396 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时,一位名叫嗏帝的渔夫之子比丘,心中生起这样的恶见:“我这样理解世尊所说的法:正是这同一个识在轮回中流转,而非其他识。”众多比丘听闻:“渔夫之子嗏帝比丘生起了这样的恶见:‘我这样理解世尊所说的法:正是这同一个识在轮回中流转,而非其他识。’”于是,那些比丘便前往渔夫之子嗏帝比丘处,见面后对他这样说:“贤友嗏帝,听说你生起了这样的恶见:‘我这样理解世尊所说的法:正是这同一个识在轮回中流转,而非其他识。’这是真的吗?”“贤友们,确实如此。我这样理解世尊所说的法:正是这同一个识在轮回中流转,而非其他识。”于是,那些比丘为了帮助渔夫之子嗏帝比丘脱离这恶见,便反复诘问、劝导:“贤友嗏帝,不要这样说,不要诬蔑世尊。诬蔑世尊是不善的,世尊不会这样说。贤友嗏帝,世尊以种种方便说识是缘生的,若无缘,识便不会生起。”可是,即使被这些比丘反复诘问、劝导,渔夫之子嗏帝比丘仍然固执地坚持那恶见,执取不放,宣称:“贤友们,我确实这样理解世尊所说的法:正是这同一个识在轮回中流转,而非其他识。”显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sātissa nāma bhikkhuno kevaṭṭaputtassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati anañña’’nti. Assosuṃ kho sambahulā bhikkhū – ‘‘sātissa kira nāma bhikkhuno kevaṭṭaputtassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’’’nti. Atha kho te bhikkhū yena sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ kira te, āvuso sāti, evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’’nti. Atha kho te bhikkhū sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ etasmā pāpakā diṭṭhigatā vivecetukāmā samanuyuñjanti samanugāhanti samanubhāsanti – ‘‘mā evaṃ, āvuso sāti, avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Anekapariyāyenāvuso sāti, paṭiccasamuppannaṃ viññāṇaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā, aññatra paccayā natthi viññāṇassa sambhavo’’ti. Evampi kho sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto tehi bhikkhūhi samanuyuñjiyamāno samanugāhiyamāno samanubhāsiyamāno tadeva pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati – ‘‘evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati anañña’’nti.
397 当这些比丘无法令渔夫之子嗏帝比丘舍离此恶见后,便去往世尊所在之处。抵达之后,他们向世尊礼敬,然后退坐一面。退坐一面后,这些比丘对世尊说:“尊者,渔夫之子嗏帝比丘生起了这样的恶见——‘我是这样理解世尊所说法义的:正是这个识在轮回中流转迁变,而不是别的识。’尊者,我们听说渔夫之子嗏帝比丘生起了这样的恶见——‘我是这样理解世尊所说法义的:正是这个识在轮回中流转迁变,而不是别的识。’于是,尊者,我们去见了渔夫之子嗏帝比丘。见面后,我们对渔夫之子嗏帝比丘这样说:‘贤友嗏帝,听说你确实生起了这样的恶见——“我是这样理解世尊所说法义的:正是这个识在轮回中流转迁变,而不是别的识”,这是真的吗?’尊者,我们如此说后,渔夫之子嗏帝比丘这样对我们说:‘贤友们,我确实是这样理解世尊所说法义的:正是这个识在轮回中流转迁变,而不是别的识。’于是,尊者,为了令渔夫之子嗏帝比丘舍离此恶见,我们反复询问他、诘问他、劝告他:‘贤友嗏帝,不要这样说,不要诽谤世尊。诽谤世尊是很不善的,世尊从未如此说过。贤友嗏帝,世尊以种种方式宣说识皆是缘起所生:若离缘,则无有识的生起。’可是,尊者,即便被我们反复询问、诘问、劝告,渔夫之子嗏帝比丘仍旧顽固地执持、坚守那个恶见,不肯舍弃,他说道:‘贤友们,我确实是这样理解世尊所说法义的:正是这个识在轮回中流转迁变,而不是别的识。’尊者,当我们无法令渔夫之子嗏帝比丘舍离此恶见后,我们就来向世尊禀告此事。”显示巴利原文
Yato kho te bhikkhū nāsakkhiṃsu sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ etasmā pāpakā diṭṭhigatā vivecetuṃ, atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘sātissa nāma, bhante, bhikkhuno kevaṭṭaputtassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’nti. Assumha kho mayaṃ, bhante, sātissa kira nāma bhikkhuno kevaṭṭaputtassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’nti. Atha kho mayaṃ, bhante, yena sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto tenupasaṅkamimha; upasaṅkamitvā sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ etadavocumha – ‘saccaṃ kira te, āvuso sāti, evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’’nti? Evaṃ vutte, bhante, sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto amhe etadavoca – ‘evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’nti. Atha kho mayaṃ, bhante, sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ etasmā pāpakā diṭṭhigatā vivecetukāmā samanuyuñjimha samanugāhimha samanubhāsimha – ‘mā evaṃ, āvuso sāti, avaca, mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ, na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya. Anekapariyāyenāvuso sāti, paṭiccasamuppannaṃ viññāṇaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā, aññatra paccayā natthi viññāṇassa sambhavo’ti. Evampi kho, bhante, sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto amhehi samanuyuñjiyamāno samanugāhiyamāno samanubhāsiyamāno tadeva pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ thāmasā parāmasā abhinivissa voharati – ‘evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’nti. Yato kho mayaṃ, bhante, nāsakkhimha sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ etasmā pāpakā diṭṭhigatā vivecetuṃ, atha mayaṃ etamatthaṃ bhagavato ārocemā’’ti.
398 于是,世尊唤来一位比丘,对他说道:'去,比丘,你以我的名义告知渔夫之子嗏帝比丘:“贤友嗏帝,导师召唤你。”'那位比丘应声答道:'是,尊者。'他便前去见渔夫之子嗏帝比丘,对他说:'贤友嗏帝,导师召唤你。'渔夫之子嗏帝比丘应声答道:'是,贤友。'于是,他去世尊处,顶礼世尊后,退坐一旁。世尊便对坐在一旁的渔夫之子嗏帝比丘说:'嗏帝,听说你确实生起了这样的恶见:“我如此了知世尊所说的法——正是这同一个识在轮回中流转,而非其他识。”是这样吗?'他回答说:'尊者,我确是如此理解世尊所说的法:正是这同一个识在轮回中流转,而非其他识。'世尊问道:'嗏帝,你所指的那个识是什么?'他回答说:'尊者,就是那个能说话、能感受,并在此处彼处承受各种善恶业报的。'世尊呵斥道:'你这愚痴人!你凭什么认为我曾这样对你说法?愚痴人,难道我未曾以种种方式阐述识乃缘起,无有缘,则无有识生起吗?你这愚痴人,由自身误解除诽谤于我外,还损害了你自己,显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ bhikkhu, mama vacanena sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā taṃ, āvuso sāti, āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yena sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘satthā taṃ, āvuso sāti, āmantetī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira, te, sāti, evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ – ‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati, anañña’’nti. ‘‘Katamaṃ taṃ, sāti, viññāṇa’’nti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bhante, vado vedeyyo tatra tatra kalyāṇapāpakānaṃ kammānaṃ vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedetī’’ti. ‘‘Kassa nu kho nāma tvaṃ, moghapurisa, mayā evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsi? Nanu mayā, moghapurisa, anekapariyāyena paṭiccasamuppannaṃ viññāṇaṃ vuttaṃ, aññatra paccayā natthi viññāṇassa sambhavoti? Atha ca pana tvaṃ, moghapurisa, attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhasi, attānañca khaṇasi, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavasi. Tañhi te, moghapurisa, bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāyā’’ti.
399 接着,世尊对诸比丘说:'诸比丘,你们认为如何?这渔夫之子嗏帝比丘于此法与律中,是否连一丝智慧的火花都未曾点燃?'诸比丘回答:'尊者,怎会如此呢?确实不是这样。'当此话被说出后,渔夫之子嗏帝比丘沉默羞惭,垂头缩肩,陷入忧思,哑然无声地坐着。世尊知晓他这副沉默羞惭、垂头缩肩、陷入忧思、哑然无语的模样,便对他说:'愚痴人,你必将因自己的恶见而被识破。现在,我要来问这些比丘。'于是,世尊对诸比丘说:'诸比丘,你们是否也像这渔夫之子嗏帝比丘一样,因自身误解除诽谤于我、损害自己、造作众多非福呢?你们是怎样理解我所说的法的?'诸比丘回答:'尊者,我们不是这样理解的。尊者,世尊曾以种种方式为我们阐明识乃缘起,无有缘,则无有识生起。'世尊说:'很好,很好,诸比丘!你们能如此理解我说法,甚好。诸比丘,我确实以种种方式为你们阐明:识为缘起,无有缘,则无有识生起。然而,这渔夫之子嗏帝比丘,却由自身误解,不仅诽谤于我,显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nāyaṃ sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto usmīkatopi imasmiṃ dhammavinaye’’ti? ‘‘Kiñhi siyā bhante? No hetaṃ, bhante’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto tuṇhībhūto maṅkubhūto pattakkhandho adhomukho pajjhāyanto appaṭibhāno nisīdi. Atha kho bhagavā sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ maṅkubhūtaṃ pattakkhandhaṃ adhomukhaṃ pajjhāyantaṃ appaṭibhānaṃ viditvā sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paññāyissasi kho tvaṃ, moghapurisa, etena sakena pāpakena diṭṭhigatena. Idhāhaṃ bhikkhū paṭipucchissāmī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tumhepi me, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha yathāyaṃ sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhati, attānañca khaṇati, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavatī’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante! Anekapariyāyena hi no, bhante, paṭiccasamuppannaṃ viññāṇaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā, aññatra paccayā natthi viññāṇassa sambhavo’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhave! Sādhu kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha. Anekapariyāyena hi vo, bhikkhave, paṭiccasamuppannaṃ viññāṇaṃ vuttaṃ mayā, aññatra paccayā natthi viññāṇassa sambhavoti. Atha ca panāyaṃ sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhati, attānañca khaṇati, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati pasavati. Tañhi tassa moghapurisassa bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
400 诸比丘,识依何缘而生起,便依彼缘而得其名。依眼与色而生起之识,即名眼识;依耳与声而生起之识,即名耳识;依鼻与香而生起之识,即名鼻识;依舌与味而生起之识,即名舌识;依身与触而生起之识,即名身识;依意与法而生起之识,即名意识。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yaṃ yadeva, bhikkhave, paccayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, tena teneva viññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati . Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, cakkhuviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; sotañca paṭicca sadde ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, sotaviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; ghānañca paṭicca gandhe ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, ghānaviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; jivhañca paṭicca rase ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, jivhāviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; kāyañca paṭicca phoṭṭhabbe ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, kāyaviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, manoviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati.
诸比丘,譬如火依某种缘而燃烧,便依彼缘而得其名。依木柴而燃之火,称为柴火;依木屑而燃之火,称为木屑火;依草而燃之火,称为草火;依牛粪而燃之火,称为牛粪火;依谷壳而燃之火,称为谷壳火;依垃圾而燃之火,称为垃圾火。诸比丘,同样的道理,识依何种缘而生起,便依彼缘而得其名。依眼与色而生起的识,称为眼识;依耳与声而生起的识,称为耳识;依鼻与香而生起的识,称为鼻识;依舌与味而生起的识,称为舌识;依身与触而生起的识,称为身识;依意与法而生起的识,称为意识。显示巴利原文
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yaṃ yadeva paccayaṃ paṭicca aggi jalati tena teneva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Kaṭṭhañca paṭicca aggi jalati, kaṭṭhaggitveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; sakalikañca paṭicca aggi jalati, sakalikaggitveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; tiṇañca paṭicca aggi jalati, tiṇaggitveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; gomayañca paṭicca aggi jalati, gomayaggitveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; thusañca paṭicca aggi jalati, thusaggitveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; saṅkārañca paṭicca aggi jalati, saṅkāraggitveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ yadeva paccayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, tena teneva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, cakkhuviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati; sotañca paṭicca sadde ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, sotaviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati, ghānañca paṭicca gandhe ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ , ghāṇaviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati, jivhañca paṭicca rase ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, jivhāviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Kāyañca paṭicca phoṭṭhabbe ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, kāyaviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, manoviññāṇaṃtveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati.
401 “诸比丘,你们见到“此是已生”了吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtamidanti , bhikkhave, passathā’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,你们见到“那是由食而生起”的吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāhārasambhavanti, bhikkhave, passathā’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“比丘们,当食灭尽时,那已生起的便是灭法——能以正慧如实观见于此的人,他的疑惑是否已被断除呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāhāranirodhā yaṃ bhūtaṃ, taṃ nirodhadhammanti, bhikkhave, yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passatāe yā vicikicchā sā pahīyatī’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ , bhante’’.
「是的,尊者。」显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,若对“这是否为已生”不能确定,是否会生起疑惑?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtamidaṃ nossūti, bhikkhave, kaṅkhato uppajjati vicikicchā’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
诸比丘,若对“那是依食而有的吗”不能确定,是否会生起疑惑?显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāhārasambhavaṃ nossūti, bhikkhave , kaṅkhato uppajjati vicikicchā’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,你们是否看见:由食的灭尽,那已生的即是灭法?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāhāranirodhā yaṃ bhūtaṃ, taṃ nirodhadhammanti, bhikkhave, passathā’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,对“这是已生的”能以正慧如实观见者,他的疑惑是否断除了呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtamidanti, bhikkhave, yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passato yā vicikicchā sā pahīyatī’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,对“那是食所生”能以正慧如实观见者,他的疑惑是否断除了呢?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāhārasambhavanti, bhikkhave, yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passatāe yā vicikicchā sā pahīyatī’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,若有人对‘食灭故,已生者便是灭法,不是吗?’心存犹豫,他会生起疑惑吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāhāranirodhā yaṃ bhūtaṃ, taṃ nirodhadhammaṃ nossūti, bhikkhave, kaṅkhato uppajjati vicikicchā’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
「是的,尊者。」显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ , bhante’’.
“诸比丘,对于“这是已存在的”这一点,你们在此也无疑惑吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtamidanti, bhikkhave, itipi vo ettha nibbicikicchā’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,这是依食而生起的,对此,你们于此已毫无疑惑了吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāhārasambhavanti, bhikkhave, itipi vo ettha nibbicikicchā’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,由于食的灭尽,凡已生起者,即是灭尽之法,对此,你们于此已无疑惑了吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāhāranirodhā yaṃ bhūtaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammanti, bhikkhave, itipi vo ettha nibbicikicchā’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“比丘们,‘这是已生的’——你们已如实以正慧善见了吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Bhūtamidanti, bhikkhave, yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭha’’nti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,“彼依食而生”,你们已以正慧如实善见了吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāhārasambhavanti, bhikkhave, yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭha’’nti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,“由食灭故,所生即灭法”,你们已以正慧如实善见了吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadāhāranirodhā yaṃ bhūtaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammanti, bhikkhave, yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭha’’nti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,这见解如此清净、如此明澈,你们若去亲近、把玩、珍藏、执取它,那么,你们能理解我所开示的筏喻之法——为渡河而非为执取吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imaṃ ce tumhe, bhikkhave, diṭṭhiṃ evaṃ parisuddhaṃ evaṃ pariyodātaṃ allīyetha kelāyetha dhanāyetha mamāyetha, api nu me tumhe, bhikkhave, kullūpamaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājāneyyātha nittharaṇatthāya no gahaṇatthāyā’’ti?
“不能,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,对于这样的见解——如此清净、如此明澈——倘若你们不亲近、不把玩、不珍藏、不执取,那么,你们便能理解我所说的筏喻之法,是为渡河而非为执取吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Imaṃ ce tumhe, bhikkhave, diṭṭhiṃ evaṃ parisuddhaṃ evaṃ pariyodātaṃ na allīyetha na kelāyetha na dhanāyetha na mamāyetha, api nu me tumhe, bhikkhave, kullūpamaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājāneyyātha nittharaṇatthāya no gahaṇatthāyā’’ti?
“是的,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
402 “诸比丘,有四种食,它们维持已生的众生,并资助求再生者。哪四种?段食,或粗或细,是第一;触是第二;意思是第三;识是第四。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, āhārā bhūtānaṃ vā sattānaṃ ṭhitiyā, sambhavesīnaṃ vā anuggahāya. Katame cattāro? Kabaḷīkāro āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā, phasso dutiyo, manosañcetanā tatiyā, viññāṇaṃ catutthaṃ.
“诸比丘,这四种食,以何为因?以何为集起?以何为出生?以何为根源?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Ime ca, bhikkhave, cattāro āhārā kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā?
“不,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
这四种食,以渴爱为因,以渴爱为集起,以渴爱为出生,以渴爱为根源。显示巴利原文
‘‘Ime cattāro āhārā taṇhānidānā taṇhāsamudayā taṇhājātikā taṇhāpabhavā.
诸比丘,这渴爱是以什么为因、以什么为集起、以什么为出生、以什么为根源的呢?显示巴利原文
‘‘Taṇhā cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā?
渴爱以受为因、以受为集起、以受为出生、以受为根源。显示巴利原文
‘‘Taṇhā vedanānidānā vedanāsamudayā vedanājātikā vedanāpabhavā.
诸比丘,这受是以什么为因、以什么为集起、以什么为出生、以什么为根源的呢?显示巴利原文
‘‘Vedanā cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā?
受以触为因、以触为集起、以触为生、以触为根源。显示巴利原文
‘‘Vedanā phassanidānā phassasamudayā phassajātikā phassapabhavā .
诸比丘,此触是以何为因、以何为集起、以何为生、以何为根源呢?显示巴利原文
‘‘Phasso cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo?
触以六处为因、以六处为集起、以六处为生、以六处为根源。显示巴利原文
‘‘Phasso saḷāyatananidāno saḷāyatanasamudayo saḷāyatanajātiko saḷāyatanapabhavo.
诸比丘,此六处以何为缘?以何为集起?以何为生因?以何为源头?显示巴利原文
‘‘Saḷāyatanaṃ cidaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ?
六处以名色为缘、以名色为集起、以名色为生因、以名色为源头。显示巴利原文
‘‘Saḷāyatanaṃ nāmarūpanidānaṃ nāmarūpasamudayaṃ nāmarūpajātikaṃ nāmarūpapabhavaṃ.
诸比丘,此名色以何为缘?以何为集起?以何为生因?以何为源头?显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāmarūpaṃ cidaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ?
名色以识为缘、以识为集起、以识为生因、以识为源头。显示巴利原文
‘‘Nāmarūpaṃ viññāṇanidānaṃ viññāṇasamudayaṃ viññāṇajātikaṃ viññāṇapabhavaṃ.
诸比丘,这个识以什么为缘、以什么为集起、以什么为生因、以什么为源头呢?显示巴利原文
‘‘Viññāṇaṃ cidaṃ, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ?
识以行为缘、以行为集起、以行为生因、以行为源头。显示巴利原文
‘‘Viññāṇaṃ saṅkhāranidānaṃ saṅkhārasamudayaṃ saṅkhārajātikaṃ saṅkhārapabhavaṃ.
诸比丘,此行以何为缘?以何为集起?以何为生因?以何为根源?显示巴利原文
‘‘Saṅkhārā cime, bhikkhave, kiṃnidānā kiṃsamudayā kiṃjātikā kiṃpabhavā?
行,以无明为缘,以无明为集起,以无明为生因,以无明为根源。显示巴利原文
‘‘Saṅkhārā avijjānidānā avijjāsamudayā avijjājātikā avijjāpabhavā.
诸比丘,如是:以无明为缘而有行,以行为缘而有识,以识为缘而有名色,以名色为缘而有六处,以六处为缘而有触,以触为缘而有受,以受为缘而有渴爱,以渴爱为缘而有取,以取为缘而有有,以有为缘而有生,以生为缘而有老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼生起。如此,整个苦蕴便集起。显示巴利原文
‘‘Iti kho, bhikkhave, avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ, saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ, upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.’’’
403 “生为缘而有老死”,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以生为缘而有老死?你们于此如何见?”“以生为缘而有老死,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以生为缘而有老死。’”
“‘有缘而有生’,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以有而有生?你们于此如何见?”“以有而有生,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以有而有生。’”
“‘取缘而有有’,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以取为缘而有有?你们于此如何见?”“以取为缘而有有,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以取为缘而有有。’”
“‘渴爱为缘而有取’,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以渴爱为缘而有取?你们于此如何见?”“以渴爱为缘而有取,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以渴爱为缘而有取。’”
“‘受为缘而有渴爱’,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以受为缘而有渴爱?你们于此如何见?”“以受为缘而有渴爱,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以受为缘而有渴爱。’”
“‘触为缘而有受’,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以触为缘而有受?你们于此如何见?”“以触为缘而有受,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以触为缘而有受。’”
“‘六处为缘而有触’,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以六处为缘而有触?你们于此如何见?”“以六处为缘而有触,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以六处为缘而有触。’”
“‘名色为缘而有六处’,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以名色为缘而有六处?你们于此如何见?”“以名色为缘而有六处,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以名色为缘而有六处。’”
“‘识为缘而有名色’,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以识为缘而有名色?你们于此如何见?”“以识为缘而有名色,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以识为缘而有名色。’”
“‘行为缘而有识’,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以行为缘而有识?你们于此如何见?”“以行为缘而有识,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以行为缘而有识。’”
“‘无明为缘而有行’,此为先前所说。诸比丘,是否以无明为缘而有行?你们于此如何见?”“以无明为缘而有行,尊者。我们于此如是见:‘以无明为缘而有行。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇanti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; jātipaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇaṃ, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Jātipaccayā, bhante, jarāmaraṇaṃ; evaṃ no ettha hoti – jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇa’’nti. ‘‘Bhavapaccayā jātīti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; bhavapaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, jāti, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Bhavapaccayā, bhante , jāti; evaṃ no ettha hoti – bhavapaccayā jātī’’ti . ‘‘Upādānapaccayā bhavoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; upādānapaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, bhavo, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Upādānapaccayā, bhante, bhavo; evaṃ no ettha hoti – upādānapaccayā bhavo’’ti. ‘‘Taṇhāpaccayā upādānanti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, taṇhāpaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, upādānaṃ, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Taṇhāpaccayā, bhante, upādānaṃ; evaṃ no ettha hoti – taṇhāpaccayā upādāna’’nti. ‘‘Vedanāpaccayā taṇhāti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; vedanāpaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, taṇhā, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Vedanāpaccayā, bhante, taṇhā; evaṃ no ettha hoti – vedanāpaccayā taṇhā’’ti. ‘‘Phassapaccayā vedanāti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; phassapaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, vedanā, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Phassapaccayā, bhante, vedanā; evaṃ no ettha hoti – phassapaccayā vedanā’’ti. ‘‘Saḷāyatanapaccayā phassoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; saḷāyatanapaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, phasso, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Saḷāyatanapaccayā, bhante, phasso; evaṃ no ettha hoti – saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso’’ti. ‘‘Nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatananti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; nāmarūpapaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, saḷāyatanaṃ, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Nāmarūpapaccayā, bhante, saḷāyatanaṃ; evaṃ no ettha hoti – nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatana’’nti. ‘‘Viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpanti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; viññāṇapaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, nāmarūpaṃ, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Viññāṇapaccayā, bhante, nāmarūpaṃ; evaṃ no ettha hoti – viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpa’’nti. ‘‘Saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇanti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; saṅkhārapaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Saṅkhārapaccayā, bhante, viññāṇaṃ; evaṃ no ettha hoti – saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇa’’nti. ‘‘Avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārāti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; avijjāpaccayā nu kho, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Avijjāpaccayā, bhante, saṅkhārā; evaṃ no ettha hoti – avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā’’ti.
404 “很好,诸比丘。如此,你们也这样说,我也这样说:此有故彼有,此生故彼生。即:以无明为缘而有行;以行为缘而有识;以识为缘而有名色;以名色为缘而有六处;以六处为缘而有触;以触为缘而有受;以受为缘而有渴爱;以渴爱为缘而有取;以取为缘而有有;以有为缘而有生;以生为缘,老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便生起。这样,这整个苦蕴集起了。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhave. Iti kho, bhikkhave, tumhepi evaṃ vadetha, ahampi evaṃ vadāmi – imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti, imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjati, yadidaṃ – avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ, saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ, upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.
“而正是由无明的无余、离贪灭尽,而有行的灭尽;由行的灭尽,而有识的灭尽;由识的灭尽,而有名色的灭尽;由名色的灭尽,而有六处的灭尽;由六处的灭尽,而有触的灭尽;由触的灭尽,而有受的灭尽;由受的灭尽,而有渴爱的灭尽;由渴爱的灭尽,而有取的灭尽;由取的灭尽,而有有的灭尽;由有的灭尽,而有生的灭尽;由生的灭尽,老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便灭尽。这样,这整个苦蕴便灭尽了。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Avijjāyatveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho, viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho, nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho , saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho, phassanirodhā vedanānirodho, vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho, taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti.
405 “生的灭尽故,老死的灭尽”——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否生的灭尽故,老死的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,生的灭尽故,老死的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:生的灭尽故,老死的灭尽。”“‘有的灭尽故,生的灭尽’——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否有的灭尽故,生的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,有的灭尽故,生的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:有的灭尽故,生的灭尽。”“‘取的灭尽故,有的灭尽’——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否取的灭尽故,有的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,取的灭尽故,有的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:取的灭尽故,有的灭尽。”“‘渴爱的灭尽故,取的灭尽’——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否渴爱的灭尽故,取的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,渴爱的灭尽故,取的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:渴爱的灭尽故,取的灭尽。”“‘受的灭尽故,渴爱的灭尽’——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否受的灭尽故,渴爱的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,受的灭尽故,渴爱的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:受的灭尽故,渴爱的灭尽。”“‘触的灭尽故,受的灭尽’——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否触的灭尽故,受的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,触的灭尽故,受的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:触的灭尽故,受的灭尽。”“‘六处的灭尽故,触的灭尽’——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否六处的灭尽故,触的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,六处的灭尽故,触的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:六处的灭尽故,触的灭尽。”“‘名色的灭尽故,六处的灭尽’——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否名色的灭尽故,六处的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,名色的灭尽故,六处的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:名色的灭尽故,六处的灭尽。”“‘识的灭尽故,名色的灭尽’——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否识的灭尽故,名色的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,识的灭尽故,名色的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:识的灭尽故,名色的灭尽。”“‘行的灭尽故,识的灭尽’——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否行的灭尽故,识的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,行的灭尽故,识的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:行的灭尽故,识的灭尽。”“‘无明的灭尽故,行的灭尽’——此义已说。那么,诸比丘,是否无明的灭尽故,行的灭尽?或者并非如此,你们对此如何理解?”“世尊,无明的灭尽故,行的灭尽。对此我们这样理解:无明的灭尽故,行的灭尽。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; jātinirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, jarāmaraṇanirodho, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Jātinirodhā, bhante, jarāmaraṇanirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇanirodho’’ti. ‘‘Bhavanirodhā jātinirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; bhavanirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, jātinirodho, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Bhavanirodhā, bhante, jātinirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – bhavanirodhā jātinirodho’’ti. ‘‘Upādānanirodhā bhavanirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; upādānanirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, bhavanirodho, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Upādānanirodhā, bhante, bhavanirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho’’ti. ‘‘Taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; taṇhānirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, upādānanirodho, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Taṇhānirodhā, bhante, upādānanirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho’’ti. ‘‘Vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; vedanānirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, taṇhānirodho, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Vedanānirodhā, bhante, taṇhānirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho’’ti. ‘‘Phassanirodhā vedanānirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; phassanirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, vedanānirodho, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Phassanirodhā, bhante, vedanānirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – phassanirodhā vedanānirodho’’ti. ‘‘Saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; saḷāyatananirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, phassanirodho, no vā , kathaṃ vā ettha hotīti? Saḷāyatananirodhā, bhante, phassanirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho’’ti. ‘‘Nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; nāmarūpanirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, saḷāyatananirodho, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Nāmarūpanirodhā, bhante, saḷāyatananirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho’’ti. ‘‘Viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; viññāṇanirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, nāmarūpanirodho, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Viññāṇanirodhā, bhante, nāmarūpanirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho’’ti. ‘‘Saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; saṅkhāranirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, viññāṇanirodho, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Saṅkhāranirodhā, bhante , viññāṇanirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho’’ti. ‘‘Avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodhoti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; avijjānirodhā nu kho, bhikkhave, saṅkhāranirodho, no vā, kathaṃ vā ettha hotī’’ti? ‘‘Avijjānirodhā, bhante, saṅkhāranirodho; evaṃ no ettha hoti – avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho’’ti.
406 “很好,诸比丘。那么,诸比丘,你们也是这样说的,我也是这样说的:当这个不存在时,那个就不会有;由于这个的灭尽,那个就灭尽。也就是:由于无明的灭尽,才有行的灭尽;由于行的灭尽,才有识的灭尽;由于识的灭尽,才有名色的灭尽;由于名色的灭尽,才有六处的灭尽;由于六处的灭尽,才有触的灭尽;由于触的灭尽,才有受的灭尽;由于受的灭尽,才有渴爱的灭尽;由于渴爱的灭尽,才有取的灭尽;由于取的灭尽,才有有的灭尽;由于有的灭尽,才有生的灭尽;由于生的灭尽,老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便灭尽。这样,这整个苦蕴的灭尽就发生了。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhave. Iti kho, bhikkhave, tumhepi evaṃ vadetha, ahampi evaṃ vadāmi – imasmiṃ asati idaṃ na hoti, imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhati, yadidaṃ – avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho, viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho, nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho, saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho, phassanirodhā vedanānirodho, vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho, taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti.
407 “诸比丘,你们如此知、如此见时,还会指认别的老师吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Api nu tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ jānantā evaṃ passantā aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyyāthā’’ti?
“不,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,你们如此知、如此见时,还会把那些众多沙门、婆罗门的种种誓戒、占卜和吉兆,当作根本去依止吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Api nu tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ jānantā evaṃ passantā yāni tāni puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ vata kotūhalamaṅgalāni tāni sārato paccāgaccheyyāthā’’ti?
“不,尊者。”显示巴利原文
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
诸比丘,你们如此知、如此见,还会于现前内心中生起这样的疑惑吗:“有我吗?无我吗?我是什么?我是怎样?此有情从何处来?将去往何处?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Api nu tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ jānantā evaṃ passantā etarahi vā paccuppannamaddhānaṃ ajjhattaṃ kathaṃkathī assatha – ahaṃ nu khosmi, no nu khosmi, kiṃ nu khosmi, kathaṃ nu khosmi, ayaṃ nu kho satto kuto āgato, so kuhiṃgāmī bhavissatī’’ti?
并非如此,尊者。显示巴利原文
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
诸比丘,你们如此知、如此见,还会这样说吗:“导师是可敬重的,我们出于对导师的敬重才这样说”?显示巴利原文
‘‘Api nu tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ jānantā evaṃ passantā evaṃ vadeyyātha – satthā no garu, satthugāravena ca mayaṃ evaṃ vademā’’ti?
并非如此,尊者。显示巴利原文
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,你们如此知、如此见,会这样说吗——‘沙门是这样说的,我们这些沙门也这样说’?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Api nu tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ jānantā evaṃ passantā evaṃ vadeyyātha – samaṇo evamāha, samaṇā ca nāma mayaṃ evaṃ vademā’’ti?
「并非如此,尊者。」显示巴利原文
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,当你们如此知、如此见时,可会还去追忆过去,心中思惟:‘我们在过去世存在过吗?我们在过去世不曾存在过吗?我们在过去世是什么?我们在过去世是如何存在的?我们曾是什么,后来又在过去世变成了什么?’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Api nu tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ jānantā evaṃ passantā pubbantaṃ vā paṭidhāveyyātha – ‘ahesumha nu kho mayaṃ atītamaddhānaṃ, nanu kho ahesumha atītamaddhānaṃ, kiṃ nu kho ahesumha atītamaddhānaṃ, kathaṃ nu kho ahesumha atītamaddhānaṃ, kiṃ hutvā kiṃ ahesumha nu kho mayaṃ atītamaddhāna’’’nti?
“不会的,世尊。”显示巴利原文
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,当你们如此知、如此见时,可会还去追逐未来,心中思惟:‘我们在未来世会存在吗?我们在未来世不会存在吗?我们在未来世会是什么?我们在未来世会如何存在?我们曾是什么,后来在未来世又将变成什么?’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Api nu tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ jānantā evaṃ passantā aparantaṃ vā paṭidhāveyyātha – bhavissāma nu kho mayaṃ anāgatamaddhānaṃ, nanu kho bhavissāma anāgatamaddhānaṃ, kiṃ nu kho bhavissāma anāgatamaddhānaṃ, kathaṃ nu kho bhavissāma anāgatamaddhānaṃ, kiṃ hutvā kiṃ bhavissāma nu kho mayaṃ anāgatamaddhāna’’nti?
“不,世尊。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
确实不,世尊。显示巴利原文
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
“诸比丘,你们所说的,不正是你们自己所了知、自己所看见、自己所证悟的吗?”显示巴利原文
‘‘Nanu, bhikkhave, yadeva tumhākaṃ sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ, tadeva tumhe vadethā’’ti.
不是这样,尊者。显示巴利原文
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
是的,尊者。显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
“善哉,诸比丘。我为你们所指引的,正是这个自见的、无时的、来见的、可导向的、有智者各自证知的法。诸比丘,当说到‘这个法是自见的、无时的、来见的、可导向的、有智者各自证知的’,便是依此而说。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhave, upanītā kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, iminā sandiṭṭhikena dhammena akālikena ehipassikena opaneyyikena paccattaṃ veditabbena viññūhi. Sandiṭṭhiko ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammo akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi – iti yantaṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vutta’’nti.
408 “诸比丘,由三者和合,方有入胎。当父母会合,母亲不在受孕期,香阴未现前,则无入胎。当父母会合,母亲在受孕期,香阴未现前,亦无入胎。诸比丘,当父母会合,母亲在受孕期,香阴现前,三者和合,始有入胎。诸比丘,母亲怀胎九月或十月,以大危难、大负担,于子宫中孕育此子。诸比丘,母亲于九个月或十个月后,以大危难、大负担而分娩。诸比丘,此子既生,便以母血养育。诸比丘,于圣者律中,母之乳汁即是血。诸比丘,此童子年岁渐长,诸根成熟,便玩孩童之戏具,如:小犁、摇鼓、跷跷板、风车、叶制量器、小车、小弓。诸比丘,彼童子年岁渐长,诸根成熟,便具足享受五种欲乐:眼所识的色,可喜、可爱、可意、悦形、伴随欲乐、令人染著;耳所识的声,可喜、可爱、可意、悦形、伴随欲乐、令人染著;鼻所识的香,可喜、可爱、可意、悦形、伴随欲乐、令人染著;舌所识的味,可喜、可爱、可意、悦形、伴随欲乐、令人染著;身所识的触,可喜、可爱、可意、悦形、伴随欲乐、令人染著。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, sannipātā gabbhassāvakkanti hoti. Idha mātāpitaro ca sannipatitā honti, mātā ca na utunī hoti, gandhabbo ca na paccupaṭṭhito hoti, neva tāva gabbhassāvakkanti hoti. Idha mātāpitaro ca sannipatitā honti, mātā ca utunī hoti, gandhabbo ca na paccupaṭṭhito hoti, neva tāva gabbhassāvakkanti hoti. Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, mātāpitaro ca sannipatitā honti, mātā ca utunī hoti, gandhabbo ca paccupaṭṭhito hoti – evaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sannipātā gabbhassāvakkanti hoti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, mātā nava vā dasa vā māse gabbhaṃ kucchinā pariharati mahatā saṃsayena garubhāraṃ . Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, mātā navannaṃ vā dasannaṃ vā māsānaṃ accayena vijāyati mahatā saṃsayena garubhāraṃ. Tamenaṃ jātaṃ samānaṃ sakena lohitena poseti. Lohitañhetaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye yadidaṃ mātuthaññaṃ. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, kumāro vuddhimanvāya indriyānaṃ paripākamanvāya yāni tāni kumārakānaṃ kīḷāpanakāni tehi kīḷati, seyyathidaṃ – vaṅkakaṃ ghaṭikaṃ mokkhacikaṃ ciṅgulakaṃ pattāḷhakaṃ rathakaṃ dhanukaṃ. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, kumāro vuddhimanvāya indriyānaṃ paripākamanvāya pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti – cakkhuviññeyyehi rūpehi iṭṭhehi kantehi manāpehi piyarūpehi kāmūpasaṃhitehi rajanīyehi, sotaviññeyyehi saddehi… ghānaviññeyyehi gandhehi… jivhāviññeyyehi rasehi… kāyaviññeyyehi phoṭṭhabbehi iṭṭhehi kantehi manāpehi piyarūpehi kāmūpasaṃhitehi rajanīyehi.
409 “当眼看见色之后,对悦意之色便生贪著,对不悦意之色便生嗔怒,未能安住身至念,而住于心量狭小。他不如实了知那心解脱与慧解脱——正是在那里,那些恶不善法无余灭尽。他便这样陷入随喜与抵拒之中,无论他感受何种感受,或是乐、或是苦、或是不苦不乐,他对那种感受欢喜、赞同并固执地执取。当他正在对那种感受欢喜、赞同、固执执取时,便生起欢喜。对于诸受的欢喜,那即是取;以取为缘,有;以有为缘,生;以生为缘,老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便生起。这样,就是这整个苦蕴的集起。当耳听见声之后……当鼻嗅到香之后……当舌尝到味之后……当身触到触之后……当意了知法之后,对悦意之法便生贪著,对不悦意之法便生嗔怒,未能安住身至念,而住于心量狭小。他不如实了知那心解脱与慧解脱——正是在那里,那些恶不善法无余灭尽。他便这样陷入随喜与抵拒之中,无论他感受何种感受,或是乐、或是苦、或是不苦不乐,他对那种感受欢喜、赞同并固执地执取。当他正在对那种感受欢喜、赞同、固执执取时,便生起欢喜。对于诸受的欢喜,那即是取;以取为缘,有;以有为缘,生;以生为缘,老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便生起。这样,就是这整个苦蕴的集起。”显示巴利原文
‘‘So cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe sārajjati, appiyarūpe rūpe byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyasati ca viharati parittacetaso. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti – yatthassa te pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. So evaṃ anurodhavirodhaṃ samāpanno yaṃ kiñci vedanaṃ vedeti sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā, so taṃ vedanaṃ abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ vedanaṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī . Yā vedanāsu nandī tadupādānaṃ, tassupādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya piyarūpe dhamme sārajjati, appiyarūpe dhamme byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyasati ca viharati parittacetaso. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti – yatthassa te pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. So evaṃ anurodhavirodhaṃ samāpanno yaṃ kiñci vedanaṃ vedeti sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā, so taṃ vedanaṃ abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ vedanaṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī. Yā vedanāsu nandī tadupādānaṃ, tassupādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.
410 “诸比丘,如来出现于世间,是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。他以自己的证智证知并宣说此一天、魔、梵、沙门婆罗门、天人众的世界。他所教授的法,初善、中善、后善,具足义理与文句;他阐明完全圆满、完全清净的梵行。某居士或居士之子,或有出身某家族者,听闻此法。听闻之后,他对如来生起信心。具足此信心后,他这样思惟:‘在家生活是狭窄的尘垢之道,出家是空旷的。居于家中,不易修学完全圆满、完全清净、如同磨平的螺钿般的梵行。我何不剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家走向非家而出家呢?’此后,他或舍弃少量财产,或舍弃大量财产;或舍弃少的亲属,或舍弃大的亲属,剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家走向非家而出家。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ; kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Taṃ dhammaṃ suṇāti gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā aññatarasmiṃ vā kule paccājāto. So taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tathāgate saddhaṃ paṭilabhati. So tena saddhāpaṭilābhena samannāgato iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā. Nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā, kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’’’nti. So aparena samayena appaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya, mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya, appaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya, mahantaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā, kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati.
411 “如此出家之后,他便受持比丘的学处与活命之道:舍断杀生,远离杀生,放下棍棒与刀剑,常怀惭愧,具足悲悯,为利益和哀愍一切众生而安住。”显示巴利原文
‘‘So evaṃ pabbajito samāno bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati.
他舍断不与取,远离不与取,只取所给予的,只期待所给予的,不偷盗,自身清净而安住。显示巴利原文
‘‘Adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharati.
他舍断非梵行,成为梵行者,远离交合,远离那鄙俗的淫欲法。显示巴利原文
‘‘Abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī hoti, ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā.
他舍断妄语,远离妄语,是实语者、真语者,坚定可信,不欺诳世间。显示巴利原文
‘‘Musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṃvādako lokassa.
他舍断离间语,远离离间语:于此处闻,不向彼处传述以离间他们;于彼处闻,不向此处传述以离间这些。他是分裂者的调解者、和合者的助成者,喜爱和合、乐于和合、欣悦和合,说能成就和合的话语。显示巴利原文
‘‘Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti – ito sutvā na amutra akkhātā imesaṃ bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā na imesaṃ akkhātā amūsaṃ bhedāya. Iti bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātā, sahitānaṃ vā anuppadātā samaggārāmo samaggarato samagganandī, samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.
他舍断粗恶语,远离粗恶的言语。他所说的话语柔和、悦耳、亲切、深入人心、文雅,为大众所喜爱、所悦意。他说的正是这样的话语。显示巴利原文
‘‘Pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti – yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.
他舍断绮语,远离绮语。他说话适时,说真实语,说有意义的话,说法、说律;他在恰当的时机,说值得铭记、有因有证、恰如其分、与义相应的话语。显示巴利原文
‘‘Samphappalāpaṃ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti, kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī, nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā kālena, sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ.
他远离损伤种子与植物的行为,一日一食,过午不食,远离非时食。他远离观看歌舞、音乐、表演等放纵之事;远离佩戴花鬘、涂抹香粉、装饰打扮;远离高广大床;远离接受金银;远离接受生谷;远离接受生肉;远离接受妇女与少女;远离接受奴仆婢女;远离接受山羊与绵羊;远离接受鸡与猪;远离接受大象、牛、马与母马;远离接受田地与房产;远离为人传递消息、差遣奔走;远离买卖交易;远离在秤、斗、尺上作伪欺诈;远离贿赂、欺诳、蒙骗等不正直的手段;远离伤害、杀害、捆绑、劫掠、掠夺、暴力等行为。显示巴利原文
‘‘So bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato hoti, ekabhattiko hoti rattūparato, virato vikālabhojanā. Naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā paṭivirato hoti, mālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti, uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato hoti, jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, āmakamaṃsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, itthikumārikapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, ajeḷakapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, kukkuṭasūkarapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, hatthigavāssavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, khettavatthupaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogā paṭivirato hoti, kayavikkayā paṭivirato hoti, tulākūṭakaṃsakūṭamānakūṭā paṭivirato hoti, ukkoṭanavañcana-nikati-sāciyogā paṭivirato hoti, chedana-vadhabandhanaviparāmosa-ālopa-sahasākārā paṭivirato hoti .
他对自己拥有的、足以裹身的三衣和足以饱腹的乞食,感到满足。无论他走到哪里,都只是带着这一身所有而前行。就像鸟儿一样,无论它飞到哪里,都是只带着自己翅膀的重量飞翔;同样地,这位比丘满足于他裹身的三衣和饱腹的乞食。无论他走到哪里,都只是带着这一身所有而前行。他具足这一圣洁的戒蕴,内心体验到无过失的快乐。显示巴利原文
‘‘So santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena. So yena yeneva pakkamati samādāyeva pakkamati . Seyyathāpi nāma pakkhī sakuṇo yena yeneva ḍeti sapattabhārova ḍeti, evameva bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena, kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena. So yena yeneva pakkamati samādāyeva pakkamati. So iminā ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ anavajjasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
当他以眼根见色时,不执取于整体的外观相,也不执取于微细的特征相。因为,倘若眼根未加防护而安住,贪爱、忧恼等恶不善法便会袭入。为此,他行道于防护,守护眼根,于眼根成就防护。当他以耳根闻声时……以鼻根嗅香时……以舌根尝味时……以身根触所触时……以意根知法时,不执取于整体的外观相,也不执取于微细的特征相。因为,倘若意根未加防护而安住,贪爱、忧恼等恶不善法便会袭入。为此,他行道于防护,守护意根,于意根成就防护。他成就此圣根律仪,内心体验到无染之乐。显示巴利原文
‘‘So cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṃ manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. So iminā ariyena indriyasaṃvarena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ abyāsekasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
他于进退之际,正知而行;于前瞻旁观之际,正知而行;于屈伸肢体之际,正知而行;于持着僧衣、钵具及外衣之际,正知而行;于饮食、咀嚼、尝味之际,正知而行;于大小便利之际,正知而行;于行、住、坐、卧、醒、语、默之际,正知而行。显示巴利原文
‘‘So abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti , samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.
412 他如此具足圣洁的戒蕴、圣洁的知足、圣洁的根律仪、圣洁的正念正知,便择取一处寂静的住处——山林、树下、山岳、山谷、山洞、墓地、丛林、旷野、草堆。他从托钵乞食归来,用餐之后,便结跏趺坐,端正身体,安立正念于面前。他舍断了世间的贪欲,以离贪之心安住,令心从贪欲中净化;舍断了嗔恚与恶意,以无嗔之心安住,慈愍一切众生,令心从嗔恚与恶意中净化;舍断了昏沉与睡眠,以离昏睡之心安住,持光明想,具足正念正知,令心从昏沉与睡眠中净化;舍断了掉举与追悔,以平静无散乱之心安住,令心从掉举与追悔中净化;舍断了疑惑,以超越疑惑之心安住,于诸善法不再犹豫‘是这样还是那样’,令心从疑惑中净化。显示巴利原文
‘‘So iminā ca ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato, (imāya ca ariyāya santuṭṭhiyā samannāgato) , iminā ca ariyena indriyasaṃvarena samannāgato, iminā ca ariyena satisampajaññena samannāgato, vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati – araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ. So pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā, ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya, parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So abhijjhaṃ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharati, abhijjhāya cittaṃ parisodheti; byāpādapadosaṃ pahāya abyāpannacitto viharati, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī, byāpādapadosā cittaṃ parisodheti; thīnamiddhaṃ pahāya vigatathīnamiddho viharati ālokasaññī, sato sampajāno, thīnamiddhā cittaṃ parisodheti; uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahāya anuddhato viharati ajjhattaṃ vūpasantacitto, uddhaccakukkuccā cittaṃ parisodheti; vicikicchaṃ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṃkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṃ parisodheti.
413 他舍离了这五种覆盖心灵、削弱智慧的内心染污——五盖,便远离感官欲乐,远离不善法,有寻有伺,由远离而生起的喜与乐,进入并安住于初禅。再者,诸比丘,这位比丘在寻与伺止息之后,内心平静,心念专一,无寻无伺,由定所生的喜与乐,进入并安住于第二禅……第三禅……第四禅。显示巴利原文
‘‘So ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
414 他以眼看到色后,对可意的色不贪著,对不可意的色不排斥,安住于身至念,以无量心而住。他如实了知那心解脱与慧解脱——他的那些恶不善法即于其中无余灭尽。他如此舍离了随顺与违逆,无论感受何种感受,或乐、或苦、或不苦不乐,他于彼感受不欢喜、不迎纳、不固持而住。当他于彼感受不欢喜、不迎纳、不固持而住时,于感受的喜贪便灭尽;喜贪灭故取灭;取灭故有灭;有灭故生灭;生灭故老死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼灭。如此,这整个苦蕴便灭尽。他以耳听声……以鼻嗅香……以舌尝味……以身触所触……以意识知法后,对可意的法不贪著,对不可意的法不排斥,安住于身至念,以无量心而住。他如实了知那心解脱与慧解脱——他的那些恶不善法即于其中无余灭尽。他如此舍离了随顺与违逆,无论感受何种感受,或乐、或苦、或不苦不乐,他于彼感受不欢喜、不迎纳、不固持而住。当他于彼感受不欢喜、不迎纳、不固持而住时,于感受的喜贪便灭尽;喜贪灭故取灭;取灭故有灭;有灭故生灭;生灭故老死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼灭。如此,这整个苦蕴便灭尽。诸比丘,你们应当这样受持我所略说的渴爱灭尽解脱;而渔夫之子沙帝比丘,则被大渴爱之网、大渴爱之结所缠缚。显示巴利原文
‘‘So cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe na sārajjati, appiyarūpe rūpe na byāpajjati, upaṭṭhitakāyasati ca viharati appamāṇacetaso. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti – yatthassa te pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. So evaṃ anurodhavirodhavippahīno yaṃ kiñci vedanaṃ vedeti, sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā, so taṃ vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ vedanaṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato yā vedanāsu nandī sā nirujjhati. Tassa nandīnirodhā upādānanirodho, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya piyarūpe dhamme na sārajjati, appiyarūpe dhamme na byāpajjati, upaṭṭhitakāyasati ca viharati appamāṇacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti – yatthassa te pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. So evaṃ anurodhavirodhavippahīno yaṃ kiñci vedanaṃ vedeti, sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā, so taṃ vedanaṃ nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ vedanaṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato yā vedanāsu nandī sā nirujjhati. Tassa nandīnirodhā upādānanirodho, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. Imaṃ kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ dhāretha, sātiṃ pana bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ mahātaṇhājālataṇhāsaṅghāṭappaṭimukka’’nti.
世尊说了这番话。诸比丘心满意足,欢喜奉行。显示巴利原文
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 说法者,纠正嗏帝的错误见解 Sāti kevaṭṭaputta 嗏帝 渔夫之子,执著“同一识轮回”邪见的比丘 Sambahulā bhikkhū 众多比丘 试图劝告嗏帝并向世尊禀告的比丘群 Aññataro bhikkhu 一比丘 受世尊之命去召唤嗏帝的比丘
事件 一位名叫嗏帝的比丘产生了一个严重的错误见解,认为“正是这同一个识在轮回中流转,而非其他”。其他比丘多次劝告他,指出佛陀说“识是缘起的,没有缘就没有识的生起”,但他固执己见,坚称这才是佛陀的教导。比丘们只好将此事禀告佛陀。佛陀亲自询问嗏帝,并严厉呵斥他曲解教法,指出他的观点是常见外道的“我论”。随后,佛陀以此事为缘起,向比丘们详细开示了识依缘而生的道理、缘起的流转与还灭,以及整个导向渴爱灭尽的修行次第。
经文摘要 嗏帝比丘宣扬“有同一个识在轮回”的邪见 → 佛陀呵斥并指出“识依缘而生” → 佛陀通过问答确立“识缘生、依食而住、食灭则识灭”的正见 → 开示从无明到老死的缘起流转 → 教授从护戒到断除对受的欢喜的修行次第,实现渴爱灭尽的解脱。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 背景:破斥“我”的化装舞会
嗏帝比丘的想法,说白了就是觉得有一个不变的“灵魂”或“主体”在生生世世里搬来搬去。他认为打从娘胎到现在,那个能看、能听、能感受、能说话的“我”就是同一个。这不就是换了个佛学词儿的常见吗?佛陀一听就知道这毛病出在哪儿,如果不纠正,整个解脱道就会被误解成“灵魂的净化”,而不是苦的彻底熄灭。
核心:识不是一颗永恒的子弹,它是一团火
佛陀用一个绝妙的比喻来破这个邪见。他说,识的生起就像火,火不会自己悬空烧,它得有个东西“缘”着才能烧起来。缘着木柴烧的叫“柴火”,缘着牛粪烧的叫“牛粪火”。同样的,“缘于眼与色而生起识,就只以眼识来计数;缘于耳与声而生起识,就只以耳识来计数……”。
→ 拆开看:这句话的意思是,你看到一个苹果时生起的那个“视觉认知”,和你听到一首歌时生起的那个“听觉认知”,它们是完全不同的心路过程,是依不同的条件即时产生的,不是一个“万能看听尝”的超级识在后台切换频道。每一次认知都是一个全新的、缘生的刹那组合。所以,没有一个光秃秃的、不变的“识”在轮回,只有一束束依缘而生、依缘而灭的认知之流。
→ 一句话要旨:没有一个不变的灵魂在轮回,只有被渴爱作为燃料推动的、从一根蜡烛跳到另一根蜡烛的缘起之火。
还灭:渴爱是燃料,断它火就灭了
经文后半部分详细解释了苦是怎么转起来的,又是怎么停下来的。整个苦的运作链条非常清晰:“这四种食以渴爱为因…渴爱以受为因…受以触为因…”一直推到“无明为缘而有行”。这就是苦的生起。
那怎么把它停下来呢?经文说的很实操:当你看、听、尝、触时,如果对喜欢的感受不贪著,对不喜欢的感受不嗔恚,就只是在当下保持正念,清楚地知道发生了什么,而内心不起任何抓取或排斥的波澜。这时候,“他对诸受的欢喜灭尽。由于他欢喜的灭尽而取灭,由取灭而有灭……如此,这整个苦蕴灭尽”。
→ 拆开看:关键点就在“受”和“渴爱”之间的那个“欢喜”。你感到快乐,这没问题;但如果内心立刻对这个快乐生起“哇,好爽,还要!”的眷恋和欣喜,那“渴爱”就发动了,轮回的苦因就种下了。修行不是要把感受弄没,而是要在感受生起的接触点上,切断那种自动导航式的“欢喜”和粘著。
关键术语锚 - viññāṇa → 识 :极易误解为灵魂。本篇核心就是破“同一识”,强调识是依六根、六尘等因缘条件才生起的认知功能,不是恒常的实体。
- taṇhā → 渴爱 :标题里的“大渴爱”。这不是指喜欢喝水,而是指对感官享受、对存在、对不存在的一种深层、黏着的抓取和渴望,是推动轮回的燃料。
- vedanā → 受 :快乐的、痛苦的、不苦不乐的感受。这是渴爱的直接生起因,是修行者用功的关键观察点和切断点。
- āhāra → 食 :不仅指物质食物,更是滋养生命延续的四种养分:段食、触、意思、识。它解释了生命和苦是如何被“喂养”而持续存在的。
- bhūta → 已生 :经文中反复用“这是已成的”、“那是从食而生的”等问答。它指的是任何一个现象,都是已生起的、被制造出来的、缘生的事物,从而确立其“灭法”的本质,打破对恒常的执取。