325如是我闻:一时,世尊住在那提卡的砖屋中。那时,尊者阿那律、尊者难提与尊者金毗罗正住在果星嘎的林间沙罗树苑。傍晚时分,世尊从独处禅坐中起身,往果星嘎的林间沙罗树苑走去。林苑守护者远远望见世尊到来,见后便对世尊说:“沙门,请勿入此林苑。这里有三位善男子,正随宜安住,勿扰其修。”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nātike viharati giñjakāvasathe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo gosiṅgasālavanadāye viharanti. Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena gosiṅgasālavanadāyo tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho dāyapālo bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā, samaṇa, etaṃ dāyaṃ pāvisi. Santettha tayo kulaputtā attakāmarūpā viharanti. Mā tesaṃ aphāsumakāsī’’ti.
尊者阿那律听到了林苑守护者与世尊的交谈。听了之后,便对林苑守护者说:“守护者朋友,请不要阻拦世尊,是我们的导师——世尊到了。”于是,尊者阿那律来到尊者难提和尊者金毗罗处,到了以后,对尊者难提和尊者金毗罗说:“尊者们,请出来吧,尊者们,请出来吧,我们的导师世尊到了。”于是,尊者阿那律、尊者难提和尊者金毗罗一起出来迎接世尊:一人接过世尊的衣钵,一人铺设座位,一人端来洗脚水。世尊在铺好的座位上坐下,洗完脚。几位尊者礼敬世尊后,坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的尊者阿那律这样说:
Assosi kho āyasmā anuruddho dāyapālassa bhagavatā saddhiṃ mantayamānassa. Sutvāna dāyapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā, āvuso dāyapāla, bhagavantaṃ vāresi. Satthā no bhagavā anuppatto’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho yenāyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantañca nandiyaṃ āyasmantañca kimilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkamathāyasmanto, abhikkamathāyasmanto, satthā no bhagavā anuppatto’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo bhagavantaṃ paccuggantvā – eko bhagavato pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahesi, eko āsanaṃ paññapesi, eko pādodakaṃ upaṭṭhāpesi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho bhagavā pāde pakkhālesi. Tepi kho āyasmanto bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
326“阿那律,你们是否堪忍?是否过得去?托钵乞食不疲苦吧?”“世尊,我们堪忍,过得去,尊者,我们并未因托钵乞食而疲苦。”“那么,阿那律,你们是否和合相处,欢喜融洽,无有诤论,如乳水交融般,彼此以慈爱的目光相看而住呢?”“确实,世尊,我们和合、欢喜、无诤,如乳水交融,彼此以慈爱的目光相看而住。”“阿那律,你们是如何这样和合、欢喜、无诤,如乳水交融般,彼此以慈爱的目光相看而住的呢?”“世尊,对此我是这样想的:‘我能与这样的同梵行者共住,真是我所得的利益,真是我所得的大善利啊!’因此,世尊,我对这些尊者,不论在人前还是独处,都现起慈爱的身业;不论在人前还是独处,都现起慈爱的语业;不论在人前还是独处,都现起慈爱的意业。世尊,我又这样想:‘我何不将自己的心意搁下,就随顺着这些尊者的心意而行呢?’于是,世尊,我便搁下了自己的心意,只随顺这些尊者的心意而行。世尊,我们”
‘‘Kacci vo, anuruddhā, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci piṇḍakena na kilamathā’’ti ? ‘‘Khamanīyaṃ, bhagavā, yāpanīyaṃ, bhagavā; na ca mayaṃ, bhante, piṇḍakena kilamāmā’’ti. ‘‘Kacci pana vo, anuruddhā, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Taggha mayaṃ , bhante, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharāmā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe, anuruddhā, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Idha mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yohaṃ evarūpehi sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṃ viharāmī’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, imesu āyasmantesu mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca; mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca; mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vatteyya’nti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vattāmi. Nānā hi kho no, bhante, kāyā ekañca pana maññe citta’’nti.
尊者难提也……尊者金毗罗也这样对世尊说:“世尊,我也是这样想的:‘我能与这样的同梵行者共住,真是我所得的利益,真是我所得的大善利啊!’因此,世尊,我对这些尊者,不论在人前还是独处,都现起慈爱的身业;不论在人前还是独处,都现起慈爱的语业;不论在人前还是独处,都现起慈爱的意业。世尊,我又这样想:‘我何不将自己的心意搁下,随顺着这些尊者的心意而行呢?’于是,世尊,我便搁下了自己的心意,只随顺这些尊者的心意而行。世尊,我们的身体虽然各不相同,但我认为我们的心却是一体。”
Āyasmāpi kho nandiyo…pe… āyasmāpi kho kimilo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayhampi, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yohaṃ evarūpehi sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṃ viharāmī’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, imesu āyasmantesu mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca, mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca, mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vatteyya’nti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vattāmi. Nānā hi kho no, bhante, kāyā ekañca pana maññe cittanti.
“尊者,我们正是如此和合、融洽、无诤,如水乳交融,彼此以慈眼相视而安住。”
‘‘Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharāmā’’ti.
327“善哉,善哉,阿那律!那么,阿那律,你们是否安住于不放逸、精进、一心专注呢?”“确实,尊者,我们安住于不放逸、精进、一心专注。”“阿那律,你们是如何安住于这般不放逸、精进、一心专注的呢?”“尊者,在我们当中,最先从村落托钵归来者,便铺设座位,备好饮用水与洗用水,并放置废物桶。后从村落托钵归来者,若尚有剩余的食物,若他欲食则食;若不欲食,便将其弃于无草之处,或倾入无有生物的水中。随后,他收拾座位,收好饮用水与洗用水,清洗废物桶,并打扫食堂。若有人见饮用水罐、洗用水罐或厕所水罐已空、无水,便负责添满。若他独自无法完成,便以手势唤来另一人,两人以手势默契配合而作。尊者,我们决不会因这类事情而开口说话。再者,尊者,我们每隔五日,便整夜共坐一处,进行法义的讨论。尊者,我们正是以此方式,安住于不放逸、精进、一心专注之中。”
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, anuruddhā! Kacci pana vo, anuruddhā, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Taggha mayaṃ, bhante, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharāmā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe, anuruddhā, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bhante, amhākaṃ yo paṭhamaṃ gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati so āsanāni paññapeti, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, avakkārapātiṃ upaṭṭhāpeti. Yo pacchā gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati, sace hoti bhuttāvaseso sace ākaṅkhati bhuñjati, no ce ākaṅkhati appaharite vā chaḍḍeti, appāṇake vā udake opilāpeti. So āsanāni paṭisāmeti, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ paṭisāmeti, avakkārapātiṃ paṭisāmeti, bhattaggaṃ sammajjati. Yo passati pānīyaghaṭaṃ vā paribhojanīyaghaṭaṃ vā vaccaghaṭaṃ vā rittaṃ tucchaṃ so upaṭṭhāpeti. Sacassa hoti avisayhaṃ, hatthavikārena dutiyaṃ āmantetvā hatthavilaṅghakena upaṭṭhāpema, na tveva mayaṃ, bhante, tappaccayā vācaṃ bhindāma. Pañcāhikaṃ kho pana mayaṃ, bhante, sabbarattikaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sannisīdāma. Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharāmā’’ti.
328“善哉,善哉,阿那律!阿那律,你们如此不放逸、精勤、自我鞭策而住,是否已经证得了超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住呢?”“尊者,怎么会没有呢!尊者,在此,只要我们希望,便能完全远离感官欲望、远离不善法,进入并安住于有寻、有伺,由离而生喜与乐的初禅。尊者,这就是我们不放逸、精勤、自我鞭策而住时,所证得的超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住。”
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, anuruddhā! Atthi pana vo, anuruddhā, evaṃ appamattānaṃ ātāpīnaṃ pahitattānaṃ viharantānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti? ‘‘Kiñhi no siyā, bhante! Idha mayaṃ, bhante, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāma vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāma. Ayaṃ kho no, bhante, amhākaṃ appamattānaṃ ātāpīnaṃ pahitattānaṃ viharantānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti.
“善哉!善哉!阿那律!那么,阿那律,作为超越并平息此住之后,你们是否还证得了其他超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住呢?”“尊者,怎么会没有呢!尊者,在此,我们只要愿意,便能完全超越非想非非想处,进入并安住于想受灭定,且以智慧照见,诸漏已尽。尊者,这就是超越并平息彼住之后,我们另外证得的超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住。而尊者,我们不见有比此安乐住更上、更殊胜的其他安乐住了。”“善哉!善哉!阿那律!确实没有比此安乐住更上、更殊胜的安乐住了。”
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, anuruddhā! Etassa pana vo, anuruddhā, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā atthañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti? ‘‘Kiñhi no siyā, bhante! Idha mayaṃ, bhante, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāma sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharāma, paññāya ca no disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā. Etassa, bhante, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā ayamañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro. Imamhā ca mayaṃ, bhante, phāsuvihārā aññaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ uttaritaraṃ vā paṇītataraṃ vā na samanupassāmā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu, anuruddhā! Imamhā phāsuvihārā uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā phāsuvihāro natthī’’ti.
“善哉,善哉,阿那律!那么,阿那律,你们是否超越了此住,平息了此住,并更证得了其他超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住呢?”“怎么会没有呢,尊者!尊者,在此,只要我们希望,便能由寻与伺的止息,内心明净,心念专一,进入并安住于无寻无伺、由定而生喜与乐的第二禅。尊者,超越并平息了之前那个安住后,这便是我们另外证得的超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住。”
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, anuruddhā! Etassa pana vo, anuruddhā, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā atthañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti? ‘‘Kiñhi no siyā, bhante! Idha mayaṃ, bhante, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāma vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāma. Etassa, bhante, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā ayamañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti.
“善哉,善哉,阿那律!那么,阿那律,你们是否超越了那个住,平息了那个住,另证得超越凡夫之法、堪称圣者的智见殊胜、安乐住呢?”“怎么会没有呢,尊者!尊者,于此,只要我们愿意,便离于喜而安住于舍,正念正知,身受快乐,进入并安住于圣者们所称说的‘舍、具念、乐住’的第三禅那。尊者,这便是我们超越并平息了前一个住之后,另证得的超越凡夫之法、堪称圣者的智见殊胜、安乐住。”
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, anuruddhā! Etassa pana vo, anuruddhā, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā atthañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti? ‘‘Kiñhi no siyā, bhante! Idha mayaṃ, bhante, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāma pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhakā ca viharāma, satā ca sampajānā, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedema, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāma. Etassa, bhante, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā ayamañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti.
“善哉,善哉,阿那律!那么,阿那律,你们在超越并平息了这一安住之后,可还证得了其他超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住?” “尊者,怎么会没有呢?尊者,于此,只要我们愿意,便能舍断乐、舍断苦,先前所有的喜悦与忧伤皆悉灭尽,进入并安住于不苦不乐、舍念清净的第四禅那。尊者,超越并平息了前述安住之后,这便是我们另外证得的超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住。”
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, anuruddhā! Etassa pana vo, anuruddhā, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā atthañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti ? ‘‘Kiñhi no siyā, bhante! Idha mayaṃ, bhante, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāma sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā, adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāma. Etassa, bhante, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā ayamañño uttari manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti.
“善哉,善哉,阿那律!那么,阿那律,你们在超越并平息了这一安住之后,可还证得了其他超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住?” “尊者,怎么会没有呢?尊者,于此,只要我们愿意,便能完全超越一切色想,有对想灭尽,不作意种种想,作意‘虚空无边’,进入并安住于空无边处。尊者,超越并平息了前述安住之后,这便是我们另外证得的超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住。”
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, anuruddhā! Etassa pana vo, anuruddhā, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā atthañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti? ‘‘Kiñhi no siyā, bhante! Idha mayaṃ, bhante, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāma sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāma. Etassa, bhante, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā ayamañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti.
329“善哉,善哉,阿那律!那么,阿那律,你们在超越并平息了这一安住之后,可还证得了其他超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住?” “尊者,怎么会没有呢?尊者,于此,只要我们愿意,便能完全超越空无边处,作意‘识无边’,进入并安住于识无边处……完全超越识无边处,作意‘无所有’,进入并安住于无所有处……完全超越无所有处,进入并安住于非想非非想处。尊者,超越并平息了前述安住之后,这便是我们另外证得的超越凡夫之法、堪为圣者的智见殊胜与安乐住。”
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, anuruddhā! Etassa pana vo, anuruddhā, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā atthañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti? ‘‘Kiñhi no siyā, bhante! Idha mayaṃ, bhante, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāma sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāma…pe… sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāma…pe… sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāma. Etassa, bhante, vihārassa samatikkamāya etassa vihārassa paṭippassaddhiyā ayamañño uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti.
330那时,世尊以法语开示、劝导、激励、令尊者阿那律、尊者难提与尊者金毗罗生欢喜后,从座起身离去。随后,尊者阿那律、尊者难提与尊者金毗罗送世尊一程后返回,尊者难提与尊者金毗罗对尊者阿那律这样说:“我们可曾向阿那律尊者禀告:‘我们已证得如此种种安住等至’,以致阿那律尊者在世尊面前径直宣告我们诸漏已尽?”“贤友们,你们并未向我禀告:‘我们已证得如此种种安住等至’。然而,我以自心了知贤友们的心:‘这些贤者已证得如此种种安住等至。’亦有诸天神向我告知:‘这些贤者已证得如此种种安住等至。’因此,当世尊问起时,我便那样回答了。”
Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantañca anuruddhaṃ āyasmantañca nandiyaṃ āyasmantañca kimilaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo bhagavantaṃ anusaṃyāyitvā tato paṭinivattitvā āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho mayaṃ āyasmato anuruddhassa evamārocimha – ‘imāsañca imāsañca vihārasamāpattīnaṃ mayaṃ lābhino’ti, yaṃ no āyasmā anuruddho bhagavato sammukhā yāva āsavānaṃ khayā pakāsetī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho me āyasmanto evamārocesuṃ – ‘imāsañca imāsañca vihārasamāpattīnaṃ mayaṃ lābhino’ti, api ca me āyasmantānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca vidito – ‘imāsañca imāsañca vihārasamāpattīnaṃ ime āyasmanto lābhino’ti. Devatāpi me etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ – ‘imāsañca imāsañca vihārasamāpattīnaṃ ime āyasmanto lābhino’ti. Tamenaṃ bhagavatā pañhābhipuṭṭhena byākata’’nti.
331那时,地咖·巴拉加那神灵来到世尊面前,顶礼世尊后,立于一旁。立于一旁的地咖·巴拉加那神灵对世尊这样说:“尊者,跋耆人实为有幸,跋耆民众实为善得,此处有如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者住,又有这三位善男子——阿那律尊者、难提尊者与金毗罗尊者。”听到地咖·巴拉加那神灵的声音后,诸地神发出此言:“贤友,跋耆人实为有幸,跋耆民众实为善得,此处有如来、阿……”
Atha kho dīgho parajano yakkho yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho dīgho parajano yakkho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘lābhā vata, bhante, vajjīnaṃ, suladdhalābhā vajjipajāya, yattha tathāgato viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, ime ca tayo kulaputtā – āyasmā ca anuruddho, āyasmā ca nandiyo, āyasmā ca kimilo’’ti. Dīghassa parajanassa yakkhassa saddaṃ sutvā bhummā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ – ‘lābhā vata, bho, vajjīnaṃ, suladdhalābhā vajjipajāya, yattha tathāgato viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, ime ca tayo kulaputtā – āyasmā ca anuruddho, āyasmā ca nandiyo, āyasmā ca kimilo’ti. Bhummānaṃ devānaṃ saddaṃ sutvā cātumahārājikā devā…pe… tāvatiṃsā devā…pe… yāmā devā…pe… tusitā devā…pe… nimmānaratī devā…pe… paranimmitavasavattī devā…pe… brahmakāyikā devā saddamanussāvesuṃ – ‘‘lābhā vata, bho, vajjīnaṃ, suladdhalābhā vajjipajāya, yattha tathāgato viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, ime ca tayo kulaputtā – āyasmā ca anuruddho, āyasmā ca nandiyo, āyasmā ca kimilo’’ti. Itiha te āyasmanto tena khaṇena (tena layena) tena muhuttena yāvabrahmalokā viditā ahesuṃ.
“正是如此,地咖,正是如此,地咖!地咖,如果这三位善男子出家的那个家庭,以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,那个家庭便能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,如果这三位善男子出家的那个家族,以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,那个家族便能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,如果这三位善男子出家的那个村庄,以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,那个村庄便能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,如果这三位善男子出家的那个小镇,以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,那个小镇便能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,如果这三位善男子出家的那个城市,以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,那个城市便能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,如果这三位善男子出家的那个地区,以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,那个地区便能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,如果所有的刹帝利,都以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,所有的刹帝利也都能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,如果所有的婆罗门,都以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,所有的婆罗门也都能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,如果所有的吠舍,都以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,所有的吠舍也都能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,如果所有的庶民,都以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,所有的庶民也都能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,如果这包含天、魔、梵的世界,包含沙门、婆罗门与天人的世间,都以清净信心忆念这三位善男子,这包含天、魔、梵的世界,包含沙门、婆罗门与天人的世间也都能长久获得利益与安乐。地咖,你看,这三位善男子的修行,正是为了利益大众、安乐大众,出于对世间的悲悯,为了天与人众的利益、安乐与福祉。”
‘‘Evametaṃ, dīgha, evametaṃ, dīgha! Yasmāpi, dīgha, kulā ete tayo kulaputtā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, tañcepi kulaṃ ete tayo kulaputte pasannacittaṃ anussareyya, tassapāssa kulassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Yasmāpi, dīgha, kulaparivaṭṭā ete tayo kulaputtā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, so cepi kulaparivaṭṭo ete tayo kulaputte pasannacitto anussareyya, tassapāssa kulaparivaṭṭassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Yasmāpi, dīgha, gāmā ete tayo kulaputtā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, so cepi gāmo ete tayo kulaputte pasannacitto anussareyya, tassapāssa gāmassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Yasmāpi, dīgha, nigamā ete tayo kulaputtā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, so cepi nigamo ete tayo kulaputte pasannacitto anussareyya, tassapāssa nigamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Yasmāpi, dīgha, nagarā ete tayo kulaputtā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, tañcepi nagaraṃ ete tayo kulaputte pasannacittaṃ anussareyya, tassapāssa nagarassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Yasmāpi, dīgha, janapadā ete tayo kulaputtā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, so cepi janapado ete tayo kulaputte pasannacitto anussareyya, tassapāssa janapadassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Sabbe cepi, dīgha, khattiyā ete tayo kulaputte pasannacittā anussareyyuṃ, sabbesānaṃpāssa khattiyānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Sabbe cepi, dīgha, brāhmaṇā…pe… sabbe cepi, dīgha, vessā…pe… sabbe cepi, dīgha, suddā ete tayo kulaputte pasannacittā anussareyyuṃ, sabbesānaṃpāssa suddānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Sadevako cepi, dīgha, loko samārako sabrahmako sassamaṇabrāhmaṇī pajā sadevamanussā ete tayo kulaputte pasannacittā anussareyya, sadevakassapāssa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Passa, dīgha, yāva ete tayo kulaputtā bahujanahitāya paṭipannā bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya, atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’’nti.
世尊说了这番话。地咖·巴拉加那夜叉心中欢喜,认可世尊所说。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano dīgho parajano yakkho bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Bhagavā | 世尊 | 佛陀,探访并印证三位比丘的修行成就 |
| Anuruddha | 阿那律 | 佛陀的堂弟,天眼第一,三位共住比丘之一 |
| Nandiya | 难地亚 | 释迦族比丘,三位共住比丘之一 |
| Kimbila | 奇米喇 | 释迦族比丘,三位共住比丘之一 |
| ārāmapāla | 林苑守护者 | 那提咖砖屋的林苑守护者,最初试图阻拦世尊 |
| Dīgha Parajana | 地咖·巴拉加那 | 夜叉,赞叹三位比丘的功德,并引发诸天共鸣 |
地点
世尊在未受邀请的情况下,前往阿那律、难地亚与奇米喇三位比丘共住的果新嘎沙喇瓦林苑进行探访。
事件
世尊来到三位比丘居住的林苑,起初被守护者阻拦。阿那律认出导师后,三位比丘恭敬地迎接并招待世尊。世尊询问他们如何共住,三人回答他们通过“慈身语意业”彼此相待,并“舍弃自己心意”,做到“身虽不同,心却是一个”,如同水乳交融。接着,他们向世尊如实汇报了自己精进修行的成果,从初禅一直证到想受灭定,最终“诸漏已尽”。他们的成就引发了一位夜叉的赞叹,其赞叹声响彻人天各界,世尊进而开示:忆念这样的善士,能给个人乃至一切世间带来长久的利益与安乐。
经文摘要
世尊探访林苑遇到的的阻拦,开启了对三位共住比丘的考察(A)→ 三位比丘展现“舍己从人、视心如一的”深度和合,并逐级汇报了从初禅到漏尽的完整修行次第(B)→ 其德行感召人天赞叹,世尊揭示清净梵行者是世间的无上福田(C)。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解)
1. 背景:一场突袭考察
这部经的缘起很生动。世尊像个不按门铃的老师,直接走到三个弟子的住处,想看他们私下到底怎么过日子。看门的还拦他,说“里面三位善男子在为自己修行,别打扰”。这和后来展现出的三位比丘无私、和合的状态,形成了鲜明对比,也点出了一个关键:真正的修行,绝不是只顾自己。
2. 核心:什么才算真正的“共住”?
世尊发出灵魂拷问:“你们真的处得来,像水乳交融一样吗?”
阿那律的回答揭示了核心心法,不是简单的互相客气,而是:
→ 拆开看: 这不是让你没主见当应声虫,而是主动放下“我执”。人际关系的摩擦,根源全在于“我想怎样”、“我觉得应该如何”。阿那律主动干掉自己的固执,彻底融入团队。所以他才敢说:“我们的身虽然不同,但心我认为是一个。”这是一种极高段位的和合,比任何制度规范都深刻,他们通过放下“我”而真正融为“一体”。
3. 精进与果实:日常到超凡的完整地图
他们的精进不止在心念,也在柴米油盐。经文仔细描述了他们的日常:先回来的铺座位、备水,后回来的收拾剩饭、清洗打扫,搬水桶搬不动就用手势招呼,整个过程“我们不会因此而开口说话”。这不是冷漠,而是内心极度安稳、无须闲言碎语来填补空虚的表现。他们在无言的默契中,每五天来一场法义讨论。
这种投入的成果,就是一条清晰的禅修进阶之路:从初禅逐级深入到非想非非想处,最后超越一切心识状态,证入“想受灭”,并以智慧彻底断除了所有烦恼(漏)。
世尊一连问了好几个“还有更上妙的吗?”,最后一声“善哉”的赞叹,等于给整条修行路径盖了章,止于漏尽才是终极安乐。
→ 一句话要旨: 真正的梵行生活,是放下自我执见的深度和合,它不脱离洒扫日常,却能将修行推向究竟解脱,这种清净的力量本身就是对世间最强大的加持和利益。
关键术语锚
- rāga→贪:本篇僧团“不争论”的根本,是因为断除了“贪”,特别是对自我见解的贪着,而不只是行为上的修养。
- diṭṭhi→见:阿那律提到的“舍弃自己的心意”,在深层上就是放下“我见”。这不是没有思想,而是不以自我的看法为绝对真理。
- āsava→漏:经文最终落点在“诸漏已尽”。这里直接锁定此术语,指通过想受灭定与慧观,从根本上断除(asava)所有烦恼的流出,达到终极解脱。
- vihāra→住/安住:从篇头的“安乐住”到反复被追问的“证得……住”,此词的深层意涵是“心所安住的状态”,贯穿了从初禅到漏尽的全部心境。
- saddhā→信:篇末夜叉和诸天提到,只要以“净信心”忆念这三位比丘,就能得长久利益。这里的“信”不是盲信,而是对清净梵行功德所产生的纯粹信心。