6. 鱼肉抉择论
6. Macchamaṃsavinicchayakathā
38如此讲说了摄受家族的判定后,现在为了说明鱼肉的判定,故说“然而,于鱼肉中”等。此中,一置于陆地便死,或为渔夫等所杀者,名为鱼。属于鱼的部分,名为鱼肉;被触摸、被接触者,名为肉。鱼与肉,合称鱼肉。然而,于鱼肉中的判定应如此了知——这是连接。“以‘鱼’之名取”,在此不应作排除。“然而”一词,乃另一方面的意思,即从卧坐等的判定之外,应知鱼肉的判定,这是其含义。依此而取,即是“取”。那是什么呢?是声音。“鱼”之取,即是依“鱼”这个声音而取——也就是以“鱼”这个名称,这是其含义。“然而,于肉中……乃至……是不允许的”,在此,人肉因是同类而被禁止。象肉、马肉,因属王家而被禁止;狗肉、蛇肉,因令人生厌而被禁止;其余野兽之肉,则为了免除比丘的障难而被禁止。
38. Evaṃ kulasaṅgahavinicchayaṃ kathetvā idāni macchamaṃsavinicchayaṃ kathetuṃ ‘‘macchamaṃsesu panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha thale ṭhapitamatte marati, kevaṭṭādīhi vā māriyatīti maccho. Macchassa idanti macchaṃ, masiyate āmasiyateti maṃsaṃ, macchañca maṃsañca macchamaṃsāni, tesu. Macchamaṃsesu pana vinicchayo evaṃ veditabboti yojanā. Macchaggahaṇenāti ettha niddhāraṇaṃ na kātabbaṃ. Pana-saddo pakkhantarattho, divāseyyādīsu vinicchayato aparo macchamaṃsesu vinicchayo veditabboti attho. Gayhate anenāti gahaṇaṃ. Kiṃ taṃ? Saddo, macchaiti gahaṇaṃ macchaggahaṇaṃ, tena macchaggahaṇena, macchasaddenāti attho. Maṃsesu pana…pe… akappiyānīti ettha manussamaṃsaṃ samānajātimaṃsato paṭikkhittaṃ. Hatthiassānaṃ maṃsāni rājaṅgato, sunakhaahīnaṃ jegucchabhāvato, sesānaṃ vāḷamigattā bhikkhūnaṃ paribandhavimocanatthaṃ paṭikkhittanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“三边清净”者,即由称为见、闻、疑的这三种边、三种行相、三种原因而清净,也就是解脱的意思。其中,未见与未闻,应从其非眼识、耳识的所缘性来了知。而未疑又该如何了知?说“然而,未疑”等,即了知三种疑之后,以对治那些的方式来知悉未疑,这是其含义。现在为了详细显示那三种疑,以及比丘们在有疑时应作的规范,并依此规范在未疑时的应作性,故说“如何”等。此中,以见而疑,称为见疑;以闻而疑,称为闻疑;既未见、未闻,而以推理、推论而疑,则称为离彼二者之疑。那三种疑,就疑的共性而言成为一边,从中解脱者,即说为未疑。如此,未见、未闻、未疑的鱼肉,便是三边清净。
Tikoṭiparisuddhanti diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitasaṅkhātāhi tīhi koṭīhi tīhi ākārehi tīhi kāraṇehi parisuddhaṃ, vimuttanti attho. Tattha adiṭṭhaasutāni cakkhuviññāṇasotaviññāṇānaṃ anārammaṇabhāvato jānitabbāni. Aparisaṅkitaṃ pana kathaṃ jānitabbanti āha ‘‘aparisaṅkitaṃ panā’’tiādi, tīṇi parisaṅkitāni ñatvā tesaṃ paṭipakkhavasena aparisaṅkitaṃ jānitabbanti attho. Idāni tāni tīṇi parisaṅkitāni ca evaṃ parisaṅkite sati bhikkhūhi kattabbavidhiñca tena vidhinā aparisaṅkite sati kattabbabhāvañca vitthārato dassetuṃ ‘‘katha’’ntiādimāha . Tattha disvā parisaṅkitaṃ diṭṭhaparisaṅkitaṃ nāma. Sutvā parisaṅkitaṃ sutaparisaṅkitaṃ nāma. Adisvā asutvā takkena anumānena parisaṅkitaṃ tadubhayavinimuttaparisaṅkitaṃ nāma. Taṃ tividhampi parisaṅkitasāmaññena ekā koṭi hoti, tato vimuttaṃ aparisaṅkitaṃ nāma. Evaṃ adiṭṭhaṃ asutaṃ aparisaṅkitaṃ macchamaṃsaṃ tikoṭiparisuddhaṃ hoti.
“网”是捕鱼的罗网。“罗网”是捕兽的罗网。“允许”的意思是:若依他们的话而疑虑消除,便允许;但不得将彼言说曲解为某种方便而使之看似许可。正因如此,才会说“凡于何处生起无疑者,彼一切皆允许”。“流通肉”,即于市场等处流通的、待售之肉,或已死之肉。“吉祥等”,以“等”字含摄供养、款待等事。“仅为比丘们的利益而作”,此中的“仅”字,若照此连接则不合理,应连接为“为比丘们的利益而作的仅”,因此应了知:将比丘们与吉祥等事混同而作,也是不允许的。然而有些人说“取其为如实的判定即允许”,那并非善说。“凡于何处生起无疑者”,即便判为是为比丘们的利益而作,也以一切方式显其无疑性。
Jālaṃ macchabandhanaṃ. Vāgurā migabandhinī. Kappatīti yadi tesaṃ vacanena saṅkā nivattati, vaṭṭati, na taṃ vacanaṃ lesakappaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Teneva vakkhati ‘‘yattha ca nibbematiko hoti, taṃ sabbaṃ kappatī’’ti. Pavattamaṃsanti āpaṇādīsu pavattaṃ vikkāyikaṃ vā matamaṃsaṃ vā. Maṅgalādīnanti ādi-saddena āhunapāhunādike saṅgaṇhāti. Bhikkhūnaṃyeva atthāya akatanti ettha aṭṭhānappayutto eva-saddo, bhikkhūnaṃ atthāya akatamevāti sambandhitabbaṃ, tasmā bhikkhūnañca maṅgalādīnañcāti missetvā katampi na vattatīti veditabbaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘yathāṭhitavasena avadhāraṇaṃ gahetvā vaṭṭatī’’ti vadanti, taṃ na sundaraṃ. Yattha ca nibbematiko hotīti bhikkhūnaṃ atthāya katepi sabbena sabbaṃ parisaṅkitābhāvamāha.
39为阐明此义,故说“然而若”等。“对其他允许”:对不知者允许,对知者则有罪。“正是那些”:即为他们所作,正是那些。为显示为指定者所作之肉的受用与不允许肉的受用之间的差别,故说“然而不允许肉”等。前者为有心罪,后者为无心罪。因此言“即使不知而食用不允许肉者亦属有罪”。根据“受用时问明而后用,或取后问明方才应用”的说法,不知而接受不允许肉者在接受时无罪,此已成立。然而唯说不知而受用者有罪。以“他们说”一语显示无罪。
39. Tamevatthaṃ āvikātuṃ ‘‘sace panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Itaresaṃ vaṭṭatīti ajānantānaṃ vaṭṭati, jānatovettha āpatti hotīti. Teyevāti ye uddissa kataṃ, teyeva. Uddissa katamaṃsaparibhogato akappiyamaṃsaparibhoge visesaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘akappiyamaṃsaṃ panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Purimasmiṃ sacittakāpatti, itarasmiṃ acittakā. Tenāha ‘‘akappiyamaṃsaṃ ajānitvā bhuñjantassapi āpattiyevā’’ti. ‘‘Paribhogakāle pucchitvā paribhuñjissāmīti vā gahetvā pucchitvāva paribhuñjitabba’’nti (vi. saṅga. aṭṭha. 39) vacanato akappiyamaṃsaṃ ajānitvā paṭiggaṇhantassa paṭiggahaṇe anāpatti siddhā. Ajānitvā paribhuñjantasseva hi āpatti vuttā. Vattanti vadantīti iminā āpatti natthīti dasseti.