491 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在憍赏弥的瞿师罗园。那时,憍赏弥的比丘们陷于争论、陷于争吵、陷于争执,以口箭互相刺伤而住。他们无法互相说服,也不被说服;无法互相劝解,也不被劝解。于是,有一位比丘来到世尊处,顶礼世尊后,坐在一旁。坐定后,那位比丘对世尊说:“尊者!在此,憍赏弥的比丘们陷于争论、陷于争吵、陷于争执,以口箭互相刺伤而住。他们无法互相说服,也不被说服;无法互相劝解,也不被劝解。”显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena kosambiyaṃ bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Te na ceva aññamaññaṃ saññāpenti na ca saññattiṃ upenti, na ca aññamaññaṃ nijjhāpenti, na ca nijjhattiṃ upenti. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante, kosambiyaṃ bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti, te na ceva aññamaññaṃ saññāpenti, na ca saññattiṃ upenti, na ca aññamaññaṃ nijjhāpenti, na ca nijjhattiṃ upentī’’ti.
于是,世尊唤来一位比丘,对他说道:“来,比丘,你以我的名义去告知那些比丘:大师招呼诸位贤者。”“是的,尊者。”那位比丘应诺世尊后,便前往那些比丘所在之处。到了之后,对那些比丘这样说道:“大师招呼诸位贤者。”“好的,贤友。”那些比丘应诺那位比丘后,便前往世尊之处。到了之后,顶礼世尊,退坐一面。世尊对退坐一面的那些比丘如是说道:“诸比丘,听说你们确实陷于争论、争吵与争执,彼此以口舌之箭相互刺伤而共住;你们既不能说服对方,也不接受说服;既不能劝解对方,也不接受劝解,这是真的吗?”“是的,尊者。”“诸比丘,你们意下如何?当你们这样陷于争论、争吵与争执,彼此以口舌之箭相互刺伤而共住的时候,那时你们对同梵行者,不论是在明处还是暗处,是否有慈爱的身业现前呢?是否有慈爱的语业……是否有慈爱的意业现前呢?”“没有,尊者。”“诸比丘,既然如此,当你们这样陷于争论、争吵与争执,彼此以口舌之箭相互刺伤而共住的时候,那时你们对同梵行者,不论是在明处还是暗处,慈爱的身业未曾现前,慈爱的语业未曾现前,慈爱的意业也未曾现前。那么,你们这些愚人,究竟是知什么、见什么,以至于陷于争论、争吵与争执,彼此以口舌之箭相互刺伤而共住,既不能说服对方,也不接受说服;既不能劝解对方,也不接受劝解呢?你们这些愚人,这将在长夜里为你们带来无益与痛苦。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena te bhikkhū āmantehi – ‘satthā vo āyasmante āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ , bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharatha, te na ceva aññamaññaṃ saññāpetha, na ca saññattiṃ upetha, na ca aññamaññaṃ nijjhāpetha, na ca nijjhattiṃ upethā’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ tumhe samaye bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharatha, api nu tumhākaṃ tasmiṃ samaye mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca, mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ…pe… mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho cā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Iti kira, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ tumhe samaye bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharatha, neva tumhākaṃ tasmiṃ samaye mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca, na mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ…pe… na mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Atha kiñcarahi tumhe, moghapurisā, kiṃ jānantā kiṃ passantā bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharatha, te na ceva aññamaññaṃ saññāpetha, na ca saññattiṃ upetha, na ca aññamaññaṃ nijjhāpetha, na ca nijjhattiṃ upetha ? Tañhi tumhākaṃ, moghapurisā, bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā’’ti.
492 接着,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,有六种法,是值得忆念的,能生喜爱,能生尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、团结。哪六种呢?诸比丘,于此,有比丘对同梵行者,不论在明处还是暗处,皆现起慈爱的身业。这也是一种值得忆念、能生喜爱、能生尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、团结的法。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘chayime, bhikkhave, dhammā sāraṇīyā piyakaraṇā garukaraṇā saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattanti. Katame cha? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
“再者,诸比丘,有比丘对同梵行者,不论在明处还是暗处,皆现起慈爱的语业。这也是一种值得忆念、能生喜爱、能生尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、团结的法。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekibhāvāya saṃvattati.
再者,诸比丘,比丘于同梵行者,不论在人前还是独处,皆安住于慈爱的意业。这也是一种可忆念的法,能带来喜爱、带来尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、团结。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ hoti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
再者,诸比丘,比丘对于如法所得、依法获得的利养,乃至仅钵中所受的一点点,也不独自受用,而与具戒的同梵行者共同受用。这也是一种可忆念的法,能带来喜爱、带来尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合、团结。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te lābhā dhammikā dhammaladdhā antamaso pattapariyāpannamattampi, tathārūpehi lābhehi appaṭivibhattabhogī hoti sīlavantehi sabrahmacārīhi sādhāraṇabhogī. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
“再者,诸比丘,比丘与同梵行者一起,不论在人前还是独处时,都同样安住于那些无缺、无漏、无垢、无杂、解脱、为智者所称叹、无执取、能导向定的戒。这也是一种可忆念的法,能带来喜爱、带来尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合与一体。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
“复次,诸比丘,比丘与同梵行者,无论在众人前或独处时,都一致安住于那种圣的、出离之见——这种见能引导实行者正确灭尽苦。这也是可忆念法,能带来喜爱与尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合与统一。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhisāmaññagato viharati sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca. Ayampi dhammo sāraṇīyo piyakaraṇo garukaraṇo saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattati.
诸比丘,这六种可忆念法,能带来喜爱与尊重,导向摄受、无诤、和合与统一。诸比丘,在这六种可忆念法中,这是最高的、是统摄的、是结为一体的,即那种圣的、出离之见,能引导实行者正确灭尽苦。诸比丘,譬如尖顶屋,其屋顶是最高、统摄而结为一体的。同样地,诸比丘,在这六种可忆念法中,这是最高的、是统摄的、是结为一体的,即那种圣的、出离之见,能引导实行者正确灭尽苦。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ime kho, bhikkhave, cha sāraṇīyā dhammā piyakaraṇā garukaraṇā saṅgahāya avivādāya sāmaggiyā ekībhāvāya saṃvattanti. Imesaṃ kho, bhikkhave, channaṃ sāraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ etaṃ aggaṃ etaṃ saṅgāhikaṃ etaṃ saṅghāṭanikaṃ – yadidaṃ yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kūṭāgārassa etaṃ aggaṃ etaṃ saṅgāhikaṃ etaṃ saṅghāṭanikaṃ yadidaṃ kūṭaṃ; evameva kho, bhikkhave , imesaṃ channaṃ sāraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ etaṃ aggaṃ etaṃ saṅgāhikaṃ etaṃ saṅghāṭanikaṃ yadidaṃ yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya.
493 “诸比丘,那种圣的、导向出离的见,如何引导如实实践者正确地灭尽苦呢?诸比丘,在此,一位比丘前往林野,或前往树下,或前往空寂处之后,这样反思:‘我内心是否尚有未舍断的缠缚,令我被那缠缚所困的心,不能如实知、如实见呢?’诸比丘,如果那位比丘被欲贪所缠缚,他的心即为缠缚所困。诸比丘,如果那位比丘被嗔恚所缠缚,他的心即为缠缚所困。诸比丘,如果那位比丘被昏沉睡眠所缠缚,他的心即为缠缚所困。诸比丘,如果那位比丘被掉举追悔所缠缚,他的心即为缠缚所困。诸比丘,如果那位比丘被疑惑所缠缚,他的心即为缠缚所困。诸比丘,如果那位比丘热衷于思量此世间,他的心即为缠缚所困。诸比丘,如果那位比丘热衷于思量他世间,他的心即为缠缚所困。诸比丘,如果那位比丘起争论、生口角、陷入争执,以口箭互相刺伤而住,他的心即为缠缚所困。他这样了知:‘我内心没有那未舍断的缠缚,令我被那缠缚所困的心,不能如实知、如实见。我的心已善安住于诸谛的觉悟。’这是他证得的第一种智,圣的、出世间的、凡夫所不共的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘atthi nu kho me taṃ pariyuṭṭhānaṃ ajjhattaṃ appahīnaṃ, yenāhaṃ pariyuṭṭhānena pariyuṭṭhitacitto yathābhūtaṃ nappajāneyyaṃ na passeyya’nti? Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāmarāgapariyuṭṭhito hoti, pariyuṭṭhitacittova hoti. Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu byāpādapariyuṭṭhito hoti, pariyuṭṭhitacittova hoti. Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu thīnamiddhapariyuṭṭhito hoti, pariyuṭṭhitacittova hoti. Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uddhaccakukkuccapariyuṭṭhito hoti, pariyuṭṭhitacittova hoti. Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vicikicchāpariyuṭṭhito hoti, pariyuṭṭhitacittova hoti. Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu idhalokacintāya pasuto hoti, pariyuṭṭhitacittova hoti. Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paralokacintāya pasuto hoti, pariyuṭṭhitacittova hoti. Sace, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bhaṇḍanajāto kalahajāto vivādāpanno aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudanto viharati, pariyuṭṭhitacittova hoti . So evaṃ pajānāti – ‘natthi kho me taṃ pariyuṭṭhānaṃ ajjhattaṃ appahīnaṃ, yenāhaṃ pariyuṭṭhānena pariyuṭṭhitacitto yathābhūtaṃ nappajāneyyaṃ na passeyyaṃ. Suppaṇihitaṃ me mānasaṃ saccānaṃ bodhāyā’ti. Idamassa paṭhamaṃ ñāṇaṃ adhigataṃ hoti ariyaṃ lokuttaraṃ asādhāraṇaṃ puthujjanehi.
494 “再者,诸比丘,圣弟子这样反思:‘我若修习、培育、多修此见,是否亲身证得宁静、亲身证得寂灭呢?’他了知:‘我若修习、培育、多修此见,便亲身证得宁静、亲身证得寂灭。’这是他证得的第二种智,是圣的、出世间的、凡夫所不共的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘imaṃ nu kho ahaṃ diṭṭhiṃ āsevanto bhāvento bahulīkaronto labhāmi paccattaṃ samathaṃ, labhāmi paccattaṃ nibbuti’nti? So evaṃ pajānāti – ‘imaṃ kho ahaṃ diṭṭhiṃ āsevanto bhāvento bahulīkaronto labhāmi paccattaṃ samathaṃ, labhāmi paccattaṃ nibbuti’nti. Idamassa dutiyaṃ ñāṇaṃ adhigataṃ hoti ariyaṃ lokuttaraṃ asādhāraṇaṃ puthujjanehi.
495 “再者,诸比丘,圣弟子这样反思:‘在此教法之外,有其他沙门或婆罗门,具足如我一样的见吗?’他了知:‘在此教法之外,没有任何沙门或婆罗门,具足如我一样的见。’这是他证得的第三种智,是圣的、出世间的、凡夫所不共的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yathā rūpāyāhaṃ diṭṭhiyā samannāgato, atthi nu kho ito bahiddhā añño samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā samannāgato’ti? So evaṃ pajānāti – ‘yathārūpāyāhaṃ diṭṭhiyā samannāgato, natthi ito bahiddhā añño samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā samannāgato’ti. Idamassa tatiyaṃ ñāṇaṃ adhigataṃ hoti ariyaṃ lokuttaraṃ asādhāraṇaṃ puthujjanehi.
496 再者,诸比丘,圣弟子这样反思:‘具足正见者所具足的法性特质,我是否也同样具足?’诸比丘,具足正见者所具足的是怎样的法性特质呢?诸比丘,这是具足正见者的法性特质:他虽可能违犯某种可出罪的过失,却会立刻向导师、智者或同梵行者发露、公开、坦承;发露、公开、坦承之后,便能在未来防护、约束自己。诸比丘,犹如幼小、稚嫩、尚在襁褓的婴儿,手脚碰到火炭便立刻缩回;同样地,诸比丘,这是具足正见者的法性特质:他虽可能违犯某种可出罪的过失,却会立刻向导师、智者或同梵行者发露、公开、坦承;发露、公开、坦承之后,便能在未来防护、约束自己。他了知:‘具足正见者所具足的是这样的法性特质,我也同样具足。’这是他证得的第四种智,是圣的、出世间的、凡夫所不共的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yathārūpāya dhammatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato, ahampi tathārūpāya dhammatāya samannāgato’ti. Kathaṃrūpāya ca, bhikkhave, dhammatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato? Dhammatā esā, bhikkhave, diṭṭhisampannassa puggalassa – ‘kiñcāpi tathārūpiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, yathārūpāya āpattiyā vuṭṭhānaṃ paññāyati, atha kho naṃ khippameva satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu deseti vivarati uttānīkaroti; desetvā vivaritvā uttānīkatvā āyatiṃ saṃvaraṃ āpajjati’. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, daharo kumāro mando uttānaseyyako hatthena vā pādena vā aṅgāraṃ akkamitvā khippameva paṭisaṃharati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, dhammatā esā diṭṭhisampannassa puggalassa – ‘kiñcāpi tathārūpiṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati yathārūpāya āpattiyā vuṭṭhānaṃ paññāyati, atha kho naṃ khippameva satthari vā viññūsu vā sabrahmacārīsu deseti vivarati uttānīkaroti; desetvā vivaritvā uttānīkatvā āyatiṃ saṃvaraṃ āpajjati’. So evaṃ pajānāti – ‘yathārūpāya dhammatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato, ahampi tathārūpāya dhammatāya samannāgato’ti. Idamassa catutthaṃ ñāṇaṃ adhigataṃ hoti ariyaṃ lokuttaraṃ asādhāraṇaṃ puthujjanehi.
497 比丘们,再者,圣弟子这样内省:‘具正见者所具足的法性,我亦具足。’比丘们,那么,具正见者所具足的法性是怎样的呢?比丘们,这就是具正见者的法性:即使他积极投身于同梵行者们种种大小事务,内心依然对增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学怀有殷切的向往。比丘们,譬如有母牛带着幼犊,一边吃草,一边顾念着小牛。比丘们,正是如此,这是具正见者的法性:即使他积极投身于同梵行者们种种大小事务,内心依然对增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学怀有殷切的向往。他这样了知:‘具正见者所具足的法性,我亦具足。’这是他所证得的第五种智,是圣的、出世间的,为凡夫所不共通。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yathārūpāya dhammatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato, ahampi tathārūpāya dhammatāya samannāgato’ti. Kathaṃrūpāya ca, bhikkhave, dhammatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato? Dhammatā esā, bhikkhave, diṭṭhisampannassa puggalassa – ‘kiñcāpi yāni tāni sabrahmacārīnaṃ uccāvacāni kiṃkaraṇīyāni tattha ussukkaṃ āpanno hoti, atha khvāssa tibbāpekkhā hoti adhisīlasikkhāya adhicittasikkhāya adhipaññāsikkhāya’. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gāvī taruṇavacchā thambañca ālumpati vacchakañca apacinati; evameva kho, bhikkhave , dhammatā esā diṭṭhisampannassa puggalassa – ‘kiñcāpi yāni tāni sabrahmacārīnaṃ uccāvacāni kiṃkaraṇīyāni tattha ussukkaṃ āpanno hoti, atha khvāssa tibbāpekkhā hoti adhisīlasikkhāya adhicittasikkhāya adhipaññāsikkhāya’. So evaṃ pajānāti – ‘yathārūpāya dhammatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato, ahampi tathārūpāya dhammatāya samannāgato’ti. Idamassa pañcamaṃ ñāṇaṃ adhigataṃ hoti ariyaṃ lokuttaraṃ asādhāraṇaṃ puthujjanehi.
498 诸比丘,再者,圣弟子这样自我反省:‘具见者拥有怎样的力量,我也同样拥有那样的力量。’诸比丘,具见者拥有怎样的力量呢?诸比丘,这是具见者的力量:当如来所宣说的法与律被教导时,他专注、倾心、全心全意、倾耳谛听。他了知:‘具见者拥有这样的力量,我也同样拥有那样的力量。’这是他证得的第六种智,是圣的、出世间的,不是凡夫所共通的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yathārūpāya balatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato, ahampi tathārūpāya balatāya samannāgato’ti. Kathaṃrūpāya ca, bhikkhave, balatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato? Balatā esā, bhikkhave, diṭṭhisampannassa puggalassa yaṃ tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye desiyamāne aṭṭhiṃkatvā manasikatvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇāti. So evaṃ pajānāti – ‘yathārūpāya balatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato, ahampi tathārūpāya balatāya samannāgato’ti. Idamassa chaṭṭhaṃ ñāṇaṃ adhigataṃ hoti ariyaṃ lokuttaraṃ asādhāraṇaṃ puthujjanehi.
499 诸比丘,再者,圣弟子这样自我反省:‘具见者拥有怎样的力量,我也同样拥有那样的力量。’诸比丘,具见者拥有怎样的力量呢?诸比丘,这是具见者的力量:当如来所宣说的法与律被教导时,他能领解义理,体得法味,并获得与法相应的喜悦。他了知:‘具见者拥有这样的力量,我也同样拥有那样的力量。’这是他证得的第七种智,是圣的、出世间的,不是凡夫所共通的。显示巴利原文
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yathārūpāya balatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato, ahampi tathārūpāya balatāya samannāgato’ti. Kathaṃrūpāya ca, bhikkhave, balatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato? Balatā esā, bhikkhave, diṭṭhisampannassa puggalassa yaṃ tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye desiyamāne labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ. So evaṃ pajānāti – ‘yathārūpāya balatāya diṭṭhisampanno puggalo samannāgato, ahampi tathārūpāya balatāya samannāgato’ti. Idamassa sattamaṃ ñāṇaṃ adhigataṃ hoti ariyaṃ lokuttaraṃ asādhāraṇaṃ puthujjanehi.
500 诸比丘,当圣弟子具备这七支时,他便通过亲证入流果,善巧洞察了法性。诸比丘,具备这七支的圣弟子,即是成就入流果者。显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ sattaṅgasamannāgatassa kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa dhammatā susamanniṭṭhā hoti sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya. Evaṃ sattaṅgasamannāgato kho, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako sotāpattiphalasamannāgato hotī’’ti.
世尊如是说已。诸比丘心生欢喜,于佛所说欢喜赞叹。显示巴利原文
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
《憍赏弥经》第八显示巴利原文
Kosambiyasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 导师,教导六种可忆念法及七支圣智 Kosambiyaṃ bhikkhū 憍赏弥的比丘们 发生争论、互相口箭刺伤的僧团成员,世尊教诫的对象 Aññataro bhikkhu 某位比丘 向世尊报告僧团争执的信使
地点 国桑比(Kosambī)的瞿师多园(Ghositārāma)。
事件 国桑比的比丘们陷入激烈争吵,互以口箭相刺,不肯互相理解。一位比丘将此事通报世尊,世尊召集这些比丘,质问他们在此状态下是否还能对同修现起慈爱身口意业。在得到否定答复后,世尊严厉呵责这种愚行,随后教导六种能带来和合的“可忆念法”,并深入开示其中最为核心的“圣的、出离的、导向苦尽的见”及其所证的七种圣智。
经文摘要 比丘争吵起风波(A)→ 世尊呵责并教导六种和合法(B)→ 深入解说“圣见”与七种出世之智(C)。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 世尊告诉我们,僧团和谐的终极粘合剂不是压制,而是大家共享同一种出世间的圣见,并通过自我反思来亲自确认它。
1. 背景:争吵让修行崩塌
整个事件的导火索是僧人之间的“争论吵、陷入争执,以口箭互相刺伤而住”。世尊没有先问谁对谁错,而是一针见血地问:你们在互相攻击的时候,心里还有对同修的“慈爱的身业、语业、意业”吗?答案是“没有”。这揭示了一个残酷的事实:争吵会瞬间摧毁修行的根基——慈爱与尊重,这种行为是“长久导致你们的无益与痛苦”的愚行。
2. 核心:从“表面和谐”到“根本见地”
为了对治分裂,世尊提出了“六种可忆念法”(慈爱身语意、共享利养、共同持戒、共同见解)。但他明确指出:“在这六种法中,最上的、摄受的、结合的——即那圣的、出离的、引导行者正向苦尽的见”。他用“尖顶屋”来比喻:戒律、慈爱、分享都像房子的四壁,而那个圣见才是将一切联结为一体的屋顶尖。没有这个,和谐只是暂时的休战;有了这个,和谐才坚不可摧。
3. 要旨:圣见不是学来的,是“省察”来的
那么,这个“圣见”究竟是什么?它不是一个哲学观点,而是一个通过深刻自我省察获得的亲身体证。经文花了大量篇幅描述一位比丘“去到林野,或去到树下,或去到空寂之处”进行的内心质询。他反复审视自己内心是否还有“未舍断的缠缚”(五盖等烦恼),直到他能肯定:“我的心已善安立于诸谛的觉悟。”
- → 一句话要旨: 真正的和谐与解脱,不来自停止争吵,而来自每个人都通过向内省察,铲除烦恼缠绕,从而共同立足于那超越争论的真理上。
关键术语锚 - sārāṇīya (可忆念的) → 中文:可忆念的/和合法
- 为何易错:容易仅理解为“值得牢记的规则”。但原词更强调其“能带来喜悦、尊重、和合与团结”的功能性,是行动的指南而非死记的教条。
- diṭṭhi (见) → 中文:见/见解
- 为何易错:通常“见”指错误见解(邪见)。但这里正面使用,特指“圣的、出离的、导向苦尽之见”,是一种基于亲证的、正确的世界观和生命方向,是修行的指南针。
- dhammatā (法性) → 中文:法性/自然法则
- 为何易错:在此语境下,它特指一位证果圣者由其智慧所决定的自然行为模式或特质,比如对戒律、定、慧三门学问的强烈专注。它不是抽象法则,而是体现在圣者身上的必然品质。
- cetaso pariḷāha (缠缚之心) → 中文:缠缚/心的困扰
- 为何易错:字面有热恼、被束缚之意。经文具体列出欲贪、嗔恨、昏沉等,说明这是一种被特定烦恼所困住、无法看清实相的内在状态。自我省察的核心,就是去发现这些“缠缚”。