大般涅槃经巴利 3. Mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ
全书 376 段
131 如是我闻:一时,世尊住在王舍城(Rājagaha) 的灵鹫山(Gijjhakūṭa) 。那时,摩揭陀国(Magadha) 韦迭希子(Vedehiputta) 阿阇世王(Ajātasattu) 想要攻打跋耆人。他这样说:“我要消灭这些势力强大、威力雄厚的跋耆人,我要摧毁跋耆人,我要让跋耆人遭受灾祸与毁灭。”巴利 注疏 2
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tena kho pana samayena rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto vajjī abhiyātukāmo hoti. So evamāha – ‘‘ahaṃ hime vajjī evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve ucchecchāmi vajjī, vināsessāmi vajjī, anayabyasanaṃ āpādessāmi vajjī’’ti .
132 那时,摩揭陀国韦迭希子阿阇世王召来摩揭陀大臣跋沙咖拉婆罗门,对他说:“来,婆罗门,你去世尊那里。到了之后,以我之名,头面顶礼世尊双足,并问候世尊是否少病少恼、身体轻捷、有力、安乐而住。你就说:‘尊者,摩揭陀国韦迭希子阿阇世王,头面顶礼世尊双足,问候世尊是否少病少恼、身体轻捷、有力、安乐而住。’然后这样说:‘尊者,摩揭陀国韦迭希子阿阇世王想要攻打跋耆人。他这样说:“我要消灭这些势力强大、威力雄厚的跋耆人,我要摧毁跋耆人,我要让跋耆人遭受灾祸与毁灭。”’你要善记世尊的回答,回来禀告我。因为如来从不说虚妄之语。”巴利
Atha kho rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto vassakāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ magadhamahāmattaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandāhi, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha – ‘rājā, bhante, māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī’ti. Evañca vadehi – ‘rājā, bhante, māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto vajjī abhiyātukāmo. So evamāha – ‘‘ahaṃ hime vajjī evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve ucchecchāmi vajjī, vināsessāmi vajjī, anayabyasanaṃ āpādessāmī’’’ti. Yathā te bhagavā byākaroti, taṃ sādhukaṃ uggahetvā mama āroceyyāsi. Na hi tathāgatā vitathaṃ bhaṇantī’’ti.
跋沙咖拉婆罗门巴利
Vassakārabrāhmaṇo
133 “好的,先生。”摩揭陀大臣跋沙咖拉婆罗门应允了摩揭陀国王阿阇世·韦迭希子(Ajātasattu Vedehiputta) 后,便让人备好一辆辆精良车乘。他登上一辆精良车乘,与诸精良车乘一同从王舍城出发,前往灵鹫山。乘车行到车道尽处,他便下车,步行来至世尊面前。到后,与世尊互相问候致意。彼此说过令人欢喜、值得记念的客气话后,便坐在一旁。坐在一旁的摩揭陀大臣跋沙咖拉婆罗门对世尊这样说:“尊敬的乔达摩(Gotama) ,摩揭陀国王阿阇世·韦迭希子,以头面礼尊敬的乔达摩双足,并问候您是否无病、无痛、身体轻快、气力充沛、起居安稳。尊敬的乔达摩,摩揭陀国王阿阇世·韦迭希子想要攻打跋耆人。他这样说:‘我要消灭这些如此强大、如此有势力的跋耆人,我要摧毁跋耆人,我要让跋耆人遭受灾祸与覆灭。’”巴利
‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa paṭissutvā bhaddāni bhaddāni yānāni yojetvā bhaddaṃ bhaddaṃ yānaṃ abhiruhitvā bhaddehi bhaddehi yānehi rājagahamhā niyyāsi, yena gijjhakūṭo pabbato tena pāyāsi. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi, yānena gantvā, yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘rājā, bho gotama, māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto bhoto gotamassa pāde sirasā vandati, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchati. Rājā , bho gotama, māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto vajjī abhiyātukāmo. So evamāha – ‘ahaṃ hime vajjī evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve ucchecchāmi vajjī, vināsessāmi vajjī, anayabyasanaṃ āpādessāmī’’’ti.
令王不衰退之法巴利
Rājaaparihāniyadhammā
134 那时,阿难尊者(Ānanda) 正站在世尊身后,为世尊扇着扇子。其时,世尊问阿难尊者说:“阿难,你可曾听说,跋耆人是否常集会、多有集会?”
“世尊,我听说,跋耆人确实是常集会、多有集会的。”
“阿难,只要跋耆人能常集会、多有集会,那么,跋耆人便可预期唯兴盛,不衰败。”巴利 注疏 2
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ānando bhagavato piṭṭhito ṭhito hoti bhagavantaṃ bījayamāno . Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjī abhiṇhaṃ sannipātā sannipātabahulā’ti? ‘‘Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante – ‘vajjī abhiṇhaṃ sannipātā sannipātabahulā’’ti. ‘‘Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjī abhiṇhaṃ sannipātā sannipātabahulā bhavissanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“阿难,你可曾听说,跋耆人是否和合而集、和合而散、和合地处理跋耆族应办之事?”
“世尊,我听说,跋耆人确实和合而集、和合而散、和合地处理跋耆族应办之事。”
“阿难,只要跋耆人能持续和合而集、和合而散、和合地处理跋耆族应办之事,那么,他们便可预期唯兴盛,不衰败。”巴利
‘‘Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ , ‘vajjī samaggā sannipatanti, samaggā vuṭṭhahanti, samaggā vajjikaraṇīyāni karontī’ti? ‘‘Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante – ‘vajjī samaggā sannipatanti, samaggā vuṭṭhahanti, samaggā vajjikaraṇīyāni karontī’’ti. ‘‘Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjī samaggā sannipatissanti, samaggā vuṭṭhahissanti, samaggā vajjikaraṇīyāni karissanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“阿难,你可曾听闻:跋耆人是否不制定未立之法,也不废除已立之法,而只是遵循往昔所制定的跋耆古规行事?”
“尊者,我听闻:跋耆人确实不制定未立之法,不废除已立之法,而只是遵循往昔所制定的跋耆古规行事。”
“阿难,只要跋耆人不制定未立之法,不废除已立之法,而只是遵循往昔所制定的跋耆古规行事,那么,阿难,跋耆人便唯有兴盛可期,而无衰败。”巴利
‘‘Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjī apaññattaṃ na paññapenti, paññattaṃ na samucchindanti, yathāpaññatte porāṇe vajjidhamme samādāya vattantī’’’ti? ‘‘Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante – ‘vajjī apaññattaṃ na paññapenti, paññattaṃ na samucchindanti, yathāpaññatte porāṇe vajjidhamme samādāya vattantī’’’ti. ‘‘Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, ‘‘vajjī apaññattaṃ na paññapessanti, paññattaṃ na samucchindissanti, yathāpaññatte porāṇe vajjidhamme samādāya vattissanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“阿难,你可曾听闻:跋耆人恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养跋耆族中的长老,并认为他们的话语值得听取?”
“世尊,我曾听闻:跋耆人恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养跋耆族中的长老,并认为他们的话语值得听取。”
“阿难,只要跋耆人持续恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养跋耆族中的长老,并认为他们的话语值得听取,那么,阿难,跋耆人就只会增长,不会衰败。”巴利
‘‘Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjī ye te vajjīnaṃ vajjimahallakā, te sakkaronti garuṃ karonti mānenti pūjenti, tesañca sotabbaṃ maññantī’’’ti? ‘‘Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante – ‘vajjī ye te vajjīnaṃ vajjimahallakā, te sakkaronti garuṃ karonti mānenti pūjenti, tesañca sotabbaṃ maññantī’’’ti. ‘‘Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjī ye te vajjīnaṃ vajjimahallakā , te sakkarissanti garuṃ karissanti mānessanti pūjessanti, tesañca sotabbaṃ maññissanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“阿难,你可曾听说——跋耆人不会强行绑架良家妇女或族中少女,迫令同居?”
“世尊,我曾听说——跋耆人不会强行绑架良家妇女或族中少女,迫令同居。”
“阿难,只要跋耆人继续不强行绑架良家妇女或族中少女,迫令同居,他们便只会日益兴盛,不会衰败。”巴利
‘‘Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjī yā tā kulitthiyo kulakumāriyo, tā na okkassa pasayha vāsentī’’’ti? ‘‘Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante – ‘vajjī yā tā kulitthiyo kulakumāriyo tā na okkassa pasayha vāsentī’’’ti. ‘‘Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjī yā tā kulitthiyo kulakumāriyo, tā na okkassa pasayha vāsessanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“阿难,你可曾听说——跋耆人对那些内外的跋耆圣地,恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养,不废弃过去已设、已行的供施?”
“世尊,我曾听说——跋耆人对那些内外的跋耆圣地,恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养,不废弃过去已设、已行的供施。”
“阿难,只要跋耆人继续恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养那些内外的跋耆圣地,不废弃过去已设、已行的供施,他们便只会日益兴盛,不会衰败。”巴利
‘‘Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjī yāni tāni
“阿难,你可曾听闻:跋耆人恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养境内外的塔庙,且不舍弃过去所供奉的如法祭品?”
“世尊,我听闻了:跋耆人恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养境内外的塔庙,且不舍弃过去所供奉的如法祭品。”
“阿难,只要跋耆人继续恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养境内外的塔庙,不舍弃过去所供奉的如法祭品,那么,阿难,跋耆人就只会日益强盛,不会衰败。”巴利
Vajjīnaṃ vajjicetiyāni abbhantarāni ceva bāhirāni ca, tāni sakkaronti garuṃ karonti mānenti pūjenti, tesañca dinnapubbaṃ katapubbaṃ dhammikaṃ baliṃ no parihāpentī’’’ti? ‘‘Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante – ‘vajjī yāni tāni vajjīnaṃ vajjicetiyāni abbhantarāni ceva bāhirāni ca, tāni sakkaronti garuṃ karonti mānenti pūjenti tesañca dinnapubbaṃ katapubbaṃ dhammikaṃ baliṃ no parihāpentī’’’ti. ‘‘Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjī yāni tāni vajjīnaṃ vajjicetiyāni abbhantarāni ceva bāhirāni ca, tāni sakkarissanti garuṃ karissanti mānessanti pūjessanti, tesañca dinnapubbaṃ katapubbaṃ dhammikaṃ baliṃ no parihāpessanti, vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“阿难,你可曾听闻:跋耆人对阿拉汉们妥善安排了如法的守护、庇护与保护,心想‘愿尚未到来的阿拉汉能来到我的国境,已经到来的阿拉汉能在我国境中安稳居住’?”
“世尊,我听闻了:跋耆人对阿拉汉们妥善安排了如法的守护、庇护与保护,心想‘愿尚未到来的阿拉汉能来到我的国境,已经到来的阿拉汉能在我国境中安稳居住’。”
“阿难,只要跋耆人继续对阿拉汉们妥善安排如法的守护、庇护与保护,心想‘愿尚未到来的阿拉汉能来到我的国境,已经到来的阿拉汉能在我国境中安稳居住’,那么,阿难,跋耆人就只会日益强盛,不会衰败。”巴利
‘‘Kinti te, ānanda, sutaṃ, ‘vajjīnaṃ arahantesu dhammikā rakkhāvaraṇagutti susaṃvihitā, kinti anāgatā ca arahanto vijitaṃ āgaccheyyuṃ, āgatā ca arahanto vijite phāsu vihareyyu’’’nti? ‘‘Sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante ‘vajjīnaṃ arahantesu dhammikā rakkhāvaraṇagutti susaṃvihitā kinti anāgatā ca arahanto vijitaṃ āgaccheyyuṃ, āgatā ca arahanto vijite phāsu vihareyyu’’’nti. ‘‘Yāvakīvañca, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ arahantesu dhammikā rakkhāvaraṇagutti susaṃvihitā bhavissati, kinti anāgatā ca arahanto vijitaṃ āgaccheyyuṃ, āgatā ca arahanto vijite phāsu vihareyyunti. Vuddhiyeva, ānanda, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihānī’’ti.
135 那时,世尊对摩揭陀大臣跋沙咖拉婆罗门说:“婆罗门,有一次,我住在毗舍离(Vesālī) 的沙然达达塔庙。在那里,我为跋耆人开示了这七种不退法。婆罗门,只要这七种不退法在跋耆人中持续保持,而跋耆人亦能在这七种不退法上被见到,那么,婆罗门,跋耆人就只会日益强盛,不会衰败。”巴利 注疏 2
Atha kho bhagavā vassakāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ magadhamahāmattaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, samayaṃ vesāliyaṃ viharāmi sārandade cetiye. Tatrāhaṃ vajjīnaṃ ime satta aparihāniye dhamme desesiṃ. Yāvakīvañca, brāhmaṇa, ime satta aparihāniyā dhammā vajjīsu ṭhassanti, imesu ca sattasu aparihāniyesu dhammesu vajjī sandississanti, vuddhiyeva, brāhmaṇa, vajjīnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihānī’’ti.
听了这话,摩揭陀大臣禹舍婆罗门对世尊说:“乔达摩尊者,即使只具足一种不退法,跋耆人也只会增长,不会衰败,更不用说具足七种不退法了!乔达摩尊者,摩揭陀王阿阇世·韦迭希子,是不可能以战争征服跋耆人的,除非采用离间或收买。既然如此,乔达摩尊者,我们告辞了。我们事务繁多,十分忙碌。”
“婆罗门,这正是你动身的时候。”摩揭陀大臣禹舍婆罗门听了世尊的话,欢喜满意,便从座位起身,告辞离去了。巴利
Evaṃ vutte, vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ekamekenapi, bho gotama, aparihāniyena dhammena samannāgatānaṃ vajjīnaṃ vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni . Ko pana vādo sattahi aparihāniyehi dhammehi. Akaraṇīyāva , bho gotama, vajjī raññā māgadhena ajātasattunā vedehiputtena yadidaṃ yuddhassa, aññatra upalāpanāya aññatra mithubhedā. Handa ca dāni mayaṃ, bho gotama, gacchāma , bahukiccā mayaṃ bahukaraṇīyā’’ti. ‘‘Yassadāni tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. Atha kho vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
比丘不退法巴利
Bhikkhuaparihāniyadhammā
136 摩揭陀大臣跋沙咖拉婆罗门离去后不久,世尊便对阿难尊者说:“阿难,你去把住在王舍城附近的比丘都召集到集会堂。”
“是,尊者。”阿难尊者应诺世尊后,将住在王舍城附近的比丘悉皆召集到集会堂,然后去见世尊,顶礼世尊,站在一旁。站在一旁的阿难尊者对世尊说:“尊者,僧团已经集齐。世尊若觉时机合适,就请过去吧。”巴利 注疏 2
Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkante vassakāre brāhmaṇe magadhamahāmatte āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘gaccha tvaṃ, ānanda, yāvatikā bhikkhū rājagahaṃ upanissāya viharanti, te sabbe upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ sannipātehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā yāvatikā bhikkhū rājagahaṃ upanissāya viharanti, te sabbe upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ sannipātetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sannipatito, bhante, bhikkhusaṅgho, yassadāni, bhante, bhagavā kālaṃ maññatī’’ti.
其时,世尊从座起身,前往集会堂。到达后,在敷好的座位上坐下。坐定之后,世尊对诸比丘说:“诸比丘,我将为你们开示七种不退转法。你们要仔细聆听,善加作意,我这就说了。”
“是的,尊者。”那些比丘回答世尊。世尊这样说:巴利
Atha kho bhagavā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena upaṭṭhānasālā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘satta vo, bhikkhave, aparihāniye dhamme desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,只要比丘们常相集会、多行集会,那么他们便可期待增长,而不会退失。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhū abhiṇhaṃ sannipātā sannipātabahulā bhavissanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们和合集会、和合散会、和合办理僧团应办之事,那么他们便可期待增长,而不会退失。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū samaggā sannipatissanti, samaggā vuṭṭhahissanti, samaggā saṅghakaraṇīyāni karissanti , vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们对未制立的学处不另行制立,对已制立的学处不加以废除,而是受持遵行已制立的学处,诸比丘,便可预期增长,而不退失。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū apaññattaṃ na paññapessanti, paññattaṃ na samucchindissanti, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattissanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们恭敬、尊重、崇敬、供养那些长老比丘——他们久住、久出家,为僧团之父、僧中导首——并思惟应听受其教,诸比丘,便可预期增长,而不退失。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, te sakkarissanti garuṃ karissanti mānessanti pūjessanti, tesañca sotabbaṃ maññissanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们不为已生起的、招感后有的渴爱所转,诸比丘,便可预期增长,而不退失。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū uppannāya taṇhāya ponobbhavikāya na vasaṃ gacchissanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们志求于阿兰若住处,他们便能预期增长,而不会衰退。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū āraññakesu senāsanesu sāpekkhā bhavissanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们各自安立正念,作如是念:‘愿未来的善同梵行者能来此处,已来的善同梵行者能安乐而住。’他们便能预期增长,而不会衰退。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū paccattaññeva satiṃ upaṭṭhapessanti – ‘kinti anāgatā ca pesalā sabrahmacārī āgaccheyyuṃ, āgatā ca pesalā sabrahmacārī phāsu vihareyyu’nti. Vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要这七不退法住于比丘之间,且比丘们于此七不退法中确实可见安住其中,诸比丘,便可期待比丘们唯有增长,而不会衰退。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, ime satta aparihāniyā dhammā bhikkhūsu ṭhassanti, imesu ca sattasu aparihāniyesu dhammesu bhikkhū sandississanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
137 “诸比丘,我当再为你们开示七种不退法。谛听,善作意,我要说了。” “是的,尊者!”那些比丘应答世尊。世尊如是说:巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Aparepi vo, bhikkhave, satta aparihāniye dhamme desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,只要比丘不乐作务、不好作务、不耽着于作务,诸比丘,比丘众便可期增长,而不退堕。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na kammārāmā bhavissanti na kammaratā na kammārāmatamanuyuttā, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘不乐言谈、不好言谈、不耽着于言谈之乐,诸比丘,比丘众便可期增长,而不退堕。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na bhassārāmā bhavissanti na bhassaratā na bhassārāmatamanuyuttā, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们不乐于睡眠,不喜好睡眠,不耽著睡眠之乐,其增长即当可期,而不退失。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na niddārāmā bhavissanti na niddāratā na niddārāmatamanuyuttā, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们不乐于群聚,不喜好群聚,不耽著群聚之乐,其增长即当可期,而不退失。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na saṅgaṇikārāmā bhavissanti na saṅgaṇikaratā na saṅgaṇikārāmatamanuyuttā, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们不心怀恶欲,不落入恶欲的支配,其增长即当可期,而不退失。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na pāpicchā bhavissanti na pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gatā, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要诸比丘没有恶友、没有恶伴、没有恶党,诸比丘的增长便可期待,不会退失。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na pāpamittā bhavissanti na pāpasahāyā na pāpasampavaṅkā, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要诸比丘不因获得些许微小的殊胜成就便中途而废,诸比丘的增长便可期待,不会退失。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na oramattakena visesādhigamena antarāvosānaṃ āpajjissanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要这七不退法住于比丘之间,且比丘们于此七不退法中确实可见安住其中,诸比丘,便可期待比丘们唯有增长,而不会衰退。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, ime satta aparihāniyā dhammā bhikkhūsu ṭhassanti, imesu ca sattasu aparihāniyesu dhammesu bhikkhū sandississanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
138 “诸比丘,我当为你们开示另外七种不退法。……诸比丘,只要比丘们具足信心……具足惭……具足愧……具足多闻……具足精进……具足正念……具足智慧,诸比丘,便可期成长,而非衰退。诸比丘,只要这七不退法安住于比丘之中,只要比丘们依此七不退法而住,便可期成长,而非衰退。巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Aparepi vo, bhikkhave, satta aparihāniye dhamme desessāmi…pe… ‘‘yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū saddhā bhavissanti…pe… hirimanā bhavissanti… ottappī bhavissanti… bahussutā bhavissanti… āraddhavīriyā bhavissanti… upaṭṭhitassatī bhavissanti… paññavanto bhavissanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni. Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, ime satta aparihāniyā dhammā bhikkhūsu ṭhassanti, imesu ca sattasu aparihāniyesu dhammesu bhikkhū sandississanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
139 “诸比丘,我当再为你们开示七种不退法。谛听,善作意,我要说了。” “是的,尊者!”那些比丘应答世尊。世尊如是说:巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Aparepi vo, bhikkhave, satta aparihāniye dhamme desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,只要比丘们修习念觉支……修习择法觉支……修习精进觉支……修习喜觉支……修习轻安觉支……修习定觉支……修习舍觉支,诸比丘,便可期成长,而非衰退。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāvessanti…pe… dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāvessanti… vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāvessanti… pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāvessanti… passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāvessanti… samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāvessanti… upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāvessanti, vuddhiyeva , bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要这七不退法住于比丘之间,且比丘们于此七不退法中确实可见安住其中,诸比丘,便可期待比丘们唯有增长,而不会衰退。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, ime satta aparihāniyā dhammā bhikkhūsu ṭhassanti, imesu ca sattasu aparihāniyesu dhammesu bhikkhū sandississanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā no parihāni.
140 “诸比丘,我当再为你们开示七种不退法。谛听,善作意,我要说了。” “是的,尊者!”那些比丘应答世尊。世尊如是说:巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Aparepi vo, bhikkhave, satta aparihāniye dhamme desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,只要比丘们修习无常想……修习无我想……修习不净想……修习过患想……修习断除想……修习离欲想……修习灭尽想,诸比丘,便可期待比丘们唯有增长,而不会衰退。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū aniccasaññaṃ bhāvessanti…pe… anattasaññaṃ bhāvessanti… asubhasaññaṃ bhāvessanti… ādīnavasaññaṃ bhāvessanti… pahānasaññaṃ bhāvessanti… virāgasaññaṃ bhāvessanti… nirodhasaññaṃ bhāvessanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要这七不退法住于比丘之间,且比丘们于此七不退法中确实可见安住其中,诸比丘,便可期待比丘们唯有增长,而不会衰退。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca , bhikkhave, ime satta aparihāniyā dhammā bhikkhūsu ṭhassanti, imesu ca sattasu aparihāniyesu dhammesu bhikkhū sandississanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
141 “诸比丘,我为你们说六不退法。谛听,善作意,我将说之。” “是,尊者。”那些比丘回答世尊。世尊如是说:巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Cha, vo bhikkhave, aparihāniye dhamme desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
“诸比丘,只要比丘们在同梵行者中,无论公开还是私下,都能展现慈爱的身行,那么,比丘们便唯有增长可期,而不会衰退。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhū mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpessanti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们在同梵行者中,无论公开还是私下,都能展现慈爱的语行……慈爱的意行,那么,比丘们便唯有增长可期,而不会衰退。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpessanti …pe… mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpessanti sabrahmacārīsu āvi ceva raho ca, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要比丘们对于任何如法、依法所得的利养,即使仅是钵中之食,也不私自受用,而能与持戒的同梵行者平等共用,那么,比丘们便唯有增长可期,而不会衰退。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū, ye te lābhā dhammikā dhammaladdhā antamaso pattapariyāpannamattampi tathārūpehi lābhehi appaṭivibhattabhogī bhavissanti sīlavantehi sabrahmacārīhi sādhāraṇabhogī, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要诸比丘——于那些不破损、无漏洞、无污点、无瑕疵、自在解脱、受智者称赞、不被错误执取、能导向定的戒律,在公开与私下处,皆与同梵行者共住于戒行之契合中——那么,诸比丘,便可期待诸比丘唯增无减。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū yāni kāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni bhujissāni viññūpasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni tathārūpesu sīlesu sīlasāmaññagatā viharissanti sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要诸比丘——于那种圣善的、能导向出离、能令修习者正确地究竟灭苦的见解,在公开与私下处,皆与同梵行者共住于见解之契合中——那么,诸比丘,便可期待诸比丘唯增无减。巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhū yāyaṃ diṭṭhi ariyā niyyānikā, niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāya, tathārūpāya diṭṭhiyā diṭṭhisāmaññagatā viharissanti sabrahmacārīhi āvi ceva raho ca, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihāni.
“诸比丘,只要这六种不退法安住在诸比丘中,且诸比丘确实可见于此六不退法中安住而行,那么,诸比丘,便可期待诸比丘唯增无减。”巴利
‘‘Yāvakīvañca , bhikkhave, ime cha aparihāniyā dhammā bhikkhūsu ṭhassanti, imesu ca chasu aparihāniyesu dhammesu bhikkhū sandississanti, vuddhiyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭikaṅkhā, no parihānī’’ti.
142 那时,世尊住在王舍城的灵鹫山,常常为比丘们作这样的法谈:“这就是戒,这就是定,这就是慧。以戒所培育的定有大果报、大利益。以定所培育的慧有大果报、大利益。以慧所培育的心,便能彻底从诸漏中解脱,即:欲漏、有漏、无明漏。”巴利 注疏 2
Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharanto gijjhakūṭe pabbate etadeva bahulaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ karoti – ‘‘iti sīlaṃ, iti samādhi, iti paññā. Sīlaparibhāvito samādhi mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso. Samādhiparibhāvitā paññā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā. Paññāparibhāvitaṃ cittaṃ sammadeva āsavehi vimuccati, seyyathidaṃ – kāmāsavā, bhavāsavā, avijjāsavā’’ti.
143 那时,世尊在王舍城随意而住之后,对具寿阿难说:“来,阿难,我们去庵婆罗树园。”
“是的,尊者。”具寿阿难回答世尊。其时,世尊与大比丘僧团一起前往庵婆罗树园,住在那里的王家楼阁。在那里,世尊常常为诸比丘作此法谈:“如是戒,如是定,如是慧。以戒所遍修的定有大果、大功德。以定所遍修的慧有大果、大功德。以慧所遍修的心,正从诸漏中解脱,即:欲漏、有漏、无明漏。”巴利 注疏 1
Atha kho bhagavā rājagahe yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘āyāmānanda, yena ambalaṭṭhikā tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi. Atha kho bhagavā mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena ambalaṭṭhikā tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ viharati rājāgārake. Tatrāpi sudaṃ bhagavā ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ viharanto rājāgārake etadeva bahulaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ karoti – ‘‘iti sīlaṃ iti samādhi iti paññā. Sīlaparibhāvito samādhi mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso. Samādhiparibhāvitā paññā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā. Paññāparibhāvitaṃ cittaṃ sammadeva āsavehi vimuccati, seyyathidaṃ – kāmāsavā, bhavāsavā, avijjāsavā’’ti.
144 那时,世尊在芒果苗圃(Ambalaṭṭhikā) 随意而住之后,对具寿阿难说:“来,阿难,我们去那烂陀(Nālandā) 。”
“是的,尊者。”具寿阿难回答世尊。其时,世尊与大比丘僧团一起前往那烂陀,住在那烂陀的波婆利迦芒果园(Pāvārikambavana) 中。巴利 注疏 1
Atha kho bhagavā ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘āyāmānanda, yena nāḷandā tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi. Atha kho bhagavā mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena nāḷandā tadavasari, tatra sudaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane .
舍利弗狮子吼巴利
Sāriputtasīhanādo
145 那时,具寿舍利弗(Sāriputta) 来到世尊之处,顶礼后坐于一旁。坐定后,具寿舍利弗对世尊说:“尊者!我对世尊有如此的净信:过去、未来、现在,没有任何沙门或婆罗门在觉悟上能胜于世尊。”
“舍利弗,你宣说了如牛王般的雄语,作出了决断的把握,发出了狮子吼:‘尊者!我对世尊有如此的净信:过去、未来、现在,没有任何沙门或婆罗门在觉悟上能胜于世尊。’”巴利 注疏 1
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evaṃ pasanno ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavati; na cāhu na ca bhavissati na cetarahi vijjati añño samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā bhagavatā bhiyyobhiññataro yadidaṃ sambodhiya’’nti. ‘‘Uḷārā kho te ayaṃ, sāriputta, āsabhī vācā bhāsitā, ekaṃso gahito, sīhanādo nadito – ‘evaṃpasanno ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavati; na cāhu na ca bhavissati na cetarahi vijjati añño samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā bhagavatā bhiyyobhiññataro yadidaṃ sambodhiya’nti.
“舍利弗,那些过去世的阿拉汉、正自觉者,你可曾以心遍知那些世尊的心,而能断定:‘那些世尊的戒如此、法如此、慧如此、住如此、解脱如此’呢?”
“尊者,不能。”巴利
‘‘Kiṃ te , sāriputta, ye te ahesuṃ atītamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā, sabbe te bhagavanto cetasā ceto paricca viditā – ‘evaṃsīlā te bhagavanto ahesuṃ itipi, evaṃdhammā evaṃpaññā evaṃvihārī evaṃvimuttā te bhagavanto ahesuṃ itipī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
“那么,舍利弗,那些未来世的阿拉汉、正自觉者,所有那些世尊,你以心遍知他们的心而能了知:‘那些世尊将有如是戒、如是法、如是慧、如是住、如是解脱’吗?”
“尊者,这并不可能。”巴利
‘‘Kiṃ pana te , sāriputta, ye te bhavissanti anāgatamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā, sabbe te bhagavanto cetasā ceto paricca viditā – ‘evaṃsīlā te bhagavanto bhavissanti itipi, evaṃdhammā evaṃpaññā evaṃvihārī evaṃvimuttā te bhagavanto bhavissanti itipī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
“那么,舍利弗,对于我——现在的阿拉汉、正自觉者,你以心遍知我的心而能了知:‘世尊有如是戒、如是法、如是慧、如是住、如是解脱’吗?”
“尊者,这并不可能。”巴利
‘‘Kiṃ pana te, sāriputta, ahaṃ etarahi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho cetasā ceto paricca vidito – ‘‘evaṃsīlo bhagavā itipi , evaṃdhammo evaṃpañño evaṃvihārī evaṃvimutto bhagavā itipī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
“既然如此,舍利弗,你对过去、未来、现在诸阿拉汉、正自觉者并无他心通,那你为何说出如此崇高如牛王的言语,如此决断把握,发出狮子吼:‘尊者,我于世尊有这般净信:过去、未来、现在,没有任何其他沙门或婆罗门在正觉上比世尊更为殊胜’呢?”巴利
‘‘Ettha ca hi te, sāriputta, atītānāgatapaccuppannesu arahantesu sammāsambuddhesu cetopariyañāṇaṃ natthi. Atha kiñcarahi te ayaṃ, sāriputta, uḷārā āsabhī vācā bhāsitā, ekaṃso gahito, sīhanādo nadito – ‘evaṃpasanno ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavati; na cāhu na ca bhavissati na cetarahi vijjati añño samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā bhagavatā bhiyyobhiññataro yadidaṃ sambodhiya’’’nti?
146 “尊者,我虽未具备了他心通以遍知过去、未来、现在诸阿拉汉、正自觉者之心,然而我已了知法之推论。尊者,譬如国王边境之城,城墙坚固,城门与塔楼牢固,仅有一道城门。城中有一守门人,聪慧、明辨、具足智慧,他阻不相识者,许相识者入。当他在城周巡行绕道时,不见城墙有丝毫裂缝或孔隙,乃至连猫可钻出之洞亦无。他便心想:‘一切粗大众生出入此城,唯由此门。’同样地,尊者,我知法之推论:过去世之阿拉汉、正自觉者,他们世尊皆已舍断五盖与令慧羸弱之心随烦恼,心善安住于四念处,如实修习七觉支,而后现证无上正自觉。未来世之阿拉汉、正自觉者,他们世尊亦必将舍断五盖与令慧羸弱之心随烦恼,心善安住于四念处,如实修习七觉支,而后当现证无上正自觉。尊者,现今之世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者,已舍断五盖与令慧羸弱之心随烦恼,心善安住于四念处,如实修习七觉支,已现证无上正自觉。”巴利
‘‘Na kho me, bhante, atītānāgatapaccuppannesu arahantesu sammāsambuddhesu cetopariyañāṇaṃ atthi, api ca me dhammanvayo vidito. Seyyathāpi, bhante, rañño paccantimaṃ nagaraṃ daḷhuddhāpaṃ daḷhapākāratoraṇaṃ ekadvāraṃ, tatrassa dovāriko paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī aññātānaṃ nivāretā ñātānaṃ pavesetā. So tassa nagarassa samantā anupariyāyapathaṃ anukkamamāno na passeyya pākārasandhiṃ vā pākāravivaraṃ vā, antamaso biḷāranikkhamanamattampi. Tassa evamassa – ‘ye kho keci oḷārikā pāṇā imaṃ nagaraṃ pavisanti vā nikkhamanti vā, sabbe te imināva dvārena pavisanti vā nikkhamanti vā’ti. Evameva kho me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito – ‘ye te, bhante, ahesuṃ atītamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā , sabbe te bhagavanto pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu supatiṭṭhitacittā sattabojjhaṅge yathābhūtaṃ bhāvetvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhiṃsu. Yepi te, bhante, bhavissanti anāgatamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā , sabbe te bhagavanto pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu supatiṭṭhitacittā satta bojjhaṅge yathābhūtaṃ bhāvetvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhissanti. Bhagavāpi, bhante, etarahi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu supatiṭṭhitacitto satta bojjhaṅge yathābhūtaṃ bhāvetvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’’’ti.
147 世尊住那烂陀之波婆利迦芒果园时,也常为诸比丘作此法谈:“此为戒,此为定,此为慧。戒所滋润之定,有大果报、大功德。定所滋润之慧,有大果报、大功德。慧所滋润之心,便能正从诸漏中解脱,即:欲漏、有漏、无明漏。”巴利
Tatrapi sudaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharanto pāvārikambavane etadeva bahulaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ karoti – ‘‘iti sīlaṃ, iti samādhi, iti paññā. Sīlaparibhāvito samādhi mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso. Samādhiparibhāvitā paññā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā. Paññāparibhāvitaṃ cittaṃ sammadeva āsavehi vimuccati, seyyathidaṃ – kāmāsavā, bhavāsavā, avijjāsavā’’ti.
148 那时,世尊在那烂陀随心住止之后,便对阿难尊者说:“阿难,我们前往巴塔利村吧。” “是的,世尊。”阿难尊者回答道。其时,世尊便与大比丘僧团一起,向巴塔利村行去。巴塔利村的近事男们听说:“世尊已到达巴塔利村了。”其时,巴塔利村的近事男们便前往世尊所在之处;到了之后,向世尊行礼,然后在一边坐下。坐定之后,巴塔利村的近事男们对世尊这样说:“尊者,请世尊接受我们的客堂供养。”世尊默然应允。巴塔利村的近事男们了知世尊接受后,便从座位起身,向世尊行礼,右绕之后,前往那间客堂;到了之后,他们将客堂铺设周全,安置好座位,放好水罐,点燃油灯,然后回到世尊那里,向世尊行礼,站在一旁。站定之后,巴塔利村的近事男们对世尊说:“尊者,客堂已铺设完毕,座位已安置,水罐已放好,油灯已点燃。世尊,现在请您斟酌恰当的时候吧。”那时,世尊在傍晚时分,穿好下衣,持钵与上衣,与大比丘僧团一起前往那间客堂;到了之后,洗过足,进入客堂,靠着中间的柱子,面向东方坐下。比丘僧团也洗过足,进入客堂,靠着后墙,面向东方,以世尊为上首而坐。巴塔利村的近事男们也洗过足,进入客堂,靠着东墙,面向西方,以世尊为上首而坐。巴利 注疏 2
Atha kho bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘āyāmānanda, yena pāṭaligāmo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi . Atha kho bhagavā mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena pāṭaligāmo tadavasari. Assosuṃ kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā – ‘‘bhagavā kira pāṭaligāmaṃ anuppatto’’ti. Atha kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘adhivāsetu no, bhante, bhagavā āvasathāgāra’’nti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena āvasathāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sabbasanthariṃ āvasathāgāraṃ santharitvā āsanāni paññapetvā udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā telapadīpaṃ āropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘sabbasantharisanthataṃ , bhante, āvasathāgāraṃ, āsanāni paññattāni, udakamaṇiko patiṭṭhāpito, telapadīpo āropito; yassadāni, bhante, bhagavā kālaṃ maññatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ . Nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena āvasathāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā majjhimaṃ thambhaṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi. Bhikkhusaṅghopi kho pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā pacchimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi bhagavantameva purakkhatvā. Pāṭaligāmikāpi kho upāsakā pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā puratthimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya pacchimābhimukhā nisīdiṃsu bhagavantameva purakkhatvā.
149 那时,世尊对巴塔利村的近事男们说:“居士们,破戒、戒行缺失者,有五种过患。哪五种呢?居士们,破戒、戒行缺失者,因放逸故,会招致巨大的财产损失。这是破戒、戒行缺失者的第一种过患。巴利 注疏 2
Atha kho bhagavā pāṭaligāmike upāsake āmantesi – ‘‘pañcime, gahapatayo, ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Katame pañca? Idha, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno pamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahatiṃ bhogajāniṃ nigacchati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
“再者,居士们,破戒、戒行缺失者,会招来恶名。这是破戒、戒行缺失者的第二种过患。”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlassa sīlavipannassa pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati. Ayaṃ dutiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
“再者,居士们,破戒、戒行有缺的人,无论前往哪种集会——无论是刹帝利的集会、婆罗门的集会、居士的集会,还是沙门的集会——他总是胆怯羞愧,失去自信。这就是破戒、戒行缺失者的第三种过患。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati – yadi khattiyaparisaṃ yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ yadi gahapatiparisaṃ yadi samaṇaparisaṃ – avisārado upasaṅkamati maṅkubhūto. Ayaṃ tatiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
“再者,居士们,破戒、戒行有缺的人,临命终时心意迷乱。这就是破戒、戒行缺失者的第四种过患。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno sammūḷho kālaṅkaroti. Ayaṃ catuttho ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
“再者,居士们,破戒、戒行有缺的人,在身坏命终之后,会投生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。这就是破戒、戒行缺失者的第五种过患。居士们,这便是破戒、戒行缺失者的五种过患。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Ayaṃ pañcamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Ime kho, gahapatayo, pañca ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.
持戒的利益巴利
Sīlavanttaānisaṃsā
150 “居士们,持戒、戒行圆满的人,有这五种利益。是哪五种呢?居士们,持戒、戒行圆满的人,因不放逸而获得广大财富。这是持戒、戒行圆满者的第一种利益。巴利 注疏 2
‘‘Pañcime , gahapatayo, ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Katame pañca? Idha, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno appamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ adhigacchati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
“再者,居士们,持戒、戒行圆满的人,善美的声誉远播四方。这是持戒、戒行圆满者的第二种利益。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavato sīlasampannassa kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati. Ayaṃ dutiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
“再者,居士们,持戒、戒行圆满的人,无论前往哪一种众会——不论是刹帝利众会、婆罗门众会、居士众会,还是沙门众会——都自信前往,毫无怯畏。这是持戒、戒行圆满者的第三种利益。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati – yadi khattiyaparisaṃ yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ yadi gahapatiparisaṃ yadi samaṇaparisaṃ visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto. Ayaṃ tatiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
“再者,居士们,持戒、戒行圆满的人,命终之时心不迷乱。这是持戒、戒行圆满者的第四种利益。巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno asammūḷho kālaṅkaroti. Ayaṃ catuttho ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.
“再者,居士们,持戒、戒行圆满的人,身坏命终之后,将投生于善趣、天界。这是持戒、戒行圆满者的第五种利益。居士们,这便是持戒、戒行圆满者的五种利益。”巴利
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Ayaṃ pañcamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Ime kho, gahapatayo, pañca ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāyā’’ti.
151 那时,世尊在夜间大半时分向巴吒厘村的在家居士们说法开示,教导、鼓舞、策励他们,令他们欢喜踊跃,然后遣散他们,说道:“居士们,夜已深了,请便吧。”
“是的,尊者。”巴吒厘村的在家居士们回应世尊后,从座起身,礼敬世尊,右绕一圈,随后离去。在他们离去后不久,世尊走进一座空屋。巴利 注疏 2
Atha kho bhagavā pāṭaligāmike upāsake bahudeva rattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uyyojesi – ‘‘abhikkantā kho, gahapatayo, ratti, yassadāni tumhe kālaṃ maññathā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho pāṭaligāmikā upāsakā bhagavato paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu pāṭaligāmikesu upāsakesu suññāgāraṃ pāvisi.
华氏城的建造巴利
Pāṭaliputtanagaramāpanaṃ
152 那时,摩揭陀的大臣苏尼特(Sunidha) 与跋沙咖拉正在巴吒厘村筑城,以防御跋耆人。当时,数千天人在巴吒厘村占取宅地。凡大威德天人占取的宅地,便有大威德的国王、王臣们倾向于在那里建造住所;凡中等威德天人占取的宅地,便有中等威德的国王、王臣们倾向于在那里建造住所;凡低等威德天人占取的宅地,便有低等威德的国王、王臣们倾向于在那里建造住所。世尊以清净、超人的天眼,看见那些天人在巴吒厘村占取宅地。清晨,世尊起身后,对具寿阿难说:“阿难,是谁在巴吒厘村筑城?”
“尊者,是摩揭陀的大臣苏尼特与跋沙咖拉正在巴吒厘村筑城,用以防御跋耆人。”
“阿难,他们仿佛是与三十三天诸天神商议后,筑成此城。阿难,我以清净、超人的天眼,看见那些天人在巴吒厘村占取宅地。凡大威德天人占取之处,便有大威德的国王、王臣们倾向于在那里建造住所;凡中等威德天人占取之处,便有中等威德的国王、王臣们倾向于在那里建造住所;凡低等威德天人占取之处,便有低等威德的国王、王臣们倾向于在那里建造住所。阿难,凡圣境所及、商路所及之处,此处将成为第一城——华氏子商埠。然而,华氏子城将有三难:火、水,或内部不和。”巴利 注疏 2
Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāya. Tena samayena sambahulā devatāyo sahasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhanti. Yasmiṃ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, mahesakkhānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, majjhimānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, nīcānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Addasā kho bhagavā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tā devatāyo sahasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo. Atha kho bhagavā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ke nu kho , ānanda, pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpentī’’ti ? ‘‘Sunidhavassakārā, bhante, magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāyā’’ti. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, ānanda, devehi tāvatiṃsehi saddhiṃ mantetvā, evameva kho, ānanda, sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāya. Idhāhaṃ, ānanda, addasaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sambahulā devatāyo sahasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo. Yasmiṃ , ānanda, padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, mahesakkhānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, majjhimānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, nīcānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yāvatā, ānanda, ariyaṃ āyatanaṃ yāvatā vaṇippatho idaṃ agganagaraṃ bhavissati pāṭaliputtaṃ puṭabhedanaṃ . Pāṭaliputtassa kho, ānanda, tayo antarāyā bhavissanti – aggito vā udakato vā mithubhedā vā’’ti.
153 那时,摩揭陀大臣苏尼特与跋沙咖拉来至世尊处,与世尊互致问候,彼此亲切寒暄、忆念叙谈之后,退立一旁。立于一旁后,摩揭陀大臣苏尼特与跋沙咖拉如此禀告世尊:“愿乔达摩尊者今日与比丘僧团一同应允接受我们的饮食供养。”世尊以默然表示允诺。摩揭陀大臣苏尼特与跋沙咖拉了知世尊已应允后,便返回各自的住处。返回住处后,他们在自己的住处备办了精细的硬食与软食,继而差人前往世尊处告知时辰,说道:“乔达摩尊者,时辰已到,饮食已备妥。”巴利 注疏 2
Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu, ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘adhivāsetu no bhavaṃ gotamo ajjatanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā yena sako āvasatho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sake āvasathe paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesuṃ – ‘‘kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti.
那时,世尊于午前时分着下衣,持钵与衣,与比丘僧团一同前往摩揭陀大臣苏尼特与跋沙咖拉的住处。到达后,在敷设好的座位上落座。那时,苏尼特与跋沙咖拉两位摩揭陀大臣亲手以殊胜的硬食与软食供养以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,令其满足、完全饱足。那时,苏尼特与跋沙咖拉两位摩揭陀大臣见世尊食毕、钵已放下,便取一低座,坐于一旁。坐于一旁后,世尊以这些偈颂对他们表示随喜——巴利
Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena sunidhavassakārānaṃ magadhamahāmattānaṃ āvasatho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesuṃ sampavāresuṃ. Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho sunidhavassakāre magadhamahāmatte bhagavā imāhi gāthāhi anumodi –
“ 无论在何处,贤智之人设立住处时,
于此供养具戒者与自制梵行者。
“ 彼处一切天神,应将布施回向他们;
受到供养的她们供养他,受到尊敬的她们尊敬他。
“ 之后,他们会悲悯他,犹如母亲悲悯自己的亲生子;
为诸天神所悲愍的人,常得见诸吉祥。”巴利
‘‘Yasmiṃ padese kappeti, vāsaṃ paṇḍitajātiyo; Sīlavantettha bhojetvā, saññate brahmacārayo . ‘‘Yā tattha devatā āsuṃ, tāsaṃ dakkhiṇamādise; Tā pūjitā pūjayanti , mānitā mānayanti naṃ. ‘‘Tato naṃ anukampanti, mātā puttaṃva orasaṃ; Devatānukampito poso, sadā bhadrāni passatī’’ti.
那时,世尊以这些偈颂随喜摩揭陀大臣苏尼特与跋沙咖拉后,便从座起身离去。巴利
Atha kho bhagavā sunidhavassakāre magadhamahāmatte imāhi gāthāhi anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
154 那时,摩揭陀大臣苏尼特与跋沙咖拉跟随在世尊身后,心想:“今天沙门乔达摩从哪一道门出去,那道门就将名为乔达摩门;他从哪一个渡口渡过恒河(Gaṅgā) ,那个渡口就将名为乔达摩渡口。”随后,世尊所出的那道门,便被称为乔达摩门。
那时,世尊前往恒河。当时恒河的水正好齐岸,连乌鸦都能饮到。众人有的在寻找船只,有的在寻找浮囊,有的在捆扎木筏,想从此岸渡到彼岸。随后,世尊犹如一位大力士屈伸手臂一般,从恒河此岸消失,与比丘僧团一起在彼岸显现。
世尊看见那些人——有的在找船,有的在找浮囊,有的在绑筏——想要从此岸渡到彼岸。那时,世尊了知其中的义理,就在那一刻,说出此偈:巴利 注疏 2
Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti – ‘‘yenajja samaṇo gotamo dvārena nikkhamissati, taṃ gotamadvāraṃ nāma bhavissati. Yena titthena gaṅgaṃ nadiṃ tarissati, taṃ gotamatitthaṃ nāma bhavissatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā yena dvārena nikkhami , taṃ gotamadvāraṃ nāma ahosi. Atha kho bhagavā yena gaṅgā nadī tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena gaṅgā nadī pūrā hoti samatittikā kākapeyyā. Appekacce manussā nāvaṃ pariyesanti, appekacce uḷumpaṃ pariyesanti, appekacce kullaṃ bandhanti apārā , pāraṃ gantukāmā. Atha kho bhagavā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – gaṅgāya nadiyā orimatīre antarahito pārimatīre paccuṭṭhāsi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. Addasā kho bhagavā te manusse appekacce nāvaṃ pariyesante appekacce uḷumpaṃ pariyesante appekacce kullaṃ bandhante apārā pāraṃ gantukāme. Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
“ 那些渡越海洋与湍流的人,早已筑好桥梁,将沼泽弃于身后;
世人还在捆扎木筏,有智慧的人已经渡过了。”巴利
‘‘Ye taranti aṇṇavaṃ saraṃ, setuṃ katvāna visajja pallalāni; Kullañhi jano bandhati , tiṇṇā medhāvino janā’’ti.
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