ‘‘idheva me maraṇaṃ bhavissati pabbajjā vā’’ti. Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto ekampi bhattaṃ na bhuñji, dvepi bhattāni na bhuñji, tīṇipi bhattāni na bhuñji, cattāripi bhattāni na bhuñji, pañcapi bhattāni na bhuñji, chapi bhattāni na bhuñji, sattapi bhattāni na bhuñji. Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṃ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, kassaci, dukkhassa jānāsi . Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Uṭṭhehi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca; bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṃ mayaṃ anujānāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya . Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Evaṃ vutte, raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ…pe… dutiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi. Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṃ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma, kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Uṭṭhehi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca; bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṃ mayaṃ anujānāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma . Kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi.
297那时,族姓子赖吒和罗的朋友们一同前往族姓子赖吒和罗的住处。到了之后,他们对族姓子赖吒和罗这样说:“亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是父母唯一的儿子,是他们心爱、中意之人,在安乐中养育,在安乐里长大。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你从不知痛苦为何物。即使你死去了,你的父母也会心不甘愿地与你离别,更何况是还活着的时候,他们怎会允许你离开有家,去过无家的出家生活呢?起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你要饮食、享受、娱乐,在饮食、享受、受用感官欲乐、培植福德的同时,快乐地度日。你的父母不会允许你离开有家去过无家的出家生活。即使你死去了,你的父母也会心不甘愿地与你离别,更何况是还活着的时候,他们怎会允许你离开有家,去过无家的出家生活呢?”这样说的时候,族姓子赖吒和罗默然无语。第二次,族姓子赖吒和罗的朋友们又对族姓子赖吒和罗这样说:“亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是父母唯一的儿子,是他们心爱、中意之人,在安乐中养育,在安乐里长大。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你从不知痛苦为何物。即使你死去了,你的父母也会心不甘愿地与你离别,更何况是还活着的时候,他们怎会允许你离开有家,去过无家的出家生活呢?起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你要饮食、享受、娱乐,在饮食、享受、受用感官欲乐、培植福德的同时,快乐地度日。你的父母不会允许你离开有家去过无家的出家生活。即使你死去了,你的父母也会心不甘愿地与你离别,更何况是还活着的时候,他们怎会允许你离开有家,去过无家的出家生活呢?”第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗依然默然无语。
Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā yena raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi , samma raṭṭhapāla, mātāpitūnaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṃ, samma raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṃ pana te taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Uṭṭhehi, samma raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca; bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṃ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṃ pana te taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Evaṃ vutte, raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho… tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, samma raṭṭhapāla, mātāpitūnaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato, na tvaṃ, samma raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi, maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṃ pana te taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya? Uṭṭhehi, samma raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca, bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṃ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya, maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṃ pana te taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi.
298那时,族姓子赖吒和罗的朋友们便去见族姓子赖吒和罗的父母。到了之后,他们对族姓子赖吒和罗的父母这样说道:“母亲、父亲,这位族姓子赖吒和罗正躺在那块无遮无盖的地上,心里想着:‘我要么就死在这里,要么就出家。’如果你们不允许族姓子赖吒和罗从在家生活出走、过无家的生活,他就会死在那里。可是,如果你们允许族姓子赖吒和罗从在家生活出走、过无家的生活,即便他出家之后,你们仍然能够见到他。倘若族姓子赖吒和罗不喜欢从在家生活出走、过无家的生活,他还能有什么别的去处呢?他自然就会回到这里来。请允许族姓子赖吒和罗从在家生活出走、过无家的生活吧。”“好吧,孩子们,我们允许族姓子赖吒和罗从在家生活出走、过无家的生活。不过,他出家之后,还须来面见父母。”于是,族姓子赖吒和罗的朋友们便去见族姓子赖吒和罗。到了之后,他们对族姓子赖吒和罗说:“起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你已得到父母的允许,可以从在家生活出走、过无家的生活了。不过,你出家之后,还须去见父母一面。”
Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā yena raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ammatātā, eso raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tattheva anantarahitāya bhūmiyā nipanno – ‘idheva me maraṇaṃ bhavissati pabbajjā vā’ti. Sace tumhe raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ nānujānissatha agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya, tattheva maraṇaṃ āgamissati. Sace pana tumhe raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ anujānissatha agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya, pabbajitampi naṃ dakkhissatha. Sace raṭṭhapālo kulaputto nābhiramissati agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya, kā tassa aññā gati bhavissati? Idheva paccāgamissati. Anujānātha raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. ‘‘Anujānāma, tātā, raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Pabbajitena ca pana mātāpitaro uddassetabbā’’ti. Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā yena raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘uṭṭhehi, samma raṭṭhapāla , anuññātosi mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Pabbajitena ca pana te mātāpitaro uddassetabbā’’ti.
299那时,族姓子赖吒和罗站起身,恢复了气力,便前往世尊那里。到了之后,顶礼世尊,坐于一旁。坐于一旁后,族姓子赖吒和罗对世尊这样说:“尊者,我已得到父母的许可,从在家生活出家,过无家的生活。恳请世尊度我出家。”族姓子赖吒和罗便得以在世尊座下出家,受具足戒。那时,世尊在具寿赖吒和罗受具足戒后不久——也就是他受戒半个月时——于土喇果帝咖随心所悦地住了一段时间,便向舍卫城方向出发,次第游行。一路次第游行,抵达舍卫城。世尊便住于舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。而具寿赖吒和罗则独处远离,不放逸、精勤、坚毅而住。不久,他为了那个目标——族姓子们正当地舍离居家,出家过无家生活,正是为了成就那无上的梵行究竟——在现法中以智慧亲自体证、实现而安住。他彻底了知:“生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不受后有。”这样,具寿赖吒和罗便成为一位阿拉汉。
Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto uṭṭhahitvā balaṃ gāhetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘anuññāto ahaṃ, bhante, mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Pabbājetu maṃ bhagavā’’ti. Alattha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā acirūpasampanne āyasmante raṭṭhapāle aḍḍhamāsūpasampanne thullakoṭṭhike yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena sāvatthi tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā raṭṭhapālo arahataṃ ahosi.
于是,赖吒和罗尊者前往世尊那里。到了之后,他礼敬世尊,然后退坐一面。退坐一面后,赖吒和罗尊者对世尊这样说:“尊者,我想去见我的父母,如果世尊您允许的话。”那时,世尊以自己的心遍察赖吒和罗尊者的心,并作意观察。因为世尊了知:“族姓子赖吒和罗不可能放弃修学,退堕到低位去”,于是世尊对赖吒和罗尊者这样说:“赖吒和罗,你觉得是时候,就可以去做。”于是,赖吒和罗尊者从座起身,礼敬世尊后,右绕作礼,收拾好坐卧处,拿着衣钵,向土喇果帝咖方向游行去了。他一路次第游行,便抵达了土喇果帝咖。在那里,赖吒和罗尊者住在土喇果帝咖,拘牢婆王的鹿园。那时,在一个上午,赖吒和罗尊者穿好下衣,拿着衣钵,进入土喇果帝咖村去托钵。他在土喇果帝咖村次第挨家托钵,走到了自己父亲的家。那时,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲正在中间的门廊理发。赖吒和罗尊者的父亲看到赖吒和罗尊者从远处走来。看见之后,他这样说:“就是这些秃头沙门,让我的独生子,那个可爱可意的儿子出了家。”于是,赖吒和罗尊者在自己的父亲家里,既没有得到布施,也没有得到明确的拒绝,反而只得到了辱骂。那时,赖吒和罗尊者的一位亲戚女仆,正打算把前一天的粥倒掉。于是,赖吒和罗尊者对那位亲戚女仆说:“大姐,如果那是该倒掉的东西,就倒在我这钵里吧。”那时,赖吒和罗尊者的亲戚女仆正在把那前一天的粥倒进赖吒和罗尊者的钵里时,她认出了他手、脚和声音的特征。
Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bhante, mātāpitaro uddassetuṃ, sace maṃ bhagavā anujānātī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa cetasā ceto paricca manasākāsi. Yathā bhagavā aññāsi – ‘‘abhabbo kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattitu’’nti, atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yassadāni tvaṃ, raṭṭhapāla, kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena thullakoṭṭhikaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena thullakoṭṭhiko tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā raṭṭhapālo thullakoṭṭhike viharati rañño korabyassa migacīre. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya thullakoṭṭhikaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Thullakoṭṭhike sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena sakapitu nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā majjhimāya dvārasālāya ullikhāpeti. Addasā kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna etadavoca – ‘‘imehi muṇḍakehi samaṇakehi amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo pabbājito’’ti . Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo sakapitu nivesane neva dānaṃ alattha na paccakkhānaṃ; aññadatthu akkosameva alattha. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa ñātidāsī ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ chaḍḍetukāmā hoti. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo taṃ ñātidāsiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sacetaṃ, bhagini, chaḍḍanīyadhammaṃ, idha me patte ākirā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa ñātidāsī taṃ ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa patte ākirantī hatthānañca pādānañca sarassa ca nimittaṃ aggahesi.
300那时,赖吒和罗尊者的那位亲戚女仆,便前往赖吒和罗尊者的母亲那里。到了之后,她对赖吒和罗尊者的母亲这样说道:“女主人,您可知晓?您的儿子赖吒和罗少爷回来了。”她说:“若你所言属实,我便让你做自由人。”于是,赖吒和罗尊者的母亲便前往赖吒和罗尊者的父亲那里。到了之后,她对赖吒和罗尊者的父亲这样说道:“家主,您可知晓?听说族姓子赖吒和罗回来了!”而那时,赖吒和罗尊者正靠着一面墙壁,在食用前一天的粥。于是,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲便前往赖吒和罗尊者那里。到了之后,他对赖吒和罗尊者这样说道:“我的孩子赖吒和罗,你怎么在食用隔夜的粥呢?我的孩子赖吒和罗,何不回自己家去呢?”“居士,我们这些由在家而出家、过着无家生活的人,哪里还有自己的家呢?居士,我们已是无家之人了。居士,我去过你家,在那里,我既未得到布施,也未得到明确的拒绝,只换来了辱骂。”“来吧,我的孩子赖吒和罗,我们回家吧。”“够了,居士,我今日的饮食已用过了。”“那么,我的孩子赖吒和罗,请您应允明日的午餐吧。”赖吒和罗尊者默然应允。那时,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲,知道尊者已经应允后,便回到自己的住处。到了之后,他命人堆起一大堆金银财宝,用席子覆盖起来,然后对赖吒和罗尊者从前的妻子们这样吩咐道:“来吧,媳妇们,你们从前以哪套装饰打扮起来时,族姓子赖吒和罗喜爱中意,现在便以那套装饰打扮起来。”
Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa ñātidāsī yenāyasmato raṭṭhapālassa mātā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa mātaraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yaggheyye, jāneyyāsi – ‘ayyaputto raṭṭhapālo anuppatto’’’ti. ‘‘Sace, je, saccaṃ bhaṇasi, adāsiṃ taṃ karomī’’ti . Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa mātā yenāyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitaraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yagghe, gahapati, jāneyyāsi – ‘raṭṭhapālo kira kulaputto anuppatto’’’ti? Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā raṭṭhapālo taṃ ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ aññataraṃ kuṭṭamūlaṃ nissāya paribhuñjati. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā yenāyasmā raṭṭhapālo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nāma, tāta raṭṭhapāla, ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ paribhuñjissasi? Nanu, tāta raṭṭhapāla, sakaṃ gehaṃ gantabba’’nti? ‘‘Kuto no, gahapati, amhākaṃ gehaṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitānaṃ? Anagārā mayaṃ, gahapati. Agamamha kho te, gahapati, gehaṃ, tattha neva dānaṃ alatthamha na paccakkhānaṃ; aññadatthu akkosameva alatthamhā’’ti. ‘‘Ehi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, gharaṃ gamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gahapati, kataṃ me ajja bhattakiccaṃ’’. ‘‘Tena hi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, adhivāsehi svātanāya bhatta’’nti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa adhivāsanaṃ viditvā yena sakaṃ nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mahantaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa puñjaṃ kārāpetvā kilañjehi paṭicchādetvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa purāṇadutiyikā āmantesi – ‘‘etha tumhe, vadhuyo, yena alaṅkārena alaṅkatā pubbe raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa piyā hotha manāpā tena alaṅkārena alaṅkarothā’’ti.
301那夜过后,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲在自己家中,备好了丰盛的可嚼食与可吃食,然后告知赖吒和罗尊者时辰已到:“时候到了,我的孩子赖吒和罗,饭食已经备好。”那时,赖吒和罗尊者在午前时分,着好下衣,持钵与衣,来到自己父亲的家。到达后,在已铺好的座位上坐下。那时,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲让人掀开那堆金银财宝,对赖吒和罗尊者说道:“我的孩子赖吒和罗,这是你母系的财富,那边是父系的,还有祖上的。我的孩子赖吒和罗,你既能享受财富,又能积造福德,两者可以并行。来吧,我的孩子赖吒和罗,你还俗回来,享受财富,修积功德吧。”“居士,若您愿听从我的话语,便请将这堆金银财宝装上车子,运去倾倒在恒河中央。何以故?居士,因为以此为缘,您会生起忧愁、悲伤、痛苦、忧恼与绝望。”“少爷,您是为了怎样的天女,才来修梵行呢?她们究竟是何等样貌?”赖吒和罗尊者往昔的妻子们,一个个抱住他的双足,如此问道。“姐妹们,我们并非为了天女而修梵行。”“我们的赖吒和罗少爷竟称我们为‘姐妹’了!”她们说完此话,当时便昏倒在地。于是,赖吒和罗尊者对父亲说:“居士,若要供养饮食,便请供养;莫再令我们困扰了。”“请用吧,我的孩子赖吒和罗,饭食已经备好。”于是,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲亲手以丰盛的可嚼食与可吃食,使赖吒和罗尊者吃饱喝足,直至他满意为止。
Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa kālaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘kālo, tāta raṭṭhapāla, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sakapitu nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā taṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa puñjaṃ vivarāpetvā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ te, tāta raṭṭhapāla, mātu mattikaṃ dhanaṃ, aññaṃ pettikaṃ, aññaṃ pitāmahaṃ. Sakkā, tāta raṭṭhapāla, bhoge ca bhuñjituṃ puññāni ca kātuṃ. Ehi tvaṃ, tāta raṭṭhapāla , hīnāyāvattitvā bhoge ca bhuñjassu puññāni ca karohī’’ti. ‘‘Sace me tvaṃ, gahapati, vacanaṃ kareyyāsi, imaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa puñjaṃ sakaṭe āropetvā nibbāhāpetvā majjhegaṅgāya nadiyā sote opilāpeyyāsi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ye uppajjissanti hi te, gahapati, tatonidānaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa purāṇadutiyikā paccekaṃ pādesu gahetvā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kīdisā nāma tā, ayyaputta, accharāyo yāsaṃ tvaṃ hetu brahmacariyaṃ carasī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho mayaṃ, bhaginī, accharānaṃ hetu brahmacariyaṃ carāmā’’ti. ‘‘Bhaginivādena no ayyaputto raṭṭhapālo samudācaratī’’ti tā tattheva mucchitā papatiṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo pitaraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sace, gahapati, bhojanaṃ dātabbaṃ, detha; mā no viheṭhethā’’ti. ‘‘Bhuñja, tāta raṭṭhapāla, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.
302那时,赖吒和罗尊者饭食已讫,手已离钵,便立在当地说了这些偈颂:
Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo bhuttāvī onītapattapāṇī ṭhitakova imā gāthā abhāsi –
请看这精心装扮的傀儡,无非疮痍积聚之身;
此身多病、多诸寻思,无有恒常的安住。
看这宝石耳环装扮的光鲜色身;
它不过是骨骸蒙皮,凭衣服而显光鲜。
猎人设下陷阱,鹿儿未触发那机关;
食过诱饵我们便离去,任凭捕鹿人独自哭泣。
‘‘Passa cittīkataṃ bimbaṃ, arukāyaṃ samussitaṃ; Āturaṃ bahusaṅkappaṃ, yassa natthi dhuvaṃ ṭhiti. ‘‘Passa cittīkataṃ rūpaṃ, maṇinā kuṇḍalena ca; Aṭṭhi tacena onaddhaṃ, saha vatthebhi sobhati. ‘‘Alattakakatā pādā, mukhaṃ cuṇṇakamakkhitaṃ; Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino. ‘‘Aṭṭhāpadakatā kesā, nettā añjanamakkhitā; Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino. ‘‘Añjanīva navā cittā, pūtikāyo alaṅkato; Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino. ‘‘Odahi migavo pāsaṃ, nāsadā vākaraṃ migo; Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma , kandante migabandhake’’ti.
那时,尊者赖吒和罗立于原地,说毕此偈,便往拘牢婆王的鹿园走去。抵达后,他于一棵树下作日间禅坐。
Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo ṭhitakova imā gāthā bhāsitvā yena rañño korabyassa migacīraṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.
303那时,拘牢婆王对猎师说道:“猎师,我的好伙计,请整理好猎场那片游乐地,我们一同去观赏美景。”“遵命,大王。”猎师应答拘牢婆王之后,在整理猎场时,看见赖吒和罗尊者正于某棵树下为日间安住而坐。他看见之后,便前去谒见拘牢婆王,到了之后,对拘牢婆王这样说道:“大王,猎场已整理干净。这里有一位名为赖吒和罗的良家子,正是这土喇果帝咖城中上等家族之子,您时常称赞的那位,他正坐在那棵树下作日间静坐禅修。”“既然如此,猎师,我的好伙计,今日的游园就到此为止吧。现在,我当去礼敬那位赖吒和罗尊者。”于是,拘牢婆王说道:“把那边所有准备好的硬食与软食都撤去吧。”接着,他命人套好一辆辆精致华丽的车乘,而后登上一辆华丽的车,率领着一辆辆华丽的车乘,展现出浩荡的王者威仪,从土喇果帝咖出发,前去会见赖吒和罗尊者。乘车行至车所能到之处,便从车上下来,仅带着一众随从,徒步走向赖吒和罗尊者。走到近前,与赖吒和罗尊者互致亲切问候,彼此寒暄一番后,立于一旁。立于一旁的拘牢婆王对赖吒和罗尊者这样说道:“尊者赖吒和罗,请坐在这块象皮垫上吧。”“不必了,大王,您请坐,我已就坐于自己的座位。”拘牢婆王便在已为他铺好的座位上坐下。坐下之后,拘牢婆王对赖吒和罗尊者这样说道:
Atha kho rājā korabyo migavaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘sodhehi, samma migava, migacīraṃ uyyānabhūmiṃ; gacchāma subhūmiṃ dassanāyā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho migavo rañño korabyassa paṭissutvā migacīraṃ sodhento addasa āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisinnaṃ. Disvāna yena rājā korabyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṃ korabyaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘suddhaṃ kho te, deva, migacīraṃ. Atthi cettha raṭṭhapālo nāma kulaputto imasmiṃyeva thullakoṭṭhike aggakulassa putto yassa tvaṃ abhiṇhaṃ kittayamāno ahosi, so aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisinno’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, samma migava, alaṃ dānajja uyyānabhūmiyā. Tameva dāni mayaṃ bhavantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ payirupāsissāmā’’ti. Atha kho rājā korabyo ‘‘yaṃ tattha khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyattaṃ taṃ sabbaṃ vissajjethā’’ti vatvā bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni yojāpetvā bhadraṃ yānaṃ abhiruhitvā bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi thullakoṭṭhikamhā niyyāsi mahaccarājānubhāvena āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ dassanāya. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova ussaṭāya ussaṭāya parisāya yenāyasmā raṭṭhapālo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā raṭṭhapālena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho rājā korabyo āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha bhavaṃ raṭṭhapāla hatthatthare nisīdatū’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, mahārāja, nisīda tvaṃ; nisinno ahaṃ sake āsane’’ti. Nisīdi rājā korabyo paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho rājā korabyo āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca –
304“赖吒和罗先生,有四种衰损。世间有些人正是因为具足了这些衰损,才剃除须发,着袈裟衣,由在家而出家。哪四种呢?即:衰老的衰损、疾病的衰损、财富的衰损、亲属的衰损。赖吒和罗先生,什么是衰老的衰损呢?赖吒和罗先生,于此,有人年老、衰迈,年事已高,已到生命的暮年。他这样思惟:‘我如今已年老、衰迈,年事已高,已到生命的暮年。对我来说,想获得未得的财富,或让已得的财富增长,已非易事。不如我剃除须发,着袈裟衣,由在家而出家。’ 他正因具足这种衰老的衰损,而剃除须发,着袈裟衣,由在家而出家。赖吒和罗先生,这便称为衰老的衰损。然而,赖吒和罗尊者您现在还年轻,正值青春年少,头发乌黑,拥有美好的青春,正当人生的第一阶段。您并没有这种衰老的衰损。您是知道了什么、看见了什么,还是听闻了什么,才由在家而出家的呢?
‘‘Cattārimāni, bho raṭṭhapāla, pārijuññāni yehi pārijuññehi samannāgatā idhekacce kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti. Katamāni cattāri? Jarāpārijuññaṃ, byādhipārijuññaṃ, bhogapārijuññaṃ, ñātipārijuññaṃ. Katamañca, bho raṭṭhapāla, jarāpārijuññaṃ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla , ekacco jiṇṇo hoti vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ khomhi etarahi jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṃ anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigantuṃ adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ . Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So tena jarāpārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Idaṃ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, jarāpārijuññaṃ. Bhavaṃ kho pana raṭṭhapālo etarahi daharo yuvā susukāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā. Taṃ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa jarāpārijuññaṃ natthi. Kiṃ bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito?
“赖吒和罗先生,什么是疾病的衰损呢?赖吒和罗先生,于此,有人多病、痛苦、患有重疾。他这样思惟:‘我如今多病、痛苦、患有重疾。对我来说,想获得未得的财富,或让已得的财富增长,已非易事。不如我剃除须发,着袈裟衣,由在家而出家。’ 他正因具足这种疾病的衰损,而剃除须发,着袈裟衣,由在家而出家。赖吒和罗先生,这便称为疾病的衰损。然而,赖吒和罗尊者您现在无病无患,消化良好,既不过冷,也不过热。您并没有这种疾病的衰损。您是知道了什么、看见了什么,还是听闻了什么,才由在家而出家的呢?
‘‘Katamañca, bho raṭṭhapāla, byādhipārijuññaṃ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, ekacco ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ khomhi etarahi ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṃ anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigantuṃ adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ . Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So tena byādhipārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Idaṃ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, byādhipārijuññaṃ. Bhavaṃ kho pana raṭṭhapālo etarahi appābādho appātaṅko samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya. Taṃ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa byādhipārijuññaṃ natthi. Kiṃ bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito?
赖吒和罗尊者,何谓财富的衰损?于此,赖吒和罗尊者,有人从前富有,拥有大财富、大资产。后来,他的那些财富逐渐损耗殆尽。他如此思惟:‘我从前富有,拥有大财富、大资产。如今,这些财富已逐渐损耗殆尽。而我要想获得未得的财富,或使已得的财富增长,已非易事。不如我剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家而出家吧。’他便因这财富的衰损,剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家而出家。赖吒和罗尊者,这便称为财富的衰损。然而,赖吒和罗尊者,您本就是这土喇果帝咖最显赫家族的儿子。赖吒和罗尊者,您并无这样的财富的衰损。您是知道了什么、见到了什么,还是听到了什么,才从在家而出家的呢?
‘‘Katamañca , bho raṭṭhapāla, bhogapārijuññaṃ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, ekacco aḍḍho hoti mahaddhano mahābhogo. Tassa te bhogā anupubbena parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ kho pubbe aḍḍho ahosiṃ mahaddhano mahābhogo. Tassa me te bhogā anupubbena parikkhayaṃ gatā. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṃ anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigantuṃ adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So tena bhogapārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Idaṃ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhogapārijuññaṃ. Bhavaṃ kho pana raṭṭhapālo imasmiṃyeva thullakoṭṭhike aggakulassa putto. Taṃ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa bhogapārijuññaṃ natthi. Kiṃ bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito?
赖吒和罗尊者,何为亲属的衰损呢?尊者,在此,有人先前拥有众多朋友、同僚、血亲族人。后来,他的那些亲属渐次零落。他如此思惟:‘我从前拥有众多朋友、同僚、血亲族人,如今那些亲属已渐次零落。想求得未得的财富,或令已得增长,都非易事。我何不剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家而出家呢?’他便因为具足这种亲属的衰损,剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家而出家。赖吒和罗尊者,这便称为亲属的衰损。然而,尊者您在这土喇果帝咖仍有众多朋友、同僚、血亲族人,并无这种亲属的衰损。您是知见了什么、看见了什么,还是听闻了什么,才从在家而出家的呢?
‘‘Katamañca , bho raṭṭhapāla, ñātipārijuññaṃ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, ekaccassa bahū honti mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā. Tassa te ñātakā anupubbena parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘mamaṃ kho pubbe bahū ahesuṃ mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā. Tassa me te anupubbena parikkhayaṃ gatā. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṃ anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigantuṃ adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So tena ñātipārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Idaṃ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, ñātipārijuññaṃ. Bhoto kho pana raṭṭhapālassa imasmiṃyeva thullakoṭṭhike bahū mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā. Taṃ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa ñātipārijuññaṃ natthi. Kiṃ bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito?
“赖吒和罗尊者,这便是四种衰损。有人正是因为具足这些衰损,才剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家而出家。然而尊者您并没有这些衰损。您是知见了什么、看见了什么,还是听闻了什么,才从在家而出家的呢?”
‘‘Imāni kho, bho raṭṭhapāla, cattāri pārijuññāni, yehi pārijuññehi samannāgatā idhekacce kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti. Tāni bhoto raṭṭhapālassa natthi. Kiṃ bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti?
305“大王,那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊,确实宣说了四个法义纲要。我正是由于了知、亲见并听闻了这些,才从在家生活出家,进入无家的生活。是哪四个呢?‘世间迫迁不定,了无恒久’——大王,这是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所宣说的第一个法义纲要,我正是由于了知、亲见并听闻了它,才从在家生活出家,进入无家的生活。‘世间无有救护,亦无依怙’——大王,这是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所宣说的第二个法义纲要,我正是由于了知、亲见并听闻了它,才从在家生活出家,进入无家的生活。‘世间无有归属,一切皆须舍离而逝’——大王,这是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所宣说的第三个法义纲要,我正是由于了知、亲见并听闻了它,才从在家生活出家,进入无家的生活。‘世间常感匮乏,无有餍足,是渴爱的奴仆’——大王,这是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所宣说的第四个法义纲要,我正是由于了知、亲见并听闻了它,才从在家生活出家,进入无家的生活。大王,这就是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所宣说的四个法义纲要。我正是由于了知、亲见并听闻了这些,才从在家生活出家,进入无家的生活。”
‘‘Atthi kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cattāro dhammuddesā uddiṭṭhā, ye ahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Katame cattāro? ‘Upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena paṭhamo dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. ‘Atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dutiyo dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. ‘Assako loko, sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīya’nti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena tatiyo dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. ‘Ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena catuttho dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Ime kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cattāro dhammuddesā uddiṭṭhā, ye ahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti.
306“‘世间为老死所迫,并非恒久’——尊者赖吒和罗曾这样说。赖吒和罗尊者,这句话的含义应如何理解?”“大王,你以为如何?在你二十来岁、二十五来岁的时候,你是否精通骑象、精通骑马、精通驾车、精通射箭、精通刀剑,大腿强健、手臂有力,完全能胜任战场?”“赖吒和罗尊者,我二十来岁、二十五来岁时,确实精通骑象、精通骑马、精通驾车、精通射箭、精通刀剑,大腿强健、手臂有力,完全能胜任战场。有时我甚至觉得自己仿佛有了神通,竟找不到力量能与我不相上下的人。”“大王,你以为如何?现在的你,还是那样大腿强健、手臂有力,完全能胜任战场吗?”“不是了,赖吒和罗尊者。如今我已老迈、衰朽,年事已高,岁月流逝,到了生命的最后阶段,已经八十岁了。有时我心想‘我要把脚放在这里’,脚却落到了别的地方。”“大王,这正是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所指明的——‘世间为老死所迫,并非恒久’。我正是了知于此、亲见于此、听闻于此,才舍离在家生活,出家过起了无家的生活。”“真是稀有啊,赖吒和罗尊者!真是不可思议啊,赖吒和罗尊者!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所说的这席话——‘世间为老死所迫,并非恒久’。确实,赖吒和罗尊者,世间为老死所迫,并非恒久啊。”
‘‘‘Upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti – bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa , bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti? ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, tvaṃ vīsativassuddesikopi paṇṇavīsativassuddesikopi hatthismimpi katāvī assasmimpi katāvī rathasmimpi katāvī dhanusmimpi katāvī tharusmimpi katāvī ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro’’ti? ‘‘Ahosiṃ ahaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, vīsativassuddesikopi paṇṇavīsativassuddesikopi hatthismimpi katāvī assasmimpi katāvī rathasmimpi katāvī dhanusmimpi katāvī tharusmimpi katāvī ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro. Appekadāhaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, iddhimāva maññe na attano balena samasamaṃ samanupassāmī’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, evameva tvaṃ etarahi ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla. Etarahi jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto āsītiko me vayo vattati. Appekadāhaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, ‘idha pādaṃ karissāmī’ti aññeneva pādaṃ karomī’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti. ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti. Upaniyyati hi , bho raṭṭhapāla, loko addhuvo.
“赖吒和罗尊者,我这王族也有象军、马军、车军、步军。当我们遭遇危难时,这些军队便会为保护我们而战。然而,您却说‘世间没有保护者,没有主人’。赖吒和罗尊者,这句话的含义又当如何理解呢?”“大王,您觉得如何?您是否有某种慢性疾病?”“赖吒和罗尊者,我有慢性疾病。有时,赖吒和罗尊者,我的朋友、同僚、亲戚与血亲会围聚在我身旁,心想:‘拘牢婆王即将辞世,拘牢婆王即将辞世。’”“大王,您觉得如何?您是否能对那些朋友、同僚、亲戚与血亲这样说:‘诸位朋友、同僚、亲戚与血亲,请都到这里来,在场诸位,请共同分担我这痛苦的感受,好让我的痛苦减轻少许’?抑或,您只能独自一人承受这种感受?”“赖吒和罗尊者,我不能对那些朋友、同僚、亲戚与血亲这样说:‘诸位朋友、同僚、亲戚与血亲,请都到这里来,在场诸位,请共同分担我这痛苦的感受,好让我的痛苦减轻少许。’我只能独自一人承受这种感受。”“大王,这正是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所指而说的——‘世间没有保护者,没有主人’。我正是因为了知了它、见到了它、听闻了它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。”“真是稀有啊,赖吒和罗尊者!真是不可思议啊,赖吒和罗尊者!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所说的这句话——‘世间没有保护者,没有主人’,说得实在太好了。赖吒和罗尊者,世间确实没有保护者,没有主人。”
‘‘Saṃvijjante kho, bho raṭṭhapāla, imasmiṃ rājakule hatthikāyāpi assakāyāpi rathakāyāpi pattikāyāpi, amhākaṃ āpadāsu pariyodhāya vattissanti. ‘Atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti – bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa pana, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti? ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, atthi te koci anusāyiko ābādho’’ti? ‘‘Atthi me, bho raṭṭhapāla, anusāyiko ābādho. Appekadā maṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā parivāretvā ṭhitā honti – ‘idāni rājā korabyo kālaṃ karissati, idāni rājā korabyo kālaṃ karissatī’’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, labhasi tvaṃ te mittāmacce ñātisālohite – ‘āyantu me bhonto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā, sabbeva santā imaṃ vedanaṃ saṃvibhajatha, yathāhaṃ lahukatarikaṃ vedanaṃ vediyeyya’nti – udāhu tvaṃyeva taṃ vedanaṃ vediyasī’’ti? ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, labhāmi te mittāmacce ñātisālohite – ‘āyantu me bhonto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā, sabbeva santā imaṃ vedanaṃ saṃvibhajatha, yathāhaṃ lahukatarikaṃ vedanaṃ vediyeyya’nti. Atha kho ahameva taṃ vedanaṃ vediyāmī’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti. ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti. Atāṇo hi, bho raṭṭhapāla, loko anabhissaro.
“赖吒和罗尊者,我这王宫中拥有大量金银财宝,有的藏在地下,有的藏在楼上。然而您却说:‘世间无有属于自己之物,一切皆须舍弃而去。’赖吒和罗尊者,这句话的意思该如何理解呢?”“大王,你如何认为?你现在正具足且享受着五种欲功德,你能否在来世也这样说:‘我同样具足并享受着这五种欲功德’?还是说,别人将会接手这些财富,而你却随你所造的业而去?”“赖吒和罗尊者,我现在虽然具足并享受着五种欲功德,却不能在来世也这样说:‘我同样具足并享受着这五种欲功德。’别人将会接手这些财富,而我将随我所造的业而去。”“大王,这正是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者、世尊所指而说的——‘世间无有属于自己之物,一切皆须舍弃而去’。我正是因为了知它、见到它、听闻它,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。”“真是殊胜啊,赖吒和罗尊者!真是不可思议,赖吒和罗尊者!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者、世尊所说的这句话——‘世间无有属于自己之物,一切皆须舍弃而”
‘‘Saṃvijjati kho, bho raṭṭhapāla, imasmiṃ rājakule pahūtaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ bhūmigatañca vehāsagatañca. ‘Assako loko, sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīya’nti – bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa pana, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti? ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, yathā tvaṃ etarahi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāresi, lacchasi tvaṃ paratthāpi – ‘evamevāhaṃ imeheva pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāremī’ti, udāhu aññe imaṃ bhogaṃ paṭipajjissanti, tvaṃ pana yathākammaṃ gamissasī’’ti? ‘‘Yathāhaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, etarahi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāremi, nāhaṃ lacchāmi paratthāpi – ‘evameva imeheva pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāremī’ti. Atha kho aññe imaṃ bhogaṃ paṭipajjissanti; ahaṃ pana yathākammaṃ gamissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘assako loko, sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīya’nti, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti. ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘assako loko , sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīya’nti . Assako hi, bho raṭṭhapāla, loko sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīyaṃ.
“世间是不足的、不满足的,是渴爱的奴隶。”——这是尊者赖吒和罗所说。赖吒和罗尊者,请问这句话的含义应如何理解?”
“大王,您意下如何?您所统御的俱卢国,是否繁荣昌盛?”
“是的,赖吒和罗尊者,我所统御的俱卢国,确实繁荣昌盛。”
“大王,您怎么想?假如从东方来了一人,既可信,又可靠。他来见您,对您这样说:‘大王,您应当知道:我从东方来。在那里,我看见一个广大的国家,富足而繁荣,人口众多,民众密集。那里象军、马军、车军、步军十分庞大;那里钱财与谷物极为丰足;那里已加工和未经加工的金银大量积聚;那里还有众多女子可供享用。以您现有的这些兵力,足以征服它。大王,去征服它吧!’您会怎么办?”
“赖吒和罗尊者,那么我也会去征服它,并在那里安住。”
“大王,您怎么想?假如从西方来了一人……从北方来了一人……从南方来了一人……从海的彼岸来了一人,可信、可靠。他来见您,对您这样说:‘大王,您应当知道:我从海的彼岸来。在那里,我看见一个广大的国家,富足而繁荣,人口众多,民众密集。那里象军、马军、车军、步军十分庞大;那里钱财与谷物极为丰足;那里已加工和未经加工的金银大量积聚;那里还有众多女子可供享用。以您现有的这些兵力,足以征服它。大王,去征服它吧!’您会怎么办?”
“赖吒和罗尊者,那么我也会去征服它,并在那里安住。”
“大王,这正是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所明示的——‘世间是不足的、不满足的,是渴爱的奴隶’。我正是了知了这一点、见到了这一点、听闻了这一点之后,才从在家生活出家,过着无家的生活。”
“实在稀有,赖吒和罗尊者!实在不可思议,赖吒和罗尊者!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所言说的——‘世间是不足的、不满足的,是渴爱的奴隶’,说得真是善妙。赖吒和罗尊者,世间确实是不足的、不满足的,是渴爱的奴隶。”
‘‘‘Ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti – bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti? ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, phītaṃ kuruṃ ajjhāvasasī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, phītaṃ kuruṃ ajjhāvasāmī’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, idha puriso āgaccheyya puratthimāya disāya saddhāyiko paccayiko. So taṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘yagghe, mahārāja, jāneyyāsi, ahaṃ āgacchāmi puratthimāya disāya? Tatthaddasaṃ mahantaṃ janapadaṃ iddhañceva phītañca bahujanaṃ ākiṇṇamanussaṃ. Bahū tattha hatthikāyā assakāyā rathakāyā pattikāyā; bahu tattha dhanadhaññaṃ ; bahu tattha hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ akatañceva katañca; bahu tattha itthipariggaho. Sakkā ca tāvatakeneva balamattena abhivijinituṃ. Abhivijina, mahārājā’ti, kinti naṃ kareyyāsī’’ti? ‘‘Tampi mayaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abhivijiya ajjhāvaseyyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, idha puriso āgaccheyya pacchimāya disāya… uttarāya disāya… dakkhiṇāya disāya… parasamuddato saddhāyiko paccayiko. So taṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘yagghe, mahārāja, jāneyyāsi, ahaṃ āgacchāmi parasamuddato? Tatthaddasaṃ mahantaṃ janapadaṃ iddhañceva phītañca bahujanaṃ ākiṇṇamanussaṃ. Bahū tattha hatthikāyā assakāyā rathakāyā pattikāyā; bahu tattha dhanadhaññaṃ; bahu tattha hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ akatañceva katañca; bahu tattha itthipariggaho. Sakkā ca tāvatakeneva balamattena abhivijinituṃ. Abhivijina, mahārājā’ti, kinti naṃ kareyyāsī’’ti? ‘‘Tampi mayaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abhivijiya ajjhāvaseyyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti. ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti. Ūno hi, bho raṭṭhapāla, loko atitto taṇhādāso’’ti.
尊者赖吒和罗说了这些。说完之后,他又接着说道:
Idamavoca āyasmā raṭṭhapālo. Idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca –
我见世间拥有财富之人,
虽得财富,却因愚痴不肯施与;
他们贪吝财物,不断积聚,
愈发渴求更多的感官欲乐。
国王以武力征服大地,
统治着以海为界的辽阔大地,居住于此。
国王与众多人们,皆复如是,
渴爱未尽,便走向死亡;
犹如匮乏之人,弃舍此身;
世间欲乐,实无满足。
亲人们哭泣着,披散头发,
悲叹道:‘哀哉!我们永别了!’
他们用布将遗体裹好,抬送出去。
世间那些因痴迷而不施舍已得财物之人,贪吝积藏,渴求更多感官欲乐;
那以武力征服大地,统治山海之间的国王,却不知满足于近岸之所得,
或仅着一布衣,便将财富尽数舍弃。
财富不能换取长寿,钱财也不能驱除衰老;
智者说:此生短暂,无常,是变坏之法。
富人与穷人都会经历此触,
愚者与智者同样为触所及;
愚者却因愚痴而倒卧,犹如被击伤;
智者虽为触所及,却不颤抖。
因此,智慧远胜于财富,
依此智慧,能于当生证得灭尽;
凡愚之人未达究竟,于诸有之中,
由愚痴而造作恶业。
他进入母胎与他方世间,
进入轮回后,辗转相续;
那位少慧者对此深信不疑。
犹如盗贼在破门处被擒,
造恶者,为自身所造之业所惩罚;
同样地,众生命终之后,于他世之中,
造恶者,为自身所造之业所惩罚。
欲乐确实多彩、甜蜜而悦意,
以种种姿貌扰乱着心;
当见到感官欲乐的过患时,
因此,我出家了,大王。
人们犹如树上的果实,纷纷坠落,
无论年幼还是年长,身体都会崩解,
大王,见此之后,我便出家了。
‘‘Passāmi loke sadhane manusse, Laddhāna vittaṃ na dadanti mohā; Luddhā dhanaṃ sannicayaṃ karonti, Bhiyyova kāme abhipatthayanti. ‘‘Rājā pasayhā pathaviṃ vijitvā, Sasāgarantaṃ mahimāvasanto ; Oraṃ samuddassa atittarūpo, Pāraṃ samuddassapi patthayetha. ‘‘Rājā ca aññe ca bahū manussā, Avītataṇhā maraṇaṃ upenti; Ūnāva hutvāna jahanti dehaṃ, Kāmehi lokamhi na hatthi titti. ‘‘Kandanti naṃ ñātī pakiriya kese, Ahovatā no amarāti cāhu; Vatthena naṃ pārutaṃ nīharitvā, Citaṃ samādāya tatoḍahanti. ‘‘So ḍayhati sūlehi tujjamāno, Ekena vatthena pahāya bhoge; Na mīyamānassa bhavanti tāṇā, Ñātīdha mittā atha vā sahāyā. ‘‘Dāyādakā tassa dhanaṃ haranti, Satto pana gacchati yena kammaṃ; Na mīyamānaṃ dhanamanveti kiñci, Puttā ca dārā ca dhanañca raṭṭhaṃ. ‘‘Na dīghamāyuṃ labhate dhanena, na cāpi vittena jaraṃ vihanti; Appaṃ hidaṃ jīvitamāhu dhīrā, asassataṃ vippariṇāmadhammaṃ. ‘‘Aḍḍhā daliddā ca phusanti phassaṃ, Bālo ca dhīro ca tatheva phuṭṭho; Bālo ca bālyā vadhitova seti, Dhīro ca na vedhati phassaphuṭṭho. ‘‘Tasmā hi paññāva dhanena seyyo, Yāya vosānamidhādhigacchati; Abyositattā hi bhavābhavesu, Pāpāni kammāni karonti mohā. ‘‘Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ, Saṃsāramāpajja paramparāya; Tassappapañño abhisaddahanto, Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ. ‘‘Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahito, Sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo; Evaṃ pajā pecca paramhi loke, Sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo. ‘‘Kāmāhi citrā madhurā manoramā, Virūparūpena mathenti cittaṃ; Ādīnavaṃ kāmaguṇesu disvā, Tasmā ahaṃ pabbajitomhi rāja. ‘‘Dumapphalāneva patanti māṇavā, Daharā ca vuḍḍhā ca sarīrabhedā; Etampi disvā pabbajitomhi rāja, Apaṇṇakaṃ sāmaññameva seyyo’’ti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Bhagavā | 世尊 | 导师 |
| Raṭṭhapāla | 赖吒和罗 | 族姓子,求度者,后成阿拉汉 |
| Raṭṭhapālassa mātāpitaro | 赖吒和罗的父母 | 在家居士,父为婆罗门或长者 |
| Raṭṭhapālassa mittāmaccā | 赖吒和罗的朋友们 | 劝解者 |
| Raṭṭhapālassa ñātidāsī | 赖吒和罗的亲戚女仆 | 施粥者,发现者 |
| Korabyo rājā | 拘牢婆王 | 国王,提问者 |
| Thullakoṭṭhitakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā | 土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士 | 闻法者 |
地点
佛陀游行至俱卢国的土喇果帝咖村说法;后移住舍卫城祇树给孤独园;赖吒和罗成道后,返回土喇果帝咖,住在拘牢婆王的鹿园。
事件
佛陀在土喇果帝咖说法,族姓子赖吒和罗闻法后心生出家之念。因父母强烈反对且不与食,赖吒和罗以绝食相求,经友人斡旋,父母有条件地同意,允其出家后回来看望。赖吒和罗在世尊座下出家,不久证得阿拉汉果。他禀明佛陀后,回乡托钵,历遭父亲辱骂、以弃粥为食等磨难。后来,拘牢婆王前来拜访,听闻赖吒和罗尊者开示其出家的四个核心动因。
经文摘要
闻法生信(A)→ 绝食求度(B)→ 证阿拉汉(C)→ 回乡磨砺并以此四法开示国王(D)。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解)
1. 背景:求道的决心与世俗的羁绊
这篇经首先给我们展现了一个少年面对人生终极问题时的决绝。赖吒和罗是顶级富二代,生活只有乐没有苦。但他听了佛陀的法后,敏锐地意识到在家生活这种纠缠的状态,根本没法完成像“磨光的贝壳”那样极致纯粹的梵行。他父母的两难也很真实:谁能舍得独子出家?这时候,赖吒和罗用了极端手段——绝食。他说:“我要么死在这里,要么出家。”这不是任性要挟,而是在表达“这件事比我的命更重要”。
2. 核心:出家的四重动机——对世俗价值的彻底解构
当国王问他:“你这么年轻,没病没灾,家庭美满,为什么要出家?”赖吒和罗尊者的回答构成了全经的核心。他引用了佛陀的教导,提出了四个无解的命题,这四点像四根楔子,把人从世俗的美梦里敲醒:
- 第一:“世间无护、无主。” 赖吒和罗问国王:“你有老病死的风疾吗?疼的时候,能让亲友分担吗?”国王只能承认:“不能,我只能独自感受那个受。”
→ 拆开看:这里的“无护”不是指没人照顾,而是指在生命最根本的病痛与死亡降临时,没有任何人能替你承受,金钱买不通,亲情分不了担。在感受的层面,人是绝对孤独的。
- 第二:“世间无所有,应舍弃一切而去。” 他问国王:“你现在享受的荣华富贵能带到下一世吗?”国王说:“别人会接手我的财富,而我只随业力而去。”
→ 拆开看:我们总以为是财富的主宰者,其实只是临时的保管员。死的时候,一根针都带不走。这才是“无所有”的真相——财富是寄存,不是所有。
- 第三:“世间不足、不满足、渴爱的奴隶。” 他问国王:“如果此刻有人来报,还有新的富饶大洲可以征服,你会去吗?”国王毫不迟疑地说“我会征服并住在那里”。
→ 拆开看:哪怕已经坐拥一个繁荣的俱卢国,欲望的底是虚的,永远在找下一个目标。这是渴爱最可怕的运作方式——把得不到的当成出路,而人就成了欲望这条永动机的燃料。
- 第四:对“世俗智者”的讽刺贯穿始终。 国王一来就夸他四种无损失,尊者却说这些恰恰是出家的理由。这暗示,世俗追求的健康、财富、家庭圆满,在智者眼中却是无常、无所有与渴爱之苦的典型标本。
→ 一句话要旨: 出家不是逃避苦,而是看透了世间财富、情感、健康这些看似“有”的东西背后“无护、无所有、不满足”的本质后,做出的对生命真正出路的抉择。
关键术语锚
- loka → 世间:易错原因:在日常对话里是“世界/宇宙”的意思,但在这篇经文中,它更多指“世俗生活的经验世界”,尤其特指那种被渴爱和错误拥有感所笼罩的生存状态。“世间无护”的“世间”就是这个由五蕴组成的、每个人各自体验的感受世界。
- taṇhā → 渴爱:易错原因:容易被简化成“欲望”。在这篇经文里,“渴爱的奴隶”精准地指出,它是一种驱动性的、永不满足的瘾。“想要更多”是它的核心特征,国王坐拥一国还想征服他国,就是渴爱的完美注脚。
- ālaya → 家/执着:易错原因:表面上翻译为“家”,但它在深义上指“粘着处”或“住所”。“居家不容易行梵行”,其实是在说,对感官对象、对人际关系、对身份的粘着,是清净生活的障碍。“非家”就是从这个粘着系统中抽离出来。
- saddhā → 信:易错原因:常被误以为是盲目的信仰。赖吒和罗的“信”是有结构的:他先“了知世尊所说之法”(理智判断),再引发决绝行动(欲求与精进)。这种“信”是建立在对四法深刻认同基础上的生命方向,而非情感寄托。