261如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。在那里,世尊召唤比丘们:“诸比丘啊。”那些比丘回应:“尊者。”世尊这样说道:
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,设想有两间各有门户的屋子。一位有眼力的人站在两屋之间,能看见人们进屋、出屋,来回走动或四处游走。同样地,诸比丘,我以清净、超越常人的天眼,看见众生死去又转生,低劣与高尚,美丽与丑陋,投生善趣或堕入恶趣。我如实了知众生如何随业流转:‘这些尊者身具善行、语具善行、意具善行,不诽谤圣者,具足正见,奉持正见之业。他们身坏命终之后,投生于善趣,乃至天界。或有此类尊者,身具善行、语具善行、意具善行,不诽谤圣者,具足正见,奉持正见之业。他们身坏命终之后,投生于人间。这些尊者身具恶行、语具恶行、意具恶行,诽谤圣者,执持邪见,奉持邪见之业。他们身坏命终之后,投生于饿鬼界。或有此类尊者,身具恶行、语具恶行、意具恶行,诽谤圣者,执持邪见,奉持邪见之业。他们身坏命终之后,投生于畜生胎。又有此类尊者,身具恶行、语具恶行、意具恶行,诽谤圣者,执持邪见,奉持邪见之业。他们身坏命终之后,投生于无幸处、恶趣、堕落处、地狱。’”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dve agārā sadvārā , tattha cakkhumā puriso majjhe ṭhito passeyya manusse gehaṃ pavisantepi nikkhamantepi anucaṅkamantepi anuvicarantepi; evameva kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi – ‘ime vata bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā manussesu upapannā. Ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā ; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā pettivisayaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tiracchānayoniṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā’’’ti.
262“诸比丘,地狱守卫抓住他的手臂,将他带到阎摩王面前,禀告道:‘大王,此人不孝母亲、不孝父亲、不敬沙门、不敬婆罗门,也不尊重家族中的长者。请大王对他施以刑罚。’诸比丘,阎摩王便以第一个天使审问、追问、质问他说:‘人啊,你在人间时,难道没有见过第一个天使出现吗?’他答道:‘尊者,我没见过。’”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā nānābāhāsu gahetvā yamassa rañño dassenti – ‘ayaṃ, deva, puriso amatteyyo apetteyyo asāmañño abrāhmañño, na kule jeṭṭhāpacāyī. Imassa devo daṇḍaṃ paṇetū’ti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā paṭhamaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjati samanugāhati samanubhāsati – ‘ambho purisa, na tvaṃ addasa manussesu paṭhamaṃ devadūtaṃ pātubhūta’nti? So evamāha – ‘nāddasaṃ, bhante’ti.
“诸比丘,阎摩王这样对他说:‘人啊,你在人间时,难道没见过幼小的婴儿,软弱无力地仰卧,陷在自己的粪尿之中吗?’他答道:‘尊者,我见过。’”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, na tvaṃ addasa manussesu daharaṃ kumāraṃ mandaṃ uttānaseyyakaṃ sake muttakarīse palipannaṃ semāna’nti? So evamāha – ‘addasaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
“诸比丘,阎摩王这样对他说:‘人啊,那时的你已有辨识力,且年岁渐长,难道心里不曾这样想过——“我也是受生之法,不能超越出生。我应当以身、语、意修习善行”吗?’他答道:‘尊者,我没能做到,我放逸了,尊者。’”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, tassa te viññussa sato mahallakassa na etadahosi – ahampi khomhi jātidhammo, jātiṃ anatīto. Handāhaṃ kalyāṇaṃ karomi kāyena vācāya manasā’ti? So evamāha – ‘nāsakkhissaṃ, bhante, pamādassaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
“诸比丘,阎摩王这样对他说:‘朋友,你由于放逸,未曾以身、语、意行善。朋友,他们必定会如对待放逸者那般对待你。然而,这恶业,非由母亲所造,非由父亲所造,非由兄弟所造,非由姐妹所造,非由朋友与同僚所造,非由亲属与族人(或血亲)所造,非由沙门与婆罗门所造,非由诸天所造。这恶业唯是你自己所造,你必将自己感受其果报。’”
‘‘Tamenaṃ , bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, pamādavatāya na kalyāṇamakāsi kāyena vācāya manasā. Taggha tvaṃ, ambho purisa, tathā karissanti yathā taṃ pamattaṃ. Taṃ kho pana te etaṃ pāpakammaṃ neva mātarā kataṃ na pitarā kataṃ na bhātarā kataṃ na bhaginiyā kataṃ na mittāmaccehi kataṃ na ñātisālohitehi kataṃ na samaṇabrāhmaṇehi kataṃ na devatāhi kataṃ, tayāvetaṃ pāpakammaṃ kataṃ, tvaññevetassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedissasī’’’ti.
263诸比丘,阎摩王在审问、追问及教导完第一位天使之后,又审问、追问第二位天使。他说:‘朋友,你难道未曾在人间见过第二位天使出现吗?’那人答言:‘未曾见过,尊者。’
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā paṭhamaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjitvā samanugāhitvā samanubhāsitvā dutiyaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjati samanugāhati samanubhāsati – ‘ambho purisa, na tvaṃ addasa manussesu dutiyaṃ devadūtaṃ pātubhūta’nti? So evamāha – ‘nāddasaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
“诸比丘,阎摩王对他这样说:‘朋友,你难道未曾在人间见过这样的女人或男人——年迈衰老,身曲如椽,驼背拄杖,颤巍而行,为病苦所缠,青春已逝,牙齿残缺,头发灰白、稀疏乃至秃顶,皮肤起皱,遍体斑点?’他答言:‘见过的,尊者。’”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, na tvaṃ addasa manussesu itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā ( ) jiṇṇaṃ gopānasivaṅkaṃ bhoggaṃ daṇḍaparāyanaṃ pavedhamānaṃ gacchantaṃ āturaṃ gatayobbanaṃ khaṇḍadantaṃ palitakesaṃ vilūnaṃ khalitasiraṃ valinaṃ tilakāhatagatta’nti? So evamāha – ‘addasaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
诸比丘,阎摩王对他这样说:‘朋友,你是个有理智、有觉知的成年人,难道从未这样想过——“我也是会衰老的,无法超越衰老。且让我通过身、语、意来行善”吗?’他这样回答:‘我没能做到,尊者。我放逸了,尊者。’
‘‘Tamenaṃ , bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, tassa te viññussa sato mahallakassa na etadahosi – ahampi khomhi jarādhammo, jaraṃ anatīto. Handāhaṃ kalyāṇaṃ karomi kāyena vācāya manasā’ti? So evamāha – ‘nāsakkhissaṃ, bhante, pamādassaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
诸比丘,阎摩王对他这样说:‘朋友,正因为放逸,你才没有通过身、语、意去行善。他们必定会按照你的放逸来处置你。这恶业,既不是你母亲造下的,也不是你父亲造下的,不是你兄弟、姐妹造下的,也不是你的朋友同僚、亲族眷属造下的,不是那些沙门与婆罗门造下的,也不是天神所造。这恶业,正是你亲手所造,也唯有你自己将亲身承受它的果报。’
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, pamādavatāya na kalyāṇamakāsi kāyena vācāya manasā. Taggha tvaṃ, ambho purisa, tathā karissanti yathā taṃ pamattaṃ. Taṃ kho pana te etaṃ pāpakammaṃ neva mātarā kataṃ na pitarā kataṃ na bhātarā kataṃ na bhaginiyā kataṃ na mittāmaccehi kataṃ na ñātisālohitehi kataṃ na samaṇabrāhmaṇehi kataṃ na devatāhi kataṃ, tayāvetaṃ pāpakammaṃ kataṃ, tvaññevetassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedissasī’’’ti.
264“诸比丘,阎摩王在盘问、追问、教导完关于第二天使的事之后,接着又盘问、追问、教导关于第三天使的事:‘朋友,难道你在人间不曾见过第三天使出现吗?’那人回答:‘不曾见过,尊者。’”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā dutiyaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjitvā samanugāhitvā samanubhāsitvā tatiyaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjati samanugāhati samanubhāsati – ‘ambho purisa, na tvaṃ addasa manussesu tatiyaṃ devadūtaṃ pātubhūta’nti? So evamāha – ‘nāddasaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
“诸比丘,阎摩王对他说:‘你这个人,难道你在人间没有见过这样的女人或男人吗——他们身患疾病,饱受痛苦,重病缠身,瘫卧在自己的屎尿中,由他人扶起,由他人放下?’那人回答:‘见过的,大人。’”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, na tvaṃ addasa manussesu itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ sake muttakarīse palipannaṃ semānaṃ aññehi vuṭṭhāpiyamānaṃ aññehi saṃvesiyamāna’nti? So evamāha – ‘addasaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
诸比丘,阎摩王便问他:‘你这个人,作为一个有智慧、具正念的成年人,那时难道就不曾这样想过——“我也会生病,无法超越疾病。来吧,让我以身、口、意行善”吗?’他回答:‘大王,我未能做到,大王,我放逸了。’
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, tassa te viññussa sato mahallakassa na etadahosi – ahampi khomhi byādhidhammo , byādhiṃ anatīto. Handāhaṃ kalyāṇaṃ karomi kāyena vācāya manasā’ti? So evamāha – ‘nāsakkhissaṃ, bhante, pamādassaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
诸比丘,阎摩王这样对他说:‘你这个人,因为放逸,你没有以身、口、意行善。的确,你这个人,他们将会像处置放逸者那样来处置你。然而,这个恶业,并非母亲所造,并非父亲所造,并非兄弟所造,并非姐妹所造,并非朋友、同僚所造,并非亲族、血亲所造,并非沙门、婆罗门所造,亦非天神所造。这个恶业是你自己造的,你将独自承受它的果报。’
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, pamādavatāya na kalyāṇamakāsi kāyena vācāya manasā. Taggha tvaṃ, ambho purisa, tathā karissanti yathā taṃ pamattaṃ. Taṃ kho pana te etaṃ pāpakammaṃ neva mātarā kataṃ na pitarā kataṃ na bhātarā kataṃ na bhaginiyā kataṃ na mittāmaccehi kataṃ na ñātisālohitehi kataṃ na samaṇabrāhmaṇehi kataṃ na devatāhi kataṃ, tayāvetaṃ pāpakammaṃ kataṃ, tvaññevetassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedissasī’’’ti.
265诸比丘,那时阎摩王盘问、追究、训诫完第三位天使之后,又盘问、追究、训诫第四位天使:‘朋友,你在人间难道不曾见过第四位天使出现吗?’他回答说:‘我没见过,大王。’
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā tatiyaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjitvā samanugāhitvā samanubhāsitvā catutthaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjati samanugāhati samanubhāsati – ‘ambho purisa, na tvaṃ addasa manussesu catutthaṃ devadūtaṃ pātubhūta’nti? So evamāha – ‘nāddasaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
“诸比丘,阎摩王对他说道:“喂,你这人,难道你不曾见过在人间,国王们捉住盗贼、罪犯后,对他们施以种种刑罚吗?——以鞭抽打、以藤条抽打、以粗短棍抽打;砍断手、砍断脚、砍断手脚;割掉耳朵、割掉鼻子、割掉耳鼻;施以‘粥锅’刑、施以‘削螺顶’刑、施以‘罗睺口’刑、施以‘火鬘’刑、施以‘手灯’刑、施以‘草叶’刑、施以‘树皮衣’刑、施以‘羚羊’刑、施以‘肉钩’刑、施以‘铜钱’刑、施以‘碱水磨肤’刑、施以‘门闩转’刑、施以‘草垫’刑;用滚烫的油浇灌他们、放狗啃噬他们、活活以矛刺穿他们、用剑砍下他们的头?”他答道:“见过的,大人。”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, na tvaṃ addasa manussesu rājāno coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārente – kasāhipi tāḷente vettehipi tāḷente addhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷente hatthampi chindante pādampi chindante hatthapādampi chindante kaṇṇampi chindante nāsampi chindante kaṇṇanāsampi chindante bilaṅgathālikampi karonte saṅkhamuṇḍikampi karonte rāhumukhampi karonte jotimālikampi karonte hatthapajjotikampi karonte erakavattikampi karonte cīrakavāsikampi karonte eṇeyyakampi karonte baḷisamaṃsikampi karonte kahāpaṇikampi karonte khārāpatacchikampi karonte palighaparivattikampi karonte palālapīṭhakampi karonte tattenapi telena osiñcante sunakhehipi khādāpente jīvantampi sūle uttāsente asināpi sīsaṃ chindante’ti? So evamāha – ‘addasaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
“诸比丘,阎摩王对他说:‘朋友,你有理智、有觉知,也是成年人了,难道你就不曾这样想过——“造恶业的人,在现世就要遭受这般种种刑罚,更何况来世呢?来吧,让我以身、口、意行善”?’他回答:‘我没能做到,大人,我放逸了。’”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, tassa te viññussa sato mahallakassa na etadahosi – ye kira, bho, pāpakāni kammāni karonti te diṭṭheva dhamme evarūpā vividhā kammakāraṇā karīyanti, kimaṅgaṃ pana parattha ! Handāhaṃ kalyāṇaṃ karomi kāyena vācāya manasā’ti? So evamāha – ‘nāsakkhissaṃ, bhante, pamādassaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
诸比丘,那时阎摩王这样对他说:‘朋友,你这个人,因为放逸,你没有以身、口、意行善。确实,你这个人,你将承受的,正如同对那放逸者所做的一般。然而,你的这个恶业,不是母亲为你所做,不是父亲为你所做,不是兄弟为你所做,不是姐妹为你所做,不是朋友、同僚为你所做,不是亲族、血亲为你所做,不是沙门、婆罗门为你所做,也不是天神们为你所做。这个恶业是你自己所造,你将独自领受它的果报。’
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, pamādavatāya na kalyāṇamakāsi kāyena vācāya manasā. Taggha tvaṃ, ambho purisa, tathā karissanti yathā taṃ pamattaṃ. Taṃ kho pana te etaṃ pāpakammaṃ neva mātarā kataṃ na pitarā kataṃ na bhātarā kataṃ na bhaginiyā kataṃ na mittāmaccehi kataṃ na ñātisālohitehi kataṃ na samaṇabrāhmaṇehi kataṃ na devatāhi kataṃ, tayāvetaṃ pāpakammaṃ kataṃ, tvaññevetassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedissasī’’’ti.
266诸比丘,阎摩王在就第四位天使反复审问、盘问、告诫之后,又就第五位天使审问、盘问、告诫说:“人哪,你难道未曾见过人间所显现的第五位天使吗?”那人答言:“未曾见过,尊长。”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā catutthaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjitvā samanugāhitvā samanubhāsitvā pañcamaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjati samanugāhati samanubhāsati – ‘ambho purisa, na tvaṃ addasa manussesu pañcamaṃ devadūtaṃ pātubhūta’nti? So evamāha – ‘nāddasaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
诸比丘,阎摩王对他说:“人哪,你难道未曾见过人间那些死去一日、二日或三日的男人或女人,尸体膨胀、青瘀、腐烂流脓吗?”那人答言:“见过,尊长。”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, na tvaṃ addasa manussesu itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā ekāhamataṃ vā dvīhamataṃ vā tīhamataṃ vā uddhumātakaṃ vinīlakaṃ vipubbakajāta’nti? So evamāha – ‘addasaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
诸比丘,阎摩王便对他说:‘人啊,你当时已有智慧且成熟,难道就不曾生起这样的念头——我也是有死法者,不能超越死亡。来吧,让我以身、语、意行于善法?’那人回答:‘我未能做到,尊长,我放逸了。’
‘‘Tamenaṃ , bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, tassa te viññussa sato mahallakassa na etadahosi – ahampi khomhi maraṇadhammo, maraṇaṃ anatīto. Handāhaṃ kalyāṇaṃ karomi kāyena vācāya manasā’ti? So evamāha – ‘nāsakkhissaṃ, bhante, pamādassaṃ, bhante’’’ti.
诸比丘,接着,阎摩王对他这样说:‘人啊,你因放逸,没有以身、语、意行善。人啊,他们必将如惩治放逸者那般惩治你。然而,你的这个恶业,不为你母亲所造,不为你父亲所造,不为你兄弟所造,不为你姐妹所造,不为你朋友与同僚所造,不为你亲戚与血亲所造,不为沙门与婆罗门所造,也不为诸天所造;这恶业是你自己所造,你必将独自感受其果报。’
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā evamāha – ‘ambho purisa, pamādavatāya na kalyāṇamakāsi kāyena vācāya manasā. Taggha tvaṃ, ambho purisa, tathā karissanti yathā taṃ pamattaṃ. Taṃ kho pana te etaṃ pāpakammaṃ neva mātarā kataṃ na pitarā kataṃ na bhātarā kataṃ na bhaginiyā kataṃ na mittāmaccehi kataṃ na ñātisālohitehi kataṃ na samaṇabrāhmaṇehi kataṃ na devatāhi kataṃ, tayāvetaṃ pāpakammaṃ kataṃ, tvaññevetassa vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedissasī’’’ti.
267诸比丘,阎摩王对第五位天使如此反复审问、盘问和告诫之后,便沉默了。诸比丘,接着地狱守卫就对他施行一种名为“五重捆绑”的刑罚:他们将烧红的铁钉钉入他的一只手,将烧红的铁钉钉入另一只手,将烧红的铁钉钉入他的一只脚,将烧红的铁钉钉入另一只脚,将烧红的铁钉钉入他胸口的正中央。他在那里感受到痛苦、剧烈、粗糙、锐利的受,但只要那个恶业还没有耗尽,他就不会死。诸比丘,接着地狱守卫把他按倒在地,用斧头砍他……诸比丘,接着地狱守卫把他头朝下脚朝上地倒提起来,用砍刀砍他……诸比丘,接着地狱守卫把他套在车上,在一片燃烧、炽热、火焰炽盛的地面上来回拖行……诸比丘,接着地狱守卫让他爬上爬下一座巨大、燃烧、炽热、火焰炽盛的炭火山……诸比丘,接着地狱守卫又把他头朝下脚朝上地抓住,扔进一口烧得通红、炽热、火焰炽盛的铜锅里。他在那里被煮得翻涌起泡沫。当他被煮得翻涌起泡沫时,一会儿浮起,一会儿沉下,一会儿横着漂动。他在那里感受到痛苦、剧烈、粗糙、锐利的受,但只要那个恶业还没有耗尽,他就不会死。诸比丘,接着地狱守卫把他扔进大地狱之中。诸比丘,而那个大地狱是这样——
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, yamo rājā pañcamaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjitvā samanugāhitvā samanubhāsitvā tuṇhī hoti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā pañcavidhabandhanaṃ nāma kammakāraṇaṃ karonti – tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ hatthe gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ dutiye hatthe gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ pāde gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ dutiye pāde gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ majjheurasmiṃ gamenti. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṃ karoti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā saṃvesetvā kuṭhārīhi tacchanti…pe… tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā uddhaṃpādaṃ adhosiraṃ gahetvā vāsīhi tacchanti…pe… tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā rathe yojetvā ādittāya pathaviyā sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya sārentipi, paccāsārentipi…pe… tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā mahantaṃ aṅgārapabbataṃ ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ āropentipi oropentipi…pe… tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā uddhaṃpādaṃ adhosiraṃ gahetvā tattāya lohakumbhiyā pakkhipanti ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya. So tattha pheṇuddehakaṃ paccati. So tattha pheṇuddehakaṃ paccamāno sakimpi uddhaṃ gacchati, sakimpi adho gacchati, sakimpi tiriyaṃ gacchati. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā mahāniraye pakkhipanti. So kho pana, bhikkhave, mahānirayo –
它有四个角、四道门,各部分整齐划分,大小分明;
以铁墙环绕,以铁为顶。
其地纯是铁成,炽燃猛烈,充满热力;
它恒时遍满方圆百由旬,炽然安住。
‘‘Catukkaṇṇo catudvāro, vibhatto bhāgaso mito; Ayopākārapariyanto, ayasā paṭikujjito. ‘‘Tassa ayomayā bhūmi, jalitā tejasāyutā; Samantā yojanasataṃ, pharitvā tiṭṭhati sabbadā’’ .
268再者,诸比丘,在大地狱中,东墙火焰升腾,冲向西墙;西墙火焰升腾,冲向东墙;北墙火焰升腾,冲向南墙;南墙火焰升腾,冲向北墙;下方火焰升腾,冲向上方;上方火焰升腾,冲向下方。众生在那里承受着苦痛、剧烈、粗猛、锐利的感受,然而只要恶业未尽,他们便不会死去。
‘‘Tassa kho pana, bhikkhave, mahānirayassa puratthimāya bhittiyā acci uṭṭhahitvā pacchimāya bhittiyā paṭihaññati, pacchimāya bhittiyā acci uṭṭhahitvā puratthimāya bhittiyā paṭihaññati, uttarāya bhittiyā acci uṭṭhahitvā dakkhiṇāya bhittiyā paṭihaññati, dakkhiṇāya bhittiyā acci uṭṭhahitvā uttarāya bhittiyā paṭihaññati, heṭṭhā acci uṭṭhahitvā upari paṭihaññati, uparito acci uṭṭhahitvā heṭṭhā paṭihaññati. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti.
然而,诸比丘,确有那样的时候:在漫长岁月流逝之后,大地狱的东门偶尔打开。那里的众生便疾速朝门奔去。当他疾速奔跑时,外皮烧尽,真皮烧尽,肌肉烧尽,肌腱烧尽,骨骼也烧得冒烟,身体即使被拖出,也依旧如此。当他极为接近时,那扇门便又关闭了。他在那里承受着苦痛、剧烈、粗猛、锐利的感受,然而只要恶业未尽,他就不会死去。
‘‘Hoti kho so, bhikkhave, samayo yaṃ kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena tassa mahānirayassa puratthimaṃ dvāraṃ apāpurīyati . So tattha sīghena javena dhāvati. Tassa sīghena javena dhāvato chavimpi ḍayhati, cammampi ḍayhati, maṃsampi ḍayhati, nhārumpi ḍayhati, aṭṭhīnipi sampadhūpāyanti, ubbhataṃ tādisameva hoti. Yato ca kho so, bhikkhave, bahusampatto hoti, atha taṃ dvāraṃ pidhīyati . So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti.
诸比丘,有那样的时候,在极长的时间过后,那座大地狱的西门会打开……北门会打开……南门会打开。他便拼命朝那里飞奔。当他如此飞奔时,他的外皮被烧,内皮被烧,肉被烧,筋被烧,骨头也被烧得冒烟;身体被拖起时,情形依旧。诸比丘,当他快要接近时,那扇门便又关闭了。他在那里感受着痛苦、剧烈、粗猛、锐利的感受,但只要恶业尚未耗尽,他便不会死去。
‘‘Hoti kho so, bhikkhave, samayo yaṃ kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena tassa mahānirayassa pacchimaṃ dvāraṃ apāpurīyati…pe… uttaraṃ dvāraṃ apāpurīyati…pe… dakkhiṇaṃ dvāraṃ apāpurīyati . So tattha sīghena javena dhāvati. Tassa sīghena javena dhāvato chavimpi ḍayhati, cammampi ḍayhati, maṃsampi ḍayhati, nhārumpi ḍayhati, aṭṭhīnipi sampadhūpāyanti, ubbhataṃ tādisameva hoti. Yato ca kho so, bhikkhave, bahusampatto hoti, atha taṃ dvāraṃ pidhīyati. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti.
“诸比丘,有那样的时候,在极长的时间过后,那座大地狱的东门会打开。他便朝那里拼命飞奔。在他如此飞奔时,外皮、内皮、肉、筋都被烧灼,骨头也烧得冒烟;被拖起时,模样亦复如是。他就这样从这扇门逃了出去。”
‘‘Hoti kho so, bhikkhave, samayo yaṃ kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena tassa mahānirayassa puratthimaṃ dvāraṃ apāpurīyati. So tattha sīghena javena dhāvati. Tassa sīghena javena dhāvato chavimpi ḍayhati, cammampi ḍayhati, maṃsampi ḍayhati, nhārumpi ḍayhati, aṭṭhīnipi sampadhūpāyanti, ubbhataṃ tādisameva hoti. So tena dvārena nikkhamati.
269“诸位比丘,紧临那座大地狱的,便是巨大的粪屎地狱。他便堕入其中。诸位比丘,在那粪屎地狱中,有针嘴的众生穿透他的表皮;穿透表皮后,穿透真皮;穿透真皮后,穿透肉;穿透肉后,穿透筋;穿透筋后,穿透骨;穿透骨后,便啃食骨髓。他在那里领受剧烈、锐利、猛烈、刺骨的苦受,但直至那项恶业耗尽之前,他并不会死去。”
‘‘Tassa kho pana, bhikkhave, mahānirayassa samanantarā sahitameva mahanto gūthanirayo. So tattha patati. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, gūthaniraye sūcimukhā pāṇā chaviṃ chindanti, chaviṃ chetvā cammaṃ chindanti, cammaṃ chetvā maṃsaṃ chindanti, maṃsaṃ chetvā nhāruṃ chindanti, nhāruṃ chetvā aṭṭhiṃ chindanti, aṭṭhiṃ chetvā aṭṭhimiñjaṃ khādanti. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti.
“诸比丘,紧邻那粪屎地狱的,便是一座巨大的热灰地狱。他掉入其中,在那里感受着剧烈、猛烈、粗涩、刺骨的痛苦。然而,只要那恶业还未耗尽,他便不会死去。”
‘‘Tassa kho pana, bhikkhave, gūthanirayassa samanantarā sahitameva mahanto kukkulanirayo. So tattha patati. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti.
“诸比丘,紧邻那热灰地狱的,便是一片巨大的木棉林,高一由旬,遍满十六指长的刺,炽燃、燃烧、火焰冲天。地狱狱卒将他赶上树,又赶下树。在那里,他感受着剧烈、猛烈、粗涩、刺骨的痛苦。然而,只要那恶业还未耗尽,他便不会死去。”
‘‘Tassa kho pana, bhikkhave, kukkulanirayassa samanantarā sahitameva mahantaṃ simbalivanaṃ uddhaṃ yojanamuggataṃ soḷasaṅgulakaṇṭakaṃ ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ. Tattha āropentipi oropentipi. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti.
“诸比丘,紧邻那木棉林的,便是一片巨大的剑叶林。他走入其中。风吹落的叶片砍断他的手,砍断他的脚,砍断他的手脚,砍断他的耳朵,砍断他的鼻子,砍断他的耳鼻。在那里,他感受着剧烈、猛烈、粗涩、刺骨的痛苦。然而,只要那恶业还未耗尽,他便不会死去。”
‘‘Tassa kho pana, bhikkhave, simbalivanassa samanantarā sahitameva mahantaṃ asipattavanaṃ. So tattha pavisati. Tassa vāteritāni pattāni patitāni hatthampi chindanti, pādampi chindanti, hatthapādampi chindanti, kaṇṇampi chindanti, nāsampi chindanti, kaṇṇanāsampi chindanti. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti.
“诸比丘,紧接着那片剑叶林,便是一条巨大的碱水河。他便堕入其中。在那里,他被顺流冲走,又被逆流推回,就这样在顺流与逆流中反复冲荡。他在那里领受着苦、猛利、粗涩、刺骨的痛,但只要那恶业尚未穷尽,他并不会死去。”
‘‘Tassa kho pana, bhikkhave, asipattavanassa samanantarā sahitameva mahatī khārodakā nadī . So tattha patati. So tattha anusotampi vuyhati , paṭisotampi vuyhati, anusotapaṭisotampi vuyhati. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti.
270“诸比丘,接着,地狱守卫用铁钩将他钩起,放在干地上,这样问道:‘人,你想要什么?’他说:‘我饿了,大人。’于是,诸比丘,地狱守卫便用烧得通红、炽热燃烧、火焰炽盛的铁撬棍,撬开他的嘴,并将同样烧得通红、炽热燃烧、火焰炽盛的铁球投入他的口中。那铁球烧毁嘴唇,烧毁口腔,烧毁喉咙,烧毁胸膛,带着肠子与内脏从下体而出。他在那里领受着苦、猛利、粗涩、刺骨的痛,但只要那恶业尚未穷尽,他并不会死去。”
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā balisena uddharitvā thale patiṭṭhāpetvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho purisa, kiṃ icchasī’ti? So evamāha – ‘jighacchitosmi, bhante’ti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā tattena ayosaṅkunā mukhaṃ vivaritvā ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena tattaṃ lohaguḷaṃ mukhe pakkhipanti ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ. So tassa oṭṭhampi dahati , mukhampi dahati, kaṇṭhampi dahati, urampi dahati, antampi antaguṇampi ādāya adhobhāgā nikkhamati. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti.
“诸比丘,接着,地狱守卫又这样问他:‘人,你想要什么?’他回答:‘我渴了,大人。’于是,诸比丘,地狱守卫便用烧得通红、炽热燃烧、火焰炽盛的铁撬棍,撬开他的嘴,再将烧得通红、炽热燃烧、火焰炽盛的铜汁灌入他的口中。那铜汁烧毁嘴唇,烧毁口腔,烧毁喉咙,烧毁胸膛,带着肠子与内脏从下体而出。他在那里领受着苦、猛利、粗涩、刺骨的痛,但只要那恶业尚未穷尽,他并不会死去。随后,诸比丘,地狱守卫又将他投入大地狱。”
‘‘Tamenaṃ , bhikkhave, nirayapālā evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho purisa, kiṃ icchasī’ti? So evamāha – ‘pipāsitosmi, bhante’ti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā tattena ayosaṅkunā mukhaṃ vivaritvā ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena tattaṃ tambalohaṃ mukhe āsiñcanti ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ. Taṃ tassa oṭṭhampi dahati, mukhampi dahati, kaṇṭhampi dahati, urampi dahati, antampi antaguṇampi ādāya adhobhāgā nikkhamati. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti, yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā puna mahāniraye pakkhipanti.
“诸比丘,往昔阎摩王心中生起这样的思惟:‘世间那些造作种种恶行、不善业之人,会遭受这各式各样的刑罚。啊!愿我获得人身!愿如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者出现于世间!愿我得以亲近彼世尊,愿彼世尊为我说法,而我能够了知彼世尊的法。’诸比丘,我所说这些,并非从其他沙门或婆罗门那里听闻而来;我所说这些,正是我亲知、亲见、亲自证悟的。”
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, yamassa rañño etadahosi – ‘ye kira , bho, loke pāpakāni akusalāni kammāni karonti te evarūpā vividhā kammakāraṇā karīyanti. Aho vatāhaṃ manussattaṃ labheyyaṃ. Tathāgato ca loke uppajjeyya arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Tañcāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ payirupāseyyaṃ. So ca me bhagavā dhammaṃ deseyya. Tassa cāhaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ ājāneyya’nti. Taṃ kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, nāññassa samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā sutvā vadāmi, api ca yadeva sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadevāhaṃ vadāmī’’ti.
271世尊这样说。善逝如此说完之后,接着又说以下偈颂:
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
“虽被天使告诫,凡夫却仍放逸,”
“他们会长久地悲痛,投生于低劣之身。”
然而,在此世间,那些受到天使告诫的善人,
受告诫后,他们于圣法上始终不放逸。
他们看见执取中的怖畏,看见生死之根源;
他们无执取而得解脱,于生死灭尽中;
他们达到安稳,获得快乐,于现法证得涅槃;
他们超越了一切怨仇与怖畏,超越了一切苦。
‘‘Coditā devadūtehi, ye pamajjanti māṇavā; Te dīgharattaṃ socanti, hīnakāyūpagā narā. ‘‘Ye ca kho devadūtehi, santo sappurisā idha; Coditā nappamajjanti, ariyadhamme kudācanaṃ. ‘‘Upādāne bhayaṃ disvā, jātimaraṇasambhave; Anupādā vimuccanti, jātimaraṇasaṅkhaye. ‘‘Te khemappattā sukhino, diṭṭhadhammābhinibbutā; Sabbaverabhayātītā, sabbadukkhaṃ upaccagu’’nti.
此为总结偈:
Tassuddānaṃ –
空性有二种,未曾有法与巴古勒,
阿契拉瓦达、布米迦、阿那律杂秽;
贤愚经、天使经,如此合为十经。
Dvidhāva suññatā hoti, abbhutadhammabākulaṃ; Aciravatabhūmijanāmo, anuruddhupakkilesaṃ; Bālapaṇḍito devadūtañca te dasāti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Tathāgato | 如来/世尊 | 说法者,以天眼观众生随业流转 |
| Tamenaṃ (etam) | (经中未具名) | 身坏命终后因恶业落入地狱的众生 |
| Yamo | 阎摩王 | 地狱之王,审问亡者是否见过五天使 |
| nirayapālā | 地狱守卫 | 执行刑罚者 |
地点
舍卫城祇树给孤独园;经中叙述场景涵盖人间与大地狱等诸地狱。
事件
世尊对诸比丘说,自己以清净天眼见众生死此生彼,皆随自身善恶之业流转于人间、天界、畜生、饿鬼乃至地狱。重点描绘了造恶业者落入地狱后,阎摩王以“生、老、病、罚、死”五天使反复审问,促其反省为何在世时不修善行。亡者以“放逸”为由辩解,阎摩王则指明恶业非父母亲友所作,乃自作自受。随后,经文详尽描述了此恶业众生在地狱中遭受的种种酷烈刑罚,直到恶业耗尽为止。
经文摘要
佛陀天眼观众生随业流转 → 阎摩王用“五天使”审问恶业亡者,揭示“放逸”是造恶之因 → 详尽描述地狱诸苦,强调“恶业自作自受”的业果法则。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解)
1. 背景:没人能替你受苦,业力是一场单人旅程
经文开篇,佛陀用天眼看透一切众生,发现他们的去处好坏,全凭身、语、意三业。
当这个造恶的人落到阎摩王手里,他反复用“你见过‘生、老、病、死、刑’这五个天使吗?”来质问。说白了,就是问:“你在人间难道没见过婴儿出生、老人衰弱、病人痛苦、犯人受刑、死人腐烂吗?看到这些活生生的警告,你怎么还不警醒呢?”
结果这人的回答永远是:“我放逸了。”就像我们知道熬夜伤身,还是忍不住刷手机;知道发脾气伤人,还是控制不住自己。
2. 核心:你的恶业,不是任何人的“锅”
无论亡者怎么辩解,阎摩王最后都掷地有声地抛出一段话:“这恶业,既不是妈妈给你造的,也不是爸爸给你造的……是你自己造的,你就得自己感觉它的滋味。”
→ 拆开看: 这句话彻底否定了“原生家庭背锅论”或“环境所迫”的借口。它划清了业力最本质的界限——自作自受,绝对个人化。在终极的道德审判中,你是一个完全独立的责任主体。
3. 要旨:五个天使,每天都在敲你的门
“生、老、病、刑、死”这五位天使,不是死后才出现的审判官,而是我们每一个人在日常生活中都能看到的景象。医院的病人、葬礼上的亡者、甚至镜子里自己新添的白发,都是“天使”在无声说法。
→ 一句话要旨: 别等到被地狱守卫拖到阎摩王面前才想起后悔,这五位天使每天的出现,就是为了提醒你:在活着能自主的时候,为自己做点什么善事,因为业果这场仗,你只能自己打。
关键术语锚
- kamma → 业/(善恶)行:极易被宿命论化理解为“认命”。本篇核心恰恰相反,强调自主性,“这恶业是你自己所作,你自己将感受其果报”,回归其“有意图的身口意行为”之原意。
- deva → 天/天神:分两种。一是做善业投生的“天人”(五天使中的“诸天”不能替人消业);二是具神职的“天神”(如阎摩王,是执法者而非造物主),此差别易混淆。
- niraya → 地狱:不只是恐怖刑场,更核心的是“无喜乐处”,是此人放逸的恶业所投射出的具体化、极端化的苦迫世界,并非永恒定罪。
- pamāda → 放逸:这是亡者给出的唯一理由,也是全经的“反面教材”。它不是单纯的懒惰,而是 “心沉溺于感官享受,忘了业果法则的警觉” 的状态,是造恶的根源。
- bhūta → 已生/众生/真实:经中用于指“众生”(satta)时,有时用bhūta,强调其是因业力已出生/已存在的生命状态,是非自主的存在,凸显其为业所驱的被动性。