122如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿马鲁迦子在独自静修时,心中生起这样的思惟:“世尊对于这些见解问题,搁置、拒绝、不予解答——‘世间是常’、‘世间是无常’、‘世间有边’、‘世间无边’、‘命即是身’、‘命与身异’、‘如来死后存在’、‘如来死后不存在’、‘如来死后既存在又不存在’、‘如来死后既非存在又非不存在’——世尊不为我解答这些。世尊不为我解答这些,这令我不悦,我不认可。我要到世尊那里去,问清其中的意义。如果世尊为我解答‘世间是常’或‘世间是无常’……乃至‘如来死后既非存在又非不存在’,我便在世尊座下修习梵行;如果世尊不为我解答‘世间是常’或‘世间是无常’……乃至‘如来死后既非存在又非不存在’,我便舍弃学处,回到低俗的在家生活。”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmato mālukyaputtassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘yānimāni diṭṭhigatāni bhagavatā abyākatāni ṭhapitāni paṭikkhittāni – ‘sassato loko’tipi, ‘asassato loko’tipi, ‘antavā loko’tipi, ‘anantavā loko’tipi, ‘taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’ntipi, ‘aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’ntipi, ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’tipi, ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’tipi, ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’tipi, ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’tipi – tāni me bhagavā na byākaroti. Yāni me bhagavā na byākaroti taṃ me na ruccati, taṃ me nakkhamati. Sohaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ pucchissāmi. Sace me bhagavā byākarissati – ‘sassato loko’ti vā ‘asassato loko’ti vā…pe… ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā – evāhaṃ bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ carissāmi; no ce me bhagavā byākarissati – ‘sassato loko’ti vā ‘asassato loko’ti vā…pe… ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā – evāhaṃ sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissāmī’’ti.
123那时,具寿马鲁迦子在傍晚时分从静修中出定,前往世尊所在之处。他顶礼世尊后,退坐一面。坐定之后,具寿马鲁迦子便对世尊这样说:
Atha kho āyasmā mālukyaputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mālukyaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
124“尊者,在此,当我独自静坐宴默时,心中生起这样的思惟:世尊对于那些落于见的种种论题,不作解答、搁置一旁、予以拒绝——'世间是常','世间是非常'……乃至'如来死后既非存在亦非不存在'——对这些,世尊都不为我解答。凡是世尊不为我解答的,我不认同,亦不堪受。我打算前去拜见世尊,问明此义。若世尊为我解答——说'世间是常'也好,说'世间是非常'也罢……乃至说'如来死后既非存在亦非不存在'——我便跟随世尊修习梵行。若世尊不为我解答——对'世间是常'也好,对'世间是非常'也罢……乃至对'如来死后既非存在亦非不存在'——那我便舍弃学处,退归俗世生活。若世尊确知'世间是常',就请世尊为我解答'世间是常';若世尊确知'世间是非常',就请世尊为我解答'世间是非常'。若世尊对'世间是常'或'世间是非常'不能确知,那么不知、不见者,理当正直而说:'我不知,我不见。'若世尊确知'世间有边'……若世尊确知'世间无边'……若世尊不能确知'世间有边'或'世间无边'……若世尊确知'生命即是身体'……若世尊确知'生命与身体相异'……若世尊不能确知'生命即是身体'或'生命与身体相异'……若世尊确知'如来死后存在'……若世尊确知'如来死后不存在'……若世尊不能确知'如来死后存在'或'如来死后不存在'……若世尊确知'如来死后既存在又不存在'……若世尊确知'如来死后既非存在也非不存在'……若世尊对'如来死后既存在又不存在'或'如来死后既非存在也非不存在'不能确知,那么不知、不见者,理当正直而说:'我不知,我不见。'”
‘‘Idha mayhaṃ, bhante, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – yānimāni diṭṭhigatāni bhagavatā abyākatāni ṭhapitāni paṭikkhittāni – ‘sassato loko’tipi, ‘asassato loko’tipi…pe… ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’tipi – tāni me bhagavā na byākaroti. Yāni me bhagavā na byākaroti taṃ me na ruccati, taṃ me nakkhamati. Sohaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ pucchissāmi. Sace me bhagavā byākarissati – ‘sassato loko’ti vā, ‘asassato loko’ti vā…pe… ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā – evāhaṃ bhagavati, brahmacariyaṃ carissāmi. No ce me bhagavā byākarissati – ‘sassato loko’ti vā, ‘asassato loko’ti vā…pe… ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā – evāhaṃ sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissāmīti. Sace bhagavā jānāti – ‘sassato loko’ti, ‘sassato loko’ti me bhagavā byākarotu; sace bhagavā jānāti – ‘asassato loko’ti, ‘asassato loko’ti me bhagavā byākarotu. No ce bhagavā jānāti – ‘sassato loko’ti vā, ‘asassato loko’ti vā, ajānato kho pana apassato etadeva ujukaṃ hoti yadidaṃ – ‘na jānāmi, na passāmī’ti. Sace bhagavā jānāti – ‘antavā loko’ti, ‘anantavā loko’ti me bhagavā byākarotu; sace bhagavā jānāti – ‘anantavā loko’ti, ‘anantavā loko’ti me bhagavā byākarotu. No ce bhagavā jānāti – ‘antavā loko’ti vā, ‘anantavā loko’ti vā, ajānato kho pana apassato etadeva ujukaṃ hoti yadidaṃ – ‘na jānāmi, na passāmī’ti. Sace bhagavā jānāti – ‘taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’nti, ‘taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’nti me bhagavā byākarotu; sace bhagavā jānāti – ‘aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’nti, ‘aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’nti me bhagavā byākarotu. No ce bhagavā jānāti – ‘taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’nti vā, ‘aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’nti vā, ajānato kho pana apassato etadeva ujukaṃ hoti yadidaṃ – ‘na jānāmi, na passāmī’ti. Sace bhagavā jānāti – ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti, ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti me bhagavā byākarotu; sace bhagavā jānāti – ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti, ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti me bhagavā byākarotu. No ce bhagavā jānāti – ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, ajānato kho pana apassato etadeva ujukaṃ hoti yadidaṃ – ‘na jānāmi na passāmī’ti. Sace bhagavā jānāti – ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti, ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti me bhagavā byākarotu; sace bhagavā jānāti – ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti, ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti me bhagavā byākarotu. No ce bhagavā jānāti – ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, ajānato kho pana apassato etadeva ujukaṃ hoti yadidaṃ – ‘na jānāmi, na passāmī’’’ti.
125“鬘童子,我可曾这样对你说过:‘来,鬘童子,你随我修习梵行,我便为你解说:世间是常还是无常?世间是有边还是无边?生命即是身体还是异于身体?如来死后存在、不存在、既存在又不存在、既非存在也非不存在?’” “尊者,并无此事。” “那么,你可曾这样对我说过:‘尊者,我愿随世尊修习梵行,世尊便会为我解说:世间是常还是无常?世间是有边还是无边?生命即是身体还是异于身体?如来死后存在、不存在、既存在又不存在、既非存在也非不存在?’” “尊者,并无此事。” “如此看来,鬘童子,我并未对你说:‘来,鬘童子,你随我修习梵行,我便为你解说……’;你也未曾对我说:‘尊者,我愿随世尊修习梵行,世尊便会为我解说……’。愚痴人,既然如此,你这是在舍弃谁,又欲退回何处呢?”
‘‘Kiṃ nu tāhaṃ, mālukyaputta, evaṃ avacaṃ – ‘ehi tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, mayi brahmacariyaṃ cara, ahaṃ te byākarissāmi – ‘sassato loko’ti vā, ‘asassato loko’ti vā, ‘antavā loko’ti vā, ‘anantavā loko’ti vā, ‘taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’nti vā, ‘aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’nti vā, ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Tvaṃ vā pana maṃ evaṃ avaca – ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ carissāmi , bhagavā me byākarissati – ‘sassato loko’ti vā, ‘asassato loko’ti vā, ‘antavā loko’ti vā, ‘anantavā loko’ti vā, ‘taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’nti vā, ‘aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’nti vā, ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Iti kira, mālukyaputta, nevāhaṃ taṃ vadāmi – ehi tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, mayi brahmacariyaṃ cara, ahaṃ te byākarissāmi – ‘sassato loko’ti vā, ‘asassato loko’ti vā…pe… ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti vā’ti; napi kira maṃ tvaṃ vadesi – ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ carissāmi, bhagavā me byākarissati – ‘sassato loko’ti vā ‘asassato loko’ti vā…pe… ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā’’ti. Evaṃ sante, moghapurisa, ko santo kaṃ paccācikkhasi?
126“鬘童子,倘若有人这样说:‘只要世尊还未为我记说——世间是常,还是无常;世间有边,还是无边;生命即是身体,还是与身体相异;如来死后存在,还是不存在,还是既存在又不存在,还是既非存在又非不存在——在这些问题未被解答之前,我决不依世尊修习梵行。’鬘童子,那未为如来所记说的事,仍将不得记说,而此人却已命终。鬘童子,恰如有人被一支涂满剧毒的箭所射伤。他的朋友、同伴、亲戚、族人会为他请来一位箭伤医生。他却这样说:‘在未弄清那个射伤我的人是刹帝利、婆罗门、吠舍还是首陀罗之前,我决不拔除此箭。’他又这样说:‘在未弄清那个射伤我的人是何名何姓之前,我决不拔除此箭。’他又这样说:‘在未弄清那个射伤我的人是高、是矮,还是中等身材之前,我决不拔除此箭。’他又这样说:‘在未弄清那个射伤我的人肤色是黑、是褐,还是金黄之前,我决不拔除此箭。’他又这样说:‘在未弄清那个射伤我的人住在哪一村、哪一镇、哪一城之前,我决不拔除此箭。’他又这样说:‘在未弄清那张射伤我的弓是普通弓还是弩之前,我决不拔除此箭。’他又这样说:‘在未弄清那条射伤我的弓弦是由阿咖树皮、芦苇、筋腱、大麻还是乳树皮所制之前,我决不拔除此箭。’他又这样说:‘在未弄清那支射伤我的箭杆是野生还是栽种之前,我决不拔除此箭。’他又这样说:‘在未弄清那支射伤我的箭翎取自秃鹫、苍鹭、鹰、孔雀还是蓑衣鸟的羽毛之前,我决不拔除此箭。’他又这样说:‘在未弄清那支射伤我的箭杆上所缠的筋取自牛、水牛、鹿还是猴子之前,我决不拔除此箭。’他又这样说:‘在未弄清那支射伤我的箭头是箭镞、剃刀箭、破甲箭、铁箭还是牛齿箭之前,我决不拔除此箭。’鬘童子,此人还未弄清这些,便已命终。鬘童子,与此全然相同,倘若有人这样说:‘只要世尊还未为我记说——世间是常,还是无常;世间有边,还是无边;生命即是身体,还是与身体相异;如来死后存在,还是不存在,还是既存在又不存在,还是既非存在又非不存在——在这些问题未被解答之前,我决不依世尊修习梵行。’鬘童子,那未为如来所记说的事,仍将不得记说,而此人却已命终。”
‘‘Yo kho, mālukyaputta, evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ carissāmi yāva me bhagavā na byākarissati – ‘‘sassato loko’’ti vā, ‘‘asassato loko’’ti vā…pe… ‘‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti vāti, abyākatameva taṃ, mālukyaputta, tathāgatena assa, atha so puggalo kālaṃ kareyya. Seyyathāpi, mālukyaputta, puriso sallena viddho assa savisena gāḷhapalepanena. Tassa mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā bhisakkaṃ sallakattaṃ upaṭṭhapeyyuṃ. So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ purisaṃ jānāmi yenamhi viddho, khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā vesso vā suddo vā’ti; so evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ purisaṃ jānāmi yenamhi viddho, evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto iti vā’ti; so evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ purisaṃ jānāmi yenamhi viddho, dīgho vā rasso vā majjhimo vā’ti; so evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ purisaṃ jānāmi yenamhi viddho, kāḷo vā sāmo vā maṅguracchavī vā’ti; so evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ purisaṃ jānāmi yenamhi viddho, amukasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā nagare vā’ti; so evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ dhanuṃ jānāmi yenamhi viddho, yadi vā cāpo yadi vā kodaṇḍo’ti; so evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ jiyaṃ jānāmi yāyamhi viddho , yadi vā akkassa yadi vā saṇhassa yadi vā nhārussa yadi vā maruvāya yadi vā khīrapaṇṇino’ti; so evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ kaṇḍaṃ jānāmi yenamhi viddho, yadi vā gacchaṃ yadi vā ropima’nti; so evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ kaṇḍaṃ jānāmi yenamhi viddho, yassa pattehi vājitaṃ yadi vā gijjhassa yadi vā kaṅkassa yadi vā kulalassa yadi vā morassa yadi vā sithilahanuno’ti; so evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ kaṇḍaṃ jānāmi yenamhi viddho, yassa nhārunā parikkhittaṃ yadi vā gavassa yadi vā mahiṃsassa yadi vā bheravassa yadi vā semhārassā’ti; so evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ sallaṃ āharissāmi yāva na taṃ sallaṃ jānāmi yenamhi viddho, yadi vā sallaṃ yadi vā khurappaṃ yadi vā vekaṇḍaṃ yadi vā nārācaṃ yadi vā vacchadantaṃ yadi vā karavīrapatta’nti – aññātameva taṃ, mālukyaputta, tena purisena assa, atha so puriso kālaṃ kareyya. Evameva kho, mālukyaputta, yo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na tāvāhaṃ bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ carissāmi yāva me bhagavā na byākarissati – ‘‘sassato loko’’ti vā ‘‘asassato loko’’ti vā…pe… ‘‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti vāti – abyākatameva taṃ, mālukyaputta, tathāgatena assa, atha so puggalo kālaṅkareyya.
127“鬘童子,若人持‘世间是常’之见,梵行生活并不因此而成立;若持‘世间非无常’之见,梵行生活亦不因此而成立。鬘童子,无论持‘世间非是常’之见,还是持‘世间是无常’之见,生依然存在,老依然存在,死依然存在,愁、悲、苦、忧、恼依然存在。这些,我施设于现法中便能灭除。鬘童子,若人持‘世间有边’之见,梵行生活并不因此而成立;若持‘世间非无边’之见,梵行生活亦不因此而成立。无论持‘世间非有边’之见,还是持‘世间无边’之见,生依然存在,老依然存在,死依然存在,愁、悲、苦、忧、恼依然存在。这些,我施设于现法中便能灭除。鬘童子,若人持‘生命即是身体’之见,梵行生活并不因此而成立;若持‘生命并非不同于身体’之见,梵行生活亦不因此而成立。无论持‘生命并非即是身体’之见,还是持‘生命与身体不同’之见,生依然存在,老依然存在,死依然存在,愁、悲、苦、忧、恼依然存在。这些,我施设于现法中便能灭除。鬘童子,若人持‘如来死后存在’之见,梵行生活并不因此而成立;若持‘如来死后并非不存在’之见,梵行生活亦不因此而成立。无论持‘如来死后并非存在’之见,还是持‘如来死后不存在’之见,生依然存在,老依然存在,死依然存在,愁、悲、苦、忧、恼依然存在。这些,我施设于现法中便能灭除。鬘童子,若人持‘如来死后既存在又不存在’之见,梵行生活并不因此而成立;若持‘如来死后并非既非存在也非不存在’之见,梵行生活亦不因此而成立。无论持‘如来死后并非既存在又不存在’之见,还是持‘如来死后既非存在也非不存在’之见,生依然存在,老依然存在,死依然存在,愁、悲、苦、忧、恼依然存在。这些,我施设于现法中便能灭除。”
‘‘‘Sassato loko’ti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati brahmacariyavāso abhavissāti , evaṃ ‘no asassato loko’ti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati brahmacariyavāso abhavissāti, evampi ‘no sassato loko’ti vā, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati, ‘asassato loko’ti vā diṭṭhiyā sati attheva jāti, atthi jarā, atthi maraṇaṃ, santi sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā; yesāhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme nighātaṃ paññapemi . ‘Antavā loko’ti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati brahmacariyavāso abhavissāti, evaṃ ‘no anantavā loko’ti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati brahmacariyavāso abhavissāti, evampi ‘no antavā loko’ti vā, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati, ‘anantavā loko’ti vā diṭṭhiyā sati attheva jāti, atthi jarā, atthi maraṇaṃ, santi sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā; yesāhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme nighātaṃ paññapemi. ‘Taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’nti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati brahmacariyavāso abhavissāti, evaṃ ‘no aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’nti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati brahmacariyavāso abhavissāti, evampi ‘no taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’nti vā, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati, ‘aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’nti vā diṭṭhiyā sati attheva jāti…pe… nighātaṃ paññapemi. ‘Hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati brahmacariyavāso abhavissāti, evaṃ ‘no na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati brahmacariyavāso abhavissāti, evampi ‘no hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati, ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā diṭṭhiyā sati attheva jāti…pe… yesāhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme nighātaṃ paññapemi. ‘Hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati brahmacariyavāso abhavissāti, evaṃ ‘no neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati brahmacariyavāso abhavissāti, evampi ‘no hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhiyā sati, ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti vā diṭṭhiyā sati attheva jāti…pe… yesāhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme nighātaṃ paññapemi.
128“因此,鬘童子,我所未予记说的,你应作为未予记说来持守;我所已予记说的,你应作为已予记说来持守。鬘童子,哪些是我未予记说的呢?‘世间是常’——鬘童子,这是我未予记说的;‘世间是无常’——这是我未予记说的;‘世间有边’——这是我未予记说的;‘世间无边’——这是我未予记说的;‘命即是身’——这是我未予记说的;‘命是此,身是彼’——这是我未予记说的;‘如来死后存在’——这是我未予记说的;‘如来死后不存在’——这是我未予记说的;‘如来死后既存在又不存在’——这是我未予记说的;‘如来死后既非存在又非不存在’——这是我未予记说的。鬘童子,为何这些我不予记说呢?因为诸如此类不具利益,不成梵行之根本,不导向厌离、离贪、灭尽、寂止、证智、正觉、涅槃。因此,那些是我不予记说的。鬘童子,那么,我记说了哪些呢?‘这是苦’——鬘童子,这是我已予记说的;‘这是苦的集起’——这是我已予记说的;‘这是苦的灭尽’——这是我已予记说的;‘这是导向苦灭的道路’——这是我已予记说的。鬘童子,为何这些我予以记说呢?因为诸如此类具足利益,是梵行之根本,导向厌离、离贪、灭尽、寂止、证智、正觉、涅槃。因此,那些是我予以记说的。所以,鬘童子,我所未予记说的,你应作为未予记说来持守;我所已予记说的,你应作为已予记说来持守。”
‘‘Tasmātiha, mālukyaputta, abyākatañca me abyākatato dhāretha; byākatañca me byākatato dhāretha. Kiñca, mālukyaputta, mayā abyākataṃ? ‘Sassato loko’ti mālukyaputta, mayā abyākataṃ; ‘asassato loko’ti – mayā abyākataṃ; ‘antavā loko’ti – mayā abyākataṃ; ‘anantavā loko’ti – mayā abyākataṃ; ‘taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīra’nti – mayā abyākataṃ; ‘aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīra’nti – mayā abyākataṃ; ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti – mayā abyākataṃ; ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti – mayā abyākataṃ; ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti – mayā abyākataṃ; ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’ti – mayā abyākataṃ. Kasmā cetaṃ, mālukyaputta, mayā abyākataṃ? Na hetaṃ, mālukyaputta, atthasaṃhitaṃ na ādibrahmacariyakaṃ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ mayā abyākataṃ. Kiñca, mālukyaputta, mayā byākataṃ? ‘Idaṃ dukkha’nti, mālukyaputta, mayā byākataṃ; ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti – mayā byākataṃ; ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti – mayā byākataṃ; ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti – mayā byākataṃ. Kasmā cetaṃ, mālukyaputta, mayā byākataṃ? Etañhi, mālukyaputta, atthasaṃhitaṃ etaṃ ādibrahmacariyakaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ mayā byākataṃ. Tasmātiha, mālukyaputta , abyākatañca me abyākatato dhāretha; byākatañca me byākatato dhārethā’’ti.
此为世尊所说。尊者鬘童子心满意足,对世尊的教说欢喜信受。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā mālukyaputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
小鬘童子经圆满 第三
Cūḷamālukyasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Bhagavā | 世尊 | 佛陀,答问者 |
| Māluṅkyaputta | 马伦咖子 | 比丘,提问者 |
事件
马伦咖子独自静坐时,对世尊不回答“世间常/无常”等十个形而上的问题感到不满,心生疑虑。他前去见世尊,下最后通牒:若不回答,就舍戒还俗。世尊先反问两人是否有过“回答才修行”的约定,接着引出“毒箭喻”——被毒箭射中的人若不先拔箭,反而追究射箭者的身份、弓箭的材质,在搞清楚前就会死掉——以此说明执着于无记问题的人,同样会在得到答案前就被苦所淹没。最后世尊明确划定界线:十个无记问题不导向涅槃,故不予记说;“此是苦、苦集、苦灭、导至苦灭之道”这四圣谛才导向离贪与解脱,因此予以记说。
经文摘要
马伦咖子因无记问题不满而威胁还俗 → 世尊以“毒箭喻”驳斥追问的荒谬 → 明确“未记说”与“已记说”的界线:搁置十种思辨,只记说四圣谛。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解)
背景
马伦咖子这个比丘代表了一种经典的心理:修行卡住,开始钻牛角尖。“世界到底有没有尽头?生命和身体是不是同一个东西?死后还会不会存在?”这些大哉问他越想越纠结,甚至觉得佛陀不回答是在“搁置不管”,愤怒到想卷铺盖走人。
核心:不是不答,是这种答法救不了你
佛陀直接拆掉他这套逻辑:“我有没有跟你说过——来修行我就包解答这些宇宙谜题?你有没有说过——你解答我才来修行?”答案都是“没有”。既然契约根本不包含这一条,现在拿这个来罢工,就完全站不住脚。
然后世尊抛出整部经最出名的“毒箭喻”:
佛陀直接点破:
→ 拆开看:这里讽刺的就是“先搞懂形而上学,我再修行”的心态。被毒箭射中,毒就是“生老病死、愁悲苦忧恼”,比丘已经中箭了。还在纠结射箭者家世背景(等于在追问“世间常不常”),就是浪费救命时间。搞清楚那些细节前,人早就死了。同样,执着于十个无记问题的人,还没等到答案,就被老、病、死给吞没了。
为什么那些问题不答?
→ 拆开看:佛陀不是在回避问题,是他看清了问题的本质无关解脱。你纠结“世界有边无边”,这并不会消除你此刻的苦。重点不是哪个答案更对,而是执着于这些“见”(见解)本身,就和修行方向错开了。
那应该关注什么?
→ 拆开看:这就是佛陀划的线:我只教“苦”和“苦的熄灭”。四圣谛是唯一能导向“灭尽”(现法中对苦的根除)的路,其他那些思辨游戏,是“非梵行之初基”,跟解脱的核心操作无关。
→ 一句话要旨:别在搞清楚宇宙说明书前就被毒箭射死,先把箭拔了——修四圣谛,解决你此刻真切的苦。
关键术语锚
- diṭṭhi → 见/见解:本篇十个无记问题都归类为“见处”,指理论化的、固化的思辨立场。易错点:把“见”当成中性“观点”,但这里强调的是会捆绑人的执见,佛法不认同“持见就能解脱”。
- sacca → 谛/真理:四圣谛的“谛”不是理论真理,是可以操作验证的“如实”。易错点:把四圣谛当哲学原理,而不是当作要认领和实修的操作手册。
- ariya → 圣/圣者:本篇虽未直接高频出现,但“梵行之初基”隐涉八正道(圣道)。易错点:把“圣”当成道德标签,其实指向的是“已见法、已断结”的解脱阶位。
- loka → 世间/世界:十问中的“世间”兼指宇宙空间与经验世界。易错点:把它只解为外部物理世界,其实佛陀常用来指身心的经验总体。
- sara → 箭:毒箭喻是全文核心意象,箭=烦恼毒(生老病死忧悲苦恼的逼迫)。易错点:只把箭理解成某一具体烦恼,漏掉“整体存在的苦迫性”这一层。