大分别摄论之注释显示巴利原文
Mahāvibhaṅgasaṅgahakathāvaṇṇanā
4 4. 如是令听者投入于听闻后,为显示如所承诺的进一步抉择,而说「欲邪行」等。「有几种罪」者,此是已见相应、未见显示、疑惑断除、随许、欲说此五种问之中的欲说问。触犯三种罪,是对彼问的简略回答。显示巴利原文
4. Evaṃ sotujanaṃ savane niyojetvā yathāpaṭiññātaṃ uttaravinicchayaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘methuna’’ntiādi. ‘‘Kati āpattiyo’’ti ayaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanā, adiṭṭhajotanā, vimaticchedanā, anumati, kathetukamyatāpucchāti pañcannaṃ pucchānaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchā. Tisso āpattiyo phuseti tassā saṅkhepato vissajjanaṃ.
5 5. 如是以计数方式显示后,「于有」等是以自相方式显示。「于田」者,于三道中任一处,乃至芝麻种子许的湿润处所。「行欲邪行者成巴拉基咖」是连结。「说为土喇咤亚」是文义结合。「于大半消失时」者,此仅是例示,因于半消失时亦说土喇咤亚,如前所说。「于圆形口中,未触而入生支者为恶作」是文义结合。显示巴利原文
5. Evaṃ gaṇanāvasena dassitānaṃ ‘‘bhave’’tiādi sarūpato dassanaṃ. Khetteti tiṇṇaṃ maggānaṃ aññatarasmiṃ allokāse tilabījamattepi padese. Methunaṃ paṭisevantassa pārājikaṃ bhaveti sambandho. ‘‘Thullaccaya’’nti vuttanti yojanā. ‘‘Yebhuyyakkhāyite’’ti idaṃ nidassanamattaṃ, upaḍḍhakkhāyitepi thullaccayassa heṭṭhā vuttattā. Vaṭṭakate mukhe aphusantaṃ aṅgajātaṃ pavesentassa dukkaṭaṃ vuttanti yojanā.
6 「取不与物」等句,亦如前说。显示巴利原文
6.‘‘Adinnaṃādiyanto’’tiādayopi vuttanayāyeva.
7 「于五马萨咖价值或」者:即古代青色咖哈巴纳的四分之一,计为五马萨咖,或与其等值之物。「或更多」者:即超过五马萨咖,或与其等值之物。其义为:于不与物,以二十五种盗取法中的任何一种取走者,成巴拉基咖;于一马萨咖、不足一马萨咖或与其等值之物,则为恶作。「从彼中间」者:从五马萨咖的中间。五马萨咖合计,或五马萨咖的合计称为五马萨咖;五马萨咖价值称为五马萨咖价值;五马萨咖与五马萨咖价值,即五马萨咖价值,此乃一言而余留之说。「或马萨咖」者:此处亦应说马萨咖与马萨咖价值为马萨咖马萨咖价值,然仅说「马萨咖」,亦属一言而余留,且应了知后词省略。显示巴利原文
7.Pañcamāsagghane vāpīti porāṇakassa nīlakahāpaṇassa catutthabhāgasaṅkhāte pañcamāse, tadagghanake vā. Adhike vāti atirekapañcamāsake vā tadagghanake vā. Adinne pañcavīsatiyā avahārānaṃ aññatarena avahaṭe parājayo hotīti attho. Māse vā ūnamāse vā tadagghanake vā dukkaṭaṃ. Tato majjheti pañcamāsakato majjhe. Pañca māsā samāhaṭā, pañcannaṃ māsānaṃ samāhāroti vā pañcamāsaṃ, pañcamāsaṃ agghatīti pañcamāsagghanaṃ, pañcamāsañca pañcamāsagghanañca pañcamāsagghanaṃ, ekadesasarūpekasesoyaṃ, tasmiṃ. Māse vāti etthāpi māso ca māsagghanakañca māsamāsagghanakoti vattabbe ‘‘māse’’ti ekadesasarūpekaseso, uttarapadalopo ca daṭṭhabbo.
「于五马萨咖价值」句:虽总说为共相,然实应依古代青色咖哈巴纳的四分之一而安立五马萨咖。诚然,世尊在制定第二巴拉基咖时,问一位曾为古代司法大臣而出家的比丘:「摩揭陀王频婆娑罗以价值多少之物捕获盗贼后,或杀、或缚、或逐?」他答:「以巴达或巴达价值之物。」即依此量制定不与取戒。于注疏中说:显示巴利原文
‘‘Pañcamāsagghane’’ti sāmaññena vuttepi porāṇakassa nīlakahāpaṇasseva catutthabhāgavasena pañcamāsaniyamo kātabbo. Tathā hi bhagavatā dutiyapārājikaṃ paññāpentena bhikkhūsu pabbajitaṃ purāṇavohārikamahāmattaṃ bhikkhuṃ ‘‘kittakena vatthunā rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro coraṃ gahetvā hanati vā bandhati vā pabbājeti vā’’ti pucchitvā tena ‘‘pādena vā pādārahena vā’’ti vutte teneva pamāṇena adinnaṃ ādiyantassa paññattaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyañca –
「五摩沙迦为波陀」者,引律文后说:「尔时于王舍城,二十摩沙迦为一迦利沙槃,故五摩沙迦为一波陀。」以此特征,应知于一切国土,迦利沙槃的四分之一名为「波陀」。且此是依古代青色迦利沙槃而言,非依其他兜嗘陀摩尼钱等。以此波陀,过去诸佛亦制定波罗夷,未来诸佛亦将制定。一切诸佛于波罗夷事或波罗夷无有差别,即此四种波罗夷事、此四种波罗夷,无有少于或多于此者。是故世尊呵责檀尼迦后,即依波陀制第二波罗夷时,宣说「若比丘,以盗心取不与物」等。显示巴利原文
‘‘Pañcamāsako pādoti pāḷiṃ ulliṅgitvā ‘tadā rājagahe vīsatimāsako kahāpaṇo hoti, tasmā pañcamāsako pādo’. Etena lakkhaṇena sabbajanapadesu kahāpaṇassa catuttho bhāgo ‘pādo’ti veditabbo. So ca kho porāṇakassa nīlakahāpaṇassa vasena, na itaresaṃ dudradāmakādīnaṃ. Tena hi pādena atītā buddhāpi pārājikaṃ paññapesuṃ, anāgatāpi paññapessanti. Sabbabuddhānañhi pārājikavatthumhi vā pārājike vā nānattaṃ natthi, imāneva cattāri pārājikavatthūni, imāneva cattāri pārājikāni, ito ūnaṃ vā atirekaṃ vā natthi. Tasmā bhagavāpi dhaniyaṃ vigarahitvā pādeneva dutiyapārājikaṃ paññapento ‘yo pana bhikkhu adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhāta’ntiādimāhā’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.88) vuttaṃ.
《义灯疏》中亦云:显示巴利原文
Sāratthadīpaniyañca –
「『第四分为波陀』应如是知」——即以此义说明:于一切地方,迦利沙槃的二十分之一即是摩沙迦,此义已如是说,应如是见。应知:符合古师典籍、具足特征而铸造者,即是青色迦利沙槃。由兜嗘陀摩尼所造者,即是兜嗘陀摩尼钱。据说其值青色迦利沙槃的三分之二。继而言:「于未有青色迦利沙槃之处,亦唯应依青色迦利沙槃为准而确定。如何确定?取与青色迦利沙槃等价之物——无论流通于瓦兰迦那地方,或非流通于瓦兰迦那地方,但凡以等价流通者——取其与青色迦利沙槃等值,再取其四分之一之价值,即确定为其波陀之价值,应作如是判定」,此义已说。显示巴利原文
‘‘Catuttho bhāgo pādoti veditabboti imināva sabbajanapadesu kahāpaṇasseva vīsatimo bhāgomāsakoti idañca vuttameva hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Porāṇasatthānurūpaṃ lakkhaṇasampannā uppāditā nīlakahāpaṇāti veditabbā. Dudradāmena uppādito dudradāmako. So kira nīlakahāpaṇassa tibhāgaṃ agghatī’ti vatvā ‘yasmiṃ padese nīlakahāpaṇā na santi, tatthāpi nīlakahāpaṇavaseneva paricchedo kātabbo. Kathaṃ? Nīlakahāpaṇānaṃ vaḷañjanaṭṭhāne ca avaḷañjanaṭṭhāne ca samānaagghavasena pavattamānaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ nīlakahāpaṇena samānagghaṃ gahetvā tassa catutthabhāgagghanakaṃ nīlakahāpaṇassa pādagghanakanti paricchinditvā vinicchayo kātabbo’’ti (sārattha. ṭī. 2.88) ayamatthova vutto.
这里所说的迦利沙槃,制作者或以纯金、或以纯银、或以纯铜、或以金银铜的合金而造。这些当中,怎样的迦利沙槃才称为青色迦利沙槃呢?有些人说指金迦利沙槃,有些人说指混合迦利沙槃。其中,主张金迦利沙槃者的意趣是:依波罗夷事所涉的波陀,应在一切处保持同一标准;由于时间、地点、受用等差别而产生的价值差异,仅是波陀本身的不同。因为世尊对于不与取波罗夷的制定,是随顺如法诸王对此所施的杀、缚、驱摈等惩罚方式,并非依其他。所以,这一标准于一切时、一切处毫无变异,故应将金迦利沙槃的四分之一作为波陀。显示巴利原文
Ettha kahāpaṇaṃ nāma karontā suvaṇṇenapi karonti rajatenapi tambenapi suvaṇṇarajatatambamissakenapi . Tesu kataraṃ kahāpaṇaṃ nīlakahāpaṇanti? Keci tāva ‘‘suvaṇṇakahāpaṇa’’nti. Keci ‘‘missakakahāpaṇa’’nti. Tattha ‘‘suvaṇṇakahāpaṇa’’nti vadantānaṃ ayamadhippāyo – pārājikavatthunā pādena sabbattha ekalakkhaṇena bhavitabbaṃ, kāladesaparibhogādivasena agghanānattaṃ pādasseva bhavitabbaṃ. Bhagavatā hi dhammikarājūhi hananabandhanapabbājanānurūpeneva adinnādāne pārājikaṃ paññattaṃ, na itarathā. Tasmā esā sabbadā sabbattha abyabhicārīti suvaṇṇamayassa kahāpaṇassa catutthena pādena bhavitabbanti.
然而,持‘混合迦利沙槃’之说者的意趣则是:显示巴利原文
‘‘Missakakahāpaṇa’’nti vadantānaṃ pana ayamadhippāyo –
在注疏中说:显示巴利原文
Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ –
当时在王舍城,二十摩沙迦为一迦利沙钵那,因此五摩沙迦为一波陀。依此特征,在一切地区,迦利沙钵那的四分之一应知为‘波陀’。并且,这是依据古代的青色迦利沙钵那而定,并非依据其他杜德拉达摩迦等。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tadā rājagahe vīsatimāsako kahāpaṇo hoti, tasmā pañcamāsako pādo. Etena lakkhaṇena sabbajanapadesu kahāpaṇassa catuttho bhāgo ‘pādo’ti veditabbo. So ca kho porāṇakassa nīlakahāpaṇassa vasena, na itaresaṃ dudradāmakādīna’’nti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.88) –
因已如上所说,且《义灯疏》亦云:显示巴利原文
Vuttattā, sāratthadīpaniyañca –
应知:符合古师典籍、具足特相而制造者,即是‘青色迦利沙钵那’。显示巴利原文
‘‘Porāṇasatthānurūpaṃ lakkhaṇasampannā uppāditā nīlakahāpaṇāti veditabbā’’ti (sārattha. ṭī. 2.88) –
既然已这样说过,而且根据“在律的决择中遇到了严重情况,应依重者而立”这句话,可知混合的迦哈巴那便是青色迦哈巴那。那上面确实可见古师所制定的特征。具体如何呢?以五摩娑的黄金、等量的白银、十摩娑的铜,将这些合计二十摩娑混合后,为了使之结合而投入米粒大小的铁,再印上文字、大象等任一形相而制成的货币,因为没有过失,所以称为青色迦哈巴那。显示巴利原文
Vuttattā ca ‘‘vinayavinicchayaṃ patvā garuke ṭhātabba’’nti vacanato ca missakakahāpaṇoyeva nīlakahāpaṇo. Tattheva hi porāṇasatthavihitaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ dissati. Kathaṃ? Pañca māsā suvaṇṇassa, tathā rajatassa, dasa māsā tambassāti ete vīsati māse missetvā bandhanatthāya vīhimattaṃ lohaṃ pakkhipitvā akkharāni ca hatthiādīnamaññatarañca rūpaṃ dassetvā kato niddosattā nīlakahāpaṇo nāma hotīti.
在“学处分别抉择”中,有些典籍依据前派论者的见解,写下了“‘巴达’者,即五摩娑之金”的文句;而另一些典籍则依第二派论者的见解,写下了“五摩娑之金钱”的文句。然而,在以僧伽罗语由古代师者所写的沙马内拉学处中——显示巴利原文
Sikkhābhājanavinicchaye ca kesuci potthakesu ‘‘pādo nāma pañca māsā suvaṇṇassā’’ti purimapakkhavādīnaṃ matena pāṭho likhito. Kesuci potthakesu dutiyapakkhavādīnaṃ matena ‘‘pañca māsā hiraññassā’’ti pāṭho likhito. Sīhaḷabhāsāya porāṇakehi likhitāya sāmaṇerasikkhāya pana –
“所谓‘古代的青色迦哈巴纳’这一注疏用语,以及与名为《宝经》的古代经典中所说的迦哈巴纳特征相符合,‘混合金、银、铜而铸造的迦哈巴纳,名为迦哈巴纳’。并且,在作出‘对于沙马内拉与受具足戒者,在‘不与取巴拉基咖’这件事上有什么区别?’的提问后,显示‘沙马内拉即便以十迦哈巴纳线也构成巴拉基咖,而受具足戒者则以黄金二十米粒量。’”显示巴利原文
‘‘Porāṇakassa nīlakahāpaṇassāti vuttaaṭṭhakathāvacanassa, porāṇake ratanasuttābhidhānakasutte vuttakahāpaṇalakkhaṇassa ca anurūpato ‘suvaṇṇarajatatambāni missetvā uṭṭhāpetvā katakahāpaṇaṃ kahāpaṇaṃ nāmā’ti ca ‘sāmaṇerānamupasampannānañca adinnādānapārājikavatthumhi ko viseso’ti pucchaṃ katvā ‘sāmaṇerānaṃ dasikasuttenāpi pārājiko hoti, upasampannānaṃ pana suvaṇṇassa vīsativīhimattenā’’ti –
由此而显示了其中的差别。显示巴利原文
Ca viseso dassito.
然而,以金马萨咖为准,该值为二又二分之一马萨咖,而世尊是以五马萨咖制定巴拉基咖的。因此,由于具有上述特征的咖哈巴纳在各地都无法获得,为令各地比丘皆得利益,便依各地共通的混合咖哈巴纳中相当于五马萨咖四分之一的金价,来界定巴拉基咖事,如此即以金来限定巴拉基咖事的范围。此一规则,被采纳为僧伽罗诸师之说的精要。是故,凡重视学处、于诸处护戒清净的持律者,皆应以此判决为要义而信受。此处又有偈颂——显示巴利原文
Taṃ pana suvaṇṇamāsakavasena aḍḍhatiyamāsakaṃ hoti, pañcamāsakena ca bhagavatā pārājikaṃ paññattaṃ. Tasmā tassa yathāvuttalakkhaṇassa kahāpaṇassa sabbadesesu alabbhamānattā sabbadesasādhāraṇena tassa missakakahāpaṇassa pañcamāsapādagghanakena suvaṇṇeneva pārājikavatthumhi niyamite sabbadesavāsīnaṃ upakārāya hotīti evaṃ suvaṇṇeneva pārājikavatthuparicchedo kato. Ayameva niyamo sīhaḷācariyavādehi sāroti gahito. Tasmā sikkhāgarukehi sabbattha pesalehi vinayadharehi ayameva vinicchayo sārato paccetabbo. Honti cettha –
“依金、银、铜,据论典所示之相,
不减损而制成者,为二十摩沙重的青色迦利沙波拏。
它由一份金、一份银、两份铜,
混合后赋予形相,依论典所示而制立。
‘瑕疵’名为过失,因无有过失,故如是称之;
其足价值二十个维哈咖单位的黄金。
然而在那个不通行咖哈巴那币的地方,
应知价值二十金谷之物,即是足价。
比丘若从彼处盗取价值二十金谷之物;
沙门功德便失,精通律者如是说。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Hemarajatatambehi, satthe niddiṭṭhalakkhaṇaṃ; Ahāpetvā kato vīsa-māso nīlakahāpaṇo. Hemapādaṃ sajjhupādaṃ, tambapādadvayañhi so; Missetvā rūpamappetvā, kātuṃ satthesu dassito. ‘Elā’ti vuccate doso, niddosattā tathīrito; Tassa pādo suvaṇṇassa, vīsavīhagghano mato. Yasmiṃ pana padese so, na vattati kahāpaṇo; Vīsasovaṇṇavīhagghaṃ, tappādagghanti vediyaṃ. Vīsasovaṇṇavīhagghaṃ, thenentā bhikkhavo tato; Cavanti sāmaññaguṇā, iccāhu vinayaññuno’’ti.
9 “堕入”即坑穴。应连结成“生于苦中”。显示巴利原文
9.Opātanti āvāṭaṃ. Dukkhe jāteti yojanā.
10 “上人法”:此处当作“上人法”,依语法规则,省略中间词并添入随韵鼻音,故说为“上人法”。上人,即禅修者与圣者之法,名为上人法。“引向自己”:将彼法引向自身而宣称“我具此”,或将自身引向彼法而宣称“我现于此”,故名引向自己。即引向自身,此言为关联。显示巴利原文
10.Uttariṃ dhammanti ettha ‘‘uttarimanussadhamma’’nti vattabbe niruttinayena majjhapadalopaṃ, niggahītāgamañca katvā ‘‘uttariṃ dhamma’’nti vuttaṃ. Uttarimanussānaṃ jhāyīnañceva ariyānañca dhammaṃ uttarimanussadhammaṃ. Attupanāyikanti attani taṃ upaneti ‘‘mayi atthī’’ti samudācaranto, attānaṃ vā tattha upaneti ‘‘ahaṃ ettha sandissāmī’’ti samudācarantoti attupanāyiko, taṃ attupanāyikaṃ, evaṃ katvā vadantoti sambandho.
11 “方便”:指以“凡住在你寺院中的比丘是阿拉汉”等方便之说。“知”:对所说法对象,有智之人不久即知。“若不”:若不知。显示巴利原文
11.Pariyāyeti ‘‘yo te vihāre vasati, so bhikkhu arahā’’tiādinā (pari. 287) pariyāyabhaṇane. Ñāteti yaṃ uddissa bhaṇati, tasmiṃ viññumhi manussajātike acirena ñāte. No ceti no ce jānāti.
13 “思”指策动、着手、脱离。若三支具足,则说为重罪。“二支之思”指策动、着手,若未脱离,如是二支具足时,则为偷兰遮——这是结合解释。“方便”指施设方便后着手而支分尚未成就,或对他人发出教令等;如此,即属自作、教他作的方便。显示巴利原文
13. Ceteti, upakkamati, muccati, evaṃ aṅgattaye puṇṇe garukaṃ vuttaṃ. Dvaṅge ceteti, upakkamati yadi na muccati, evaṃ aṅgadvaye thullaccayanti yojanā. Payogeti payojetvā upakkamituṃ aṅgajātāmasanaṃ, parassa āṇāpananti evarūpe sāhatthikāṇattikapayoge.
14 “依前所说方式,层层提问即可了知”——故作此说者不欲复言,故说“从此以后”等。我等亦只就此前未说及、其义未明之处加以解释。显示巴利原文
14. Vuttanayeneva uparūpari pañhāpucchanaṃ ñātuṃ sakkāti taṃ avattukāmo āha ‘‘ito paṭṭhāyā’’tiādi. Mayampi yadettha pubbe avuttamanuttānatthañca, tadeva vaṇṇayissāma.
15 “以身”者:即以自己之身。“身”者:指女人之身。此理于“身缚”等词语中亦同。显示巴利原文
15.Kāyenāti attano kāyena. Kāyanti itthiyā kāyaṃ. Esa nayo ‘‘kāyabaddha’’nti etthāpi.
16 “若以自己身所系缚之物,触碰到女人身所系缚之物,则是恶作”,这是将律文连接起来的解释。显示巴利原文
16. Attano kāyena paṭibaddhena itthiyā kāyapaṭibaddhe phuṭṭhe tu dukkaṭanti yojanā.
17 “有三种罪”一句,乃是连接性的说明。所谓“二道”,即大便道与小便道。显示巴利原文
17.Tisso āpattiyo siyunti yojanā. Dvinnaṃ maggānanti vaccamaggapassāvamaggānaṃ.
18 “以容貌等而说”,即以容貌等而言说。“若对与身体相关之物,以容貌等而说,则是恶作”,这是把文句贯连起来的解释。显示巴利原文
18.Vaṇṇādibhaññeti vaṇṇādinā bhaṇane. Kāyapaṭibaddhe vaṇṇādinā bhaññe dukkaṭanti yojanā.
19 “为自欲行”:指为满足自己的欲乐而作的侍奉。显示巴利原文
19.Attakāmacariyāyāti attakāmapāricariyāya.
20 “即使在黄门面前,为满足自欲的侍奉而赞叹容貌,那比丘……”这是连接句。至于“即使在畜生面前”一句,道理也是如此。显示巴利原文
20. Paṇḍakassa santikepi attakāmapāricariyāya vaṇṇaṃ vadato tassa bhikkhunoti yojanā. Tiracchānagatassāpi santiketi etthāpi eseva nayo.
21 “若比丘在男女之间传递消息,成就传递之事,且具足接受、探问、回报与执事等行,佛陀便宣说此为重罪。”这是连接句。显示巴利原文
21. Itthipurisānamantare sañcarittaṃ sañcaraṇabhāvaṃ samāpanne bhikkhumhi paṭiggaṇhanavīmaṃsāpaccāharaṇakattike sampanne tassa budho garukaṃ niddiseti yojanā.
22 「二支结合」者,是指于此三者中,两支以任何方式结合。「然而于一支存在时」者,是指三者中仅有一支存在时。显示巴利原文
22.Dvaṅgasamāyogeti tīsvetesu dvinnaṃ aṅgānaṃ yathākathañci samāyoge. Aṅge sati panekasminti tiṇṇamekasmiṃ pana aṅge sati.
24 「努力」者:从为“我将建造未指定地基、超过标准的小屋,以及未指定地基的大住所”之事而前往山林准备资具开始,在这一切加行之中。「一钵食未至」者,是就所有最后的那一钵食而说的。显示巴利原文
24.Payogeti ‘‘adesitavatthukaṃ pamāṇātikkantaṃ kuṭiṃ, adesitavatthukaṃ mahallakavihārañca kāressāmī’’ti upakaraṇatthaṃ araññagamanato paṭṭhāya sabbapayoge. Ekapiṇḍe anāgateti sabbapariyantimaṃ piṇḍaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
25 此处应连接为:于此,若有比丘以无根的波罗夷法而诽谤。显示巴利原文
25. Idha yo bhikkhu amūlakena pārājikena dhammena anuddhaṃsetīti yojanā.
26 「未请求许可」:指未由那位比丘请求许可,如未说:「具寿,请允许我,我有话想对您说。」显示巴利原文
26.Okāsaṃna ca kāretvāti ‘‘karotu me, āyasmā, okāsaṃ, ahaṃ te vattukāmo’’ti evaṃ tena bhikkhunā okāsaṃ akārāpetvā.
28 「别分」:指在以「别分」一词所标示的学处中。同样地,在其他类似之处,其义也应如此理解。显示巴利原文
28.Aññabhāgiyeti aññabhāgiyapadena upalakkhitasikkhāpade. Evaṃ aññatrapi īdisesu ṭhānesu attho veditabbo.
29 「仅以劝告」:这是词的分割。「不舍弃」:即不舍弃。显示巴利原文
29. ‘‘Samanubhāsanāya evā’’ti padacchedo. Na paṭinissajanti appaṭinissajanto.
30 应解为:作白时犯恶作,作两番甘马语时犯偷兰遮,甘马语结束时犯重罪。“偷兰遮”是偷兰遮罪的标示语。显示巴利原文
30. Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṃ āpanno siyā, dvīhi kammavācāhi thullataṃ āpanno siyā, kammavācāya osāne garukaṃ āpanno siyāti yojanā. ‘‘Thullata’’nti idaṃ thullaccayāpattiupalakkhaṇavacanaṃ.
31 于四种“乃至第三次”中,先示第一之罪分别,余三与此同一分别,故于彼处以所说方法引而明之,遂说“随顺破僧者”等。显示巴利原文
31. Catūsu yāvatatiyakesu paṭhame āpattiparicchedaṃ dassetvā itaresaṃ tiṇṇaṃ tenapi ekaparicchedattā tattha vuttanayameva tesu atidisanto āha ‘‘bhedānuvattake’’tiādi.
32 “过量衣”者:得衣而未决意、未作净,其量已达可作净之限,过十日者,犯一舍堕。离三衣而住,乃至一夜,亦犯一舍堕。此依种类说为一,然罪应依物品之数分别。显示巴利原文
32.Atirekacīvaranti anadhiṭṭhitaṃ, avikappitaṃ vikappanupagapamāṇaṃ cīvaraṃ laddhā dasāhaṃ atikkamanto ekameva nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ āpajjati. Ticīvarena ekarattimpi vinā vasanto ekameva nissaggiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ āpajjati. Idañca jātivasena ekattaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ vatthugaṇanāya āpattīnaṃ paricchinditabbattā.
33 “取非时衣”:受取非时衣。“月”:若有期待,允许存放一个月。“超过”:即使有期待,若超过期限,或于月内未作决意、未作净持而超过三十日,即从衣生起日之黎明算起,至第三十一日黎明升起之义。“犯一尼萨耆亚罪”:应理解为“已说”。显示巴利原文
33.Gahetvākālacīvaranti akālacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā. Māsanti satiyā paccāsāya nikkhipituṃ anuññātaṃ māsaṃ. Atikkamantoti satiyāpi paccāsāya vītikkamanto antomāse anadhiṭṭhahitvā, avikappetvā vā tiṃsadivasāni atikkamanto, cīvaruppādadivasaṃ aruṇaṃ ādiṃ katvā ekatiṃsamaṃ aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpentoti attho. Ekaṃ nissaggiyaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjatīti udīritanti yojanā.
34 “非亲里比丘尼”。“任何旧衣”:即使仅穿过一次的僧伽帝等任何一种衣。显示巴利原文
34.Aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā. Yaṃkiñci purāṇacīvaranti ekavārampi paribhuttaṃ saṅghāṭiādīnamaññataraṃ cīvaraṃ.
35 “在作务中”:指比丘命令“洗涤”等时的作务,以及被如此命令的比丘尼在生火等一切作务中。“尼萨耆亚即波逸提”:应理解为“尼萨耆亚且波逸提”。显示巴利原文
35.Payogasminti ‘‘dhovā’’tiādike bhikkhuno āṇattikapayoge, evaṃ āṇattāya ca bhikkhuniyā uddhanādike sabbasmiṃ payoge ca. ‘‘Nissaggiyāva pācitti hotīti nissaggiyā pācitti ca hotīti yojanā.
36 “受取”者,此处应与“除交换外”连接。显示巴利原文
36.Paṭigaṇhatoti ettha ‘‘aññatra pārivattakā’’ti yojanā.
38 “在努力中”者,指在乞求的努力中。“已乞求”者,指已乞求之衣,在已获得时。显示巴利原文
38.Payogasminti viññāpanapayoge. Viññāpiteti viññāpitacīvare paṭiladdhe.
39 “比丘”者,指衣被劫夺或衣已丢失的比丘。“超过那个”者,即超逾了内衣与上衣的极限。显示巴利原文
39.Bhikkhūti acchinnacīvaro vā naṭṭhacīvaro vā bhikkhu. Taduttarinti santaruttaraparamato uttariṃ.
41 “在努力中”:指在作净和犯戒的努力中。显示巴利原文
41.Payogeti vikappanāpajjanapayoge.
42 “二”:应连接为“触犯二罪”,即以恶作和波逸提所摄的两种罪。显示巴利原文
42.Duveti dukkaṭapācittiyavasena duve āpattiyo phuseti yojetabbaṃ.
44 “在努力中”:指从已许可的努力起,进入超额完成的努力中。“得”:于获得衣时。显示巴利原文
44.Payogeti anuññātapayogato atirekābhinipphādanapayoge. Lābheti cīvarassa paṭilābhe.
45 “于憍奢耶品等最初五学处中,二二罪”,应如此连接。“于努力中”,指在自作或令作的努力中。“得”,指在自作或令作完成时。显示巴利原文
45. Kosiyavaggassa ādīsu pañcasu sikkhāpadesu dve dve āpattiyoti yojanā. Payogeti karaṇakārāpanapayoge. Lābheti katvā vā kāretvā vā pariniṭṭhāpane.
46 “取羊毛”一句,是词句的分解。“超过”,指正在超过。显示巴利原文
46. ‘‘Gahetvā eḷakalomānī’’ti padacchedo. Atikkamanti atikkamanto.
47 “令他”,指对非亲里比丘尼。“令洗羊毛”一句,是词句的分解。“羊毛”,即羊的毛。依语法规则,ka 音节发生转换。“于努力中”,指在令洗的加行中。显示巴利原文
47.Aññāyāti aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā. ‘‘Dhovāpeti eḷalomaka’’nti padacchedo. Eḷalomakanti eḷakalomāni. Niruttinayena ka-kārassa vipariyāyo. Payogeti dhovāpanapayoge.
48 “努力”者:即于受取中的努力。显示巴利原文
48.Payogeti paṭiggaṇhanapayoge.
49 “种种方式”者,种种差别也。“入”者,正在进入的比丘。“已入”者,在交易中已进入时。“努力”者,于进入中的努力。显示巴利原文
49.Nānākāranti nānappakāraṃ. Samāpajjanti samāpajjanto bhikkhu. Samāpanneti saṃvohāre samāpanne sati. Payogeti samāpajjanapayoge.
50 “努力”者,谓于买卖违犯中的努力。“于彼作”者,谓于彼物品作成自己所有。显示巴利原文
50.Payogeti kayavikkayāpajjanapayoge. Tasmiṃ kateti tasmiṃ bhaṇḍe attano santakabhāvaṃ nīte.
51 “过量”者,指未决意、或未作净的钵。若比丘超过十日,唯犯一尼萨耆罪,此为连接。显示巴利原文
51.Atirekakanti anadhiṭṭhitaṃ, avikappitaṃ vā pattaṃ. Dasāhaṃ atikkamentassa tassa bhikkhuno ekāva nissaggiyāpatti hotīti yojanā.
52-3 “无五种系缚”者,谓无此五种系缚;于彼,即指未满五种系缚之钵。“在努力中”者,谓在乞求的努力中。“彼钵”者,于获得时、得到时。显示巴利原文
52-3. Natthi etassa pañca bandhanānīti apañcabandhano, tasmiṃ, ūnapañcabandhane patteti attho. Payogeti viññāpanapayoge. Tassa pattassa lābhe paṭilābhe.
54 “药”者,指酥等。显示巴利原文
54.Bhesajjanti sappiādikaṃ.
55 「于精勤」者,即于寻求的精勤。显示巴利原文
55.Payogeti pariyesanapayoge.
56 「于精勤」者,即于夺取、令夺取的精勤。「夺」者,即夺取后执持。显示巴利原文
56.Payogeti acchindanaacchindāpanapayoge. Haṭeti acchinditvā gahite.
57 「触犯两种罪」者,意即:于作务的精勤中犯恶作;以未达最后衣量而于过夜时犯尼萨耆亚,如是触犯两种罪。显示巴利原文
57.Dve panāpattiyo phuseti vāyāpanapayoge dukkaṭaṃ, vikappanupagapacchimacīvarapamāṇena vīte nissaggiyanti dve āpattiyo āpajjatīti attho.
58-9 “然而,若比丘未受邀请而特意前往非亲戚的织工处,对衣作选择”——此处“彼”即指该比丘。犯两种罪,这是毫无疑问的,这是(律文的)连接。“以方便”是指作选择的方便。显示巴利原文
58-9. Yo pana bhikkhu appavārito aññātakasseva tantavāye samecca upasaṅkamitvā cīvare vikappaṃ āpajjanto hoti. Soti so bhikkhu. Dve āpattiyo āpajjati, na saṃsayoti yojanā. Payogeti vikappāpajjanapayoge.
60 “受取了急施衣”,应这样连接。“时”是指衣时。显示巴利原文
60. Accekasaññitaṃ cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvāti yojanā. Kālanti cīvarakālaṃ.
61 “三衣中的任一衣”:即三衣中的任意一件。“家”:指村落中。“放置”:即安放。阿兰若住处的比丘,若将衣放置在其住处的乞食村中,而后离开该衣超过六夜,并住到该住处以外的其他地方,即触犯尼萨耆。应这样连接。显示巴利原文
61.Tiṇṇamaññataraṃ vatthanti tiṇṇaṃ cīvarānaṃ aññataraṃ cīvaraṃ. Ghareti antaraghare. Nidahitvāti nikkhipitvā. Tena cīvarena vinā chārattato adhikaṃ divasaṃ yassa āraññakassa vihārassa gocaragāme taṃ cīvaraṃ nikkhittaṃ, tamhā vihārā aññatra vasanto nissaggiyaṃ phuseti yojanā.
62 “知道是僧团的利养已转归”,指知道此事。显示巴利原文
62. Saṅghikaṃ lābhaṃ pariṇataṃ jānaṃ jānanto.
63 “努力”者,指转归的努力。“一切处”者,指波罗夷等一切学处。“不说初次宣说的遮止”者,意即此处不说《附随》中最初所说的“为何制”之遮止,将其省略。因为该遮止在《附随》中是最初的,虽本应首先宣说,但我想在后面才取用,故先放置;为了显示罪过,将那之后所作的罪过之遮止首先宣说,此为意趣所在。显示巴利原文
63.Payogeti pariṇāmanapayoge. Sabbatthāti pārājikādīsu sabbasikkhāpadesu. Appanāvāraparihānīti parivāre paṭhamaṃ vuttakatthapaññattivārassa parihāpanaṃ, idha avacananti attho, tassa vārassa parivāre sabbapaṭhamattā paṭhamaṃ vattabbabhāvepi tattha vattabbaṃ pacchā gaṇhitukāmena mayā taṃ ṭhapetvā paṭhamaṃ āpattidassanatthaṃ tadanantaro katāpattivāro paṭhamaṃ vuttoti adhippāyo.
64 “人上法”者,即上人法。若以不实的上人法相互交谈,即犯波罗夷,波罗夷罪。显示巴利原文
64.Manussuttaridhammeti uttarimanussadhamme. Abhūtasmiṃ uttarimanussadhamme samullapite parājayo pārājikāpatti.
65 「无根」者,即以无根据的波罗夷法指控比丘,犯重桑喀地谢沙,应如此连接。「转说」者,即以“住在你住处者”等方式婉转而说。「知」者,指对谁说,在说完后立即了知。显示巴利原文
65.Amūlantimavatthunā amūlakena pārājikena dhammena bhikkhuṃ codanāya garu saṅghādiseso hotīti yojanā. Pariyāyavacaneti ‘‘yo te vihāre vasatī’’tiādinā (pari. 287) pariyāyena kathane. Ñāteti yassa katheti, tasmiṃ vacanānantarameva ñāte.
66 「若不了知」者,指在婉转之语后当即不能了知。「总说」者,谓已说。显示巴利原文
66.Noce pana vijānātīti atha taṃ pariyāyena vuttaṃ vacanānantarameva sace na jānāti. Samudāhaṭanti kathitaṃ.
67 辱骂比丘,说有二种罪:辱骂具足戒者,是波逸提;辱骂其余未具足戒者,是恶作,应如此连接。显示巴利原文
67. Omasato bhikkhussa duve āpattiyo vuttā. Upasampannaṃ omasato pācitti siyā. Itaraṃ anupasampannaṃ omasato dukkaṭaṃ siyāti yojanā.
68 68. 于搬弄是非中,亦有二罪。显示巴利原文
68. Pesuññaharaṇepi dve āpattiyo honti.
69 69. “作务”者,从逐句诵法者开始言语造作起,直至诸句完成,在此期间,若有发音作务,则为恶作。于诸句完成时,则为波逸提。显示巴利原文
69.Payogeti padaso dhammaṃ vācentassa vacanakiriyārambhato paṭṭhāya yāva padādīnaṃ parisamāpanaṃ, etthantare akkharuccāraṇapayoge dukkaṭaṃ. Padānaṃ parisamattiyaṃ pācittiyaṃ.
70 70. “超过三夜,与未达上者共宿”——此为词句的分解。与未达上者共宿,即“与未达上者共宿”,于此。超过三夜,与未达上者共宿,此为句的连结。“作务”者,指为了就寝而铺设卧具、转动身体等准备动作中。“卧”者,以舒展身体为特征的躺卧方式,卧于卧具。显示巴利原文
70. ‘‘Tirattā anupasampannasahaseyyāyā’’ti padacchedo. Anupasampannena sahaseyyā anupasampannasahaseyyā, tāya. Tirattā uttariṃ anupasampannasahaseyyāyāti yojanā. Payogeti sayanatthāya seyyāpaññāpanakāyāvajjanādipubbapayoge. Panneti kāyapasāraṇalakkhaṇena sayanena nipanne.
71 若比丘于一夜中与女人共宿。「恶作等」是指:在着手进行时犯恶作,躺卧时犯波逸提——如此犯如前所说的两种罪,此为这里的连结。显示巴利原文
71. Yo pana bhikkhu ekarattiyaṃ mātugāmena sahaseyyaṃ kappeti. Dukkaṭādayoti ‘‘payoge dukkaṭaṃ, nipanne pācittiya’’nti yathāvuttadveāpattiyo āpajjatīti yojanā.
72 「努力」:指如前面所说特征的努力。显示巴利原文
72.Payogeti yathāvuttalakkhaṇapayoge.
73 「未达上者」:此为近处格,义为“在近处”。应连接如下:若向未达上者的近处宣说真实的上人法。「恶作等」:若听者未领会,为恶作;若领会,则为波逸提。如此,于彼有这两种罪。显示巴利原文
73.Anupasampanneti samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummaṃ. Anupasampannassa santike bhūtaṃ uttarimanussadhammaṃ yo sace ārocetīti yojanā. Dukkaṭādayoti yassa āroceti, so nappaṭivijānāti, dukkaṭaṃ, paṭivijānāti, pācittiyanti evaṃ dve āpattiyo tassa honti.
74 “向他人”:应向未受具足戒者、或于未受具足戒者面前,宣说其他受具足戒者的粗重罪。“努力”:从最初开始,于前方便中便有恶作;一旦宣说,便为波逸提。显示巴利原文
74.Aññato aññassa upasampannassa duṭṭhullassa āpattiṃ anupasampanne anupasampannassa santike vadaṃ vadantoti yojanā. Payogeti ārambhato paṭṭhāya pubbapayoge dukkaṭaṃ āgacchati dukkaṭaṃ āpajjati. Ārocite pācitti siyāti yojanā.
75 “努力”:如心想“我要掘不净地”而寻找锄头等,一切此类努力皆属之。显示巴利原文
75.Payogeti ‘‘akappiyapathaviṃ khaṇissāmī’’ti kudāla pariyesanādisabbapayogeti.
76 「令倒」者,令破坏。「其」者,有生命村之。巴德帝,于破坏义。显示巴利原文
76.Pātentoti vikopento. Tassāti bhūtagāmassa. Pāteti vikopane.
77 因为异语者与损害者被合在一处宣说,所以依彼处所说的方法,损害者也同样可知;在此处并未单独分别其罪。显示巴利原文
77. Aññavādakavihesakānaṃ ekayoganiddiṭṭhattā tattha vuttanayeneva vihesake ca ñātuṃ sakkāti tattha visuṃ āpattibhedo na vutto.
78 “其他”者,指由僧团认可、担任卧坐处分配者等职务的比丘。“使人轻蔑”者,因欲令该人生起恶名,想让诸比丘轻视他,便说“某甲比丘因贪欲作此事”等语,以轻蔑心使人低看,或以鄙劣心令人起卑劣想。“方便”者,即为了令人轻蔑,在说其过失等之前所行的方便。显示巴利原文
78.Paranti aññaṃ saṅghena sammatasenāsanapaññāpakādikaṃ upasampannaṃ. Ujjhāpentoti tassa ayasaṃ uppādetukāmatāya bhikkhūhi avajānāpetuṃ ‘‘chandāya itthannāmo idaṃ nāma karotī’’tiādīni vatvā avaññāya olokāpento, lāmakato vā cintāpento. Payogeti ujjhāpanatthāya tassa avaṇṇabhaṇanādike pubbapayoge.
83 “在僧团的住处,明知有先到比丘而故意侵坐其卧坐处”,应连接为“他如此为其铺设卧坐处”。“方便恶作等”中,此为不离复合词。以“等”字含摄侵坐卧坐处时的波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
83. Saṅghike vihāre pubbūpagataṃ bhikkhuṃ jānaṃ jānanto anupakhajja seyyaṃ kappeti, tassevaṃ seyyaṃ kappayatoti yojanā. Payogedukkaṭādayoti ettha aluttasamāso. Ādi-saddena seyyākappane pācittiyaṃ saṅgaṇhāti.
84 “方便”者,是指“把他拖出去”等命令语,或“走,走”等言语,或以手触其身分等所作的身行等驱出方便。“其余”者,即波逸提。显示巴利原文
84.Payogeti ‘‘nikkaḍḍhatha ima’’ntiādike āṇattike vā ‘‘yāhi yāhī’’tiādike vācasike vā hatthena tassa aṅgaparāmasanādivasena kate kāyike vā nikkaḍḍhanapayoge. Sesanti pācittiyaṃ.
85 “在重阁房的上层”,此为句读分段。“有脚的床”:此处应补“于床或于椅”。“坐”者,正在坐下者。“恶作等”者,意谓招致如下罪:方便时恶作,躺卧时波逸提。显示巴利原文
85. ‘‘Vehāsakuṭiyā uparī’’ti padacchedo. Āhaccapādaketi ettha ‘‘mañce vā pīṭhe vā’’ti seso. Sīdanti nisīdanto. Dukkaṭādayoti payoge dukkaṭaṃ, nipajjāya pācittiyanti imā āpattiyo phuseti attho.
86 “彼偈的第一句为十音节句,是韵律学中所说的偈颂”,依“偈颂韵律超过二”这一韵律学的特征,因为它是偈颂韵律,故在“二三次第”中,当知增多了二音节。“方便”:在铺设方便中。“已铺设”:在二三次第之上作铺设时。显示巴利原文
86. Assa pajjassa paṭhamapādaṃ dasakkharapādakaṃ chandovicitiyaṃ vuttagāthā, ‘‘gāthāchando atītadvaya’’nti iminā chandovicitilakkhaṇena gāthāchandattā adhiṭṭhitvā dvattipariyāyeti ettha akkharadvayaṃ adhikaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Payogeti adhiṭṭhānapayoge. Adhiṭṭhiteti dvattipariyāyānaṃ upari adhiṭṭhāne kate.
87 “方便”者,指浇水或令人浇水的方便。“已浇”者,指浇水行为完成之时。显示巴利原文
87.Payogeti siñcanasiñcāpanapayoge. Sitteti siñcanakiriyapariyosāne.
88 “触犯恶作”者,是连结。“若教诫则巴吉帝亚”者,是连结。显示巴利原文
88. Dukkaṭaṃ phuseti yojanā. Ovadite pācitti siyāti yojanā.
89 分别本身即是分别性。显示巴利原文
89. Vibhāgoyeva vibhāgatā.
90 「对非亲属比丘尼,除交换外,施与衣之比丘,触犯二罪」者,是连接之意。「努力」者,指施与的努力。显示巴利原文
90.Aññātikāya bhikkhuniyā aññatra pārivattakā cīvaraṃ dento bhikkhu duve āpattiyo phuseti yojanā. Payogeti dānapayoge.
93 「船一」者,是词语之分解。「努力」者,指登上的努力。「恶作等」者,以『等』字收录登上后的巴吉帝亚。显示巴利原文
93. ‘‘Nāvaṃ eka’’nti padacchedo. Payogeti abhiruhaṇapayoge. Dukkaṭādayoti ādi-saddena abhiruḷhe pācittiyaṃ saṅgaṇhāti.
94 「二种罪」者,是词语之分解。显示巴利原文
94. ‘‘Duvidhaṃ āpatti’’nti padacchedo.
96 “比丘与比丘尼共坐于隐秘处,即触犯加行恶作等二罪”,此为连结。显示巴利原文
96. Bhikkhuniyā saddhiṃ raho nisajjaṃ kappento bhikkhu payogedukkaṭādayo dvepi āpattiyo phuseti yojanā.
97 “从那之后”:即从允许受食的那一日之后,由第二日开始。“紧接之品”:即教诫品。“第九”:即比丘尼煮食学处。显示巴利原文
97.Taduttarinti tato bhuñjituṃ anuññātaekadivasato uttariṃ dutiyadivasato paṭṭhāya. Anantarassa vaggassāti ovādavaggassa. Navamenāti bhikkhuniyā paripācitapiṇḍapātasikkhāpadena.
99 “二三钵”:即满二钵或三钵。“从那之后”:即从满二钵或三钵之后。“加行”:即受取时的加行。显示巴利原文
99.Dvattipatteti dvattipattapūre. Taduttarinti dvattipattapūrato uttariṃ. Payogeti paṭiggahaṇapayoge.
101 「被持来」是指持来之后。显示巴利原文
101.Abhihaṭṭhunti abhiharitvā.
102 「彼的」是指持来者的。「藏」是指律藏之中。显示巴利原文
102.Tassāti abhiharantassa. Piṭaketi vinayapiṭake.
103 「第十也」者,此处是「第十」与「也」的分解。显示巴利原文
103.Dasamepīti ettha ‘‘dasame apī’’ti padacchedo.
104 「裸行者等」:「等」字含摄所说的「或游方者或女游方者」。「食物等」:「等」字含摄副食。「加行」:指亲手布施的加行。显示巴利原文
104.Acelakādinoti ādi-saddena ‘‘paribbājakassa vā paribbājikāya vā’’ti (pāci. 270) vutte saṅgaṇhāti. Bhojanādikanti ādi-saddena khādanīyaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Payogeti sahatthā dānapayoge.
105 「使与或不使与任何利养」。「加行」:指遣使的加行。「于彼」:于彼比丘。「被遣使时,波逸提」,此为连结。显示巴利原文
105.Dāpetvā vā adāpetvā vā kiñci āmisaṃ. Payogeti uyyojanapayoge. Tasminti tasmiṃ bhikkhumhi. Uyyojite pācitti siyāti yojanā.
109 「超越门槛」:指越过门槛。显示巴利原文
109.Ummārātikkameti indakhīlātikkame.
110 “超过彼”的意思,是指从所限定的夜间界限之后,或从所限定的药物界限之后,更行超过。显示巴利原文
110.Taduttarinti tato paricchinnarattipariyantato vā paricchinnabhesajjapariyantato vā uttariṃ.
111 “为观看已出发的军队而前往者,犯二罪”,这是连接文。显示巴利原文
111. Uyyuttaṃ dassanatthāya gacchanto dve āpattiyo phuseti yojanā.
114 “mereyya”即 meraya。依语法规则,a 转为 e,ya 则成重叠。或 mereyya 一词为 meraya 的同义词。“牟尼”指比丘。显示巴利原文
114.Mereyyanti merayaṃ. Niruttinayena a-kārassa e-kāro, ya-kārassa ca dvittaṃ. Meraya-saddapariyāyo vā mereyya-saddo. Munīti bhikkhu.
115 「比丘以指戳」:此为词之分解。「作用」:指使之发笑的作用。「他的」:指那发笑者。显示巴利原文
115. ‘‘Bhikkhu aṅgulipatodenā’’ti padacchedo. Payogeti hāsāpanapayoge. Tassāti hāsāpentassa.
116 「踝下」:指在踝骨以下的水中,犯恶作。「踝上」:指超过踝骨,在超过踝骨量的水中,即指水深超过踝骨。显示巴利原文
116. Gopphakā heṭṭhā udake dukkaṭaṃ. Gopphakato upari uparigopphakaṃ, udakaṃ, tasmiṃ, gopphakato adhikappamāṇe udaketi attho.
117 「不恭敬」:指对人不恭敬,或对法不恭敬。「造作」:指以不恭敬为因而发动的身造作或语造作。于已作不恭敬时。显示巴利原文
117.Anādariyanti puggalānādariyaṃ, dhammānādariyaṃ vā. Payogeti anādariyavasena pavatte kāyapayoge vā vacīpayoge vā. Kate anādariye.
118 「努力」:指行恐吓之努力。显示巴利原文
118.Payogeti bhiṃsāpanapayoge.
119 「火」:指火焰。
「点燃后」:指燃烧之后。
此处「使燃烧」一语,是依果说因的方便说法。因为使燃烧的作用是点燃作用的果,所以即以使燃烧之名,指谓点燃作用。因此,「使燃烧」在这里的意思就是「点燃」。
「努力」:指点燃及令点燃的努力。
「已使燃烧」:依前所述之理,意为「已点燃」。显示巴利原文
119.Jotinti aggiṃ. Samādahitvānāti jāletvā. ‘‘Visibbento’’ti iminā phalūpacārena kāraṇaṃ vuttaṃ. Visibbanakiriyā hi samādahanakiriyāya phalanti visibbanakiriyāvohārena samādahanakiriyāva. Tasmā visibbentoti ettha samādahantoti attho. Payogeti samādahanasamādahāpanapayoge. Visīviteti vuttanayena samādahiteti attho.
120 「努力」:指粉末、泥土、和合等一切努力。
「其余」:指波逸提。显示巴利原文
120.Payogeti cuṇṇamattikābhisaṅkharaṇādisabbapayoge. Itaranti pācittiyaṃ.
121 「三种使变坏色者」:即所谓青铜蓝、叶蓝、泥这三种使变坏色者。于彼三者中,不取任何一种,亦不给予。‘衣’:指新衣。显示巴利原文
121.Tiṇṇaṃ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānanti kaṃsanīlapattanīlakaddamasaṅkhātānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṃ. Ekaṃ aññataraṃ anādiya adatvā. Cīvaranti navacīvaraṃ.
122 「此无救拔」者,指无救拔,于应说‘无救拔’之处,因偈颂结构而缩短,意为「未作救拔」。显示巴利原文
122. Natthi etassa uddhāranti anuddhāro, taṃ anuddhāranti vattabbe gāthābandhavasena rassattaṃ, akatapaccuddhāranti attho.
123 「弃置」:即移开之后放置、放下。‘钵等’:以‘等’字包含了衣、坐具、针筒、腰带。‘努力’:指弃置之努力。‘于彼’:对于那钵等五种资具。若已弃置,则对余下资具构成波逸提罪,应如此连接。显示巴利原文
123.Apanidhentoti apanetvā nidhento nikkhipento. Pattādikanti ādi-saddena cīvaranisīdanasūcigharakāyabandhanānaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Payogeti apanidhānapayoge. Tasmiṃ pattādike pañcavidhe parikkhāre. Apanihite sesā pācittiyāpatti siyāti yojanā.
124 “苦行财者”:他具有称为苦行财的巴帝摩卡律仪戒,因此是苦行财者,即比丘。显示巴利原文
124.Tapodhanoti pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlasaṅkhātaṃ tapodhanamassāti tapodhano, bhikkhu.
125 在那个坑中。显示巴利原文
125.Tasmiṃ opāte.
126 “人形”:人身。“畜生趣”:龙或金翅鸟。“彼”:指那个挖坑者。显示巴利原文
126.Manussaviggaho manussasarīro. Tiracchānagato nāgo vā supaṇṇo vā. Tassa opātakhaṇakassa.
127 “敏锐觉智”者,指世尊于一切所知法具有微细的智慧。显示巴利原文
127.Paṭubuddhināti sabbesu ñeyyadhammesu nipunañāṇena bhagavatā.
128 “努力”者,指为了受用的目的,在拿取等行为中所作的加行。“其”者,指该比丘的。显示巴利原文
128.Payogeti paribhogatthāya gahaṇādike payoge. Tassāti bhikkhussa.
129 “举起”者,指抬起,不令其安住于适当之处。“努力”者,指举起的行为。应连接为:在已举起时,犯波逸提。显示巴利原文
129.Ukkoṭentoti uccālento yathāṭhāne ṭhātuṃ adento. Payogeti ukkoṭanapayoge. Ukkoṭite pācittiyaṃ siyāti yojanā.
130 “粗重的过失”指桑喀地谢沙等罪。此处的文句连接应理解为:犯一个波逸提罪。显示巴利原文
130.Duṭṭhullaṃ vajjakanti saṅghādisesādike. Ekaṃ pācittiyaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati iti dīpitanti yojanā.
131 “努力”是指寻求群体等所做的努力。“应得恶作”意为犯恶作罪。“其余”是指在受具足戒时,应犯波逸提罪。由于偈颂结构的缘故,此处省略了前缀。显示巴利原文
131.Payogeti gaṇapariyesanādipayoge. Dukkaṭaṃ patto siyā dukkaṭāpattiṃ āpanno bhaveyyāti attho. Sesāti pācittiyāpatti upasampādite siyā. Gāthābandhavasena upasaggalopo.
132-3 应连接为:明知与盗贼商队约定同行道路者,以及同样地与女人约定同行道路者。“努力”是指约定前往并向对方询问等所做的努力。“已行”是指在道路上已行进时。“无间”是指越过半由旬或村落的间隔之后,即刻无间地。显示巴利原文
132-3. Jānaṃ theyyasatthena saha saṃvidhāya maggaṃ paṭipajjato ca tatheva mātugāmena saha saṃvidhāya maggaṃ paṭipajjato cāti yojanā. Payogeti saṃvidhāya gantuṃ paṭipucchādikaraṇapayoge. Paṭipanneti maggapaṭipanne. Anantaranti addhayojanagāmantarātikkamanānantaraṃ.
134 应结合为:于单白结束时,犯恶作。显示巴利原文
134. Ñattiyā osāne dukkaṭaṃ phuseti yojanā.
135 “未作随法者”:“随法”是指,对于不见罪、不忏悔罪或不舍恶见,依法、依律、依师教而被举罪的比丘,见其随顺行后作还净,此还净即称为“随法”。未作此随法者,即名“未作随法者”。与这样的比丘共食,即此义。“共食者”:指作资具共享的比丘。“努力”:指为食而受取资具等的努力。“已食”:指已共食,即双方共享,或由他们中的任一所作。显示巴利原文
135.Akatānudhammenāti anudhammo vuccati āpattiyā adassane vā appaṭikamme vā pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge vā dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena ukkhittakassa anulomavattaṃ disvā katvā osāraṇā, so osāraṇasaṅkhāto anudhammo yassa na kato, ayaṃ akatānudhammo nāma, tādisena bhikkhunā saddhinti attho. Sambhuñjantoti āmisasambhogaṃ karonto bhikkhu. Payogeti bhuñjituṃ āmisapaṭiggahaṇādipayoge. Bhutteti sambhutte, ubhayasambhoge, tadaññatare vā kateti attho.
136 “诱引”:指通过询问钵、衣等的方式加以摄受。“努力”:指诱引的努力。显示巴利原文
136.Upalāpentoti pattacīvarauddesaparipucchanādivasena saṅgaṇhanto. Payogeti upalāpanapayoge.
137 「与学」:此为作具义中的对格;因应与五种与学者共学,或因属于他们之故,得「与学」之名,即由佛所制学处所称说的意思。「说」:与「比丘」一词同格。显示巴利原文
137.Sahadhammikanti karaṇatthe upayogavacanaṃ, pañcahi sahadhammikehi sikkhitabbattā, tesaṃ vā santakattā ‘‘sahadhammika’’nti laddhanāmena buddhapaññattena sikkhāpadena vuccamānassāti attho. Bhaṇatoti ‘‘bhikkhussā’’ti iminā samānādhikaraṇaṃ.
138 「轻毁」:即通过说「这些微细又微细的学处说了有何用」等言语而呵责。「语加行」:指以「这些有何用」等呵责方式所发起的语加行。「已轻毁」:谓已呵责。显示巴利原文
138.Vivaṇṇentoti ‘‘kiṃ panimehi khuddānukhuddakehi sikkhāpadehi uddiṭṭhehī’’tiādinā garahanto. Payogeti ‘‘kiṃ imehī’’tiādinā garahaṇavasena pavatte vacīpayoge. Vivaṇṇite garahite.
139 「欺诳」:谓以「友,我今始知」等语,以自己不知的状态来显示犯相,从而欺诳比丘,即欺骗之义。「欺诳」:指欺诳的施设业。「已施设」:即已作。显示巴利原文
139.Mohentoti ‘‘idāneva kho ahaṃ, āvuso, jānāmī’’tiādinā attano ajānanattena āpannabhāvaṃ dīpetvā bhikkhuṃ mohento, vañcentoti attho. Moheti mohāropanakamme. Aropite kate.
140 对比丘生嗔而出手打击,即触犯(罪),这是相应的连结解释。‘加行’:指取杖等加行。显示巴利原文
140. Bhikkhussa kupito pahāraṃ dento phuseti yojanā. Payogeti daṇḍādānādipayoge.
141 ‘加行’:此处指宣读的加行。‘已宣读’:即已朗声读出。显示巴利原文
141.Payogeti uggiraṇapayoge. Uggiriteti uccārite.
142 ‘以无根据’:即缺乏见等根据。‘加行’:指给予机会等加行。‘已诽谤’:指已举罪。显示巴利原文
142.Amūlenevāti diṭṭhādimūlavirahiteneva. Yogeti okāsakārāpanādipayoge. Uddhaṃsiteti codite.
143 『令生追悔』,即以“你未满二十岁,我看你(尚未具备条件)即已达上”等语,令对方产生追悔。『作(业)』,指引发追悔的造作。『已引发』,即追悔已被引发。显示巴利原文
143.Kukkuccaṃ janayantoti ‘‘ūnavīsativasso tvaṃ maññe upasampanno’’tiādinā kukkuccaṃ upadahanto. Yogeti kukkuccuppādanapayoge. Uppāditeti kukkucce uppādite.
144 『立于偷听处』,这是词语的拆分。『偷听』,指靠近听闻之处,也就是处于能听得见的范围。显示巴利原文
144. ‘‘Tiṭṭhanto upassuti’’nti padacchedo. Sutiyā samīpaṃ upassuti, savanūpacāreti attho.
145 『然而对如法的羯磨』,是指依于法、依于律、依于师教而作的求听羯磨等四种羯磨。『此后』,即于给出同意之后。『破坏性语言』,为表明自己反对立场的商议。『两种恶作等罪』,即在进行破坏性语言的行为时犯恶作,在破坏性语言说出后犯波逸提,如此则为犯恶作等两种罪。显示巴利原文
145.Dhammikānaṃ tu kammānanti dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena katānaṃ apalokanādīnaṃ catunnaṃ kammānaṃ. Tato punāti chandadānato pacchā. Khīyanadhammanti attano adhippetabhāvavibhāvanamantanaṃ. Dve phuse dukkaṭādayoti khīyanadhammāpajjanapayoge dukkaṭaṃ, khīyanadhamme āpanne pācittiyanti evaṃ dukkaṭādayo dve āpattiyo āpajjeyyāti attho.
146 “于僧团”:即僧团之中。“裁决”:就事项而言,已陷入裁决。“未得结论”:就事项尚未裁决,或单白羯磨已提出而甘马语尚未圆满。显示巴利原文
146.Saṅghe saṅghamajjhe. Vinicchayeti vatthuto otiṇṇavinicchaye. Niṭṭhaṃ agateti vatthumhi avinicchite, ñattiṃ ṭhapetvā kammavācāya vā apariyositāya.
148 “和合僧团”:同一共住、处于同一界内的僧团。显示巴利原文
148.Samaggena saṅghenāti samānasaṃvāsakena samānasīmāyaṃ ṭhitena saṅghena.
150 “未告知”:未告知国王便来。显示巴利原文
150.Aviditohutvāti rañño aviditāgamano hutvā.
152 “宝”者,指珍珠等十种宝物。“作业”者,指取宝的作业。显示巴利原文
152.Ratananti muttādidasavidhaṃ ratanaṃ. Payogeti ratanaggahaṇapayoge.
153 “非时”者,指从正午过后直至黎明。显示巴利原文
153.Vikāleti majjhantikātikkamato paṭṭhāya aruṇe.
155 “骨牙角所成”者,指骨、牙、角所制成的。“作业”者,指令造作的作业。显示巴利原文
155.Aṭṭhidantavisāṇābhinibbattanti aṭṭhidantavisāṇamayaṃ. Payogeti kārāpanapayoge.
156 “若已令造作那些床座,其余则为波逸提罪”,应如此连接。显示巴利原文
156. Tasmiṃ mañcādimhi kārāpite sesā pācittiyāpatti siyāti yojanā.
159 159. 于四应巴底德萨尼法中,日种亲族佛陀亦无差别地以二种方式宣说了罪过,应如此连接。显示巴利原文
159. Catūsu pāṭidesanīyesupi avisesena ādiccabandhunā buddhena dvidhā āpatti niddiṭṭhāti yojanā.
160 160. “一切处”,即于所有四法之中。显示巴利原文
160.Sabbatthāti sabbesu catūsu.
161 161. 应学法的解释,其义理显而易见。显示巴利原文
161. Sekhiyakathā uttānatthāyeva.
162 162. 在《附随》中,首先开示分为十六种的问分,在《大分别》中,“第一波罗夷于何处制定”等分类,是制定处问分;“行不净法者犯何等罪”等分类,是所犯罪问分;“行不净法者之罪在四种失坏中,属何种失坏”等分类,是失坏问分;“行不净法者之罪在七种罪聚中,由几种罪聚所摄”等分类,是摄问分;“行不净法者之罪在六种罪起源中,由几种起源而生”等分类,是起源问分;“行不净法者之罪在四种诤事中,属何种诤事”等分类,是诤事问分;“行不净法者之罪在七种灭诤法中,由几种灭诤法而得止灭”等分类,是止灭问分;紧接其后,与此七种问分相合者,为第八综合问分。在这八种问分中,最初一种名为制定处问分,因其包含的因缘等十七种特相为两部分所共通,将于下文另行宣说,故除去此问分后,紧接其后,依圣典次第,开示不共通的从所犯罪问分直至应学法终;随后,失坏问分等六种问分,也因是两部分所共通,故同样除去这些,而以不连接缘起句的方式显示,即成为八种问分;再者,以“因行不净法之缘,波罗夷于何处制定”等方式连接缘起句而显示,则另有八种问分被连接。显示巴利原文
162. Parivāre paṭhamaṃ dassitasoḷasavārappabhede mahāvibhaṅge ‘‘paṭhamaṃ pārājikaṃ kattha paññatta’’ntiādippabhedo (pari. 1) katthapaññattivāro , ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanto kati āpattiyo āpajjatī’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 157) katāpattivāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo catunnaṃ vipattīnaṃ kati vipattiyo bhajantī’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 182) vipattivāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 182) saṅgahavāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo channaṃ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṃ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhahantī’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 184) samuṭṭhānavāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo catunnaṃ adhikaraṇānaṃ katamaṃ adhikaraṇa’’ntiādippabhedo (pari. 185) adhikaraṇavāro, ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevantassa āpattiyo sattannaṃ samathānaṃ katihi samathehi sammantī’’tiādippabhedo (pari. 186) samathavāro, tadanantaro imehi sattahi vārehi misso aṭṭhamo samuccayavāroti imesu aṭṭhasu vāresu ādibhūte katthapaññattināmadheyye appanāvāre saṅgahetabbānaṃ nidānādisattarasalakkhaṇānaṃ ubhayavibhaṅgasādhāraṇato upari vakkhamānattā taṃ vāraṃ ṭhapetvā tadanantaraṃ asādhāraṇaṃ katāpattivāraṃ sekhiyāvasānaṃ pāḷikkamānurūpaṃ dassetvā tadanantarā vipattivārādayo cha vārā ubhayavibhaṅgasādhāraṇato vakkhamānāti katvā tepi ṭhapetvā ime paccayasaddena ayojetvā dassitā aṭṭheva vārā, puna ‘‘methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanapaccayā pārājikaṃ kattha paññatta’’ntiādinā (pari. 188) paccaya-saddaṃ yojetvā dassitā apare aṭṭha vārā yojitāti tatthāpi dutiyaṃ katāpattipaccayavāraṃ iminā katāpattivārena ekaparicchedaṃ katvā dassetumāha ‘‘paññattā’’tiādi. Paṭisevanapaccayāti paṭisevanahetunā.
163 163. “湿润处进入”:是指在活着的身体中,进入三道中任一道的湿润处。以“或”字,则指在死者、已毁坏者或大部分已毁坏者的情形中进入,行不净法的比丘触犯波罗夷——应如此连接句义。显示巴利原文
163.Allokāsappavesaneti jīvamānasarīre tiṇṇaṃ maggānaṃ aññatarasmiṃ magge allokāsappavesane. Mate akkhāyite vā pi-saddena yebhuyyaakkhāyite pavesane pavesananimittaṃ methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanto bhikkhu pārājikaṃ phuseti sambandho.
164 同样,在“大部分已毁坏”和“半已毁坏”的情形中,行淫法的比丘犯偷兰遮,应如是连接。在“圆形口”中,名为恶作,应如是连接。“树胶丸”者:若给予比丘尼树胶丸,则犯波逸提,应如是连接。显示巴利原文
164. Tathā yebhuyyakkhāyite, upaḍḍhakkhāyite ca methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevanto bhikkhu thullaccayaṃ phuseti yojanā. Vaṭṭakate mukhe dukkaṭaṃ vuttanti sambandho. Jatumaṭṭhaketi bhikkhuniyā jatumaṭṭhake dinne pācitti vuttāti sambandho.
166 “染心者”:谓因身触贪而浸染者。“男子”:是就抓取行为而言的属格。“比丘尼”:是就自身而言的属格。应补上“自己的”。连接如下:若染心男子捉持自己腋下等处,而比丘尼接受者,彼染心比丘尼即犯波罗夷。显示巴利原文
166.Avassutassāti kāyasaṃsaggarāgena tintassa. Posassāti gahaṇakiriyāsambandhe sāmivacanaṃ. Bhikkhuniyāti attasambandhe sāmivacanaṃ. ‘‘Attano’’ti seso. Avassutena posena attano adhakkhakādigahaṇaṃ sādiyantiyā tathā avassutāya bhikkhuniyā pārājikanti yojanā.
167 “以身”:用自己的身体。“身”:指女人的身体。“触”:由于身触的贪染而触摸。对于“以身、以身相系”等,此处也同理。显示巴利原文
167.Kāyenāti attano kāyena. Kāyanti mātugāmassa kāyaṃ. Phusatoti kāyasaṃsaggarāgena phusato. Kāyena kāyabaddhanti etthāpi eseva nayo.
168 “以身相系者”,即与自己的身体相系者。“相系”是指:若触及女人身体相系的部分,则犯恶作。这是就那位比丘而言。显示巴利原文
168.Kāyena paṭibaddhenāti attano kāyapaṭibaddhena. Paṭibaddhanti itthiyā kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ phusantassa dukkaṭaṃ. Tassa bhikkhussa.
“大分别摄集已毕”,为何这样说呢?难道不是仅在十六番摄集中,说了大分别中的犯缘事,而未说其余诸事吗?确实如此。然而,这是用部分指代整体的借代说法。应知:犯缘事本身即是显示大分别中所有共通与不共通一切犯科差别的借代基础,展示了犯缘事,也就等于展示了其余;由于展示了犯缘事,其余非主要的诸事也就借此一并得到了展示,所以才那样说。显示巴利原文
‘‘Mahāvibhaṅgasaṅgaho niṭṭhito’’ti kasmā vuttaṃ, nanu soḷasavārasaṅgahe mahāvibhaṅge katāpattivāroyevettha vutto, na itare vārāti? Saccaṃ, avayave pana samudāyopacārena vuttaṃ. Sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇānaṃ mahāvibhaṅge gatānaṃ sabbāpattipabhedānaṃ dassanopacārabhūto katāpattivāro dassitoti taṃdassanena appadhānā itarepi vārā upacārato dassitā hontīti ca tathā vuttanti veditabbaṃ.