223如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城的竹林栗鼠庇护所。那时,具寿浮弥于午前着下衣,持钵与上衣,前往佳亚些那王子的住处。到达后,在敷设的座位上坐下。接着,佳亚些那王子来到具寿浮弥处,彼此问候。亲切愉悦的寒暄之后,坐在一旁。坐于一旁的佳亚些那王子对具寿浮弥说:“尊者浮弥,有些沙门、婆罗门持这样的说法、这样的见解:‘即使抱持愿望而修梵行,也无法证得果位;即使不抱持愿望而修梵行,也无法证得果位;即使既有愿望又无愿望而修梵行,也无法证得果位;即使既非有愿也非无愿而修梵行,也无法证得果位。’那么,尊者浮弥的导师对此是何主张、何说法呢?”“王子,此事我未曾于世尊面前听受,未曾当面领纳。不过,世尊有可能这样解说:‘若以不如理的方式:虽抱持愿望而修梵行,不能证得果位;虽不抱持愿望而修梵行,不能证得果位;虽既有愿望又无愿望而修梵行,不能证得果位;虽既非有愿也非无愿而修梵行,不能证得果位。若以如理的方式:虽抱持愿望而修梵行,能证得果位;虽不抱持愿望而修梵行,能证得果位;虽既有愿望又无愿望而修梵行,能证得果位;虽既非有愿也非无愿而修梵行,能证得果位。’王子,这同样是我未曾于世尊面前听受,未曾当面领纳的。不过,世尊有可能这样解说。”“若尊者浮弥的导师确持此主张、此说法,那么,尊者浮弥的导师,在我看来,无疑立于那些众多沙门、婆罗门的顶上。”于是,佳亚些那王子以自己盘中的食物供养了具寿浮弥。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho āyasmā bhūmijo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena jayasenassa rājakumārassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho jayaseno rājakumāro yenāyasmā bhūmijo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā bhūmijena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jayaseno rājakumāro āyasmantaṃ bhūmijaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘santi, bho bhūmija, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāyā’ti. Idha bhoto bhūmijassa satthā kiṃvādī kimakkhāyī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho metaṃ, rājakumāra, bhagavato sammukhā sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ. Ṭhānañca kho etaṃ vijjati yaṃ bhagavā evaṃ byākareyya – ‘āsañcepi karitvā ayoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya ; anāsañcepi karitvā ayoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā ayoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā ayoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Āsañcepi karitvā yoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya ; anāsañcepi karitvā yoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā yoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā yoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāyā’ti. Na kho me taṃ, rājakumāra, bhagavato sammukhā sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ. Ṭhānañca kho etaṃ vijjati yaṃ bhagavā evaṃ byākareyyā’’ti. ‘‘Sace kho bhoto bhūmijassa satthā evaṃvādī evamakkhāyī, addhā bhoto bhūmijassa satthā sabbesaṃyeva puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ muddhānaṃ maññe āhacca tiṭṭhatī’’ti . Atha kho jayaseno rājakumāro āyasmantaṃ bhūmijaṃ sakeneva thālipākena parivisi.
224那时,具寿浮弥于食后,从乞食处归来,便往诣世尊。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,退坐一面。退坐一面后,具寿浮弥对世尊这样说:“尊者,今日上午,我着下衣,持钵与上衣,前往佳亚些那王子的住处;到了之后,在敷设好的座位上坐下。那时,尊者,佳亚些那王子来到我处;到了之后,与我互相致意。彼此结束了亲切有礼的寒暄后,他退坐一面。退坐一面后,尊者,佳亚些那王子对我这样说:‘浮弥先生,有些沙门、婆罗门持如是说、如是见:即使有愿求而修梵行,亦不得证果;即使无愿求而修梵行……乃至……即使亦有愿求亦无愿求而修梵行,亦不得证果;即使非有愿求非无愿求而修梵行,亦不得证果。对此,浮弥先生的导师是何主张、作何说法呢?’闻已,尊者,我如是回答佳亚些那王子:‘王子,此事我不曾于世尊面前闻,未曾当面领受。然而,世尊或当作如是说:若不如理,即使有愿求而修梵行,亦不得证果;即使无愿求而修梵行,亦不得证果;即使亦有愿求亦无愿求而修梵行,亦不得证果;即使非有愿求非无愿求而修梵行,亦不得证果。若如理,即使有愿求而修梵行,能得证果;即使无愿求而修梵行……乃至……即使亦有愿求亦无愿求而修梵行……乃至……即使非有愿求非无愿求而修梵行,能得证果。王子,此事我不曾于世尊面前闻,未曾当面领受。然而,世尊或当作如是说。’‘若浮弥先生的导师确实持此主张、此说法,则无疑,浮弥先生的导师,在我眼中,堪为立于所有众多沙门、婆罗门之顶首。’尊者,我如是问,如是答,是否善记世尊所说,不以不实之辞诬枉世尊,且所论为随顺于法、与法相应的解说,同时,无任何如法同修可得呵责之由呢?”
Atha kho āyasmā bhūmijo pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā bhūmijo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena jayasenassa rājakumārassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃ; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdiṃ. Atha kho, bhante, jayaseno rājakumāro yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mayā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho, bhante, jayaseno rājakumāro maṃ etadavoca – ‘santi, bho bhūmija, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāyā’ti. ‘Idha bhoto bhūmijassa satthā kiṃvādī kimakkhāyī’ti? Evaṃ vutte ahaṃ, bhante, jayasenaṃ rājakumāraṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘na kho me taṃ, rājakumāra, bhagavato sammukhā sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ. Ṭhānañca kho etaṃ vijjati yaṃ bhagavā evaṃ byākareyya – āsañcepi karitvā ayoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā ayoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā ayoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā ayoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Āsañcepi karitvā yoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā yoniso brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāyāti. Na kho me taṃ, rājakumāra, bhagavato sammukhā sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ. Ṭhānañca kho etaṃ vijjati yaṃ bhagavā evaṃ byākareyyā’ti. ‘Sace bhoto bhūmijassa satthā evaṃvādī evamakkhāyī, addhā bhoto bhūmijassa satthā sabbesaṃyeva puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ muddhānaṃ maññe āhacca tiṭṭhatī’ti. ‘Kaccāhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākaramāno vuttavādī ceva bhagavato homi, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhāmi, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaromi, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchatī’’’ti?
“的确如此,浮弥,你如此被问、如此作答,正是复述我所说,并未以不实之言歪曲我,并且你所解说者,与法相顺、随法而行,没有哪一位如法的同修能找到任何可受呵责的理由。浮弥,凡是那些具有邪见、邪思惟、邪语、邪业、邪命、邪精进、邪念、邪定的沙门或婆罗门,他们即使带着愿求而修梵行,也无法证得果位;即使不带愿求而修梵行,也无法证得果位;即使既带愿求又不带愿求而修梵行,也无法证得果位;即使既非愿求亦非无愿求而修梵行,也无法证得果位。这是什么原因呢?浮弥,因为那对于证果而言,并非如理的方法。”
‘‘Taggha tvaṃ, bhūmija, evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākaramāno vuttavādī ceva me hosi, na ca maṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhasi, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākarosi, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati. Ye hi keci, bhūmija, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā micchādiṭṭhino micchāsaṅkappā micchāvācā micchākammantā micchāājīvā micchāvāyāmā micchāsatī micchāsamādhino te āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ayoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāya.
225浮弥,譬如有人需求油、寻觅油、四处寻求油,他将芝麻粉倒入桶中,用水反复喷洒之后加以压榨。纵使他作愿,将芝麻粉倒入桶中,用水反复喷洒之后压榨,他也能获得油;纵使他不作愿,将芝麻粉倒入桶中,用水反复喷洒之后压榨,他也能获得油;纵使他既作愿又不作愿,将芝麻粉倒入桶中,用水反复喷洒之后压榨,他也能获得油;纵使他既非作愿也非不作愿,将芝麻粉倒入桶中,用水反复喷洒之后压榨,他也能获得油。这是什么缘故呢?浮弥,因为对于获得油而言,这是如理的因。同样地,浮弥,那些具足正见、正思维、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定的沙门或婆罗门,纵使他们作愿而修梵行,也能证得果;纵使他们不作愿而修梵行,也能证得果;纵使他们既作愿又不作愿而修梵行,也能证得果;纵使他们既非作愿也非不作愿而修梵行,也能证得果。这是什么缘故呢?浮弥,因为对于证得果而言,这是如理的因。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhūmija, puriso telatthiko telagavesī telapariyesanaṃ caramāno tilapiṭṭhaṃ doṇiyā ākiritvā udakena paripphosakaṃ paripphosakaṃ pīḷeyya. Āsañcepi karitvā tilapiṭṭhaṃ doṇiyā ākiritvā udakena paripphosakaṃ paripphosakaṃ pīḷeyya, bhabbo telassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā tilapiṭṭhaṃ doṇiyā ākiritvā udakena paripphosakaṃ paripphosakaṃ pīḷeyya, bhabbo telassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yoni hesā, bhūmija, telassa adhigamāya. Evameva kho, bhūmija, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā sammādiṭṭhino…pe… sammāsamādhino te āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāya.
“浮弥,犹如有人欲求牛乳、寻觅牛乳,为寻牛乳而四处奔走,却去牵拉一头尚带幼犊的母牛之角。无论他带着愿求去牵拉那头带幼犊的母牛之角,还是不带着愿求去做……乃至……既带愿求又不带愿求地去做……乃至……既非愿求也非无愿求地去做,皆不可能得到牛乳。这是什么缘故?浮弥,因为那般方法,于得牛乳而言,是不如理的。正是如此,浮弥,凡具有邪见……乃至……具有邪定的沙门或婆罗门,他们即使带着愿求修习梵行,亦无法证得果位;即使不带着愿求修习梵行……乃至……即使既带愿求又不带愿求地修习梵行……乃至……即使既非愿求也非无愿求地修习梵行,亦无法证得果位。这是什么缘故?浮弥,因为那般方法,于证果而言,是不如理的。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhūmija, puriso khīratthiko khīragavesī khīrapariyesanaṃ caramāno gāviṃ taruṇavacchaṃ visāṇato āviñcheyya . Āsañcepi karitvā gāviṃ taruṇavacchaṃ visāṇato āviñcheyya, abhabbo khīrassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā gāviṃ taruṇavacchaṃ visāṇato āviñcheyya, abhabbo khīrassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ayoni hesā, bhūmija, khīrassa adhigamāya. Evameva kho, bhūmija, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā micchādiṭṭhino…pe… micchāsamādhino te āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ayoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāya.
226浮弥,譬如有人想要酥油、寻求酥油、四处寻觅酥油,他将凝乳倒入罐中,用搅拌棒搅打。即便他作愿,将凝乳倒入罐中以搅拌棒搅打,他也能得到酥油;即便他不作愿……即便他又作愿又不作愿……即便他既不作愿也不是不作愿,将凝乳倒入罐中以搅拌棒搅打,他也都能得到酥油。这是什么缘故呢?浮弥,因为对于获得酥油而言,这是如理的因。同样地,浮弥,那些具足正见……正定的沙门或婆罗门,即便他们作愿而修梵行,也能证得果;即便他们不作愿……即便他们又作愿又不作愿……即便他们既不作愿也不是不作愿而修梵行,也都能证得果。这是什么缘故呢?因为对于证得果来说,这是如理的因。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhūmija, puriso navanītatthiko navanītagavesī navanītapariyesanaṃ caramāno dadhiṃ kalase āsiñcitvā matthena āviñcheyya. Āsañcepi karitvā dadhiṃ kalase āsiñcitvā matthena āviñcheyya, bhabbo navanītassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā dadhiṃ kalase āsiñcitvā matthena āviñcheyya, bhabbo navanītassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yoni hesā, bhūmija, navanītassa adhigamāya. Evameva kho, bhūmija, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā sammādiṭṭhino…pe… sammāsamādhino te āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā … nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāya.
浮弥,譬如有人需要火、寻找火,正在四处求火。他取来一根湿漉漉、饱含水汽的木柴,做成钻火棒来钻取。即使他作愿,取来湿漉漉、饱含水汽的木柴做成钻火棒钻取,他也不可能得到火;即使他不作愿……即使他又作愿又不作愿……即使他既不作愿也不是不作愿,取来湿漉漉、饱含水汽的木柴做成钻火棒钻取,他也都不可能得到火。这是什么缘故呢?浮弥,因为对于得火来说,这是不如理之因。正是如此,浮弥,那些具有邪见……邪定的沙门或婆罗门,即使他们作愿而修梵行,也不可能证得果;即使他们不作愿……即使他们又作愿又不作愿……即使他们既不作愿也不是不作愿而修梵行,也都不可能证得果。这是什么缘故呢?浮弥,因为对于证果来说,这是不如理之因。浮弥,那些具有正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定的沙门或婆罗门,即使他们作愿而修梵行,也能够证得果;即使他们不作愿而修梵行,也能够证得果;即使他们又作愿又不作愿而修梵行,也能够证得果;即使他们既不作愿也不是不作愿而修梵行,也能够证得果。这是什么缘故呢?浮弥,因为对于证果来说,这是如理之因。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhūmija, puriso aggitthiko aggigavesī aggipariyesanaṃ caramāno allaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ sasnehaṃ uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya abhimantheyya . Āsañcepi karitvā allaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ sasnehaṃ uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya abhimantheyya, abhabbo aggissa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā allaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ sasnehaṃ uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya abhimantheyya, abhabbo aggissa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ayoni hesā, bhūmija, aggissa adhigamāya. Evameva kho, bhūmija, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā micchādiṭṭhino…pe… micchāsamādhino te āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe…āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ayoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāya. Ye hi keci, bhūmija, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā sammādiṭṭhino sammāsaṅkappā sammāvācā sammākammantā sammāājīvā sammāvāyāmā sammāsatī sammāsamādhino te āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāya.
227浮弥,譬如有人欲得油、寻油、四处求油,把沙子倒入桶中,一边洒水一边压榨。即使他作愿,把沙子倒入桶中,一边洒水一边压榨,也不可能得油;即使他不作愿……即使他又作愿又不作愿……即使他既不作愿也不是不作愿,把沙子倒入桶中,一边洒水一边压榨,也不可能得油。这是什么原因呢?浮弥,因为对于得油而言,这是不如理的因。同样地,浮弥,那些具有邪见、邪思惟、邪语、邪业、邪命、邪精进、邪念、邪定的沙门或婆罗门,即使他们作愿而去修梵行,也不可能证得果;即使他们不作愿……即使他们又作愿又不作愿……即使他们既不作愿也不是不作愿而去修梵行,也都不可能证得果。这是什么原因呢?浮弥,因为对于证果而言,这是不如理的因。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhūmija, puriso telatthiko telagavesī telapariyesanaṃ caramāno vālikaṃ doṇiyā ākiritvā udakena paripphosakaṃ paripphosakaṃ pīḷeyya. Āsañcepi karitvā vālikaṃ doṇiyā ākiritvā udakena paripphosakaṃ paripphosakaṃ pīḷeyya, abhabbo telassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā vālikaṃ doṇiyā ākiritvā udakena paripphosakaṃ paripphosakaṃ pīḷeyya, abhabbo telassa adhigamāya; āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā vālikaṃ doṇiyā ākiritvā udakena paripphosakaṃ paripphosakaṃ pīḷeyya, abhabbo telassa adhigamāya; nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā vālikaṃ doṇiyā ākiritvā udakena paripphosakaṃ paripphosakaṃ pīḷeyya, abhabbo telassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ayoni hesā, bhūmija, telassa adhigamāya. Evameva kho, bhūmija, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā micchādiṭṭhino micchāsaṅkappā micchāvācā micchākammantā micchāājīvā micchāvāyāmā micchāsatī micchāsamādhino te āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ayoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāya.
浮弥,譬如有人欲得牛奶、寻牛奶、四处求牛奶,去拉扯一头带着小牛的母牛的乳房。即使他作愿,去拉扯这头带着小牛的母牛的乳房,也能得到牛奶;即使他不作愿……即使他又作愿又不作愿……即使他既不作愿也不是不作愿,去拉扯这头带着小牛的母牛的乳房,也都能得到牛奶。这是什么原因呢?浮弥,因为对于得牛奶而言,这是如理的因。同样地,浮弥,那些具有正见……乃至……正定的沙门或婆罗门,即使他们作愿……即使他们不作愿……即使他们又作愿又不作愿……即使他们既不作愿也不是不作愿而去修梵行,也都能够证得果。这是什么原因呢?浮弥,因为对于证果而言,这是如理的因。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhūmija, puriso khīratthiko khīragavesī khīrapariyesanaṃ caramāno gāviṃ taruṇavacchaṃ thanato āviñcheyya. Āsañcepi karitvā gāviṃ taruṇavacchaṃ thanato āviñcheyya, bhabbo khīrassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā gāviṃ taruṇavacchaṃ thanato āviñcheyya, bhabbo khīrassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yoni hesā, bhūmija, khīrassa adhigamāya. Evameva kho, bhūmija, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā sammādiṭṭhino…pe… sammāsamādhino te āsañcepi karitvā…pe… anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāya.
228浮弥,譬如有人欲得生酥、寻生酥、四处求酥,把水倒入罐中,以搅棒搅拌。即使作愿,把水倒入罐中,以搅棒搅拌,也不可能得到生酥;即使不作愿,把水倒入罐中,以搅棒搅拌,也不可能得到生酥;即使又作愿又不作愿,把水倒入罐中,以搅棒搅拌,也不可能得到生酥;即使既不作愿也不是不作愿,把水倒入罐中,以搅棒搅拌,也不可能得到生酥。这是什么原因呢?浮弥,因为对于得生酥而言,这是不如理的。同样地,浮弥,那些具有邪见……乃至……邪定的沙门或婆罗门,即使作愿而修梵行,也无法证得果位;即使不作愿而修梵行,也无法证得果位;即使又作愿又不作愿而修梵行,也无法证得果位;即使既不作愿也不是不作愿而修梵行,也无法证得果位。这是什么原因呢?浮弥,因为对于证果而言,这是不如理的。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhūmija, puriso navanītatthiko navanītagavesī navanītapariyesanaṃ caramāno udakaṃ kalase āsiñcitvā matthena āviñcheyya. Āsañcepi karitvā udakaṃ kalase āsiñcitvā matthena āviñcheyya, abhabbo navanītassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā udakaṃ kalase āsiñcitvā matthena āviñcheyya, abhabbo navanītassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ayoni hesā, bhūmija, navanītassa adhigamāya. Evameva kho, bhūmija, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā micchādiṭṭhino…pe… micchāsamādhino te āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā…pe… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ayoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāya.
浮弥,譬如有一人欲火、求火、四处寻火,取来一根干燥枯透的木柴,做成火钻来钻。纵使他有所愿求……纵使他无所愿求……纵使他既有愿求又无愿求……纵使他既非有愿求亦非无愿求,只要取来干燥枯透的木柴做成火钻来钻,他便能生起火焰。这是什么缘故呢?浮弥,因为对于得火而言,这便是如理的因。正是如此,浮弥,凡是具足正见……乃至正定的沙门或婆罗门,纵使他们有所愿求而去修梵行,也能够证得果位;纵使他们无所愿求而去修梵行,也能够证得果位;纵使他们既有愿求又无愿求而去修梵行,也能够证得果位;纵使他们既非有愿求亦非无愿求而去修梵行,也能够证得果位。这是什么缘故呢?浮弥,因为对于证得果位而言,这便是如理的因。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhūmija, puriso aggitthiko aggigavesī aggipariyesanaṃ caramāno sukkhaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ koḷāpaṃ uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya abhimantheyya; ( ) āsañcepi karitvā… anāsañcepi karitvā.. āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā… nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā sukkha kaṭṭhaṃ koḷāpaṃ uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya abhimantheyya, bhabbo aggissa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yoni hesā, bhūmija, aggissa adhigamāya. Evameva kho, bhūmija, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā sammādiṭṭhino…pe… sammāsamādhino te āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya; nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, bhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yoni hesā, bhūmija, phalassa adhigamāya.
“"浮弥,倘若当时你心中能浮现这四个譬喻,佳亚些那王子对你生起信心,那并不为奇;有了信心,他还会向你表达敬信。" "尊者,我如何能像世尊那样,让这四个前所未闻、不可思议的譬喻浮现于心,再为佳亚些那王子讲说明白呢?"”
‘‘Sace kho taṃ, bhūmija, jayasenassa rājakumārassa imā catasso upamā paṭibhāyeyyuṃ anacchariyaṃ te jayaseno rājakumāro pasīdeyya, pasanno ca te pasannākāraṃ kareyyā’’ti. ‘‘Kuto pana maṃ, bhante, jayasenassa rājakumārassa imā catasso upamā paṭibhāyissanti anacchariyā pubbe assutapubbā, seyyathāpi bhagavanta’’nti?
世尊如此说。具寿浮弥满心欢喜,对世尊的教说随喜赞叹。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā bhūmijo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册
| Pali | 中文(经文用名) | 角色 |
|---|
| Bhagavā | 世尊 | 佛陀,给出核心教示 |
| Āsañcepi | 普弥迦 | 比丘,本经主要提问者之一 |
| Jayasena | 佳亚些那 | 王子,引发讨论的提问者 |
事件
具寿普弥迦前往佳亚些那王子的住所,王子向他提出关于“作愿与否能否证果”的难题。普弥迦根据对法义的理解,作出了一个关键区分。之后,他返回将此事禀告世尊,世尊不仅印证了他的回答,更通过一系列“不如理因”与“如理因”的生动譬喻,详细开示了修行能否证果的真正决定性因素,并点明若王子听闻这些譬喻会生起信心。
经文摘要
王子质疑“发愿修行能否证果”的悖论 → 普弥迦提出关键在于“如理”而非“发愿” → 佛陀以榨沙取油、钻木取火等正反八个譬喻,阐明邪见者用不如理的方法终不得果,正见者以如理的方法必能得果。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解)
这部经用一个看似绕口令的问题,把修行的核心从“愿望”拉回到了“方法”上。
核心: 王子的问题像在问:“我无论许愿还是不许愿,努力也没用,对吗?”普弥迦和佛陀的回答精髓是:你的焦点错了。能不能成功,根本就不是看你“许不许愿”,而是看你做事的方法“对不对路”。
经文最关键的一句是佛陀总结的:“即使作愿而如理地行梵行,能够证得果;即使不作愿而如理地行梵行,能够证得果…”
→ 拆开看:“如理”(yoniso)就是整个问题的开关。佛陀用八个比喻把这点说透了:你想从沙子里榨出油,无论你多虔诚祈祷、多用力压榨,都得不到,因为“沙子”这个因就不对头。
→ 反过来,你只要用对芝麻,就算你只是随手一压,油也会出来。修行就是这样,如果根本见解(八邪道)是错的,就像用湿木钻火,再努力也白费。如果根本见解(八正道)是对的,就像用干木钻火,成功是自然的事,与你的主观愿望强弱无关。
→ 一句话要旨:修行的果实,遵从的是“因果法则”的硬道理,而不是“心愿法则”的迷思。方法不对,愿望再强也白搭;方法对了,愿望就不再是障碍。
关键术语锚
- yoni / ayoni → 如理 / 不如理: 本经最核心的轴。它不是“合逻辑/不合逻辑”,而是指“正确/错误的根源或方法”,就像榨油必须用芝麻(如理)而不能用沙子(不如理)。
- diṭṭhi → 见: 在“邪见/正见”的语境下,它决定了整个修行的“原材料”是否正确。本经强调,邪见是“不如理的因”,根本产不出圣果。
- magga → 道: 本经将八邪道与八正道直接对比为“不如理因”与“如理因”,表明“道”是实现目标的完整方法论,而非单一的技巧。
- phala → 果: 指修行的成果(特指解脱的阶位)。经文用“证得果”来实证检验方法的真伪,关键在于你的操作是否“如理”。