501如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,世尊对比丘们说:“比丘们。”比丘们回答:“尊者。”世尊这样说道:
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,曾有一次,我住在乌卡塔城的苏巴迦树林中的大娑罗树王下。那时,婆迦梵天生起了这样的邪见:‘这是常的,这是坚固的,这是永恒的,这是圆满的,这是不坏灭的;这确是不生、不老、不死、不没、不再生起,而且从这里再也找不到其他更上的出离了。’诸比丘,我以心了知婆迦梵天的心念,犹如力士屈伸臂间,便从乌卡塔城苏巴迦树林的大娑罗树王下消失,现于彼梵天界。诸比丘,婆迦梵天远远望见我走来,见后便对我说:‘来吧,尊者!欢迎,尊者!尊者,隔了许久,您才安排此行。尊者,这确是常的,是坚固的,是永恒的,是圆满的,是不坏灭的;这确是不生、不老、不死、不没、不再生起;而且从这里再也找不到其他更上的出离了。’
‘‘Ekamidāhaṃ, bhikkhave, samayaṃ ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ viharāmi subhagavane sālarājamūle. Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena bakassa brahmuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘idaṃ niccaṃ, idaṃ dhuvaṃ, idaṃ sassataṃ, idaṃ kevalaṃ, idaṃ acavanadhammaṃ, idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, ito ca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ natthī’ti. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, bakassa brahmuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ subhagavane sālarājamūle antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosiṃ. Addasā kho maṃ, bhikkhave, bako brahmā dūratova āgacchantaṃ; disvāna maṃ etadavoca – ‘ehi kho, mārisa, svāgataṃ, mārisa! Cirassaṃ kho, mārisa, imaṃ pariyāyamakāsi yadidaṃ idhāgamanāya. Idañhi, mārisa, niccaṃ, idaṃ dhuvaṃ, idaṃ sassataṃ, idaṃ kevalaṃ, idaṃ acavanadhammaṃ, idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati. Ito ca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ natthī’’’ti.
“诸比丘,听了这话,我便对婆迦梵天说:‘婆迦梵天真是陷在无明里了!婆迦梵天真是陷在无明里了!他竟然把本来无常的说成是常的,把本来不坚固的说成是坚固的,把本来非永恒的说成是永恒的,把本来不圆满的说成是圆满的,把本来会坏灭的说成是不坏灭的;而且对于那有生、有老、有死、有没、有再生起的地方,他却说:“这确是不生、不老、不死、不没、不再生起。”明明有更上的出离,他却说:“没有其他更上的出离了。”’
Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, bhikkhave, bakaṃ brahmānaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘‘avijjāgato vata, bho, bako brahmā; avijjāgato vata, bho, bako brahmā; yatra hi nāma aniccaṃyeva samānaṃ niccanti vakkhati, addhuvaṃyeva samānaṃ dhuvanti vakkhati, asassataṃyeva samānaṃ sassatanti vakkhati, akevalaṃyeva samānaṃ kevalanti vakkhati, cavanadhammaṃyeva samānaṃ acavanadhammanti vakkhati; yattha ca pana jāyati jīyati mīyati cavati upapajjati tañca vakkhati – ‘idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjatī’ti; santañca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ ‘natthaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇa’nti vakkhatī’’ti.
502“诸比丘,那时,魔罗波旬附于一位梵天众之身,对我这样说:‘比丘,比丘!不要冒犯他,不要冒犯他!比丘,这位梵天即是大梵天、阿毗浮、不被阿毗浮、无所不见者、自在者、主宰者、创造者、制造者、最胜者、施设者、权力拥有者,是已生与当生一切众生之父。比丘,在你之前,世间有沙门和婆罗门曾谴责地大、厌离地大,谴责水大、厌离水大,谴责火大、厌离火大,谴责风大、厌离风大,谴责众生、厌离众生,谴责天神、厌离天神,谴责生主、厌离生主,谴责梵天、厌离梵天——他们身坏命终之后,皆投生于下劣之身。然而,比丘,在你之前,世间也有沙门和婆罗门曾称赞地大、喜好地大,称赞水大、喜好水大,称赞火大、喜好火大,称赞风大、喜好风大,称赞众生、喜好众生,称赞天神、喜好天神,称赞生主、喜好生主,称赞梵天、喜好梵天——他们身坏命终之后,皆投生于高尚之身。因此,比丘,我这样告诉你:“尊者,梵天对你说什么,你就照着做什么;不要违背梵天的话。”比丘,如果你违背梵天的话,那么,就如有人以棍棒驱赶迎面而来的吉祥女神;或者,比丘,就如一个即将坠下悬崖的人,手足挣扎而错过了能抓牢的地面。比丘,你的结局也将如此。所以,尊者,梵天对你说什么,你就照着做什么;不要违背梵天的话。比丘,你难道没有看见这些梵天众正聚集于此吗?’诸比丘,魔罗波旬就这样将梵天众指示给我看。”
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, māro pāpimā aññataraṃ brahmapārisajjaṃ anvāvisitvā maṃ etadavoca – ‘bhikkhu, bhikkhu, metamāsado metamāsado, eso hi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānaṃ. Ahesuṃ kho ye, bhikkhu, tayā pubbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā lokasmiṃ pathavīgarahakā pathavījigucchakā, āpagarahakā āpajigucchakā, tejagarahakā tejajigucchakā, vāyagarahakā vāyajigucchakā, bhūtagarahakā bhūtajigucchakā, devagarahakā devajigucchakā, pajāpatigarahakā pajāpatijigucchakā, brahmagarahakā brahmajigucchakā – te kāyassa bhedā pāṇupacchedā hīne kāye patiṭṭhitā ahesuṃ. Ye pana, bhikkhu, tayā pubbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā lokasmiṃ pathavīpasaṃsakā pathavābhinandino, āpapasaṃsakā āpābhinandino, tejapasaṃsakā tejābhinandino, vāyapasaṃsakā vāyābhinandino, bhūtapasaṃsakā bhūtābhinandino, devapasaṃsakā devābhinandino, pajāpatipasaṃsakā pajāpatābhinandino, brahmapasaṃsakā brahmābhinandino – te kāyassa bhedā pāṇupacchedā paṇīte kāye patiṭṭhitā. Taṃ tāhaṃ, bhikkhu, evaṃ vadāmi – ‘iṅgha tvaṃ, mārisa, yadeva te brahmā āha tadeva tvaṃ karohi, mā tvaṃ brahmuno vacanaṃ upātivattittho’. Sace kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, brahmuno vacanaṃ upātivattissasi, seyyathāpi nāma puriso siriṃ āgacchantiṃ daṇḍena paṭippaṇāmeyya, seyyathāpi vā pana, bhikkhu, puriso narakappapāte papatanto hatthehi ca pādehi ca pathaviṃ virādheyya, evaṃ sampadamidaṃ, bhikkhu, tuyhaṃ bhavissati. ‘Iṅghaṃ tvaṃ, mārisa, yadeva te brahmā āha tadeva tvaṃ karohi, mā tvaṃ brahmuno vacanaṃ upātivattittho. Nanu tvaṃ, bhikkhu, passasi brahmaparisaṃ sannipatita’nti? Iti kho maṃ, bhikkhave, māro pāpimā brahmaparisaṃ upanesi.
“如此说已,诸比丘,我对魔罗波旬这样说:‘魔罗,我了知你。你不要这样想:“他不了解我。”我知道你正是魔罗波旬。魔罗,不论是那位梵天,还是这些梵天众,以及所有梵天随从,全都落在你手中,全都在你的掌控之下。魔罗,你心里确实是这么想的:“希望此人也落在我手中,也在我的掌控之下。”然而,魔罗,我既不在你手中,也不在你的掌控之下。’”
‘‘Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, bhikkhave, māraṃ pāpimantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘jānāmi kho tāhaṃ, pāpima; mā tvaṃ maññittho – na maṃ jānātī’ti. Māro tvamasi, pāpima. Yo ceva, pāpima, brahmā, yā ca brahmaparisā, ye ca brahmapārisajjā, sabbeva tava hatthagatā sabbeva tava vasaṃgatā. Tuyhañhi, pāpima, evaṃ hoti – ‘esopi me assa hatthagato, esopi me assa vasaṃgato’ti. Ahaṃ kho pana, pāpima, neva tava hatthagato neva tava vasaṃgato’’ti.
503“诸比丘,我这样说后,婆迦梵天对我说:‘尊者,我确实说常的事物为“常”,说坚固的事物为“坚固”,说永恒的事物为“永恒”,说圆满的事物为“圆满”,说不坏灭的事物为“不坏灭”。对于那确实不生、不老、不死、不没、不再受生之处,我便说:“这确实不生、不老、不死、不没、不再受生。”对于没有其他更上出离之处,我便说:“没有其他更上的出离了。”比丘,在你之前,世间曾有沙门与婆罗门,他们的苦行持续了你整个寿命那般长久,他们自应知晓:“若有另外更上的出离,便是‘有另外更上的出离’;若无另外更上的出离,便是‘没有另外更上的出离’。”因此,比丘,我这样对你说:“你既不会见到另外更上的出离,而最终也只会得到疲劳与困扰这一份。比丘,你若执取地界,便会安属于我座下,成为我的住所受用者,随我所欲而被驱遣。你若执取水界……火界……风界……众生……天神……生主……梵天,便会安属于我座下,成为我的住所受用者,随我所欲而被驱遣。”’”
‘‘Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhave, bako brahmā maṃ etadavoca – ‘ahañhi, mārisa, niccaṃyeva samānaṃ niccanti vadāmi, dhuvaṃyeva samānaṃ dhuvanti vadāmi, sassataṃyeva samānaṃ sassatanti vadāmi, kevalaṃyeva samānaṃ kevalanti vadāmi, acavanadhammaṃyeva samānaṃ acavanadhamma’nti vadāmi, yattha ca pana na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati tadevāhaṃ vadāmi – ‘idañhi na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjatī’ti. Asantañca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ ‘natthaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇa’nti vadāmi. Ahesuṃ kho, bhikkhu, tayā pubbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā lokasmiṃ yāvatakaṃ tuyhaṃ kasiṇaṃ āyu tāvatakaṃ tesaṃ tapokammameva ahosi. Te kho evaṃ jāneyyuṃ – ‘santañca panaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ atthaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇanti, asantaṃ vā aññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ natthaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇa’nti. Taṃ tāhaṃ, bhikkhu, evaṃ vadāmi – ‘na cevaññaṃ uttari nissaraṇaṃ dakkhissasi, yāvadeva ca pana kilamathassa vighātassa bhāgī bhavissasi. Sace kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pathaviṃ ajjhosissasi, opasāyiko me bhavissasi vatthusāyiko, yathākāmakaraṇīyo bāhiteyyo. Sace āpaṃ… tejaṃ… vāyaṃ… bhūte… deve… pajāpatiṃ… brahmaṃ ajjhosissasi, opasāyiko me bhavissasi vatthusāyiko, yathākāmakaraṇīyo bāhiteyyo’ti.
梵天,我也如此了知:若我执取地,便会成为依附你而住者、隶属你领域者,任由你随意处置、可被你排除。若我执取水……执取火……执取风……执取众生……执取天……执取生主……执取梵天,我也会成为依附你而住者、隶属你领域者,任由你随意处置、可被你排除。然而,梵天,我更了知你的范围与光辉:‘婆迦梵天有这些大神通,婆迦梵天有这些大威力,婆迦梵天有这些大权威。’
‘‘Ahampi kho evaṃ, brahme, jānāmi – sace pathaviṃ ajjhosissāmi, opasāyiko te bhavissāmi vatthusāyiko, yathākāmakaraṇīyo bāhiteyyo. ‘Sace āpaṃ… tejaṃ… vāyaṃ… bhūte… deve… pajāpatiṃ… brahmaṃ ajjhosissāmi, opasāyiko te bhavissāmi vatthusāyiko, yathākāmakaraṇīyo bāhiteyyo’ti api ca te ahaṃ, brahme, gatiñca pajānāmi, jutiñca pajānāmi – evaṃ mahiddhiko bako brahmā, evaṃ mahānubhāvo bako brahmā, evaṃ mahesakkho bako brahmā’’ti.
那么,尊者,你又是如何了知我的范围与光辉的呢——了知‘婆迦梵天有这些大神通,婆迦梵天有这些大威力,婆迦梵天有这些大权威’呢?
‘‘Yathākathaṃ pana me tvaṃ, mārisa, gatiñca pajānāsi, jutiñca pajānāsi – ‘evaṃ mahiddhiko bako brahmā, evaṃ mahānubhāvo bako brahmā, evaṃ mahesakkho bako brahmā’ti?
日月运行所及之处,遍照诸方,光耀辉映;
在这千种世界之中,便是你威德所及之处。
你知高下胜劣,也知有贪者与离贪者;
以及众生的现世状态、来世状态,他们的来处与去处。”
‘‘Yāvatā candimasūriyā, pariharanti disā bhanti virocanā; Tāva sahassadhā loko, ettha te vattate vaso. ‘‘Paroparañca jānāsi, atho rāgavirāginaṃ; Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ, sattānaṃ āgatiṃ gati’’nti.
梵天,我正是如此了知你的范围与光辉:‘婆迦梵天有如此大的神通,婆迦梵天有如此大的威力,婆迦梵天有如此大的自在。’
‘‘Evaṃ kho te ahaṃ, brahme, gatiñca pajānāmi jutiñca pajānāmi – ‘evaṃ mahiddhiko bako brahmā, evaṃ mahānubhāvo bako brahmā, evaṃ mahesakkho bako brahmā’ti.
504梵天,确实有其他身,你既不知道也看不见;我知、我见。梵天,确实有一种名为光音天的身,你从那里死后投生于此。因你在此住世太久,记忆已然模糊,所以你既不知道也看不见它;我知、我见。纵然如此,梵天,我在证智上并不与你同等,又岂会低于你?我实则比你更殊胜。梵天,还有名为遍净天的身、名为广果天的身、名为阿毗浮天的身,你既不知道也看不见;我知、我见。纵然如此,梵天,我在证智上并不与你同等,又岂会低于你?我实则比你更殊胜。梵天,我以证智彻知‘地是地’之后,凡是地的地性所不能经验的,我也以证智了知。我不认作地,不在地中认作,不从地认作,不认作‘地是我的’,不称叹地。纵然如此,梵天,我在证智上并不与你同等,又岂会低于你?我实则比你更殊胜。梵天,水……火……风……众生……天……生主……梵天……光音天……遍净天……广果天……阿毗浮天……梵天,我以证智彻知‘一切即一切’之后,凡是一切的一切性所不能经验的,我也以证智了知。我不认作一切,不于一切中认作,不从一切认作,不认作‘一切是我的’,不称叹一切。纵然如此,梵天,我在证智上并不与你同等,又岂会低于你?我实则比你更殊胜。
‘‘Atthi kho, brahme, añño kāyo, taṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi; tamahaṃ jānāmi passāmi. Atthi kho, brahme, ābhassarā nāma kāyo yato tvaṃ cuto idhūpapanno. Tassa te aticiranivāsena sā sati pamuṭṭhā, tena taṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi; tamahaṃ jānāmi passāmi. Evampi kho ahaṃ, brahme, neva te samasamo abhiññāya, kuto nīceyyaṃ? Atha kho ahameva tayā bhiyyo. Atthi kho, brahme, subhakiṇho nāma kāyo, vehapphalo nāma kāyo, abhibhū nāma kāyo, taṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi; tamahaṃ jānāmi passāmi. Evampi kho ahaṃ, brahme, neva te samasamo abhiññāya, kuto nīceyyaṃ? Atha kho ahameva tayā bhiyyo. Pathaviṃ kho ahaṃ, brahme, pathavito abhiññāya yāvatā pathaviyā pathavattena ananubhūtaṃ tadabhiññāya pathaviṃ nāpahosiṃ, pathaviyā nāpahosiṃ, pathavito nāpahosiṃ, pathaviṃ meti nāpahosiṃ, pathaviṃ nābhivadiṃ. Evampi kho ahaṃ, brahme, neva te samasamo abhiññāya, kuto nīceyyaṃ? Atha kho ahameva tayā bhiyyo. Āpaṃ kho ahaṃ, brahme…pe… tejaṃ kho ahaṃ, brahme…pe… vāyaṃ kho ahaṃ, brahme…pe… bhūte kho ahaṃ, brahme…pe… deve kho ahaṃ, brahme…pe… pajāpatiṃ kho ahaṃ, brahme…pe… brahmaṃ kho ahaṃ, brahme…pe… ābhassare kho ahaṃ, brahme…pe… subhakiṇhe kho ahaṃ, brahme… …pe… vehapphale kho ahaṃ, brahme…pe… abhibhuṃ kho ahaṃ, brahme…pe… sabbaṃ kho ahaṃ, brahme, sabbato abhiññāya yāvatā sabbassa sabbattena ananubhūtaṃ tadabhiññāya sabbaṃ nāpahosiṃ sabbasmiṃ nāpahosiṃ sabbato nāpahosiṃ sabbaṃ meti nāpahosiṃ, sabbaṃ nābhivadiṃ. Evampi kho ahaṃ, brahme, neva te samasamo abhiññāya, kuto nīceyyaṃ? Atha kho ahameva tayā bhiyyo’’ti.
尊者,若您以证智了知那不被一切性所经验者,切莫让它仅仅成为空洞虚无之物啊。
‘‘Sace kho, mārisa, sabbassa sabbattena ananubhūtaṃ, tadabhiññāya mā heva te rittakameva ahosi, tucchakameva ahosī’’ti .
那无相、无边、遍照的识,不为地的地性所经验,不为水的水性所经验,不为火的火性所经验,不为风的风性所经验,不为众生的众生性所经验,不为天的天性所经验,不为生主的生主性所经验,不为梵天的梵天性所经验,不为光音天的光音天性所经验,不为遍净天的遍净天性所经验,不为广果天的广果天性所经验,不为阿毗浮天的阿毗浮性所经验,不为一切的一切性所经验。
‘‘‘Viññāṇaṃ anidassanaṃ anantaṃ sabbato pabhaṃ’, taṃ pathaviyā pathavattena ananubhūtaṃ, āpassa āpattena ananubhūtaṃ, tejassa tejattena ananubhūtaṃ, vāyassa vāyattena ananubhūtaṃ, bhūtānaṃ bhūtattena ananubhūtaṃ, devānaṃ devattena ananubhūtaṃ, pajāpatissa pajāpatittena ananubhūtaṃ, brahmānaṃ brahmattena ananubhūtaṃ, ābhassarānaṃ ābhassarattena ananubhūtaṃ, subhakiṇhānaṃ subhakiṇhattena ananubhūtaṃ, vehapphalānaṃ vehapphalatte ananubhūtaṃ, abhibhussa abhibhuttena ananubhūtaṃ, sabbassa sabbattena ananubhūtaṃ’’.
“那么,尊者,看我于你面前隐没吧!”“那好,梵天,你若能,便在我面前隐没吧。”那时,诸比丘,婆迦梵天心想:“我将在沙门乔达摩面前隐没,我将在沙门乔达摩面前隐没!”却根本无法在我面前隐没。
‘‘Handa carahi te, mārisa, passa antaradhāyāmī’’ti. ‘Handa carahi me tvaṃ, brahme, antaradhāyassu, sace visahasī’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, bako brahmā ‘antaradhāyissāmi samaṇassa gotamassa, antaradhāyissāmi samaṇassa gotamassā’ti nevassu me sakkoti antaradhāyituṃ.
如此说后,诸比丘,我对婆迦梵天说道:“那好,梵天,看我于你面前隐没吧。”“那好,尊者,你若能,便在我面前隐没吧。”那时,诸比丘,我发起如是神通决意:“令梵天、梵天众及梵天眷属唯闻我声,而不见我身。”如此隐没后,我说此偈:
‘‘Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, bhikkhave, bakaṃ brahmānaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘handa carahi te brahme antaradhāyāmī’ti. ‘Handa carahi me tvaṃ, mārisa, antaradhāyassu sace visahasī’ti. Atha kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsiṃ – ‘ettāvatā brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca saddañca me sossanti , na ca maṃ dakkhantī’ti. Antarahito imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsiṃ –
我见‘有’的怖畏,亦见那寻求‘无有’的‘有’;
我不认同任何‘有’,亦不执取喜贪。
‘‘Bhavevāhaṃ bhayaṃ disvā, bhavañca vibhavesinaṃ; Bhavaṃ nābhivadiṃ kiñci, nandiñca na upādiyi’’nti.
那时,诸比丘,梵天、梵众与梵天眷属,心中生起未曾有之惊叹:‘真是稀有!真是奇妙!沙门乔达摩竟有如此大神力、如此大威力!我们往昔从未见过,也从未听说过,有其他沙门或婆罗门能像这位从释迦族出家的释迦子沙门乔达摩一样,具足如此大神力、大威力。对于那些乐于“有”、爱着“有”、欢喜“有”的众生……’
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmā ca brahmaparisā ca brahmapārisajjā ca acchariyabbhutacittajātā ahesuṃ – ‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho! Samaṇassa gotamassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā, na ca vata no ito pubbe diṭṭho vā, suto vā, añño samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃ mahiddhiko evaṃ mahānubhāvo yathāyaṃ samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito. Bhavarāmāya vata, bho, pajāya bhavaratāya bhavasammuditāya samūlaṃ bhavaṃ udabbahī’ti.
505诸比丘,那时,魔罗波旬附入一位梵天眷属之身,对我这样说:‘尊者,如果你确实如此了知,如果你确实如此觉悟,就不要接引弟子,不要接引出家众;不要为弟子说法,不要为出家众说法;不要对弟子生起贪恋,不要对出家众生起贪恋。比丘,在你之前,世间曾有一些沙门、婆罗门,自称是阿拉汉、正自觉者。他们接引弟子、接引出家众,为弟子说法、为出家众说法,对弟子生起贪恋、对出家众生起贪恋;他们接引了弟子、出家众,为弟子、出家众说法,并对弟子、出家众心生贪恋之后,身坏命终,投生在下劣之身中。比丘,在你之前,世间也曾有一些沙门、婆罗门,自称是阿拉汉、正自觉者。他们不接引弟子、不接引出家众,不为弟子说法、不为出家众说法,不对弟子生起贪恋、不对出家众生起贪恋;他们没有接引弟子、出家众,没有为弟子、出家众说法,也没有对弟子、出家众心生贪恋,身坏命终,投生在殊胜之身中。因此,比丘,我这样告诉你:来吧,尊者,你应少事少务,致力安住于现法乐住。尊者,不宣说善法更好,不要教诫他人。’
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, māro pāpimā aññataraṃ brahmapārisajjaṃ anvāvisitvā maṃ etadavoca – ‘sace kho tvaṃ, mārisa, evaṃ pajānāsi, sace tvaṃ evaṃ anubuddho, mā sāvake upanesi, mā pabbajite; mā sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desesi, mā pabbajitānaṃ; mā sāvakesu gedhimakāsi, mā pabbajitesu. Ahesuṃ kho, bhikkhu, tayā pubbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā lokasmiṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā paṭijānamānā . Te sāvake upanesuṃ pabbajite, sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desesuṃ pabbajitānaṃ, sāvakesu gedhimakaṃsu pabbajitesu, te sāvake upanetvā pabbajite, sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desetvā pabbajitānaṃ, sāvakesu gedhitacittā pabbajitesu, kāyassa bhedā pāṇupacchedā hīne kāye patiṭṭhitā. Ahesuṃ ye pana, bhikkhu, tayā pubbe samaṇabrāhmaṇā lokasmiṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā paṭijānamānā. Te na sāvake upanesuṃ na pabbajite, na sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desesuṃ na pabbajitānaṃ, na sāvakesu gedhimakaṃsu na pabbajitesu, te na sāvake upanetvā na pabbajite, na sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desetvā na pabbajitānaṃ, na sāvakesu gedhitacittā na pabbajitesu, kāyassa bhedā pāṇupacchedā paṇīte kāye patiṭṭhitā. Taṃ tāhaṃ, bhikkhu, evaṃ vadāmi – iṅgha tvaṃ, mārisa, appossukko diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharassu, anakkhātaṃ kusalañhi, mārisa, mā paraṃ ovadāhī’ti.
诸比丘,当我如此说罢,便对魔罗波旬如是说:‘波旬,我知你。你莫以为“他不知我”。你正是魔罗,波旬。波旬,你并非出于利益与哀愍而对我这样说;波旬,你是出于无利与无愍而对我这样说。波旬,因为你心里这样想:“凡是沙门乔达摩为之说法的人,他们都将超逾我的领域。”波旬,过去那些并非正自觉者,却自称是正自觉。而我,波旬,是真正的正自觉者,我自称是正自觉。波旬,如来为弟子说法时如是,不为弟子说法时亦如是。波旬,如来引导弟子时如是,不引导弟子时亦如是。这是什么缘故呢?波旬,因为如来那些有漏、有染污、能引再生、伴随怖畏、导致苦报、为未来生老死之因的烦恼,已彻底断除,根已截断,如截顶的多罗树,归于无有,未来不再生起。波旬,恰如截顶的多罗树,已不能生长;同样地,波旬,如来那些有漏、有染污、能引再生、伴随怖畏、导致苦报、为未来生老死之因的烦恼,已彻底断除,根已截断,如截顶的多罗树,归于无有,未来不再生起。’
‘‘Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, bhikkhave, māraṃ pāpimantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘jānāmi kho tāhaṃ, pāpima, mā tvaṃ maññittho – na maṃ jānātī’ti. Māro tvamasi, pāpima. Na maṃ tvaṃ, pāpima, hitānukampī evaṃ vadesi; ahitānukampī maṃ tvaṃ, pāpima, evaṃ vadesi. Tuyhañhi, pāpima, evaṃ hoti – ‘yesaṃ samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ desessati, te me visayaṃ upātivattissantī’ti. Asammāsambuddhāva pana te , pāpima, samānā sammāsambuddhāmhāti paṭijāniṃsu. Ahaṃ kho pana, pāpima, sammāsambuddhova samāno sammāsambuddhomhīti paṭijānāmi. Desentopi hi, pāpima, tathāgato sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ tādisova adesentopi hi, pāpima, tathāgato sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ tādisova. Upanentopi hi, pāpima, tathāgato sāvake tādisova, anupanentopi hi, pāpima, tathāgato sāvake tādisova. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathāgatassa, pāpima, ye āsavā saṃkilesikā ponobbhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā – te pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Seyyathāpi, pāpima, tālo matthakacchinno abhabbo puna virūḷhiyā; evameva kho, pāpima, tathāgatassa ye āsavā saṃkilesikā ponobbhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā – te pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammāti.
因此,由魔罗的不对话与梵天的邀请,这部记说便名为《梵天邀请》。
‘‘Iti hidaṃ mārassa ca anālapanatāya brahmuno ca abhinimantanatāya, tasmā imassa veyyākaraṇassa brahmanimantanikaṃteva adhivacana’’nti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Bhagavā | 乔达摩 | 佛陀,说法者 |
| Baka Brahmā | 婆迦梵天 | 生起邪见的梵天 |
| Māro Pāpimā | 魔罗波旬 | 魔罗,试图干扰者 |
| brahmapārisajjā | 梵众 | 梵天界眷属 |
事件
佛陀在祇树给孤独园对比丘们讲述往事:他曾前往梵天界,破斥婆迦梵天执著其境界为“常、恒、永恒”的邪见。魔罗波旬附身梵众,先恐吓佛陀要顺从梵天,后又假意劝诱佛陀不教导众生,以免死后堕落。佛陀一一识破并降伏魔罗,最终以神通隐身说法,令梵众惊叹,连根拔除了他们对“有”的贪著。
经文摘要
婆迦梵天生起“此界永恒为最高”的邪见 → 佛陀以胜智破斥,指出尚有更胜境界,并声明自己不执取任何一法 → 魔罗出面干扰,佛陀点破其意图,并表明漏尽解脱者不再受其控制。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解)
核心
这篇经在讲一个根本性的错见:把暂时的安乐窝当成永恒的归宿。婆迦梵天觉得自己这个境界不生不死,就是终极天花板了。佛陀直接点出他“确实到达无明了”,因为“对无常的说为常”。
佛陀不是来比神通的,他是来做一个更彻底的宣告。他说:“我不认为‘我是地’,不认为‘我在地中’……我不欢喜地。” → 拆开看: 不管你执著的是最粗糙的物质(地水火风),还是最高级的禅定境界(各种梵天身),只要你心里生起“这是我的”或“我在这里面”,你就立刻落入那个境界的掌控,成为“魔罗的附属者”。佛陀的胜出,不在于他比梵天多了几层天界知识,而在于他对任何界、任何“身”都彻底不认同、不执取。
经文最后,魔罗劝佛陀“不要教导他人”,佛陀的回应就是一部完整的觉悟者宣言。他说如来的诸漏“已被舍断,如多罗树头被切断,未来不再生起”。 → 拆开看: 这意味着他不是因为有学生才解脱,也不会因为没学生就堕落。他的内在已没有任何能被“有”(生、存续的渴爱)牵着走的钩子。即使梵众赞叹他“连根拔除了有”,也动摇不了这种稳固的解脱。
→ 一句话要旨: 真正的解脱不是爬到宇宙最高位,而是识破一切位置(包括梵天界)都是生灭法,内心对任何存在模式都不再执取为“我”或“我的”。
关键术语锚
- bhava → 有: 缘起第十支,指存在、再生的驱动力或境界。易错译为简单的“拥有”,这里是实指一种轮回中的生存状态,梵天界仍属于“有”。
- abhisamaya → 证智: 以智慧透彻了知。易被神化,它指佛陀现观真理的亲身亲见,是他能与梵天对决的底气,不是推理知识。
- bāla → 无明/愚(者): 佛陀斥梵天“到达无明”,这里指对苦、无常、无我的根本无知,不是骂人笨。梵天的错不在智商,而在于根本见地上的颠倒。
- bhūta → 已生/生物: 经中列于地水火风之后,指众生、有生命的形态。易与四大混淆,它是泛指一切有情生命体。
- viññāṇaṃ anidassanaṃ anantaṃ sabbatopabhaṃ → “无所显示、无边、一切处光明的识”: 这是经中极深难解的术语,指一种不攀缘任何对象(地、水、火、风、梵天等)的觉知状态,是超越一切界定的解脱识。极易与唯识学的“阿赖耶识”或无色界禅中的“识无边处”相混淆,但它特指漏尽者的无执著之觉。