144 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城东园的鹿母讲堂,与众多知名、德高望重的长老弟子们在一起——包括舍利弗尊者、大目犍连尊者、大迦叶尊者、大迦旃延尊者、大拘絺罗尊者、大迦毗那尊者、大准陀尊者、阿那律尊者、离婆多尊者、阿难尊者,以及其他知名、德高望重的长老弟子们。显示巴利原文
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde sambahulehi abhiññātehi abhiññātehi therehi sāvakehi saddhiṃ – āyasmatā ca sāriputtena āyasmatā ca mahāmoggallānena āyasmatā ca mahākassapena āyasmatā ca mahākaccāyanena āyasmatā ca mahākoṭṭhikena āyasmatā ca mahākappinena āyasmatā ca mahācundena āyasmatā ca anuruddhena āyasmatā ca revatena āyasmatā ca ānandena, aññehi ca abhiññātehi abhiññātehi therehi sāvakehi saddhiṃ.
那时,长老比丘们教导、指引新比丘。有的长老比丘教导十位比丘,有的教导二十位、三十位、四十位。在长老比丘们的教导与指引下,这些新比丘次第证得了前所未证的殊胜境界。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena therā bhikkhū nave bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti. Appekacce therā bhikkhū dasapi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū vīsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū tiṃsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū cattārīsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti. Te ca navā bhikkhū therehi bhikkhūhi ovadiyamānā anusāsiyamānā uḷāraṃ pubbenāparaṃ visesaṃ jānanti .
145 那时,正值十五日布萨日,是自恣的月圆之夜。世尊由比丘僧团围绕,在露天地中安坐。这时,世尊环视这全然寂静的比丘僧团,对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我对这条行道感到满意,我的心对这条行道感到满意。因此,诸比丘,你们应当激发更增上的精进,为证得那未证得的,为获得那未获得的,为亲证那未亲证的。我将就在这舍卫城,等待四个月后的‘白莲月节’。”乡间的比丘们听说:“据说世尊将就在舍卫城,等待四个月后的‘白莲月节’。”于是,那些乡间的比丘们为了觐见世尊,纷纷涌入舍卫城。那些长老比丘们,也更加精勤地教导、指引着新比丘们。有些长老比丘教导十位比丘,有些长老比丘教导二十位比丘,有些长老比丘教导三十位比丘,有些长老比丘教导四十位比丘。而那些新比丘们,在长老比丘们的教导与指引下,次第证得了前所未有、愈加殊胜的境界。显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase pavāraṇāya puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āraddhosmi, bhikkhave, imāya paṭipadāya; āraddhacittosmi, bhikkhave, imāya paṭipadāya. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, bhiyyosomattāya vīriyaṃ ārabhatha appattassa pattiyā, anadhigatassa adhigamāya , asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya. Idhevāhaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ komudiṃ cātumāsiniṃ āgamessāmī’’ti. Assosuṃ kho jānapadā bhikkhū – ‘‘bhagavā kira tattheva sāvatthiyaṃ komudiṃ cātumāsiniṃ āgamessatī’’ti. Te jānapadā bhikkhū sāvatthiṃ osaranti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Te ca kho therā bhikkhū bhiyyosomattāya nave bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti. Appekacce therā bhikkhū dasapi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū vīsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti , appekacce therā bhikkhū tiṃsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū cattārīsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti. Te ca navā bhikkhū therehi bhikkhūhi ovadiyamānā anusāsiyamānā uḷāraṃ pubbenāparaṃ visesaṃ jānanti.
146 那时,正是第十五日的布萨日,白莲月节月圆之夜。世尊由比丘僧团围绕,安坐于露天处。其时,世尊环视如此默然寂静的比丘僧团,便对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,此众会不杂浮言虚语;诸比丘,此众会远离闲说杂谈,清净安立于核心。诸比丘,如此比丘僧团,如此众会,是堪受供养、堪受款待、堪受布施、堪受合掌礼敬的世间无上福田。诸比丘,如此比丘僧团,如此众会,少施即得多福,多施则得更多之福。诸比丘,如此比丘僧团,如此众会,世间难得以见。诸比丘,如此比丘僧团,如此众会,值得背负行囊,跋涉数由旬而往见。”显示巴利原文
Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase komudiyā cātumāsiniyā puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘apalāpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā; nippalāpāyaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā; suddhā sāre patiṭṭhitā. Tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho; tathārūpā ayaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā yathārūpā parisā āhuneyyā pāhuneyyā dakkhiṇeyyā añjalikaraṇīyā anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho; tathārūpā ayaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā yathārūpāya parisāya appaṃ dinnaṃ bahu hoti, bahu dinnaṃ bahutaraṃ. Tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho; tathārūpā ayaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā yathārūpā parisā dullabhā dassanāya lokassa. Tathārūpo ayaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho; tathārūpā ayaṃ, bhikkhave, parisā yathārūpaṃ parisaṃ alaṃ yojanagaṇanāni dassanāya gantuṃ puṭosenāpi’’ .
147 “诸比丘,于此比丘僧团中,有如是比丘:他们是阿拉汉,灭尽烦恼,梵行已立,应作已作,卸下重担,达到了最终目标,彻底断尽了有的结缚,以正智而获解脱——诸比丘,此僧团中确实存在这样的比丘。诸比丘,于此比丘僧团中,有断除五下分结的比丘,他们将于彼处般涅槃,不再从那世界返回此界——诸比丘,此僧团中确实存在这样的比丘。诸比丘,于此比丘僧团中,有断除三结,贪、嗔、痴变得薄弱的比丘,他们成为一来者,只来此世间一次,便作苦的尽头——诸比丘,此僧团中确实存在这样的比丘。诸比丘,于此比丘僧团中,有断除三结的比丘,他们成为入流者,不再堕入恶道,决定趣向正觉——诸比丘,此僧团中确实存在这样的比丘。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññāvimuttā – evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe . Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā – evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe. Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmino sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karissanti – evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe . Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyanā – evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe.
“诸比丘,于此比丘僧团中,有精勤修习四念住的比丘——诸比丘,此僧团中确实存在这样的比丘。诸比丘,于此比丘僧团中,有精勤修习四正勤……修习四神足……修习五根……修习五力……修习七觉支……修习八圣道的比丘——诸比丘,此僧团中确实存在这样的比丘。诸比丘,于此比丘僧团中,有精勤修习慈心……修习悲心……修习喜心……修习舍心……修习不净观……修习无常想的比丘——诸比丘,此僧团中确实存在这样的比丘。诸比丘,于此比丘僧团中,又有精勤修习入出息念的比丘。诸比丘,修习入出息念,多所修习,即得大果报、大利益。诸比丘,修习入出息念,多所修习,能圆满四念住。四念住修习多所修习,能圆满七觉支。七觉支修习多所修习,能圆满明与解脱。”显示巴利原文
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti – evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe. Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ bhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti…pe… catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ… pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ… pañcannaṃ balānaṃ… sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ… ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa bhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti – evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe. Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe mettābhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti… karuṇābhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti… muditābhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti… upekkhābhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti… asubhabhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti… aniccasaññābhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti – evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe. Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe ānāpānassatibhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti. Ānāpānassati, bhikkhave, bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā. Ānāpānassati, bhikkhave, bhāvitā bahulīkatā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti. Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti. Satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṃ paripūrenti.
148 诸比丘,如何修习、多修习入出息念,可得大果报、大利益呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘或至山林,或至树下,或至空闲处,结跏趺坐,端正身体,令正念现前安立。他具念入息,具念出息。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathaṃ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, ānāpānassati kathaṃ bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So satova assasati satova passasati.
入息长时,他了知:‘我入息长’;出息长时,他了知:‘我出息长’。入息短时,他了知:‘我入息短’;出息短时,他了知:‘我出息短’。他如此修习:‘我将觉知全身而入息’;他如此修习:‘我将觉知全身而出息’。他如此修习:‘我将平静身行而入息’;他如此修习:‘我将平静身行而出息’。显示巴利原文
‘‘Dīghaṃ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṃ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; rassaṃ vā assasanto ‘rassaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā passasanto ‘rassaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.
他如此修习:‘我将体验喜而入息’;他如此修习:‘我将体验喜而出息’。他如此修习:‘我将体验乐而入息’;他如此修习:‘我将体验乐而出息’。他如此修习:‘我将体验心行而入息’;他如此修习:‘我将体验心行而出息’。他如此修习:‘我将平静心行而入息’;他如此修习:‘我将平静心行而出息’。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Pītipaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘pītipaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘sukhapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sukhapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.
他如此训练:“我将体验心而入息”;他如此训练:“我将体验心而出息”。他如此训练:“我将令心欢喜而入息”;他如此训练:“我将令心欢喜而出息”。他如此训练:“我将令心得定而入息”;他如此训练:“我将令心得定而出息”。他如此训练:“我将令心解脱而入息”;他如此训练:“我将令心解脱而出息”。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Cittapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘cittapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati ; ‘samādahaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘samādahaṃ cittaṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘vimocayaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘vimocayaṃ cittaṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.
他这样修习:‘我将随观无常而入息’;他这样修习:‘我将随观无常而出息’。他这样修习:‘我将随观离贪而入息’;他这样修习:‘我将随观离贪而出息’。他这样修习:‘我将随观灭而入息’;他这样修习:‘我将随观灭而出息’。他这样修习:‘我将随观舍遣而入息’;他这样修习:‘我将随观舍遣而出息’。诸比丘,当入出息念如此修习、如此广修时,便有大果报、大利益。显示巴利原文
‘‘‘Aniccānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘aniccānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘virāgānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘virāgānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘nirodhānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘nirodhānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati. Evaṃ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassati evaṃ bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā.
149 诸比丘,怎样修习、怎样多作入出息念,才能圆满四念处呢?诸比丘,当比丘入息长时,他了知:“我入息长”;出息长时,他了知:“我出息长”。入息短时,他了知:“我入息短”;出息短时,他了知:“我出息短”。他如此训练:“我觉知全身而入息”;他如此训练:“我觉知全身而出息”。他如此训练:“我平静身行而入息”;他如此训练:“我平静身行而出息”。诸比丘,在那个时候,比丘于身随观身而住,精勤、正知、具念,断除世间的贪着与忧恼。诸比丘,我说入出息是诸身中的一种身。因此,诸比丘,在那个时候,比丘于身随观身而住,精勤、正知、具念,断除世间的贪着与忧恼。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathaṃ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, ānāpānassati kathaṃ bahulīkatā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti? Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṃ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṃ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; rassaṃ vā assasanto ‘rassaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā passasanto ‘rassaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; kāye kāyānupassī, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Kāyesu kāyaññatarāhaṃ, bhikkhave, evaṃ vadāmi yadidaṃ – assāsapassāsā. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, kāye kāyānupassī tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
诸比丘,当比丘如此修习:‘我觉知喜入息’‘我觉知喜出息’;‘我觉知乐入息’‘我觉知乐出息’;‘我觉知心行入息’‘我觉知心行出息’;‘我平静心行入息’‘我平静心行出息’——那时,这位比丘便安住于受随观受,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了世间里的贪欲与忧恼。诸比丘,我所说的‘诸受中的某一受’,即是对入出息作如理作意。因此,诸比丘,在那一刻,这位比丘正是于诸受随观受而安住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了世间里的贪欲与忧恼。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘pītipaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘pītipaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘sukhapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sukhapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; vedanāsu vedanānupassī, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Vedanāsu vedanāññatarāhaṃ, bhikkhave, evaṃ vadāmi yadidaṃ – assāsapassāsānaṃ sādhukaṃ manasikāraṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, vedanāsu vedanānupassī tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
诸比丘,当比丘如此修习:‘我觉知心入息’‘我觉知心出息’;‘我令心欢喜入息’‘我令心欢喜出息’;‘我令心得定入息’‘我令心得定出息’;‘我令心解脱入息’‘我令心解脱出息’——那时,这位比丘便安住于心随观心,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了世间里的贪欲与忧恼。诸比丘,我不说一个失念、不正知的人能修入出息念。因此,在那一刻,这位比丘即是于心随观心而安住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了世间里的贪欲与忧恼。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘cittapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘cittapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘samādahaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘samādahaṃ cittaṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘vimocayaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘vimocayaṃ cittaṃ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; citte cittānupassī, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, muṭṭhassatissa asampajānassa ānāpānassatiṃ vadāmi. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, citte cittānupassī tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
诸比丘,当比丘如此修习:‘我随观无常入息’‘我随观无常出息’;‘我随观离贪入息’‘我随观离贪出息’;‘我随观灭尽入息’‘我随观灭尽出息’;‘我随观舍遣入息’‘我随观舍遣出息’——那时,这位比丘便安住于法随观法,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了世间里的贪欲与忧恼。他以智慧彻见了贪欲与忧恼的舍断之后,便成为平等观察者。因此,在那一刻,这位比丘即是于诸法随观法而安住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了世间里的贪欲与忧恼。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘aniccānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘aniccānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘virāgānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘virāgānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘nirodhānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘nirodhānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; dhammesu dhammānupassī, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. So yaṃ taṃ abhijjhādomanassānaṃ pahānaṃ taṃ paññāya disvā sādhukaṃ ajjhupekkhitā hoti. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, dhammesu dhammānupassī tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.
诸比丘,入出息念这样修习、这样多修,便能圆满四念处。显示巴利原文
‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassati evaṃ bahulīkatā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti.
150 那么,诸比丘,如何修习、如何多修四念处,才能圆满七觉支呢?诸比丘,当比丘于身随观身而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏了世间的贪欲与忧恼的时候,那时,他所建立的念便不忘失。诸比丘,在比丘的念已建立、不忘失的时候,那时,比丘便发起了念觉支;那时,他修习念觉支;那时,比丘的念觉支修习达到圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathaṃ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā kathaṃ bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti? Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, upaṭṭhitāssa tasmiṃ samaye sati hoti asammuṭṭhā . Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno upaṭṭhitā sati hoti asammuṭṭhā, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti. Satisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
当他这样正念而住时,便以慧去探究、审察、深入思择那个法。诸比丘,在比丘这样正念而住,以慧探究、审察、深入思择那个法的时候,择法觉支便在比丘心中发起了;那时,他修习择法觉支;那时,比丘的择法觉支修习达到圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘So tathāsato viharanto taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicinati pavicayati parivīmaṃsaṃ āpajjati. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāsato viharanto taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicinati pavicayati parivīmaṃsaṃ āpajjati, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
诸比丘,当他以智慧如此择法、审查、探究法时,精进便被激发而不懈怠。那时,比丘精进被激发而不懈怠,便生起了精进觉支;他修习精进觉支,精进觉支便修习圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tassa taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicinato pavicayato parivīmaṃsaṃ āpajjato āraddhaṃ hoti vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicinato pavicayato parivīmaṃsaṃ āpajjato āraddhaṃ hoti vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
诸比丘,精进被激发者,便生起离欲之喜。那时,精进被激发的比丘生起离欲之喜,便生起了喜觉支;他修习喜觉支,喜觉支便修习圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Āraddhavīriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno āraddhavīriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā, pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
诸比丘,心喜悦者,身即轻安,心亦轻安。那时,身轻安、心轻安的比丘便生起了轻安觉支;他修习轻安觉支,轻安觉支便修习圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
诸比丘,当身轻安、内心快乐时,心得定。在那样的时刻,这位身轻安而快乐的比丘心得定,他便生起定觉支,修习定觉支,此时比丘的定觉支修习达至圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati, samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
诸比丘,他对这样入定的心善加观察安住。在那样的时刻,比丘对这样入定的心善加观察安住,他便生起舍觉支,修习舍觉支,此时比丘的舍觉支修习达至圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘So tathāsamāhitaṃ cittaṃ sādhukaṃ ajjhupekkhitā hoti. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāsamāhitaṃ cittaṃ sādhukaṃ ajjhupekkhitā hoti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
151 诸比丘,当比丘于受……乃至……于心……于诸法随观法而住,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间贪忧时,那时他的念已现前而不忘失。在那样的时刻,比丘的念现前而不忘失,他便生起念觉支,修习念觉支,此时比丘的念觉支修习达至圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu…pe… citte… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, upaṭṭhitāssa tasmiṃ samaye sati hoti asammuṭṭhā. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno upaṭṭhitā sati hoti asammuṭṭhā, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, satisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
当他安住于正念,以慧对那法审察、细察、作周遍探究时——诸比丘,当比丘安住于正念,以慧对那法审察、细察、作周遍探究时,他便发起了择法觉支。此时,比丘修习择法觉支;此时,比丘的择法觉支修习达至圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘So tathāsato viharanto taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicinati pavicayati parivīmaṃsaṃ āpajjati. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāsato viharanto taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicinati pavicayati parivīmaṃsaṃ āpajjati, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
当他以慧对那法审察、细察、作周遍探究时,便生起不懈怠的精进。诸比丘,当比丘以慧审察、细察、周遍探究那法而生起不懈怠的精进时,他便发起了精进觉支。此时,比丘修习精进觉支;此时,比丘的精进觉支修习达至圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tassa taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicinato pavicayato parivīmaṃsaṃ āpajjato āraddhaṃ hoti vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicinato pavicayato parivīmaṃsaṃ āpajjato āraddhaṃ hoti vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
精进已发起者,便生起离欲之喜。诸比丘,当比丘精进已发起而生起离欲之喜时,他便发起了喜觉支。此时,比丘修习喜觉支;此时,比丘的喜觉支修习达至圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Āraddhavīriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno āraddhavīriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā, pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
心生喜悦的人,身体便得轻安,心也得轻安。诸比丘,当比丘心生喜悦、身体得轻安、心也得轻安时,轻安觉支便在他心中发起了;那时,他修习轻安觉支;那时,他的轻安觉支达到了修习的圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
身体轻安、心怀快乐的人,心便进入定境。诸比丘,当比丘身体轻安、心怀快乐,心进入定境时,定觉支便在他心中发起了;那时,他修习定觉支;那时,他的定觉支达到了修习的圆满。显示巴利原文
‘‘Passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati, samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
他会对如此得定的心善加保持舍观。诸比丘,当比丘对如此得定的心善加保持舍观时,舍觉支便在他心中发起了;那时,他修习舍觉支;那时,他的舍觉支达到了修习的圆满。诸比丘,如此修习、如此多作的四念处,能圆满七觉支。显示巴利原文
‘‘So tathāsamāhitaṃ cittaṃ sādhukaṃ ajjhupekkhitā hoti. Yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāsamāhitaṃ cittaṃ sādhukaṃ ajjhupekkhitā hoti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati. Evaṃ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā evaṃ bahulīkatā satta sambojjhaṅge paripūrenti.
152 诸比丘,那么,七觉支应如何修习、如何多修,方能圆满明与解脱呢?诸比丘,于此,比丘依远离、依离贪、依灭、向于舍遣而修习念觉支;他依远离、依离贪、依灭、向于舍遣而修习择法觉支……精进觉支……喜觉支……轻安觉支……定觉支……舍觉支。诸比丘,正是这样修习、这样多修七觉支,才能圆满明与解脱。显示巴利原文
‘‘Kathaṃ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, satta bojjhaṅgā kathaṃ bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṃ paripūrenti ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti…pe… vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti… upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. Evaṃ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, satta bojjhaṅgā evaṃ bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṃ paripūrentī’’ti.
世尊说了这番话。那些比丘心意满足,对世尊的言教欢喜信受。显示巴利原文
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 佛陀 说法者、教导者 Sāriputta 舍利弗 长老弟子之一 Mahāmoggallāna 目犍连 长老弟子之一 Mahākassapa 大迦叶 长老弟子之一 Mahākaccāna 大迦旃延 长老弟子之一 Mahākoṭṭhita 摩诃俱絺罗 长老弟子之一 Mahākappina 大劫宾那 长老弟子之一 Mahācunda (经中未具名) 长老弟子之一 Anuruddha 阿那律 长老弟子之一 Revata 离婆多 长老弟子之一 Ānanda 阿难 长老弟子之一 bhikkhusaṅgha 比丘僧团 听闻者 jānapadā bhikkhū 乡间比丘 前来闻法者
事件 世尊在满月自恣日之夜,观察到比丘僧团寂静无喧、极具修行气象,心生满意,先鼓励大众为未证得者而精进。四个月后,他再次见此寂静僧团,欢喜赞叹其稀有功德、殊胜福田。以此为缘起,他向众比丘抛出核心教导:修习入出息念有大利益,并能次第圆满四念处、七觉支,最终抵达明与解脱。
经文摘要 世尊因僧团寂静而赞叹僧宝(A)→ 详述入出息念的十六阶次修法(B)→ 阐明此法如何圆满四念处(C)→ 进而由四念处圆满七觉支(D)→ 由七觉支达致明与解脱。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 1. 背景:从寂静的集体到寂静的个人
这篇经文的缘起很特别,佛陀不是在解答某个疑问,而是被僧团的“寂静”所触动。这种寂静不是死气沉沉,而是一种高度凝聚、没有戏论的修行氛围,佛陀直说这样的僧团“值得携带行囊走数由旬去见”,是世间的无上福田。这展示了一个强大的修行“场域”对个人修道的助益,也为接下来要教授的、能导向心得定的法门铺平了道路。
2. 核心:呼吸不是终点,是观察四套系统的窗口
佛陀将入出息念开演为十六个详细的步骤,很多人误以为这只是“专注呼吸”的技巧,但这正是本篇要颠覆的认知。这十六步是层层递进的观察体系,我们套在四种观察主题(四念处)上,就能看清全景:
* 体验身,而不只是肉身 :经文说,当你在修习“觉知全身而入息”、“平静身行(呼吸的过程)而出息”时,“此时比丘于身随观身而住”。关键是佛陀的界定:“我说入出息是身中之一身”。 → 拆开看: 这不是在说一堆骨头肉的“身体”,而是指“呼吸”本身就是一种最活泼、能直接体验到的“身”。观察呼吸的粗细、长短,就是在观察这一组与“身”相关的活动。你不需要去想象膝盖、心脏,只需安住在这团动态的呼吸过程上。这直接打破了必须观察肉体才算“观身”的刻板印象。
* 感受的滋味,借由呼吸品尝 :当你修习“觉知喜”、“觉知乐”、“觉知心行(感受的起伏)”时,就是在“于诸受随观受而住”。 → 拆开看: 经文点出核心:“我说诸受中的某一受,即是对入出息的如理作意。”这里的重点不是去观察“我脚疼”或“我高兴”,而是去感受在专注于呼吸时,身心自然产生的喜悦和轻安,以及感受背后那股推动力的变化。呼吸是品尝“受”的入口。
* 体验心,用呼吸来调心 :到了“觉知心”、“令心欢喜”、“令心得定”、“令心解脱”的阶段,就是在“于心随观心而住”。而且,经文在此丢出一个绝对性的判断:“我不说失念、不正知者有入出息念。” → 拆开看: 这是说,离开了清晰的觉知,就没有真正的呼吸法门可言。观察呼吸时,你不是一个被动的记录者,而是一个主动的调琴师:知道心在散乱,就要用“令心得定”的步骤去调整;知道心在昏沉,就要用“令心欢喜”去提振。呼吸这时成了直接触摸、调控心念的工具。
* 法的真理,在呼吸中直接看见 :最后,当你“随观无常”、“离贪”、“灭”、“舍遣”而入出息时,就是在“于诸法随观法而住”。经文说,此时修行者“以慧见彼贪忧之舍断,如理地观察”。 → 拆开看: 这一步是前面所有修习的自然结果。当你持续观察呼吸,会发现上一秒的入息早已“灭”去,你留不住它,也控制不了它产生下一个出息。这种“正在发生、即刻消散”的无常本质,会从概念变成刻骨感受。你不再需要用头脑去分析“无常”的法义,呼吸本身就是法在说法。于是,贪恋和抓取失去了根基,你唯一的理性选择就是“舍遣”——放下。
→ 一句话要旨: 入出息念不是练呼吸,而是借由呼吸这个最亲近的“活体标本”,系统地观察并放下对身、受、心、法的执着,是一条从止到观、从定到慧的完整解脱路径。
关键术语锚 * sankhāra → 行
多义词,易错译为“业力”、“行为”。在本经16步骤中,“平静身行”指呼吸(出入息)这个生理过程,“觉知/平静心行”指伴随呼吸生起的感受与心理状态。它在此处特指一种 被条件制约且动态进行的活动过程 ,而非抽象的概念。
* vedanā → 受
多义词,易局限为情绪或苦乐感觉。在本经“于诸受随观受”中,佛陀特别说“诸受中的某一受,即是对入出息的如理作意”,意指从专注呼吸所生的 喜、乐等特定感受质量 入手,这是用最细微的感觉为观察对象,撬动对整个感受机制的认知。
* dhamma → 法
多义词,易混淆为“教法”。在本经“于诸法随观法”中,它是作为 被观察的身心原理与真实现象 之意,特指无常、离贪、灭尽、舍遣这些运行的法则,是四念处最精微的观察对象。
* vossagga → 舍遣
易错译为消极的“放弃”或“抛弃”。它是整个修习的最终导向,意指一种积极的、充满智慧的 彻底松手与放下 。由于亲见无常的实相,而主动解除对一切现象的内在抓取,这是智慧的运用,而非无能为力的丢弃。
* sati → 念
多义词,易被简化为“注意”或“专注”。在本经“失念、不正知者无入出息念”中,它指一种 持续、稳固且带有清晰了知的觉知 ,是能同时照见出入息并清楚知道在发生什么的心理素质,是连接定与慧的桥梁。