236 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在憍赏弥城的瞿师罗园。那时,憍赏弥城的比丘们陷入争吵、争执与论诤,彼此以口舌利箭相互刺伤而共住。当时,有一位比丘来到世尊处,顶礼世尊后,站在一旁。立于一旁后,那位比丘对世尊这样说:“尊者!于此,憍赏弥城的比丘们陷入争吵、争执与论诤,彼此以口舌利箭相互刺伤而共住。尊者!恳请世尊出于悲悯,前往那些比丘们所在之处。”世尊默然应允。于是世尊前往那些比丘处,到了之后,对他们说:“够了,诸比丘!莫争吵,莫争执,莫纷争,莫争论。”显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena kosambiyaṃ bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante, kosambiyaṃ bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho bhagavā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘alaṃ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ, mā kalahaṃ, mā viggahaṃ, mā vivāda’’nti.
听了这番话,其中一位比丘对世尊这样说:“尊者,请您且慢。世尊是法主,请世尊少事安住,专注于现法乐住而过活吧。至于我们,将以此争吵、争执、纷争、争论而为人所知。”世尊第二次对那些比丘说:“够了,诸比丘,莫争吵,莫争执,莫纷争,莫争论。”那位比丘第二次也对世尊这样说:“尊者,请您且慢。世尊是法主,请世尊少事安住,专注于现法乐住而过活吧。至于我们,将以此争吵、争执、纷争、争论而为人所知。”世尊第三次对那些比丘说:“够了,诸比丘,莫争吵,莫争执,莫纷争,莫争论。”那位比丘第三次也对世尊这样说:“尊者,请您且慢。世尊是法主,请世尊少事安住,专注于现法乐住而过活吧。至于我们,将以此争吵、争执、纷争、争论而为人所知。”显示巴利原文
Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgametu, bhante! Bhagavā dhammassāmī; appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ anuyutto viharatu; mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘alaṃ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ, mā kalahaṃ, mā viggahaṃ, mā vivāda’’nti. Dutiyampi kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgametu, bhante! Bhagavā dhammassāmī; appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ anuyutto viharatu; mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘alaṃ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ, mā kalahaṃ, mā viggahaṃ, mā vivāda’’nti. Tatiyampi kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgametu, bhante, bhagavā dhammassāmī; appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ anuyutto viharatu; mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā’’ti.
那时,世尊于午前时分着下衣,持钵与衣,入憍赏弥城乞食。在憍赏弥城乞食、食毕,从托钵归返后,收整住处,持钵与衣,立于彼处诵出这些偈颂:显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kosambiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kosambiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya ṭhitakova imā gāthā abhāsi –
“众人喧声杂沓,聚会之中,无人自认是愚者;”
“僧团分裂时,他们亦不认为对方更高明。”
“那些愚昧却装作明智、言语全无分寸的人,”
他们随心所欲地张口放言,却不知自己被引向何处。
“他辱骂我、伤害我,击败我、侵夺我的东西”——
心怀这些怨恨的人,仇恨便永不止息。
“他辱骂我、伤害我,击败我、侵夺我的东西”——
不怀这些怨恨的人,仇恨便会止息。
于此世间,怨恨从来无法以怨恨平息;
由无瞋而得平息,此是亘古常存的法。
世人不知:‘我等终将在此消亡。’
而知晓此理的人,他们的争执便由此止息。
那些折骨夺命、盗牛掠马、劫夺财物之人,
即便是劫掠国邦之人,他们之间也能团结和合;
为何你们却不能呢?”
若能寻得一位贤明而有觉照的同伴,
一位坚毅、具足智慧、安住于善法的同行者,
战胜一切险难,
便应欢喜具念,与他一同游化。
若未能寻得一位贤明的同伴,
一位能共行、善住、坚定睿智的同道者;
犹如国王舍弃他所征服的国土,
独自行走,如同林中的象王。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Puthusaddo samajano, na bālo koci maññatha; Saṅghasmiṃ bhijjamānasmiṃ, nāññaṃ bhiyyo amaññaruṃ. ‘‘Parimuṭṭhā paṇḍitābhāsā, vācāgocarabhāṇino; Yāvicchanti mukhāyāmaṃ, yena nītā na taṃ vidū. ‘‘Akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ, ajini maṃ ahāsi me; Ye ca taṃ upanayhanti, veraṃ tesaṃ na sammati. ‘‘Akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ, ajini maṃ ahāsi me; Ye ca taṃ nupanayhanti, veraṃ tesūpasammati. ‘‘Na hi verena verāni, sammantīdha kudācanaṃ; Averena ca sammanti, esa dhammo sanantano. ‘‘Pare ca na vijānanti, mayamettha yamāmase; Ye ca tattha vijānanti, tato sammanti medhagā. ‘‘Aṭṭhicchinnā pāṇaharā, gavassadhanahārino; Raṭṭhaṃ vilumpamānānaṃ, tesampi hoti saṅgati; Kasmā tumhākaṃ no siyā. ‘‘Sace labhetha nipakaṃ sahāyaṃ, Saddhiṃ caraṃ sādhuvihāri dhīraṃ; Abhibhuyya sabbāni parissayāni, Careyya tenattamano satīmā. ‘‘No ce labhetha nipakaṃ sahāyaṃ, Saddhiṃ caraṃ sādhuvihāri dhīraṃ; Rājāva raṭṭhaṃ vijitaṃ pahāya, Eko care mātaṅgaraññeva nāgo. ‘‘Ekassa caritaṃ seyyo, natthi bāle sahāyatā; Eko care na ca pāpāni kayirā, Appossukko mātaṅgaraññeva nāgo’’ti.
238 那时,世尊站着说出这些偈颂后,便前往巴喇咖罗那咖拉村。当时,具寿帕古正住在巴喇咖罗那咖拉村。具寿帕古远远望见世尊前来,见后便铺好座位,备好洗足之水。世尊在铺好的座位上坐下,洗了足。具寿帕古也礼敬世尊后,退坐一面。世尊对退坐一面的具寿帕古这样说:“比丘,是否堪忍?是否过得去?是否不被托钵乞食所累?”“世尊,堪忍;世尊,过得去;世尊,我不为托钵乞食所累。”于是,世尊以法语开示、劝导、鼓励,令具寿帕古心生欢喜后,从座起身,前往东竹林园。显示巴利原文
Atha kho bhagavā ṭhitakova imā gāthā bhāsitvā yena bālakaloṇakāragāmo tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā bhagu bālakaloṇakāragāme viharati. Addasā kho āyasmā bhagu bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna āsanaṃ paññapesi udakañca pādānaṃ dhovanaṃ . Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja pāde pakkhālesi. Āyasmāpi kho bhagu bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ bhaguṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kacci, bhikkhu, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci piṇḍakena na kilamasī’’ti? ‘‘Khamanīyaṃ bhagavā, yāpanīyaṃ bhagavā, na cāhaṃ, bhante, piṇḍakena kilamāmī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ bhaguṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena pācīnavaṃsadāyo tenupasaṅkami.
那时,具寿阿那律、具寿难提和具寿金毗罗正住在东竹林园。园守远远望见世尊朝这边走来,见后便对世尊说:“大沙门,请勿进入此园。这里有三位善家子弟,正随己意安乐而住。请不要打扰他们。”具寿阿那律听到了园守与世尊的对话,听已便对园守说:“园守朋友,不要阻拦世尊。我们的导师世尊到了。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo pācīnavaṃsadāye viharanti. Addasā kho dāyapālo bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā, mahāsamaṇa, etaṃ dāyaṃ pāvisi. Santettha tayo kulaputtā attakāmarūpā viharanti. Mā tesaṃ aphāsumakāsī’’ti. Assosi kho āyasmā anuruddho dāyapālassa bhagavatā saddhiṃ mantayamānassa. Sutvāna dāyapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā, āvuso dāyapāla, bhagavantaṃ vāresi. Satthā no bhagavā anuppatto’’ti.
239 于是,具寿阿那律来到具寿难提与具寿金毗罗处。到了之后,对具寿难提和具寿金毗罗说:“尊者,请过来!尊者,请过来!我们的导师世尊到来了。”于是,具寿阿那律、具寿难提和具寿金毗罗一同出迎世尊。一人接过世尊的衣钵,一人铺设座位,一人备好洗脚水。世尊在铺设好的座位上坐下,洗净双足。那几位尊者礼敬世尊后,退坐一面。世尊对坐在一侧的具寿阿那律说:“阿那律,你们一切安好吗?生活可还顺遂?乞食不曾感到困顿吧?”“世尊,我们安好,生活顺遂。世尊,乞食并不感到辛苦。”“阿那律,你们是否和睦、欣悦、无诤,如水乳交融,彼此以慈爱的目光相视而共住呢?”“世尊,我们确实和睦、欣悦、无诤,如水乳交融,彼此以慈爱的目光相视而共住。”“那么,阿那律,你们是如何做到和睦、欣悦、无诤,如水乳交融,彼此以慈爱的目光相视而共住的呢?”“世尊,我心中常这样思惟:‘我能与这样的同梵行者共住,真是我的获益,真是我的善得啊!’世尊,我对这几位尊者,不论人前或独处,都保持着慈爱的身行、慈爱的语行、慈爱的意行。世尊,我心中还这样思惟:‘我何不放下自己的心念,随顺这几位尊者的心意而行呢?’于是,世尊,我便放下了自己的心念,随顺这几位尊者的心意而行。世尊,我们身体虽然各异,但心,我觉着,却是一样的。”显示巴利原文
Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho yenāyasmā ca nandiyo yenāyasmā ca kimilo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantañca nandiyaṃ āyasmantañca kimilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkamathāyasmanto, abhikkamathāyasmanto, satthā no bhagavā anuppatto’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo bhagavantaṃ paccuggantvā eko bhagavato pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahesi, eko āsanaṃ paññapesi, eko pādodakaṃ upaṭṭhapesi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja pāde pakkhālesi. Tepi kho āyasmanto bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kacci vo, anuruddhā, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci piṇḍakena na kilamathā’’ti? ‘‘Khamanīyaṃ bhagavā, yāpanīyaṃ bhagavā, na ca mayaṃ, bhante, piṇḍakena kilamāmā’’ti. ‘‘Kacci pana vo, anuruddhā, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Taggha mayaṃ, bhante, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharāmā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe, anuruddhā, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Idha mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me yohaṃ evarūpehi sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṃ viharāmī’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, imesu āyasmantesu mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca, mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca, mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca. Tassa, mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vatteyya’nti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vattāmi. Nānā hi kho no, bhante, kāyā, ekañca pana maññe citta’’nti.
具寿难提也对世尊这样说……具寿金毗罗也对世尊这样说:“世尊,我心里也是这样想:‘我能与这样的同梵行者共住,真是我的获益,真是我善得的啊!’世尊,我对这几位尊者,不论人前还是私下,都保持着慈爱的身业、慈爱的语业、慈爱的意业。世尊,我心里还这样想:‘我不如放下自己的心念,随顺这几位尊者的心意而行。’于是,世尊,我便放下自己的心念,随顺这几位尊者的心意而行。世尊,我们身体虽异,但我感觉心却是一体的。世尊,我们正是这样和睦、欢喜、无诤,如水乳交融,彼此以慈爱的目光相视而住的。”显示巴利原文
Āyasmāpi kho nandiyo…pe… āyasmāpi kho kimilo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayhampi kho, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me yohaṃ evarūpehi sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṃ viharāmī’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, imesu āyasmantesu mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca, mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca, mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vatteyya’nti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vattāmi. Nānā hi kho no, bhante, kāyā, ekañca pana maññe cittanti. Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharāmā’’ti.
240 “很好,很好,阿那律!那么,阿那律,你们是否不放逸、精勤、精进而安住呢?”“尊者,我们确实不放逸、精勤、精进而安住。”“那么,阿那律,你们是如何做到不放逸、精勤、精进而安住的呢?”“尊者,在我们之中,谁先从村里乞食回来,便铺设座位,备好饮用水和日常用水,放置残食盆。谁后从村里乞食回来,若有剩余的食物,若想要便食用,若不想要,便倒在无草之地,或沉入无虫的水中。随后,他收拾座位,收好饮用水和日常用水,洗净残食盆并收起,将食堂打扫干净。谁若见饮用水罐、日常用水罐或冲厕水罐空竭、不足,便将其添满。若他一人力不能及,便以手势招呼另一人,我们便这样搭手一同将其添满。然而,尊者,我们绝不因这些事而口出任何不和之语。此外,尊者,我们每五日一次,整夜共坐论法。尊者,我们便是如此不放逸、精勤、精进而安住的。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sādhu, sādhu, anuruddhā! Kacci pana vo, anuruddhā, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Taggha mayaṃ, bhante, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharāmā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe, anuruddhā, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bhante, amhākaṃ yo paṭhamaṃ gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati, so āsanāni paññapeti, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, avakkārapātiṃ upaṭṭhāpeti. Yo pacchā gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati – sace hoti bhuttāvaseso, sace ākaṅkhati, bhuñjati; no ce ākaṅkhati, appaharite vā chaḍḍeti apāṇake vā udake opilāpeti – so āsanāni paṭisāmeti, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ paṭisāmeti, avakkārapātiṃ dhovitvā paṭisāmeti, bhattaggaṃ sammajjati. Yo passati pānīyaghaṭaṃ vā paribhojanīyaghaṭaṃ vā vaccaghaṭaṃ vā rittaṃ tucchaṃ so upaṭṭhāpeti. Sacassa hoti avisayhaṃ, hatthavikārena dutiyaṃ āmantetvā hatthavilaṅghakena upaṭṭhāpema , na tveva mayaṃ, bhante, tappaccayā vācaṃ bhindāma. Pañcāhikaṃ kho pana mayaṃ, bhante, sabbarattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sannisīdāma. Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharāmā’’ti.
241 “很好,很好,阿那律!那么,阿那律,你们如此不放逸、精勤、精进而安住,可有证得任何超越人法、符合圣者的智见殊胜、安适之住境吗?”“尊者,我们于此不放逸、精勤、精进而安住时,既能感知光明,亦能得见诸色。然而,我们的光明不久便消失了,所见的诸色景象也随之消失。我们却未能了知那个相。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Sādhu, sādhu, anuruddhā! Atthi pana vo, anuruddhā, evaṃ appamattānaṃ ātāpīnaṃ pahitattānaṃ viharataṃ uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti? ‘‘Idha mayaṃ, bhante, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharantā obhāsañceva sañjānāma dassanañca rūpānaṃ. So kho pana no obhāso nacirasseva antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ; tañca nimittaṃ nappaṭivijjhāmā’’ti.
“阿那律,你们应当了悟那个相。阿那律,当我尚未成正觉,还是未完全觉悟的菩萨时,我亦能感知光明,得见诸色。然而,我的这光明不久便消失了,诸色的景象也随之消失。那时,阿那律,我心中思惟:‘是何因、何缘,令我的光明消失,诸色的景象也随之消失呢?’接着,阿那律,我复思惟:‘我生起了疑。由于疑的生起,我的定退失。定退失后,光明便消失,诸色的景象也消失。既然如此,我应当令疑不再生起。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Taṃ kho pana vo, anuruddhā, nimittaṃ paṭivijjhitabbaṃ. Ahampi sudaṃ, anuruddhā, pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddho bodhisattova samāno obhāsañceva sañjānāmi dassanañca rūpānaṃ. So kho pana me obhāso nacirasseva antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo yena me obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpāna’nti? Tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘vicikicchā kho me udapādi, vicikicchādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissatī’’’ti.
“阿那律,我如此不放逸、热忱、坚定而住时,觉知到光明,也见到了诸色。但我的光明与所见诸色不久便隐没了。阿那律,当时我心中思惟:‘是什么原因、什么因缘,令我的光明与所见诸色隐没呢?’阿那律,当时我明了:‘我心中生起了不作意;正因这不作意,我的定退失。定既退失,光明与所见诸色便隐没。我便如此行持:令疑惑不再生起,令不作意亦不生起。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā, appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto obhāsañceva sañjānāmi dassanañca rūpānaṃ. So kho pana me obhāso nacirasseva antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo yena me obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpāna’nti? Tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘amanasikāro kho me udapādi, amanasikārādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati na amanasikāro’’’ti.
“阿那律,我如此……阿那律,当时我心中思惟:‘昏沉睡眠于我心中生起;以此昏沉睡眠故,我的定退失。定既退失,光明与所见诸色便隐没。我便如此行持:令疑惑、不作意与昏沉睡眠悉皆不再生起。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā…pe… tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘thinamiddhaṃ kho me udapādi, thinamiddhādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati na amanasikāro na thinamiddha’’’nti.
“阿那律,我如此……阿那律,当时我心中思惟:‘惊惧在我心中生起;以此惊惧故,我的定退失。定既退失,光明与所见诸色便隐没。阿那律,犹如有人行于远路,路旁两侧忽然有鹌鹑飞起,其人以此因缘心生惊惧。正是如此,阿那律,我心中生起惊惧,以惊惧故,定遂退失;定既退失,光明与所见诸色便隐没。我便如此行持:令疑惑、不作意、昏沉睡眠与惊惧悉皆不再生起。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā…pe… tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘chambhitattaṃ kho me udapādi, chambhitattādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Seyyathāpi, anuruddhā, puriso addhānamaggappaṭipanno, tassa ubhatopasse vaṭṭakā uppateyyuṃ, tassa tatonidānaṃ chambhitattaṃ uppajjeyya; evameva kho me, anuruddhā, chambhitattaṃ udapādi, chambhitattādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati na amanasikāro na thinamiddhaṃ na chambhitatta’’’nti.
“阿那律,在我……阿那律,那时我心中如是思惟:‘欣喜于我心内生起;由于这欣喜,我的定退失了。定一退失,光明和照见诸色便消失。阿那律,譬如有人正寻找一处宝藏的入口,却骤然寻得五处宝藏的入口,他缘此而生起欣喜。同样地,阿那律,欣喜在我心中生起;由于这欣喜,我的定退失了。定一退失,光明和照见诸色便消失了。我当如此而行:令疑惑不生起,令不作意不生起,令昏沉睡眠不生起,令惊慌不生起,令欣喜亦不生起。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā…pe… tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘uppilaṃ kho me udapādi, uppilādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ . Seyyathāpi, anuruddhā, puriso ekaṃ nidhimukhaṃ gavesanto sakideva pañcanidhimukhāni adhigaccheyya, tassa tatonidānaṃ uppilaṃ uppajjeyya; evameva kho me, anuruddhā, uppilaṃ udapādi, uppilādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati, na amanasikāro, na thinamiddhaṃ, na chambhitattaṃ, na uppila’’’nti.
“阿那律,当我这样……阿那律,那时我心想:‘粗重在我心中生起;由于这粗重,我的定退失了。定一退失,光明与见色便隐没。我要如此修习,令疑惑、失念、昏沉睡眠、惊恐、喜悦与粗重,皆不再生起。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā…pe… tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘duṭṭhullaṃ kho me udapādi, duṭṭhullādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati, na amanasikāro, na thinamiddhaṃ, na chambhitattaṃ, na uppilaṃ, na duṭṭhulla’’’nti.
“阿那律,……阿那律,当时我心中这样思惟:‘我内心生起了过度精进,正是由于这过度精进,我的定退失了。定退失时,光明与见色之观想便隐没不见。阿那律,好比有人用双手把一只鹌鹑攥得太紧,那只鹌鹑当场便会死去。同样地,阿那律,我内心生起了过度精进,正是由于这过度精进,我的定退失了。定退失时,光明与见色之观想便隐没不见。我要这样修持,使疑惑不再生起,使不作意不再生起,使昏沉睡眠不再生起,使惊慌不再生起,使兴奋不再生起,使粗重不再生起,使过度精进亦不再生起。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā…pe… tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘accāraddhavīriyaṃ kho me udapādi, accāraddhavīriyādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Seyyathāpi, anuruddhā, puriso ubhohi hatthehi vaṭṭakaṃ gāḷhaṃ gaṇheyya, so tattheva patameyya ; evameva kho me, anuruddhā, accāraddhavīriyaṃ udapādi, accāraddhavīriyādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati, na amanasikāro, na thinamiddhaṃ, na chambhitattaṃ, na uppilaṃ, na duṭṭhullaṃ, na accāraddhavīriya’’’nti.
阿那律,那时我……当时我心中这样想:‘过度松弛的精进在我身上生起了,因为过度松弛的精进,我的定退失了。定一退失,光明就消失了,对诸色的看见也随之消失。阿那律,譬如有人松松地抓着一只鹌鹑,那只鸟便会从他手中飞脱;同样地,我那时生起了过度松弛的精进,因为这过度松弛的精进,我的定退失了。定一退失,光明就消失了,对诸色的看见也随之消失。我应当如此修持,令疑惑不再生起,令不作意不再生起,令昏沉睡眠不再生起,令惊慌不再生起,令兴奋不再生起,令粗重不再生起,令过度精进不再生起,令过度松弛的精进不再生起。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā…pe… tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘atilīnavīriyaṃ kho me udapādi , atilīnavīriyādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Seyyathāpi, anuruddhā, puriso vaṭṭakaṃ sithilaṃ gaṇheyya, so tassa hatthato uppateyya; evameva kho me, anuruddhā, atilīnavīriyaṃ udapādi, atilīnavīriyādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati, na amanasikāro, na thinamiddhaṃ, na chambhitattaṃ, na uppilaṃ, na duṭṭhullaṃ, na accāraddhavīriyaṃ, na atilīnavīriya’’’nti.
那时,阿那律,……我心中这样想:‘渴望在我身上生起了,由于渴望,我的定退失了。定退失时,光明与见色便消失了。我应当这样修习:令疑、不作意、昏沉睡眠、惊慌、兴奋、粗重、过度精进、过度松弛的精进、渴望,都不再生起。’显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā…pe… tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘abhijappā kho me udapādi, abhijappādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati, na amanasikāro, na thinamiddhaṃ, na chambhitattaṃ, na uppilaṃ, na duṭṭhullaṃ, na accāraddhavīriyaṃ, na atilīnavīriyaṃ, na abhijappā’’’ti.
那时,阿那律……当时我心中这样想:‘种种想在我心中生起了;由于这种种想,我的定退失了。定退失后,光明便消失,对诸色的观见也消失了。我要这样做,使疑不再生起,使不作意不再生起,使昏沉睡眠不再生起,使惊慌不再生起,使兴奋不再生起,使粗重不再生起,使过度精进不再生起,使过度松弛的精进不再生起,使渴望不再生起,使种种想不再生起。’显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā…pe… tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘nānattasaññā kho me udapādi, nānattasaññādhikaraṇañca pana me samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati, na amanasikāro, na thinamiddhaṃ, na chambhitattaṃ, na uppilaṃ, na duṭṭhullaṃ, na accāraddhavīriyaṃ, na atilīnavīriyaṃ, na abhijappā, na nānattasaññā’’’ti.
243 阿那律,那时我不放逸、热忱、坚定地安住,既能感知光明,也能看见诸色。但没过多久,我的光明与对诸色的看见便消失了。阿那律,我便这样想:‘是什么原因、什么条件,让我的光明与对诸色的看见消失了呢?’阿那律,我又这样想:‘对诸色的过度观察在我心中生起了。由于过度观察诸色,我的定退失了;定退失了,光明便消失,对诸色的看见也便消失。我应当如此修习,使疑不再生起,使不作意不再生起,使昏沉睡眠不再生起,使惊慌不再生起,使兴奋不再生起,使粗重不再生起,使过度精进不再生起,使过度松懈的精进不再生起,使渴望不再生起,使种种想不再生起,使对诸色的过度观察不再生起。’显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā, appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto obhāsañceva sañjānāmi dassanañca rūpānaṃ. So kho pana me obhāso nacirasseva antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Tassa mayhaṃ anuruddhā etadahosi – ‘ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo yena me obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpāna’nti. Tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘atinijjhāyitattaṃ kho me rūpānaṃ udapādi, atinijjhāyitattādhikaraṇañca pana me rūpānaṃ samādhi cavi. Samādhimhi cute obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ. Sohaṃ tathā karissāmi yathā me puna na vicikicchā uppajjissati, na amanasikāro, na thinamiddhaṃ, na chambhitattaṃ, na uppilaṃ, na duṭṭhullaṃ, na accāraddhavīriyaṃ, na atilīnavīriyaṃ, na abhijappā, na nānattasaññā, na atinijjhāyitattaṃ rūpāna’’’nti.
242 阿那律,我如此了知‘疑是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了疑这心的随烦恼;了知‘不作意是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了不作意这心的随烦恼;了知‘昏沉睡眠是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了昏沉睡眠这心的随烦恼;了知‘惊慌是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了惊慌这心的随烦恼;了知‘兴奋是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了兴奋这心的随烦恼;了知‘粗重是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了粗重这心的随烦恼;了知‘过度精进是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了过度精进这心的随烦恼;了知‘过度松懈的精进是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了过度松懈的精进这心的随烦恼;了知‘渴望是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了渴望这心的随烦恼;了知‘种种想是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了种种想这心的随烦恼;了知‘对诸色的过度观察是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了对诸色的过度观察这心的随烦恼。显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā, ‘vicikicchā cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā vicikicchaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ, ‘amanasikāro cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā amanasikāraṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ, ‘thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ, ‘chambhitattaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā chambhitattaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ, ‘uppilaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā uppilaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ, ‘duṭṭhullaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā duṭṭhullaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ, ‘accāraddhavīriyaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā accāraddhavīriyaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ, ‘atilīnavīriyaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā atilīnavīriyaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ, ‘abhijappā cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā abhijappaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ, ‘nānattasaññā cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā nānattasaññaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ, ‘atinijjhāyitattaṃ rūpānaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā atinijjhāyitattaṃ rūpānaṃ cittassa upakkilesaṃ pajahiṃ.
阿那律,那时我不放逸、热忱、坚定地安住,却出现了这样的情况:我只感知到光明而看不见诸色,或只看见诸色而感知不到光明——这样的情况可持续整整一夜、整整一日,乃至整整一日一夜。阿那律,我便这样想:‘是什么原因、什么条件,让我有时只感知到光明而看不见诸色,有时只看见诸色而感知不到光明,且可持续整整一夜、整整一日,乃至整整一日一夜呢?’阿那律,我又这样想:‘当我不作意于色相,而作意于光明相时,我便只感知到光明而看不见诸色。当我不作意于光明相,而作意于色相时,我便只看见诸色而感知不到光明——这样的情况可持续整整一夜、整整一日,乃至整整一日一夜。’显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā, appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto obhāsañhi kho sañjānāmi, na ca rūpāni passāmi; rūpāni hi kho passāmi, na ca obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi – ‘kevalampi rattiṃ, kevalampi divaṃ , kevalampi rattindivaṃ’ . Tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo yvāhaṃ obhāsañhi kho sañjānāmi na ca rūpāni passāmi; rūpāni hi kho passāmi na ca obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi – kevalampi rattiṃ, kevalampi divaṃ, kevalampi rattindiva’nti. Tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘yasmiñhi kho ahaṃ samaye rūpanimittaṃ amanasikaritvā obhāsanimittaṃ manasi karomi, obhāsañhi kho tasmiṃ samaye sañjānāmi, na ca rūpāni passāmi. Yasmiṃ panāhaṃ samaye obhāsanimittaṃ amanasikaritvā rūpanimittaṃ manasi karomi, rūpāni hi kho tasmiṃ samaye passāmi na ca obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi – kevalampi rattiṃ, kevalampi divaṃ, kevalampi rattindiva’’’nti.
阿那律,我如此不放逸、热忱、坚定而住时,时而感知有限的光明、看见有限的色相,时而感知无限的光明、看见无限的色相——如此能相续一整夜、一整天,乃至一整天整夜。阿那律,那时我心中便想:‘是何因何缘,令我有时感知有限的光明、看见有限的色相,有时感知无限的光明、看见无限的色相,并能持续一整夜、一整天、一整天整夜呢?’阿那律,我如此思惟后,便明白了:‘当我的定境有限时,那时的眼也是有限的。我以这有限之眼,感知有限的光明、看见有限的色相。当我的定境无限时,那时的眼也是无限的。我即以这无限之眼,感知无限的光明、看见无限的色相,如此便能贯穿一整夜、一整天,乃至一整天整夜。’显示巴利原文
‘‘So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā, appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto parittañceva obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi, parittāni ca rūpāni passāmi; appamāṇañceva obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi, appamāṇāni ca rūpāni passāmi – kevalampi rattiṃ, kevalampi divaṃ, kevalampi rattindivaṃ. Tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo yvāhaṃ parittañceva obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi, parittāni ca rūpāni passāmi ; appamāṇañceva obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi, appamāṇāni ca rūpāni passāmi – kevalampi rattiṃ, kevalampi divaṃ, kevalampi rattindiva’nti. Tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘yasmiṃ kho me samaye paritto samādhi hoti, parittaṃ me tasmiṃ samaye cakkhu hoti. Sohaṃ parittena cakkhunā parittañceva obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi, parittāni ca rūpāni passāmi. Yasmiṃ pana me samaye appamāṇo samādhi hoti, appamāṇaṃ me tasmiṃ samaye cakkhu hoti. Sohaṃ appamāṇena cakkhunā appamāṇañceva obhāsaṃ sañjānāmi, appamāṇāni ca rūpāni passāmi – kevalampi rattiṃ, kevalampi divaṃ, kevalampi rattindiva’’’nti.
244 阿那律,我如此了知‘疑是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了疑这一随烦恼;了知‘不作意是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了不作意这一随烦恼;了知‘昏沉睡眠是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了昏沉睡眠这一随烦恼;了知‘惊慌是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了惊慌这一随烦恼;了知‘兴奋是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了兴奋这一随烦恼;了知‘粗重是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了粗重这一随烦恼;了知‘过度精进是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了过度精进这一随烦恼;了知‘过度松弛的精进是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了过度松弛的精进这一随烦恼;了知‘渴望是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了渴望这一随烦恼;了知‘种种想是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了种种想这一随烦恼;了知‘对诸色的过度观察是心的随烦恼’后,便舍断了对诸色的过度观察这一随烦恼。显示巴利原文
Yato kho me , anuruddhā, ‘vicikicchā cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā vicikicchā cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi, ‘amanasikāro cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā amanasikāro cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi, ‘thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā thinamiddhaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi, ‘chambhitattaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā chambhitattaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi, ‘uppilaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā uppilaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi, ‘duṭṭhullaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā duṭṭhullaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi, ‘accāraddhavīriyaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā accāraddhavīriyaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi, ‘atilīnavīriyaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā atilīnavīriyaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi, ‘abhijappā cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā abhijappā cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi, ‘nānattasaññā cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā nānattasaññā cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi, ‘atinijjhāyitattaṃ rūpānaṃ cittassa upakkileso’ti – iti viditvā atinijjhāyitattaṃ rūpānaṃ cittassa upakkileso pahīno ahosi.
245 阿那律,那时我心中便想:‘我已将这些心的随烦恼全部舍断。那么,现在我要以三种方式修习定。’于是,阿那律,我便修习有寻有伺的定,修习无寻唯伺的定,修习无寻无伺的定;修习有喜的定,修习无喜的定;修习伴随乐受的定,修习伴随舍受的定。阿那律,当我如此修习了有寻有伺的定,修习了无寻唯伺的定,修习了无寻无伺的定,修习了有喜的定,修习了无喜的定,修习了伴随乐受的定,修习了伴随舍受的定之后,智见便生起了,我的心解脱稳固不动。这是最后一生,如今不再有未来的再生。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, anuruddhā, etadahosi – ‘ye kho me cittassa upakkilesā te me pahīnā. Handa, dānāhaṃ tividhena samādhiṃ bhāvemī’ti . So kho ahaṃ, anuruddhā, savitakkampi savicāraṃ samādhiṃ bhāvesiṃ , avitakkampi vicāramattaṃ samādhiṃ bhāvesiṃ, avitakkampi avicāraṃ samādhiṃ bhāvesiṃ, sappītikampi samādhiṃ bhāvesiṃ, nippītikampi samādhiṃ bhāvesiṃ, sātasahagatampi samādhiṃ bhāvesiṃ, upekkhāsahagatampi samādhiṃ bhāvesiṃ. Yato kho me, anuruddhā, savitakkopi savicāro samādhi bhāvito ahosi, avitakkopi vicāramatto samādhi bhāvito ahosi, avitakkopi avicāro samādhi bhāvito ahosi, sappītikopi samādhi bhāvito ahosi, nippītikopi samādhi bhāvito ahosi, sātasahagatopi samādhi bhāvito ahosi, upekkhāsahagatopi samādhi bhāvito ahosi. Ñāṇañca pana me dassanaṃ udapādi, akuppā me cetovimutti. Ayamantimā jāti, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti.
世尊这样说。具寿阿那律心中欢喜,随喜世尊所说。显示巴利原文
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā anuruddho bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 导师,开示者 Aññataro bhikkhu 一位比丘 前来请求世尊调停争执的比丘 Āyasmā Bhagu 具寿帕古 住在巴喇咖罗那咖拉村的比丘,接待世尊 Āyasmā Anuruddha 具寿阿那律 住在东竹林园的比丘,与同伴和合共住,本经主要问法者 Āyasmā Nandiya 具寿难地亚 与阿那律、奇米喇同住的比丘 Āyasmā Kimbila 具寿奇米喇 与阿那律、难地亚同住的比丘 Ārāma-pāla 园守 东竹林园的看守,起初试图阻拦世尊
地点 国桑比城的瞿师罗园,以及巴喇咖罗那咖拉村和东竹林园。
事件 国桑比城的比丘们陷入激烈争吵,互相以言语攻击。世尊应一位比丘之请前去调停,劝告三次均被一位比丘顶回,请他“少事、自享安乐”,争吵交由他们自己解决。世尊见此不可教,便默然离去,独自游化,先后探望了独住的具寿帕古,以及和合共住的具寿阿那律、难地亚、奇米喇三人。在与阿那律等人的对话中,世尊以自己成道前的禅修经验为案例,详细开示了在修定过程中需要辨识并克服的种种微细心理障碍——“心的随烦恼”。
经文摘要 从僧团因争执而不和的负面示范(A),过渡到佛陀独自离去,探望并赞叹和合共修的僧团(B),最终引出佛陀以亲身经验,系统性地剖析禅修时从“疑”到“对色过度观察”这十一种心的随烦恼及其对治方法(C)。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 1. 背景:争吵的无效示范
故事一开头就是一场僵局。一群比丘吵得不可开交,用“口箭”互相伤害。佛陀亲自去劝和,却被一句“您别管了,去享受清闲吧,让我们自己来吵”给顶了回来。佛陀三次尝试都被拒绝,他意识到这批人暂时无法受教,于是果断离开。这不是冷漠,而是一种无声的教导:当一个人固执己见、听不进任何劝告时,争论已无意义,纠缠只会徒增烦恼。这个场面直接点明了修行的首要障碍不是外在的,而是内心的执拗与不和。
2. 核心:禅修路上的暗礁清单
这个戏剧性的开头只是个引子,经文的真正重心在于佛陀随后对阿那律等三位和合比丘的开示。这是整部经的精华。佛陀回忆自己成道前修定时,常能“感知光明和看见诸色”,但这境界昙花一现,反复出现又消失。他没有放弃,而是像个解剖师一样,一次次自问:“是什么因、什么缘,使我的光明消失和看见诸色呢?”
于是,他逐一排查并确认了十一种让心退转、定力消失的“随烦恼”:
- 疑 (kathaṅkathā)
- 不作意 (amanasikāra)
- 昏沉睡眠 (thinamiddha)
- 惊慌 (chambhitatta)
- 兴奋 (ubbilla)
- 粗重 (duṭṭhulla)
- 过度精进 (accāraddhavīriya)
- 过度松弛的精进 (atilīnavīriya)
- 渴望 (abhijappā)
- 种种想 (nānattasaññā)
- 对诸色的过度观察 (rūpānaṃ atinijjhāyitatta)
这个过程就像调试一台精密的仪器。每一个“随烦恼”都是干扰信号,必须精准识别才能排除。
→ 拆开看:这里的“了知”是关键。它不是模糊的感觉,而是清晰、确认无疑的诊断。只有先精准地“认出”这个心理状态是“随烦恼”,才能对它采取下一步行动。而“舍断”也不是硬压,是看清其过患后,心自然而然松开了抓取。这个公式—— 了知→舍断 ——在后面十一种随烦恼身上重复了整整十一遍,就是为了把这个修行的底层逻辑敲死。
佛陀还分享了更微妙的平衡艺术。比如他用“抓鹌鹑”做比喻:抓太紧,鸟会死(过度精进);抓太松,鸟会飞走(过度松弛)。这说明修定需要像调琴弦,不松不紧,找到“中道”的平衡点。
3. 要旨
心的战场不在别处,就在每一个让光明消失的微细烦恼里。修行不是追求玄妙的境界,而是成为自己内心的精微诊断师——认出杂讯,然后就只是舍断它,仅此而已。
→ 一句话要旨: 定力的深入,本质是不断识别并主动放弃那些让心退转的微细习惯。
关键术语锚 - samādhi → 定 | 三学之一。本篇完全围绕“定退失”展开,是衡量随烦恼影响的核心指标,非泛指专注。
- upakkilesa → 随烦恼 | 经题核心。指染污、障碍心的微细烦恼,不是粗猛的贪嗔痴,而是修行深细处才会遇到的“干扰信号”,极易被忽略。
- nimitta → 相 | 在本经特指“禅相”(光明、色),是定力深入的标志物。佛陀说“不能通达那个相”,指无法稳定地掌握所缘的禅相。与泛指一切对象的“相”意涵不同,极易混淆。
- āloka → 光明 | 随烦恼生起和消灭的直接观察指标。光明生灭,代表定力的起伏,是本经用来诊断修定状态的“温度计”。
- rūpa → 色 | 五蕴第一。在此特指禅修中出现的“色相”,是禅定中可见的视觉化所缘。佛陀最后要克服的就是“对诸色的过度观察”,说明执著于任何境界,哪怕是殊胜的禅相,也会导致定力退失。