506如是我闻:一时,大目犍连尊者住在跋耆国的苏苏马罗山,贝萨咖喇瓦那的鹿野苑中。那时,大目犍连尊者在露天处经行。而就在此时,恶魔波旬潜入了大目犍连尊者的腹中,直入肠胃。于是,大目犍连尊者心生此念:“我的腹中为何如此沉重,犹如满盛豆子一般?”接着,大目犍连尊者从经行处下来,进入住处,在铺设好的座位上坐下。坐下之后,大目犍连尊者向内如理作意、省察自身。他看见恶魔波旬已潜入其腹中,进入肠胃。见后,他便对恶魔波旬说:“出来,波旬!出来,波旬!勿扰如来,勿扰如来弟子。莫令你自身长夜遭受不幸与苦痛。”此时,恶魔波旬心想:“这个沙门,既不了知我,也未看见我,竟对我说:‘出来,波旬!出来,波旬!勿扰如来,勿扰如来弟子。莫令你自身长夜遭受不幸与苦痛。’即便是他的老师,也未必能如此迅速地认出我,何况他这一个弟子,又怎能认得出我?”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhaggesu viharati susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahāmoggallāno abbhokāse caṅkamati. Tena kho pana samayena māro pāpimā āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa kucchigato hoti koṭṭhamanupaviṭṭho. Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho me kucchi garugaro viya ? Māsācitaṃ maññe’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno caṅkamā orohitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno paccattaṃ yoniso manasākāsi. Addasā kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno māraṃ pāpimantaṃ kucchigataṃ koṭṭhamanupaviṭṭhaṃ. Disvāna māraṃ pāpimantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nikkhama, pāpima; nikkhama, pāpima! Mā tathāgataṃ vihesesi, mā tathāgatasāvakaṃ. Mā te ahosi dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā’’ti. Atha kho mārassa pāpimato etadahosi – ‘‘ajānameva kho maṃ ayaṃ samaṇo apassaṃ evamāha – ‘nikkhama, pāpima; nikkhama, pāpima! Mā tathāgataṃ vihesesi, mā tathāgatasāvakaṃ. Mā te ahosi dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā’ti. Yopissa so satthā sopi maṃ neva khippaṃ jāneyya, kuto pana maṃ ayaṃ sāvako jānissatī’’ti? Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno māraṃ pāpimantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evampi kho tāhaṃ, pāpima, jānāmi, mā tvaṃ maññittho – ‘na maṃ jānātī’ti. Māro tvamasi, pāpima; tuyhañhi, pāpima, evaṃ hoti – ‘ajānameva kho maṃ ayaṃ samaṇo apassaṃ evamāha – nikkhama, pāpima; nikkhama, pāpima! Mā tathāgataṃ vihesesi, mā tathāgatasāvakaṃ. Mā te ahosi dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyāti. Yopissa so satthā sopi maṃ neva khippaṃ jāneyya, kuto pana maṃ ayaṃ sāvako jānissatī’’’ti?
这时,恶魔波旬心里想:“这个沙门确实知我、见我,才对我说:‘出来,波旬!出来,波旬!不要骚扰如来,不要骚扰如来的弟子。莫令你长夜遭逢无益与痛苦。’”于是,恶魔波旬从大目犍连尊者的口中出来,立于门闩处。
Atha kho mārassa pāpimato etadahosi – ‘‘jāname kho maṃ ayaṃ samaṇo passaṃ evamāha – ‘nikkhama, pāpima; nikkhama, pāpima! Mā tathāgataṃ vihesesi, mā tathāgatasāvakaṃ. Mā te ahosi dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā’’’ti. Atha kho māro pāpimā āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa mukhato uggantvā paccaggaḷe aṭṭhāsi.
507尊者大目犍连看见恶魔波旬站在门闩旁;见后便对恶魔波旬说:“波旬,即便在那里,我也看得见你。别想:‘他看不见我。’波旬,你就站在门闩旁。波旬,往昔我曾是名为‘杜西’的恶魔,那时我有一位名叫咖离的姐妹。你是她的儿子,也就是我的外甥。波旬,就在那个时代,拘留孙佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者出现于世间。波旬,拘留孙佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者有两位名为维度拉与桑吉瓦的上首弟子,是一对最优秀的弟子。波旬,在拘留孙佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者的所有弟子中,无有一人能在说法方面与维度拉尊者相比。正是因此,波旬,维度拉尊者才被称为‘维度拉’。”
Addasā kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno māraṃ pāpimantaṃ paccaggaḷe ṭhitaṃ; disvāna māraṃ pāpimantaṃ etadavoca – ‘etthāpi kho tāhaṃ, pāpima, passāmi; mā tvaṃ maññittho ‘‘na maṃ passatī’’ti. Eso tvaṃ, pāpima, paccaggaḷe ṭhito. Bhūtapubbāhaṃ, pāpima, dūsī nāma māro ahosiṃ, tassa me kāḷī nāma bhaginī. Tassā tvaṃ putto. So me tvaṃ bhāgineyyo ahosi. Tena kho pana, pāpima, samayena kakusandho bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho loke uppanno hoti. Kakusandhassa kho pana, pāpima, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa vidhurasañjīvaṃ nāma sāvakayugaṃ ahosi aggaṃ bhaddayugaṃ. Yāvatā kho pana, pāpima, kakusandhassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa sāvakā. Tesu na ca koci āyasmatā vidhurena samasamo hoti yadidaṃ dhammadesanāya. Iminā kho evaṃ , pāpima, pariyāyena āyasmato vidhurassa vidhuroteva samaññā udapādi.
“然而,波旬,桑吉瓦尊者无论是到森林里、大树下,还是空置的房舍中,都能毫不费力地证入想受灭定。往昔,波旬,桑吉瓦尊者曾在一棵树下结跏趺坐,证入了想受灭定。有些牧牛人、牧畜人、农夫和路人看见桑吉瓦尊者坐在一棵树下证入了想受灭定。见后,他们心想:‘真是稀有啊,朋友们!真是不可思议啊,朋友们!这位沙门坐着死去了!来,我们把他烧了吧。’于是,波旬,那些牧牛人、牧畜人、农夫和路人拾来草、木柴和牛粪,堆放在桑吉瓦尊者身上,点起火后便离开了。波旬,那一夜过后,桑吉瓦尊者从该定中出定,抖落袈裟上的灰烬,于清晨时分,搭好下衣,持钵与袈裟,入村乞食去了。那些牧牛人、牧畜人、农夫和路人看见正在乞食的桑吉瓦尊者,见后他们又想:‘真是稀有啊,朋友们!真是不可思议啊,朋友们!这位沙门坐着死去了,如今又活过来了!’正是因此,波旬,桑吉瓦尊者才被称为‘桑吉瓦’。”
‘‘Āyasmā pana, pāpima, sañjīvo araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi appakasireneva saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpajjati. Bhūtapubbaṃ, pāpima, āyasmā sañjīvo aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpanno nisinno hoti. Addasaṃsu kho, pāpima, gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino āyasmantaṃ sañjīvaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpannaṃ nisinnaṃ; disvāna tesaṃ etadahosi – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Ayaṃ samaṇo nisinnakova kālaṅkato! Handa naṃ dahāmā’ti. Atha kho te, pāpima, gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino tiṇañca kaṭṭhañca gomayañca saṃkaḍḍhitvā āyasmato sañjīvassa kāye upacinitvā aggiṃ datvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho, pāpima, āyasmā sañjīvo tassā rattiyā accayena tāya samāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā cīvarāni papphoṭetvā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasaṃsu kho te, pāpima, gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino āyasmantaṃ sañjīvaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ; disvāna nesaṃ etadahosi – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Ayaṃ samaṇo nisinnakova kālaṅkato, svāyaṃ paṭisañjīvito’ti . Iminā kho evaṃ, pāpima, pariyāyena āyasmato sañjīvassa sañjīvoteva samaññā udapādi.
508“那时,波旬,恶魔杜西心想:‘对于这些持戒、具足善法的诸比丘,我全然不知他们从何而来、往何而去。不如我附身于那些婆罗门居士,对他们说:来吧,你们去辱骂、诽谤、激怒、折磨那些持戒、具足善法的比丘。或许,被你们辱骂、诽谤、激怒、折磨后,他们的心会产生变异,这样我恶魔杜西便能找到可乘之机了。’于是,波旬,恶魔杜西便附身于那些婆罗门居士,说道:‘来吧,你们去辱骂、诽谤、激怒、折磨那些持戒、具足善法的比丘。或许,被你们辱骂、诽谤、激怒、折磨后,他们的心会产生变异,这样我恶魔杜西便能找到可乘之机了。’”
‘‘Atha kho, pāpima, dūsissa mārassa etadahosi – ‘imesaṃ kho ahaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sīlavantānaṃ kalyāṇadhammānaṃ neva jānāmi āgatiṃ vā gatiṃ vā. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ brāhmaṇagahapatike anvāviseyyaṃ – etha, tumhe bhikkhū sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme akkosatha paribhāsatha rosetha vihesetha. Appeva nāma tumhehi akkosiyamānānaṃ paribhāsiyamānānaṃ rosiyamānānaṃ vihesiyamānānaṃ siyā cittassa aññathattaṃ, yathā taṃ dūsī māro labhetha otāra’nti. Atha kho te, pāpima, dūsī māro brāhmaṇagahapatike anvāvisi – ‘etha, tumhe bhikkhū sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme akkosatha paribhāsatha rosetha vihesetha. Appeva nāma tumhehi akkosiyamānānaṃ paribhāsiyamānānaṃ rosiyamānānaṃ vihesiyamānānaṃ siyā cittassa aññathattaṃ, yathā taṃ dūsī māro labhetha otāra’nti.
“那时,波旬,那些被恶魔杜西附体的婆罗门居士,便去辱骂、诋毁、触恼、逼害那些持戒、具足善法的比丘,他们这样说:‘这些剃光头的沙门、卑贱者、黑肤的梵天子孙,口口声声说‘我们在修禅那,我们在修禅那’,却双肩垂落、头颈低垂、神色茫然,在那里沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思。就如同一只猫头鹰栖于树枝上,为了搜寻老鼠而沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思;同样地,这些剃光头的沙门、卑贱者、黑肤的梵天子孙,口口声声说‘我们在修禅那,我们在修禅那’,却双肩垂落、头颈低垂、神色茫然,在那里沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思。就如同一条豺狼站在河岸边,为了搜寻鱼而沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思;同样地,这些剃光头的沙门、卑贱者、黑肤的梵天子孙,口口声声说‘我们在修禅那,我们在修禅那’,却双肩垂落、头颈低垂、神色茫然,在那里沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思。就如同一条豺狼站在河岸边,为了搜寻鱼而沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思;同样地,这些剃光头的沙门、卑贱者、黑肤的梵天子孙……在那里沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思。就如同一只猫蹲在巷口、垃圾堆旁,为了搜寻老鼠而沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思;同样地,这些剃光头的沙门、卑贱者、黑肤的梵天子孙……在那里沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思。又如同一头卸了轭的驴子,站在巷口、垃圾堆旁沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思;同样地,这些剃光头的沙门、卑贱者、黑肤的梵天子孙,口口声声说‘我们在修禅那,我们在修禅那’,却双肩垂落、头颈低垂、神色茫然,在那里沉思、静虑、凝念、冥思。’”
‘‘Atha kho te, pāpima, brāhmaṇagahapatikā anvāvisiṭṭhā dūsinā mārena bhikkhū sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme akkosanti paribhāsanti rosenti vihesenti – ‘ime pana muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kiṇhā bandhupādāpaccā ‘‘jhāyinosmā jhāyinosmā’’ti pattakkhandhā adhomukhā madhurakajātā jhāyanti pajjhāyanti nijjhāyanti apajjhāyanti. Seyyathāpi nāma ulūko rukkhasākhāyaṃ mūsikaṃ maggayamāno jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati; evamevime muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kiṇhā bandhupādāpaccā ‘‘jhāyinosmā jhāyinosmā’’ti pattakkhandhā adhomukhā madhurakajātā jhāyanti pajjhāyanti nijjhāyanti apajjhāyanti. Seyyathāpi nāma kotthu nadītīre macche maggayamāno jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati; evamevime muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kiṇhā bandhupādāpaccā ‘‘jhāyinosmā jhāyinosmā’’ti pattakkhandhā adhomukhā madhurakajātā jhāyanti pajjhāyanti nijjhāyanti apajjhāyanti. Seyyathāpi nāma biḷāro sandhisamalasaṅkaṭīre mūsikaṃ maggayamāno jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati; evamevime muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kiṇhā bandhupādāpaccā ‘‘jhāyinosmā jhāyinosmā’’ti pattakkhandhā adhomukhā madhurakajātā jhāyanti pajjhāyanti nijjhāyanti apajjhāyanti. Seyyathāpi nāma gadrabho vahacchinno sandhisamalasaṅkaṭīre jhāyati pajjhāyati nijjhāyati apajjhāyati, evamevime muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kiṇhā bandhupādāpaccā ‘‘jhāyinosmā jhāyinosmā’’ti pattakkhandhā adhomukhā madhurakajātā jhāyanti pajjhāyanti nijjhāyanti apajjhāyantī’’ti.
波旬,在那时死去的人,于身坏命终之后,大多投生到了恶道、苦界、堕处、地狱。
‘‘Ye kho pana, pāpima, tena samayena manussā kālaṅkaronti yebhuyyena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti.
509那时,波旬,拘留孙佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者于午前时分,着下衣,持钵与衣,由圣者维度拉担任随行沙门,进入村庄托钵乞食。此时,杜西魔罗附上一名小男孩的身体,拿起一块石头砸向圣者维度拉的头部,击破了他的头。于是,波旬,圣者维度拉头顶流着血,紧紧跟随在拘留孙佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者身后。这时,拘留孙佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者如大象般回转一视,说道:‘这杜西魔罗真是不知分寸。’就在这一回视之际,波旬,杜西魔罗当即从那里死去,投生至大地狱中。
‘‘Atha kho, pāpima, kakusandho bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā vidhurena pacchāsamaṇena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Atha kho, pāpima, dūsī māro aññataraṃ kumārakaṃ anvāvisitvā sakkharaṃ gahetvā āyasmato vidhurassa sīse pahāramadāsi; sīsaṃ vobhindi . Atha kho, pāpima, āyasmā vidhuro bhinnena sīsena lohitena gaḷantena kakusandhaṃyeva bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhi. Atha kho , pāpima, kakusandho bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho nāgāpalokitaṃ apalokesi – ‘na vāyaṃ dūsī māro mattamaññāsī’ti. Sahāpalokanāya ca pana, pāpima, dūsī māro tamhā ca ṭhānā cavi mahānirayañca upapajji.
魔罗啊,那时,那些比丘正如此接受拘留孙佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者的教诫与指引,无论是前往山林、树下或空闲处,皆安住于对身体的“不净观”,于食物起“厌恶想”,于一切世间起“不乐想”,于一切诸行起“无常随观”。
‘‘Atha kho te, pāpima, bhikkhū kakusandhena bhagavatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena evaṃ ovadiyamānā evaṃ anusāsiyamānā araññagatāpi rukkhamūlagatāpi suññāgāragatāpi asubhānupassino kāye vihariṃsu, āhāre paṭikūlasaññino, sabbaloke anabhiratisaññino, sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassino.
510魔罗啊,那时,杜西魔罗心中便想:‘即便我如此做,仍然不知这些持戒、具足善法的比丘们的来处与去处。我何不附身于那些婆罗门居士:“来吧,你们去恭敬、尊重、尊敬、供养那些持戒、具足善法的比丘,或许当你们这样恭敬、尊重、尊敬、供养他们时,他们的心会生起变异,这样杜西魔罗或许便可得其便。”’于是,魔罗啊,杜西魔罗便附身于那些婆罗门居士:‘来吧,你们去恭敬、尊重、尊敬、供养那些持戒、具足善法的比丘……’于是,魔罗啊,那些被杜西魔罗附身的婆罗门居士,便去恭敬、尊重、尊敬、供养那些持戒、具足善法的比丘。
‘‘Atha kho, pāpima, dūsissa mārassa etadahosi – ‘evampi kho ahaṃ karonto imesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sīlavantānaṃ kalyāṇadhammānaṃ neva jānāmi āgatiṃ vā gatiṃ vā, yaṃnūnāhaṃ brāhmaṇagahapatike anvāviseyyaṃ – etha, tumhe bhikkhū sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme sakkarotha garuṃ karotha mānetha pūjetha , appeva nāma tumhehi sakkariyamānānaṃ garukariyamānānaṃ māniyamānānaṃ pūjiyamānānaṃ siyā cittassa aññathattaṃ, yathā taṃ dūsī māro labhetha otāra’nti . Atha kho te, pāpima, dūsī māro brāhmaṇagahapatike anvāvisi – ‘etha, tumhe bhikkhū sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme sakkarotha garuṃ karotha mānetha pūjetha, appeva nāma tumhehi sakkariyamānānaṃ garukariyamānānaṃ māniyamānānaṃ pūjiyamānānaṃ siyā cittassa aññathattaṃ, yathā taṃ dūsī māro labhetha otāra’nti. Atha kho te, pāpima, brāhmaṇagahapatikā anvāviṭṭhā dūsinā mārena bhikkhū sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme sakkaronti garuṃ karonti mānenti pūjenti.
魔罗啊,那时,死去的人们大多在身坏命终之后,生于善趣、天界。
‘‘Ye kho pana, pāpima, tena samayena manussā kālaṅkaronti yebhuyyena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti.
511波旬,那时,拘留孙佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,那些婆罗门居士已被杜西魔罗附身。他让他们来辱骂、诽谤、激怒、恼害你们这些具戒、有善法的比丘,心想:‘也许他们被辱骂、被诽谤、被激怒、被恼害时,心会变异,这样杜西魔罗便能找到可乘之机。’诸比丘,你们应当以慈俱行之心遍满一方而住,同样遍满第二、第三、第四方;如此向上、向下、横向,于一切处、一切世界,以广大、无量、无怨恨、无恼害的慈俱行之心遍满而住。以悲俱行之心遍满一方而住……以喜俱行之心遍满一方而住……以舍俱行之心遍满一方而住,同样遍满第二、第三、第四方;如此向上、向下、横向,于一切处、一切世界,以广大、无量、无怨恨、无恼害的舍俱行之心遍满而住。”
‘‘Atha kho, pāpima, kakusandho bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘anvāviṭṭhā kho, bhikkhave, brāhmaṇagahapatikā dūsinā mārena – etha, tumhe bhikkhū sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme akkosatha paribhāsatha rosetha vihesetha, appeva nāma tumhehi akkosiyamānānaṃ paribhāsiyamānānaṃ rosiyamānānaṃ vihesiyamānānaṃ siyā cittassa aññathattaṃ, yathā taṃ dūsī māro labhetha otāra’nti. Etha, tumhe, bhikkhave, mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatha, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharatha. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā…pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatha, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharathā’ti.
波旬,那时,那些比丘得到拘留孙佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者的这般教导、这般教授后,或往林野、或坐树下、或入空屋,以慈俱行之心遍满一方而住,同样第二、第三、第四方;如此向上、向下、横向,于一切处、一切世界,以广大、无量、无怨恨、无恼害的慈俱行之心遍满而住。以悲俱行之心……以喜俱行之心……以舍俱行之心遍满一方而住,同样遍满第二、第三、第四方;如此向上、向下、横向,于一切处、一切世界,以广大、无量、无怨恨、无恼害的舍俱行之心遍满而住。
‘‘Atha kho te, pāpima, bhikkhū kakusandhena bhagavatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena evaṃ ovadiyamānā evaṃ anusāsiyamānā araññagatāpi rukkhamūlagatāpi suññāgāragatāpi mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā vihariṃsu, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā vihariṃsu. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā…pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā vihariṃsu, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā vihariṃsu .
512波旬,那时,拘留孙佛、阿拉汉、正自觉者对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,那些婆罗门居士已被杜西魔罗所侵扰。他让他们来恭敬、尊重、尊敬、奉事你们这些具戒、有善法的比丘,心想:‘也许他们被恭敬、被尊重、被尊敬、被奉事时,心会变异,这样杜西魔罗便能找到可乘之机。’诸比丘,你们应当以慈俱行之心遍满一方而住,同样遍满第二、第三、第四方;如此向上、向下、横向,于一切处、一切世界,以广大、无量、无怨恨、无恼害的慈俱行之心遍满而住。以悲俱行之心遍满一方而住……以喜俱行之心遍满一方而住……以舍俱行之心遍满一方而住,同样遍满第二、第三、第四方;如此向上、向下、横向,于一切处、一切世界,以广大、无量、无怨恨、无恼害的舍俱行之心遍满而住。”
‘‘Atha kho, pāpima, kakusandho bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘anvāviṭṭhā kho, bhikkhave, brāhmaṇagahapatikā dūsinā mārena – etha, tumhe bhikkhū sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme sakkarotha garuṃ karotha mānetha pūjetha, appeva nāma tumhehi sakkariyamānānaṃ garukariyamānānaṃ māniyamānānaṃ pūjiyamānānaṃ siyā cittassa aññathattaṃ, yathā taṃ dūsī māro labhetha otāranti. Etha, tumhe, bhikkhave, asubhānupassino kāye viharatha, āhāre paṭikūlasaññino, sabbaloke anabhiratisaññino , sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassino’ti.
波旬,那个大地狱有三种名称:称为‘六触处地狱’、‘桩贯地狱’和‘各自别受地狱’。波旬,那时地狱的狱卒来到我面前,这样对我说:‘尊者,当桩与桩在你心脏中相合时,你便会知道:“我在这个地狱中受苦,已经整整一千年了。”’波旬,我就在那大地狱中,整整被煎熬了许多年、许多百年、许多千年。就在那大地狱的一处附属地狱中,我也被整整煎熬了一万年,一种称为‘出头……’
‘‘Tassa kho pana, pāpima, mahānirayassa tayo nāmadheyyā honti – chaphassāyataniko itipi, saṅkusamāhato itipi, paccattavedaniyo itipi. Atha kho maṃ, pāpima, nirayapālā upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ – yadā kho te , mārisa, saṅkunā saṅku hadaye samāgaccheyya. Atha naṃ tvaṃ jāneyyāsi – ‘vassasahassaṃ me niraye paccamānassā’ti. So kho ahaṃ, pāpima, bahūni vassāni bahūni vassasatāni bahūni vassasahassāni tasmiṃ mahāniraye apacciṃ. Dasavassasahassāni tasseva mahānirayassa ussade apacciṃ vuṭṭhānimaṃ nāma vedanaṃ vediyamāno. Tassa mayhaṃ, pāpima, evarūpo kāyo hoti, seyyathāpi manussassa. Evarūpaṃ sīsaṃ hoti, seyyathāpi macchassa.
那里有数以百计的铁桩,一一皆是各自亲受的苦痛;
这便是杜西曾于其中受煎熬的那个地狱。
暗者,你若攻击一位亲证于此的比丘、佛陀的弟子,
冒犯这样的比丘,黑暗者,你将招来苦果。
我正是那位为佛陀所敦促、在僧团注视下震动鹿母讲堂的比丘。
若有比丘——佛陀的弟子,能对此亲自了知;
黑暗者啊,你若是冒犯了这样的比丘,必将走向痛苦。
他曾以大脚趾撼动最胜殿,
凭借神通力,使其震动,令诸天神惊惧。
我曾于最胜殿中,向帝释天请问:
瓦萨瓦,你可知那些由灭尽渴爱而解脱的人?
若有比丘——佛陀的弟子——证知此事,
黑者,你攻击这样的比丘,必将遭受痛苦。
梵天便为他依次如实解说:
尊者,过去的那种见解,我已不再持有。
了知此者,是佛陀的弟子比丘;
黑魔,你恼害这样的比丘,将会遭受苦痛。
我以解脱力,触及大须弥山的峰顶;
亦曾遍访东毗提诃人的森林,及诸地居之人。
了知此者,正是佛陀的声闻弟子比丘;
黑魔,你若冒犯这样的比丘,必将陷入痛苦。
火确实不会如此想:‘我要烧这愚人。’
然而愚人若去触碰炽燃之火,便会被它烧伤。
同样地,魔罗,你冒犯那位如来,
你只会焚毁自身,犹如愚人触碰火焰。
就这样,在贝萨咖喇瓦那林中,比丘呵责了魔罗;
于是,那郁郁不乐的夜叉,便在那里消失不见了。
‘‘Kīdiso nirayo āsi, yattha dūsī apaccatha; Vidhuraṃ sāvakamāsajja, kakusandhañca brāhmaṇaṃ. ‘‘Sataṃ āsi ayosaṅkū, sabbe paccattavedanā; Īdiso nirayo āsi, yattha dūsī apaccatha; Vidhuraṃ sāvakamāsajja, kakusandhañca brāhmaṇaṃ. ‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako; Tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi. ‘‘Majjhe sarassa tiṭṭhanti, vimānā kappaṭṭhāyino; Veḷuriyavaṇṇā rucirā, accimanto pabhassarā; Accharā tattha naccanti, puthu nānattavaṇṇiyo. ‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako; Tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi. ‘‘Yo ve buddhena codito, bhikkhu saṅghassa pekkhato; Migāramātupāsādaṃ, pādaṅguṭṭhena kampayi. ‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako; Tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi. ‘‘Yo vejayantaṃ pāsādaṃ, pādaṅguṭṭhena kampayi; Iddhibalenupatthaddho, saṃvejesi ca devatā. ‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako; Tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi. ‘‘Yo vejayantapāsāde, sakkaṃ so paripucchati; Api vāsava jānāsi, taṇhākkhayavimuttiyo; Tassa sakko viyākāsi, pañhaṃ puṭṭho yathātathaṃ. ‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako; Tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi. ‘‘Yo brahmaṃ paripucchati, sudhammāyābhito sabhaṃ; Ajjāpi tyāvuso diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahu; Passasi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ. ‘‘Tassa brahmā viyākāsi, anupubbaṃ yathātathaṃ; Na me mārisa sā diṭṭhi, yā me diṭṭhi pure ahu. ‘‘Passāmi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ; Sohaṃ ajja kathaṃ vajjaṃ, ahaṃ niccomhi sassato. ‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako; Tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi. ‘‘Yo mahāmeruno kūṭaṃ, vimokkhena aphassayi; Vanaṃ pubbavidehānaṃ, ye ca bhūmisayā narā. ‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako; Tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi. ‘‘Na ve aggi cetayati , ‘ahaṃ bālaṃ ḍahāmī’ti; Bālo ca jalitaṃ aggiṃ, āsajja naṃ sa ḍayhati. ‘‘Evameva tuvaṃ māra, āsajja naṃ tathāgataṃ; Sayaṃ ḍahissasi attānaṃ, bālo aggiṃva saṃphusaṃ. ‘‘Apuññaṃ pasavī māro, āsajja naṃ tathāgataṃ; Kinnu maññasi pāpima, na me pāpaṃ vipaccati. ‘‘Karoto cīyati pāpaṃ, cirarattāya antaka; Māra nibbinda buddhamhā, āsaṃ mākāsi bhikkhusu. ‘‘Iti māraṃ atajjesi, bhikkhu bhesakaḷāvane; Tato so dummano yakkho, natatthevantaradhāyathā’’ti.
《萨雷亚经》、《韦兰贾经》、两部《满足经》,《小法受持经》和《大法受持经》;
Sāleyya verañjaduve ca tuṭṭhi, cūḷamahādhammasamādānañca;
《审察经》、《憍赏弥经》、《婆罗门经》,《杜西魔罗经》为第十,此品终。
Vīmaṃsakā kosambi ca brāhmaṇo, dūsī ca māro dasamo ca vaggo.
此为品之摄颂:
Idaṃ vaggānamuddānaṃ –
《根本法门经》,与殊胜《狮子吼经》;
《锯喻经》、《牛角经》,及《盐城经》,计五部。
Mūlapariyāyo ceva, sīhanādo ca uttamo; Kakaco ceva gosiṅgo, sāleyyo ca ime pañca.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Kakusandho Bhagavā Arahā Sammāsambuddho | 咖古桑达世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者 (拘留孙佛) | 过去佛 |
| Mahāmoggallāna | 大目犍连 | 佛陀的上首弟子,本经主角,识破并驱逐魔罗 |
| Māro Pāpimā | 魔罗波旬 | 欲界天魔,试图恼害大目犍连,反被揭露过去世的恶行 |
| Dūsī Māro | 杜西魔罗 | 魔罗波旬的过去世身份,曾为魔罗 |
| Kāḷī | 咖离 | 杜西魔罗的姐妹,魔罗波旬过去世的母亲 |
| Vidhuro | 维度拉 | 拘留孙佛的上首弟子,说法第一 |
| Sañjīvo | 桑吉瓦 | 拘留孙佛的上首弟子,能轻易证入想受灭定 |
| brāhmaṇagahapatikā | 婆罗门居士 | 被魔罗附身,用以辱骂或恭敬比丘的群体 |
| gopālakā pasupālakā kassakā pathāvino | 牧牛者、牧畜者、农夫、行人 | 误以为入定的桑吉瓦尊者已死,点火烧他 |
地点
瓦基国苏苏马拉吉拉山的贝萨咖喇瓦那鹿野苑,以及过去世拘留孙佛所在之处。
事件
大目犍连尊者在经行时,察觉到腹部异常沉重,发现是魔罗波旬钻进了自己的肚子里。大目犍连尊者命令魔罗出来,并准确地说出了魔罗的心思。被识破后,魔罗从大目犍连口中逃出。为了彻底震慑魔罗,大目犍连讲述了自己过去世曾是魔罗“杜西”的经历,揭露了魔罗波旬当时作为杜西的外甥,是如何在拘留孙佛时代屡次试图陷害佛弟子,最终因击伤阿拉汉维度拉而堕入大地狱,遭受万年煎熬的。
经文摘要
魔罗潜入尊者腹中 → 大目犍连尊者识破并驱逐魔罗 → 尊者讲述过去世自己曾为魔罗时陷害佛弟子失败,最终堕入地狱,以此呵责魔罗。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解)
1. 背景:魔王的骚扰与圣者的觉察
这篇经文一开场就很戏剧化。魔罗波旬,这个欲界的老大,居然钻进了大目犍连尊者的肚子里,想让他肚子难受,没法安心修行。但魔罗那点小聪明,在圣者面前完全不管用。大目犍连尊者不是以“神通第一”著称吗?他立刻觉知到不对劲,然后通过自我观察,直接“看见”了腹中的魔罗。这说明,一个真正的修行者,内心是极其清明敏锐的,任何不善的念头或外力干扰,都能被清楚地识别出来,不会被它牵着走。
2. 核心:魔罗的两种伎俩与圣者的不动心
大目犍连尊者为了让魔罗死心,讲述了一个他过去世的故事。那时他是一个叫“杜西”的魔罗,而现在的魔罗波旬,当时只是他的外甥。他们想破坏拘留孙佛的僧团,用了两招:
* 第一招:抹黑与辱骂。 杜西魔罗附身在一群老百姓身上,让他们用最恶毒的话骂那些比丘,说他们是“秃头的小沙门”、“卑贱者”,像猫头鹰、苍鹭、猫一样惺惺作态。他们想用这种方式激怒比丘们,让他们内心动摇。但拘留孙佛教导弟子们修习“慈、悲、喜、舍”四无量心,用无限的善意和悲悯来回应这些辱骂。结果,那些骂人的人自己死后堕入了地狱,比丘们却毫发无伤。
* → 拆开看: 魔罗的这招是想利用“嗔恨”来攻击。但比丘们用“慈俱之心”回应,就像对着虚空挥拳,力量根本打不回去。这表明,外界的诋毁本身伤不了你,真正能伤害你的是你内心生起的愤怒。当内心充满了无量的慈爱时,恶意的言语就如同滴水落入大海,瞬间被消解。
* 第二招:恭敬与供养。 第一招失败,魔罗又换了策略。他开始让人们疯狂地恭敬、供养这些比丘,送好吃的、好穿的,说各种好话。他想用这些糖衣炮弹让比丘们生起我慢和贪著,让他们内心飘起来。但拘留孙佛早就看穿了,他教导弟子们修习“身随观不净”、“对食物作厌恶想”、“于一切世间作不乐想”、“观一切行无常”。比丘们就靠着这些强大的内观修行,牢牢地安住在觉知中,根本不为所动。
* → 拆开看: 这招是想利用“贪爱”来攻击。比丘们用“不净观”和“无常想”来应对,清晰地看到供养的虚妄和身体的本质。当你能看透一切现象的生灭无常时,赞美和供养就只是过眼云烟,无法让你内心产生丝毫执著。
3. 恶行的终极果报
故事的最后,杜西魔罗恼羞成怒,直接附身在一个小孩身上,用石头砸破了阿拉汉维度拉的头。这一下,业果成熟了,杜西立刻死掉,直接堕入了最可怕的大地狱,在那里被煎熬了上万年。大目犍连尊者用自己亲身的痛苦经历,来警告魔罗波旬:你现在做的这些事,最终都会导致你长夜受苦,就像我现在给你讲的故事一样。
* → 一句话要旨: 内心的慈悲与觉知是抵御一切内外干扰的金刚罩,而任何基于贪嗔的恶意行为,终将招致无法承受的苦果。
关键术语锚
- Karuṇāsahagatena → 慈俱行之心 (慈无量心):这里指的不是普通的同情,而是一种以“慈悲”为伴的禅定状态,能将善意无限扩大到一切方向、一切众生。易错点在于只理解为一种善意情绪,而忽略了它作为对治“嗔恚”的强力禅修工具的作用。
- Nimitta → 相 / (可乘之机):原文中魔罗寻找的“突破口”或“机会”,其核心就是 nimitta。指内心因贪嗔等产生的一个可被烦恼利用的“漏洞”或“征兆”。修行者内心不动,就是不让“相”生起,魔罗便无从下手。
- Saññāvedayitanirodha → 想受灭 (灭尽定):桑吉瓦尊者证入的甚深禅定,在此定中,心理活动(想、受)暂时完全停止。这是极高深的境界,不是普通的发呆或死亡。易错在于将其混淆于普通的“无想定”或误以为是断灭空。
- Asava → 漏 / 烦恼:指那些从眼耳鼻舌身意六根不断涌出的、让人心浑浊迷乱的污染。魔罗的最终目的就是让比丘们生起“漏”,而修行的目的就是“尽诸有漏”。易错在于仅理解为外在的诱惑,而忽略了它作为根本动力的内在性。
- Kamma → 业:杜西魔罗击伤阿拉汉的行为,是一种极重大的恶业,导致了瞬间堕入地狱的果报。这个术语易错点在于把“业”简单等同于宿命,而忽略了它强调的是“行为”及其必然的“效应”,是动态的因果关系。