二、资具抉择论显示巴利原文
2. Parikkhāravinicchayakathā
6 如此解说了日间卧处的判定之后,现在为了解说资具的判定,而说“资具者,沙门资具”等语。于此,引用日间卧处判定论一开始所出现的“于彼”一词,应如此连接:于彼,即于那些论母句中完全安住者,对于“资具”一词,应见其义为“沙门资具”。这一法则于后亦同。所说的是沙门资具,并非在家人的资具,这是其意趣所在。从周边被备办而成,故为资具,如伞等物。“于彼”指在沙门资具中。“允许”的,即是被允许的;不允许的,即是不被允许的;允许与不允许,即是允不允许,智者们认为在持业复合词中也是阳性。允许不允许的,且彼为资具,因此,对它的判定,就是允许不允许资具的判定。显示巴利原文
6. Evaṃ divāseyyavinicchayaṃ kathetvā idāni parikkhāravinicchayaṃ kathetuṃ ‘‘parikkhāroti samaṇaparikkhāro’’tiādimāha. Tattha divāseyyavinicchayakathāya ādimhi vuttaṃ ‘‘tatthā’’ti padaṃ ānetvā tattha tesu mātikāpadesu samabhiniviṭṭhassa ‘‘parikkhāro’’ti padassa ‘‘samaṇaparikkhāro’’ti attho daṭṭhabboti yojanā, esa nayo ito parepi. Samaṇaparikkhāro vutto, na gihiparikkhāroti adhippāyo. Parisamantato kariyateti parikkhāro, chattādiko. Tatrāti samaṇaparikkhāre. Kappatīti kappiyo, na kappiyo akappiyo, kappiyo ca akappiyo ca kappiyākappiyo, samāhāradvandepi pulliṅgamicchanti paṇḍitā. Kappiyākappiyo ca so parikkhāro ceti tathā, tassa vinicchayo kappiyākappiyaparikkhāravinicchayo.
有人认为「多罗叶伞」等仅是举例。若如此制作一切伞,皆不允许。因此在《金刚智复注》中说:「显示令一切资具色泽光滑者,有恶作,故说不允许,应如是知。」「不为色泽光滑」者,此明示:若为坚固而以单色线绑结,虽成色泽光滑,亦无过失。「以尖端」者,指以削刀之刃口。若不允许,得到这样的伞杆应如何处理?故说「或以接合物」等。「或以线缠杆」者,应缠绕令纹路不现起。「杆底」者,在杆根,即伞杆的下端。「伞圆环」者,指伞内的小圆环,或在伞骨架上以环状绑缚的杆环。「刻出」者,指作成凹槽或凸起,使其显现。「彼允许」者:此纹路,无论以绳索绑缚或不绑缚,因是适合绑缚之处,故为允许。因此,阿阇梨佛授大长老说:显示巴利原文
Keci tālapaṇṇacchattanti idaṃ upalakkhaṇamattaṃ. Sabbampi hi chattaṃ tathākariyamānaṃ na vaṭṭati. Tenevāha vajirabuddhiṭīkāyaṃ (vajira. ṭī. pārājika 85) ‘‘sabbaparikkhāresu vaṇṇamaṭṭhavikāraṃ karontassa dukkaṭanti dīpentena na vaṭṭatīti vuttanti veditabba’’nti. Na vaṇṇamaṭṭhatthāyāti iminā thirakaraṇatthaṃ ekavaṇṇasuttena vinandhiyamānaṃ yadi vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ hoti, tattha na dosoti dasseti. Āraggenāti nikhādanamukhena. Yadi na vaṭṭati, tādisaṃ chattadaṇḍaṃ labhitvā kiṃ kātabbanti āha ‘‘ghaṭakaṃ vā’’tiādi. Suttakena vā daṇḍo veṭhetabboti yathā lekhā na paññāyati, tathā veṭhetabbo. Daṇḍabundeti daṇḍamūle, chattadaṇḍassa heṭṭhimakoṭiyanti attho. Chattamaṇḍalikanti chattassa anto khuddakamaṇḍalaṃ, chattapañjare maṇḍalākārena baddhadaṇḍavalayaṃ vā. Ukkiritvāti ninnaṃ, unnataṃ vā katvā uṭṭhāpetvā. Sā vaṭṭatīti sā lekhā rajjukehi bandhantu vā mā vā, bandhituṃ yuttaṭṭhānattā vaṭṭati. Tena vuttaṃ ācariyabuddhadattamahātherena –
任何叶制的伞,无论内外,完全
以五色线缝制,是不允许的。
切割成半月形,或在叶上刻鳄齿纹,
杆上不得有接合饰物或兽形纹路。
接合物、或兽形,或仅为纹路;
或经切割,或经摩擦,持用则为许可。
蛇伞的形状,在杆束处是允许的;
为绑缚而刻出的纹路,是允许的。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Chattaṃ paṇṇamayaṃ kiñci, bahi anto ca sabbaso; Pañcavaṇṇena suttena, sibbituṃ na ca vaṭṭati. ‘‘Chindituṃ aḍḍhacandaṃ vā, paṇṇe makaradantakaṃ; Ghaṭakaṃ vāḷarūpaṃ vā, lekhā daṇḍe na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Sibbituṃ ekavaṇṇena, chattaṃ suttena vaṭṭati; Thiratthaṃ pañcavaṇṇena, pañjaraṃ vā vinandhituṃ. ‘‘Ghaṭakaṃ vāḷarūpaṃ vā, lekhā vā pana kevalā; Chinditvā vāpi ghaṃsitvā, dhāretuṃ pana vaṭṭati. ‘‘Ahicchattakasaṇṭhānaṃ , daṇḍabundamhi vaṭṭati; Ukkiritvā katā lekhā, bandhanatthāya vaṭṭatī’’ti.
对其释义:所谓“任何叶制的伞”,即用多罗叶等叶片覆盖而成的伞。“外”指上方,“内”指下方。“缝”指为了显示形状而作针线缝制。“叶”指覆盖的叶片。“半月”即半月形。“鳄齿”即鳄齿形,也就是所谓的“山峰”。至此,“不允许切割”是下文的总起:若有人为了口缘,或为了绑结叶片的边角,或为了顶部圆环的边角,而制作山峰等形状,此处禁止。“杆”即伞杆。“壶”即壶形。“或兽形”即虎等野兽的形象。“纹路”指以雕刻、切割或绘画方式所作的纹饰行列。在五色线之间,用蓝色等单色线为了牢固而在伞的内外缝制,或为了牢固而绑结伞杆握持处的竹条骨架,这是允许的,此为连接。“以五色中的单色为了牢固”,此句显示:不允许用多色线为了装饰而缝制和绑结。然而,诸写本中见有“以五色”的读法,其连接应作:允许用单色线或五色线为了牢固而缝制或绑结。显示巴利原文
Tassa vaṇṇanāyampi chattaṃ paṇṇamayaṃ kiñcīti tālapaṇṇādipaṇṇacchadanaṃ yaṃ kiñci chattaṃ. Bahīti upari. Antoti heṭṭhā. Sibbitunti rūpaṃ dassetvā sūcikammaṃ kātuṃ. Paṇṇeti chadanapaṇṇe. Aḍḍhacandanti aḍḍhacandākāraṃ. Makaradantakanti makaradantākāraṃ, yaṃ ‘‘girikūṭa’’nti vuccati. Chindituṃ na vaṭṭatīti sambandho. Mukhavaṭṭiyā nāmetvā baddhapaṇṇakoṭiyā vā matthakamaṇḍalakoṭiyā vā girikūṭādiṃ karonti, iminā taṃ paṭikkhittaṃ. Daṇḍeti chattadaṇḍe. Ghaṭakanti ghaṭākāro. Vāḷarūpaṃ vāti byagghādivāḷānaṃ rūpakaṃ vā. Lekhāti ukkiritvā vā chinditvā vā cittakammavasena vā katarāji. Pañcavaṇṇānaṃ suttānaṃ antare nīlādiekavaṇṇena suttena thiratthaṃ chattaṃ anto ca bahi ca sibbituṃ vā chattadaṇḍaggāhakasalākapañjaraṃ thiratthaṃ vinandhituṃ vā vaṭṭatīti yojanā. Pañcavaṇṇānaṃ ekavaṇṇena thiratthanti iminā anekavaṇṇehi suttehi vaṇṇamaṭṭhatthāya sibbituñca vinandhituñca na vaṭṭatīti dīpeti. Potthakesu pana ‘‘pañcavaṇṇenā’’ti pāṭho dissati, tassa ekavaṇṇena pañcavaṇṇena vā suttena thiratthaṃ sibbituṃ vinandhituṃ vā vaṭṭatīti yojanā kātabbā hoti.
此处,与下文“不得用五色线缝制”的文句,以及注疏所说“有些人用五色线在内外缝制多罗叶伞作为装饰,此不允许;但允许用单色线——无论蓝、黄或其他颜色——在内外缝制,或绑缚伞柄握持处的竹条骨架,那只是为了使其坚固,并非装饰”相违,因此不应采纳那种说法。显示巴利原文
Ettha ca heṭṭhā vuttena ‘‘pañcavaṇṇena suttena sibbituṃ na ca vaṭṭatī’’ti pāṭhena ca ‘‘keci tālapaṇṇacchattaṃ anto vā bahi vā pañcavaṇṇena suttena sibbetvā vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ karonti, taṃ na vaṭṭati, ekavaṇṇe pana nīlena vā pītakena vā yena kenaci suttena anto vā bahi vā sibbituṃ, chattadaṇḍaggāhakaṃ salākapañjaraṃ vā vinandhituṃ vaṭṭati, tañca kho thirakaraṇatthaṃ, na vaṇṇamaṭṭhatthāyā’’ti aṭṭhakathāpāṭhena ca virujjhati, tasmā so na gahetabbo.
“或全部刻纹”,即如前所述方式的完整刻纹。“切割”,即切开雕刻所成之物。“磨擦”,即磨去绘画等所成之物。“在杆孔中”,指在伞杆的骨架上为作握持而应劈开的孔,意为在根部。这是此处无疑所阐述的方法。然而在《小学处纲要书》中说“在伞顶的根部”。“蛇伞形状”,指盛开的蛇伞之形。用绳索缠握后绑在杆上,在绑结处雕刻如环,使其显现如环状。“为了绑结”,即为了用绳索将骨架绑在杆上,使之不被风吹动。雕刻而成的刻纹是允许的,此为关联句。如同为了不被风吹动,用绳索缠握伞盘绑在杆上,在绑结处如环一般雕刻而安置刻纹,那是允许的。即使不作绑结,因为那是应绑结之处,雕刻环也是允许的,纲要书中如此说,因此在诸分别中,应依所来之方法处理伞。显示巴利原文
Lekhāvā pana kevalāti yathāvuttappakārā sakalā lekhā vā. Chinditvāti ukkiritvā kataṃ chinditvā. Ghaṃsitvāti cittakammādivasena kataṃ ghaṃsitvā. Daṇḍabundamhīti chattadaṇḍassa pañjare gāhaṇatthāya phālitabundamhi, mūleti attho. Ayamettha nissandehe vuttanayo. Khuddasikkhāgaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘chattapiṇḍiyā mūle’’ti vuttaṃ. Ahicchattakasaṇṭhānanti phullaahicchattakākāraṃ. Rajjukehi gāhāpetvā daṇḍe bandhanti, tasmiṃ bandhanaṭṭhāne valayamiva ukkiritvāti valayaṃ viya upaṭṭhāpetvā. Bandhanatthāyāti vātena yathā na calati, evaṃ rajjūhi daṇḍe pañjarassa bandhanatthāya. Ukkiritvā katā lekhā vaṭṭatīti yojanā. Yathā vātappahārena acalanatthaṃ chattamaṇḍalikaṃ rajjukehi gāhāpetvā daṇḍe bandhanti, tasmiṃ bandhanaṭṭhāne valayamiva ukkiritvā lekhaṃ ṭhapenti, sā vaṭṭatīti. Sacepi na bandhati, bandhanārahaṭṭhānattā valayaṃ ukkiritvā vaṭṭatīti gaṇṭhipade vattantīti āgataṃ, tasmā pakkharaṇesu āgatanayeneva chatte paṭipajjitabbanti.
7 七、“在衣上用各种线”,即使用各色线。这是针对那样做的人而说的,即使使用单色线也不允许。因为说“只有原本的针线活才被允许”。“在布边”,是指两块布的接合处而言的。“在边缘”,指在衣的边缘。此是就顺风而言。“辫”,即发髻形状的缝制。“链”,即双重链形状的缝制,或以猫链形状的缝制。“作辫或链”,此语与制作行为相关联。“阿基亚”,即塔形,也就是所谓的“阿基亚柱”。“咖亚”,指根部细小、顶端粗大,作成棒状的缝制。“木槌”,指根部与顶端同粗,作成木槌形状的缝制。“雕刻螃蟹眼”,在结带和系带的末端打好绳结后,安置成螃蟹眼形状,意指如此制作。“角线球”:三部纲要书中都说,是“结带、系带角落所拉出线的端点”。然而,如何将那些球做成难以辨识的形状?在角落拉出线的末端,以一次打结或再次折回缝制的方式,做成难以辨识的样子,然后应将线端剪短。然而,达摩西利长老说:“角线和球,在衣上应难以辨识。”同样,老师佛护长老也说:“线和球在那里,被解释为应难以辨识。”因此,依据他们的意见,角线和球即是角线球,此处应如此理解其义。显示巴利原文
7. Cīvare pana nānāsuttakehīti (sārattha. ṭī. 2.85; vi. vi. ṭī. 1.85) nānāvaṇṇehi suttehi. Idañca tathā karontānaṃ vasena vuttaṃ, ekavaṇṇasuttakenapi na vaṭṭatiyeva. ‘‘Pakatisūcikammameva vaṭṭatī’’ti hi vuttaṃ. Paṭṭamukheti dvinnaṃ paṭṭānaṃ saṅghaṭitaṭṭhānaṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Pariyanteti cīvarapariyante. Anuvātaṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ. Veṇīti varakasīsākārena sibbanaṃ. Saṅkhalikanti dviguṇasaṅkhalikākārena sibbanaṃ, biḷālasaṅkhalikākārena sibbanaṃ vā. Veṇiṃ vā saṅkhalikaṃ vā karontīti karaṇakiriyāya sambandho. Agghiyaṃ nāma cetiyasaṇṭhānaṃ , yaṃ ‘‘agghiyatthambho’’ti vadanti. Gayā nāma mūle tanukaṃ agge mahantaṃ katvā gadākārena sibbanaṃ. Muggaro nāma mūle ca agge ca ekasadisaṃ katvā muggarākārena sibbanaṃ. Kakkaṭakkhīni ukkirantīti gaṇṭhikapaṭṭapāsakapaṭṭānaṃ ante pāḷibaddhaṃ katvā kakkaṭakānaṃ akkhisaṇṭhānaṃ paṭṭhapenti, karontīti attho. ‘‘Koṇasuttapiḷakāti gaṇṭhikapāsakapaṭṭānaṃ koṇehi nīhaṭasuttānaṃ koṭiyo’’ti tīsupi gaṇṭhipadesu vuttaṃ. Kathaṃ pana tā piḷakā duviññeyyarūpā kātabbāti? Koṇehi nīhaṭasuttānaṃ antesu ekavāraṃ gaṇṭhikakaraṇena vā puna nivattetvā sibbanena vā duviññeyyasabhāvaṃ katvā suttakoṭiyo rassaṃ katvā chinditabbā. Dhammasirittherena pana ‘‘koṇasuttā ca piḷakā, duviññeyyāva kappare’’ti vuttaṃ, tathā ācariyabuddhadattattherenapi ‘‘suttā ca piḷakā tattha, duviññeyyāva dīpitā’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā tesaṃ matena koṇasuttā ca piḷakā ca koṇasuttapiḷakāti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.
《疑惑消除》中也提到“角线球”:有些人说,这是指从结带、系带布的角落向外伸出的线,末端做成球形放置的端点,他们的意思是,应切割这些球,使其变得难以辨识。另一些人则说“角线与球是两种”,依他们的意见,在结带、系带布上,从一角拉到另一角的线称为角线,而沿四周边缘走的四方线则称为球。另有些人将这两种都从衣上分离出来,并作变化使之可辨识。为了遮止那样做,才说“难以辨识的形状是允许的”,但并非完全不可见——因为如果那样缝制,将无法进行。意思是,应这样缝制,使变化从原本的衣上不显现。纵然在染色工序之前显现的差异,在衣染色后,因成单一色调而不显现,因此说“在衣染色后”。显示巴利原文
Vimativinodaniyampi (vi. vi. ṭī. 1.85) koṇasuttapiḷakāti gaṇṭhikapāsakapaṭṭānaṃ koṇehi bahi niggatasuttānaṃ piḷakākārena ṭhapitakoṭiyoti keci vadanti, te piḷake chinditvā duviññeyyā kātabbāti tesaṃ adhippāyo. Keci pana ‘‘koṇasuttā ca piḷakā cāti dveyevā’’ti vadanti, tesaṃ matena gaṇṭhikapāsakapaṭṭānaṃ koṇato koṇaṃ nīhaṭasuttā koṇasuttā nāma. Samantato pana pariyantena gatā caturassasuttā piḷakā nāma. Taṃ duvidhampi keci cīvarato visuṃ paññānatthāya vikārayuttaṃ karonti, taṃ nisedhāya ‘‘duviññeyyarūpā vaṭṭatī’’ti vuttaṃ, na pana sabbathā acakkhugocarabhāvena sibbanatthāya tathāsibbanassa asakkuṇeyyattā, yathā pakaticīvarato vikāro na paññāyati, evaṃ sibbitabbanti adhippāyo. Rajanakammato pubbe paññāyamānopi viseso cīvare ratte ekavaṇṇato na paññāyatīti āha ‘‘cīvare ratte’’ti.
8 八、以宝珠:即以蓝宝石等宝石(磨擦)。有人说,因为肩带、腰带等并非衣,所以允许用贝壳等来磨擦。“角线”:这是指在衣的纵向与横向缝合之处,于四个角和角落中伸出的线头的名称。应先行切割,然后再行披着,因此说“在染色时应切割”。此外,另有一种世尊允许的角线,虽名称相似,但与此不同,为显示此义而说“然而那个”等。“为了悬挂”:即为了在衣绳上绑结衣。《疑惑消除》中仅说了这么多。显示巴利原文
8.Maṇināti nīlamaṇiādipāsāṇena, aṃsabaddhakakāyabandhanādikaṃ acīvarattā saṅkhādīhi ghaṃsituṃ vaṭṭatīti vadanti. Kaṇṇasuttakanti cīvarassa dīghato tiriyañca sibbitānaṃ catūsu kaṇṇesu koṇesu ca nikkhantānaṃ suttasīsānametaṃ nāmaṃ, taṃ chinditvāva pārupitabbaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘rajitakāle chinditabba’’nti. Bhagavatā anuññātaṃ ekaṃ kaṇṇasuttampi atthi, taṃ pana nāmena sadisampi ito aññamevāti dassetuṃ ‘‘yaṃ panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Lagganatthāyāti cīvararajjuyaṃ cīvarabandhanatthāya. Vimativinodaniyaṃ (vi. vi. ṭī. 1.85) ettakameva vuttaṃ.
然而,《义理阐明》中说:“‘应作系扣后绑结’,意思是:应在染色时绑结,其余时间则应解开放置。”《律藏摄论》的古注也采纳了此说。但应知,那是就如下情形而言:在《衣犍度》中记载——“他们从中间悬挂,两边垂下。诸比丘将此事禀告世尊。世尊说:‘诸比丘,我允许系于角。’角破损了。诸比丘再禀告世尊。世尊说:‘诸比丘,我允许角绳。’”如此,这是就染色后展开衣时所用的垂下绳而说的。显示巴利原文
Sāratthadīpaniyaṃ (sārattha. ṭī. 2.85) pana ‘‘pāsakaṃ katvā bandhitabbanti rajanakāle bandhitabbaṃ, sesakāle mocetvā ṭhapetabba’’nti vuttaṃ. Vinayasaṅgahappakaraṇassa porāṇaṭīkāyampi idameva gahetvā vuttaṃ, taṃ pana cīvarakkhandhake (mahāva. 344) ‘‘majjhena laggenti, ubhato galati, bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, kaṇṇe bandhitunti. Kaṇṇo jīrati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, kaṇṇasuttaka’’nti evaṃ anuññātacīvararajjuyaṃ rajitvā pasāritacīvarassa olambakasuttaṃ sandhāya vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
「结扣」者,指为了在披衣时系于系扣,而以象牙等材质所制作的结扣。「圆点」者,指应一点一点凸起而成的圆点。因为在《律藏抉择论》中说:显示巴利原文
Gaṇṭhiketi cīvarapārupanakāle pāsake laggāpanatthaṃ kate dantādimaye gaṇṭhike. Piḷakāti binduṃ binduṃ katvā uṭṭhāpetabbapiḷakā. Vuttañhetaṃ vinayavinicchayappakaraṇe –
若做布纹、纽结石、八角等款式;
于此处,他们制作火焰形、棒形、木槌等。
有结系带的四角布片,是开许的;
衣角处的线,应在染色之后剪断。
针线活计的改动,或其他任何情况;
比丘不得在衣上自作,也不得令他人作。
若比丘投入衣
于米粥、面糊、碱水、树脂等中;
欲求超越色泽者;
他无免于恶作之理。
针、手、垢等,于制作衣时;
同样地,当衣染污垢时,为洗涤故,是允许的。
然而在染色时,香、油或紫胶
于其中添加任何物,对比丘而言,是不允许的。
以螺贝、宝珠或任何其他物品
不应搓揉衣,也不应在槽中捶打。
然而,在结节处,若有刻痕或疱状突起,则不许可;
或因点净变异,或因边角破裂,亦不许可。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Nānāvaṇṇehi suttehi, maṇḍanatthāya cīvaraṃ; Samaṃ satapadādīnaṃ, sibbituṃ na ca vaṭṭati. ‘‘Pattassa pariyante vā, tathā pattamukhepi ca; Veṇiṃ saṅkhalikaṃ vāpi, karoto hoti dukkaṭaṃ. ‘‘Paṭṭampi gaṇṭhipāsānaṃ, aṭṭhakoṇādikaṃ vidhiṃ; Tatthagghiyagadārūpaṃ, muggarādiṃ karonti ca. ‘‘Tattha kakkaṭakakkhīni, uṭṭhāpenti na vaṭṭati; Suttā ca piḷakā tattha, duviññeyyāva dīpitā. ‘‘Catukoṇāva vaṭṭanti, gaṇṭhipāsakapaṭṭakā; Kaṇṇakoṇesu suttāni, ratte chindeyya cīvare. ‘‘Sūcikammavikāraṃ vā, aññaṃ vā pana kiñcipi; Cīvare bhikkhunā kātuṃ, kārāpetuṃ na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Yo ca pakkhipati bhikkhu cīvaraṃ, Kañjipiṭṭhakhaliallikādisu; Vaṇṇamaṭṭhamabhipatthayaṃ paraṃ; Tassa natthi pana mutti dukkaṭā. ‘‘Sūcihatthamalādīnaṃ, karaṇe cīvarassa ca; Tathā kiliṭṭhakāle ca, dhovanatthaṃ tu vaṭṭati. ‘‘Rajane pana gandhaṃ vā, telaṃ vā lākhameva vā; Kiñci pakkhipituṃ tattha, bhikkhuno na ca vaṭṭati. ‘‘Saṅkhena maṇinā vāpi, aññenapi ca kenaci; Cīvaraṃ na ca ghaṭṭeyya, ghaṃsitabbaṃ na doṇiyā. ‘‘Cīvaraṃ doṇiyaṃ katvā, nātighaṭṭeyya muṭṭhinā; Rattaṃ paharituṃ kiñci, hattheheva ca vaṭṭati. ‘‘Gaṇṭhike pana lekhā vā, piḷakā vā na vaṭṭati; Kappabinduvikāro vā, pāḷikaṇṇikabhedato’’ti.
《律义精要阐明》中亦同。“与百足等同”:即与百足等相似。表同义时,于本应用具格之处,改用属格。“或于布边”:指顺风布两侧的边际。“或于布端”:在二块布长宽布边的接合处,或在角上,亦或在单块布边为补足不足而接合之处。“辫缝”:状如稻穗的缝法;有人说“如鱼尾状”。“链缝”:如猫项圈的缝法;有人说“如百足状”。显示巴利原文
Vinayasāratthasandīpaniyampi samaṃ satapadādīnanti satapadādīhi sadisaṃ. Tulyatthe karaṇavacanappasaṅge sāmivacanaṃ. Paṭṭassa pariyante vāti anuvātassa ubhayapariyante vā. Paṭṭamukhepi vāti dvinnaṃ āyāmavitthārapaṭṭānaṃ saṅghaṭitaṭṭhāne, kaṇṇepi vā ekasseva vā paṭṭassa ūnapūraṇatthaṃ ghaṭitaṭṭhānepi vā . Veṇīti kudrūsasīsākārena sibbanaṃ. Keci ‘‘varakasīsākārenā’’ti vadanti. Saṅkhalikanti biḷāladāmasadisasibbanaṃ. Keci ‘‘satapadisadisa’’nti vadanti.
“布”:指布片。“八角等方式”:即八角等的作法,此为规定。“八角等”:或因偈颂结构而增加了鼻音。“八角等方式”——此语是“布”的同位修饰语,或是动作的修饰语,与“作”相连。或者,“布”:此处以属格表处格义,意为“于布上”。在此解释中,“八角等”为属格,“方式”为其修饰语。在此,有别于将说的四角等形,故称八角等。“于彼”:在那两块布上。“火焰形与棒形”:火焰形状与棒形状的缝法。“锤形”:杵状的缝法。以“等”字兼摄塔等形状。显示巴利原文
Paṭṭampīti pattampi. Aṭṭhakoṇādiko vidhi pakāro etassāti aṭṭhakoṇādikavidhi, taṃ. Aṭṭhakoṇādikanti vā gāthābandhavasena niggahitāgamo. ‘‘Aṭṭhakoṇādikaṃ vidhi’’nti etaṃ ‘‘paṭṭa’’nti etassa samānādhikaraṇavisesanaṃ, kiriyāvisesanaṃ vā. ‘‘Karontī’’ti iminā sambandho. Atha vā paṭṭanti ettha bhummatthe upayogavacanaṃ, paṭṭeti attho. Imasmiṃ pakkhe aṭṭhakoṇādikanti upayogavacanaṃ. Vidhinti etassa visesanaṃ. Idha vakkhamānacatukoṇasaṇṭhānato aññaṃ aṭṭhakoṇādikaṃ nāma. Tatthāti tasmiṃ paṭṭadvaye. Agghiyagadārūpanti agghiyasaṇṭhānañceva gadāsaṇṭhānañca sibbanaṃ. Muggaranti laguḷasaṇṭhānasibbanaṃ. Ādi-saddena cetiyādisaṇṭhānānaṃ gahaṇaṃ.
“在彼处”:指在那两种布片之处。“蟹眼形”:类似蟹眼的缝制花样。“制作”:即制造。“在彼处”:指在那结纽布片与带布片上。“线”:从角至角缝制的线,以及在四方形上缝制的线。“结”:即将那些线反折所缝制的端点。“染时难辨”:染色时难以辨识其形状,不粗显,已作阐明而开许。如所说:“衣上的角线与结,染色时形状难辨,故开许。”显示巴利原文
Tatthāti paṭṭadvaye tasmiṃ ṭhāne. Kakkaṭakakkhīnīti kuḷīrakacchisadisāni sibbanavikārāni. Uṭṭhāpentīti karonti. Tatthāti tasmiṃ gaṇṭhikapāsakapaṭṭake. Suttāti koṇato koṇaṃ sibbitasuttā ceva caturasse sibbitasuttā ca. Piḷakāti tesameva suttānaṃ nivattetvā sibbitakoṭiyo ca. Duviññeyyāvāti rajanakāle duviññeyyarūpā anoḷārikā dīpitā vaṭṭantīti. Yathāha ‘‘koṇasuttapiḷakā ca cīvare ratte duviññeyyarūpā vaṭṭantī’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.85).
「结纽布片与带布片」:这是连结之义。「角与边上的线」:指衣角的线,以及带布片角上的线,应当切断。其中,在衣上纵向、横向缝制后,从顺风处向外露出的线,在染衣并晾干时,为用绳或衣架绑住悬挂,在顺风处所作的绑线,称为角线。如经中说:「衣的角线是不允许的,染色时应切断。然而『诸比丘,我允许角线』,此所允许者,应在顺风处做成带而绑住,以便于染色时悬挂。」显示巴利原文
Gaṇṭhikapaṭṭikā pāsapaṭṭikāti yojanā. Kaṇṇakoṇesu suttānīti cīvarakaṇṇe suttā ceva pāsakapaṭṭānaṃ koṇesu suttāni ca acchindati. Ettha ca cīvare āyāmato vitthārato ca sibbitvā anuvātato bahi nikkhamitasuttaṃ cīvaraṃ rajitvā sukkhāpanakāle rajjuyā vā cīvaravaṃse vā bandhitvā olambituṃ anuvāte bandhasuttāni ca kaṇṇasuttāni nāma. Yathāha ‘‘cīvarassa kaṇṇasuttakaṃ na ca vaṭṭati, rajitakāle chinditabbaṃ, yaṃ pana ‘anujānāmi bhikkhave kaṇṇasuttaka’nti evaṃ anuññātaṃ, taṃ anuvāte pāsakaṃ katvā bandhitabbaṃ rajanakāle lagganatthāyā’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.85).
「或针线花样」:为了装饰衣,用种种线缝成类似百足虫的形状,并安置客布片,这样的针线花样。「或其他任何」:或其他任何如花环样式、兽形、鸟足等缝制花样。「制作」:自己制作。「令作」:令他人制作。显示巴利原文
Sūcikammavikāraṃ vāti cīvaramaṇḍanatthāya nānāsuttakehi satapadisadisaṃ sibbantā āgantukapaṭṭaṃ ṭhapenti, evarūpaṃ sūcikammavikāraṃ vā. Aññaṃ vā pana kiñcipīti aññampi yaṃ kiñci mālākammamigapakkhipadādikaṃ sibbanavikāraṃ. Kātunti sayaṃ kātuṃ. Kārāpetunti aññena vā kārāpetuṃ.
「若比丘为了获得他人最上等的色泽,将衣投入酸浆、米粉、炒米、树脂等中,这位比丘不能从恶作中解脱」:这是连结之义。「酸浆」:涂抹经纬线用的、类似酸浆的硫酸浆。「米粉」:米粉。用米粉煮成的是炒米。「树脂」:树液。以「等」字包含紫胶等。在制衣时,为了洗涤针、手、尘垢等所生的污秽,为清洗之故,将衣投入酸浆、米粉、炒米、树脂等中,是允许的,这是连结之义。显示巴利原文
Yo bhikkhu paraṃ uttamaṃ vaṇṇamaṭṭhamabhipatthayanto kañjikapiṭṭhakhaliallikādīsu cīvaraṃ pakkhipati, tassa pana bhikkhuno dukkaṭā mokkho na vijjatīti yojanā. Kañjikanti vāyanatantamakkhanaṃ kañjikasadisā sulākañjikaṃ. Piṭṭhanti taṇḍulapiṭṭhaṃ. Taṇḍulapiṭṭhehi pakkā khali. Allikāti niyyāso. Ādi-saddena lākhādīnaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Cīvarassa karaṇe karaṇakāle samuṭṭhitānaṃ sūcihatthamalādīnaṃ kiliṭṭhakāle dhovanatthañca kañjikapiṭṭhakhaliallikādīsu pakkhipati, vaṭṭatīti yojanā.
“在此处”是指:为了令染衣带有清香、为了令其光洁而加入香或油,或为了增色而加入紫胶等物的染料。“任何”是指:如此的任何一种。“以宝石”是指:以石头。“或以其他任何”是指:以锤子等任何其他能令衣光洁的物品。“在染桶中”:不可在染料盆中摩擦,不可用手抓取。允许用手轻拍已染之衣,这是其义。投入煮染之处,即是染桶。至于允许在染桶中揉搓肩带、腰带等,在“结纽段”中已说。显示巴利原文
Tatthāti yena kasāvena cīvaraṃ rajati, tasmiṃ rajane cīvarassa sugandhabhāvatthāya gandhaṃ vā ujjalabhāvatthāya telaṃ vā vaṇṇatthāya lākhaṃ vā. Kiñcīti evarūpaṃ yaṃ kiñci. Maṇināti pāsāṇena. Aññenapi ca kenacīti yena ujjalaṃ hoti, evarūpena muggarādinā aññenapi kenaci vatthunā. Doṇiyāti rajanambaṇe na ghaṃsitabbaṃ hatthena gāhāpetvā na gahetabbaṃ. Rattaṃ cīvaraṃ hatthehi kiñci thokaṃ paharituṃ vaṭṭatīti yojanā. Yattha pakkarajanaṃ pakkhipanti, sā rajanadoṇī. Tattha aṃsabaddhakakāyabandhanādiṃ ghaṭṭetuṃ vaṭṭatīti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ.
“结纽”是指:竹、象牙、角等制成的结纽。“或纹彩”是指:圆形等的图案。“小疱”是指:如芥子般的小点状凸起。“依耳饰形类”是指:依宝珠串形、花蕊形等类别。已说“或作点点花样则不允许,此为句义连属”,故应以此方式对待衣。显示巴利原文
Gaṇṭhiketi veḷudantavisāṇādimayagaṇṭhike. Lekhā vāti vaṭṭādibhedā lekhā vā. Piḷakāti sāsapabījasadisā khuddakabubbuḷā. Pāḷikaṇṇikabhedatoti maṇikāvaḷirūpapupphakaṇṇikarūpabhedato. ‘‘Kappabinduvikāro vā na vaṭṭatīti yojanā’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā tatheva cīvare paṭipajjitabbaṃ.
9 “于钵或盘等”句中,“盘”是指:铜等材质制成、比丘个人持有的三种如法之盘。“不允许”是指:制作宝石色泽的工艺不允许,但制作油润色泽的工艺是允许的。“油润色”是依与沙门相应的色泽而说;但若得他人所制的宝石色钵,据说可以受用。“钵台”是指:以锡或铅等制成的置钵台座。因有言“诸比丘,不应持有种种杂色、绘有图像、如墙画般的钵台”,故说“如墙画般者不允许”。因有言“诸比丘,我允许切断摩迦罗齿饰”,故说“但摩迦罗齿饰是允许的”。古师如是说——显示巴利原文
9.Patte vā thālake vātiādīsu thālaketi tambādimaye puggalike tividhepi kappiyathālake. Na vaṭṭatīti maṇivaṇṇakaraṇapayogo na vaṭṭati, telavaṇṇapayogo pana vaṭṭati. Telavaṇṇoti samaṇasāruppavaṇṇaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, maṇivaṇṇaṃ pana pattaṃ aññena kataṃ labhitvā paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatīti vadanti. Pattamaṇḍaleti tipusīsādimaye pattaṭṭhapanakamaṇḍale. ‘‘Na bhikkhave vicitrāni pattamaṇḍalāni dhāretabbāni rūpakākiṇṇāni bhittikammakatānī’’ti (cūḷava. 253) vuttattā ‘‘bhittikammaṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, makaradantakaṃ chinditu’’nti (cūḷava. 253) vuttattā ‘‘makaradantakaṃ pana vaṭṭatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tenāhu porāṇā –
于钵盘之上,无论内外,
凡以尖器所刻之线条,一概不许。
将钵置于轮上,研磨之后若加以烧制,
如此,则不允许作成宝石色。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Thālakassa ca pattassa, bahi antopi vā pana; Āraggena katā lekhā, na ca vaṭṭati kācipi. ‘‘Āropetvā bhamaṃ pattaṃ, majjitvā ce pacanti ca; ‘Maṇivaṇṇaṃ karissāma’, iti kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Pattamaṇḍalake kiñci; Bhittikammaṃ na vaṭṭati; Na doso koci tatthassa; Kātuṃ makaradantaka’’nti.
《律义精要阐明》中也说:「以尖端」——即用针的尖端,或用针口。「任何线条」——指任何形状的线条,如圆形、牛尿形等。「使附着于轮上」——令其附着于旋转轮上。「钵台」——是为了保护钵,以锡、铅等制成,放置在钵底、置于支架等上方的圆形钵垫。「墙画工作」——即绘制种种形状、图像的装饰性工作。正如所说:「诸比丘,不应持用杂色的、绘有图像的、墙画式的钵台。」「于彼处」——即在那钵台之上。「对他」——即对于那位比丘。「摩咖拉齿饰」——称为山峰状,因此对于钵、盘等应当如此制作。显示巴利原文
Vinayasāratthasandīpaniyampi āraggenāti ārakaṇṭakaggena, sūcimukhena vā. Kācipi lekhāti vaṭṭakagomuttādisaṇṭhānā yā kācipi rāji. Bhamaṃ āropetvāti bhame allīyāpetvā. Pattamaṇḍalaketi patte chavirakkhaṇatthāya tipusīsādīhi kate pattassa heṭṭhā ādhārādīnaṃ upari kātabbe pattamaṇḍalake. Bhittikammanti nānākārarūpakakammavicittaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘na, bhikkhave, vicitrāni pattamaṇḍalāni dhāretabbāni rūpakākiṇṇāni bhittikammakatānī’’ti. Tatthāti tasmiṃ pattamaṇḍale. Assāti bhikkhussa. Makaradantakanti girikūṭanti vuttaṃ, tasmā evaṃ pattathālakādīsu paṭipajjitabbaṃ.
吹火筒……乃至……线条不被允许:以尖端刻划的线条不被允许,而以天然朱砂等颜料所作的线条则被允许。「伞口边缘」:指在吹火筒上为便于手持而制成的伞状口的边缘。有人说「是在滤水器的绑缚处」。《律决定》中亦云:显示巴利原文
Dhamakaraṇa…pe… lekhā na vaṭṭatīti āraggena dinnalekhā na vaṭṭati, jātihiṅgulikādivaṇṇehi katalekhā pana vaṭṭati. Chattamukhavaṭṭiyanti dhamakaraṇassa hatthena gahaṇatthaṃ katassa chattākārassa mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ. ‘‘Parissāvanabandhaṭṭhāne’’ti keci. Vinayavinicchayepi –
「在吹火筒的伞盖上,任何线条都不被允许;」
「若将其置于腹部或口缘,则此线条被允许」——这是所说的。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Na dhammakaraṇacchatte, lekhā kācipi vaṭṭati; Kucchiyaṃ vā ṭhapetvā taṃ, lekhaṃ tu mukhavaṭṭiya’’nti. –
已说如上。然于其《复注》中则说:“除口缘处为绑系滤水器而听许的线纹之外,吹火筒盖或腹部的任何纹饰皆不如法——这是衔接之义。”因此,于彼处,应依所说之方式实行吹火筒之事。显示巴利原文
Vuttaṃ. Taṭṭīkāyaṃ pana ‘‘mukhavaṭṭiyā yā lekhā parissāvanabandhanatthāya anuññātā, taṃ lekhaṃ ṭhapetvā dhamakaraṇacchatte vā kucchiyaṃ vā kāci lekhā na vaṭṭatīti yojanā’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā tattha vuttanayeneva dhamakaraṇe paṭipajjitabbaṃ.
10 于身带中,“螃蟹眼”者,即类似螃蟹眼者。“摩咖罗口”者,即摩咖罗口的形状。“水蛇头”者,即类似水蛇头形状者。“象眼”者,即象眼的形状。“唯一条方为如法”者,此处,将一条绳索折作二重、三重来绑系,不如法;唯将一条绳索绕身百匝而绑系,则如法。因有言:“不应将多条绳索合为一条、作无间断缠缚者说为‘多条绳索’,彼乃如法。”当知彼不算作鼓。因为鼓是以种种色线缠绕,作成鼓形而制作的。然而此鼓,即名为柔软鼓的腰饰形制,于十种事中是如法的,因有言:“身带有十种破损。比丘们,我允许鼓状、柔软鼓状。”显示巴利原文
10. Kāyabandhane pana kakkaṭakkhīnīti kakkaṭakassa akkhisadisāni. Makaramukhanti makaramukhasaṇṭhānaṃ. Deḍḍubhasīsanti udakasappasīsasadisasaṇṭhānāni. Acchīnīti kuñjaracchisaṇṭhānāni. Ekameva vaṭṭatīti ettha ekarajjukaṃ dviguṇatiguṇaṃ katvā bandhituṃ na vaṭṭati, ekameva pana satavārampi sarīraṃ parikkhipitvā bandhituṃ vaṭṭati. ‘‘Bahurajjuke ekato katvā ekena nirantaraṃ veṭhetvā kataṃ bahurajjukanti na vattabbaṃ, taṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vuttattā taṃ murajasaṅkhaṃ na gacchatīti veditabbaṃ. Murajañhi nānāvaṇṇehi suttehi murajavaṭṭisaṇṭhānaṃ veṭhetvā karonti. Idaṃ pana murajaṃ maddavīṇasaṅkhātaṃ pāmaṅgasaṇṭhānañca dasāsu vaṭṭati ‘‘kāyabandhanassa dasā jīranti. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, murajaṃ maddavīṇa’’nti (cūḷava. 278) vuttattā.
“维德”者,即于十种破损的末端,为令坚固而以牙、角、线等制作的维德。然而在《义灯》中则说:“于身带边缘、十种破损的根部,为令彼坚固而应制作的牙、角等所成的维德。”“八吉祥”者,即螺、轮、满瓶、牛、吉祥犊、钩、幢、吉祥结。亦有人依鱼双、伞、难提亚瓦德等形制解说。“唯界限线而已”者,即在以牙等制成的维德两端,所应制作的界限线而已。于《律决择论》中亦同此说。显示巴利原文
Vidheti dasāpariyosāne thirabhāvāya dantavisāṇasuttādīhi kate vidhe. Sāratthadīpaniyaṃ (sārattha. ṭī. 2.85) pana ‘‘kāyabandhanassa pāsante dasāmūle tassa thirabhāvatthaṃ kattabbe dantavisāṇādimaye vidhe’’ti vuttaṃ. Aṭṭhamaṅgalāni nāma saṅkho, cakkaṃ, puṇṇakumbho, gayā, sirīvaccho, aṅkuso, dhajaṃ, sovatthikanti. Macchayugaḷachattanandiyāvaṭṭādivasenapi vadanti. Paricchedalekhāmattanti dantādīhi katassa vidhassa ubhosu koṭīsu kātabbaparicchedarājimattaṃ. Vinayavinicchayappakaraṇepi –
将线对折成二重,于各处反复捶打;
若为令身带美观,对比丘而言,这并不相宜。
为令十种破损口处与两端坚固,则是允许的;
制作花环、编织藤蔓、彩绘等事,亦不允许。
瓶形、水蛇头形,或鳄鱼口形;
凡形制有异者,于十种破损口皆不适用。
笔直如鱼刺者,或平滑如薄片者;
做成枣叶形状者,经捶打后方为适宜。
片形与猪鼻形,是为二种身带;
绳、布条等,一切皆随顺于彼。
大鼓、柔声鼓、水蛇鼓、葫芦鼓,
绳索亦不许可;前述十二种应当如是。
「腰带十种形制,已宣说为身带;
一条、两条或四条,是为许可;过此则不许可。
由单绳所成者,牟尼说为腰带;
而那种腰饰形状的,即使一根,也不许可。
将多绳合为一处,以单绳系缚;
无有间隙地缠绕之后,方允许绑缚(用作腰带)。
以齿木、角、骨、铁、竹、芦苇制成者;
以漆(树胶)、贝壳制成者,以线、果实、木片制成者,皆视为允许。」
关于腰带系法,不可作改变;
但于各处仅作限定标记线,则是允许的。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Suttaṃ vā diguṇaṃ katvā, koṭṭenti ca tahiṃ tahiṃ; Kāyabandhanasobhatthaṃ, taṃ na vaṭṭati bhikkhuno. ‘‘Dasāmukhe daḷhatthāya, dvīsu antesu vaṭṭati; Mālākammalatākamma-cittikampi na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Akkhīni tattha dassetvā; Koṭṭite pana kā kathā. Kakkaṭakkhīni vā tattha; Uṭṭhāpetuṃ na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Ghaṭaṃ deḍḍubhasīsaṃ vā, makarassa mukhampi vā; Vikārarūpaṃ yaṃ kiñci, na vaṭṭati dasāmukhe. ‘‘Ujukaṃ macchakaṇṭaṃ vā, maṭṭhaṃ vā pana paṭṭikaṃ; Khajjūripattakākāraṃ, katvā vaṭṭati koṭṭitaṃ. ‘‘Paṭṭikā sūkarantanti, duvidhaṃ kāyabandhanaṃ; Rajjukā dussapaṭṭādi, sabbaṃ tassānulomikaṃ. ‘‘Murajaṃ maddavīṇañca, deḍḍubhañca kalābukaṃ; Rajjuyo ca na vaṭṭanti, purimā dvedasā siyuṃ. ‘‘Dasā pāmaṅgasaṇṭhānā, niddiṭṭhā kāyabandhane; Ekā dviticatasso vā, vaṭṭanti na tato paraṃ. ‘‘Ekarajjumayaṃ vuttaṃ, muninā kāyabandhanaṃ; Tañca pāmaṅgasaṇṭhānaṃ, ekampi ca na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Rajjuke ekato katvā, bahū ekāya rajjuyā; Nirantarañhi veṭhetvā, kataṃ vaṭṭati bandhituṃ. ‘‘Dantakaṭṭhavisāṇaṭṭhi-lohaveḷunaḷabbhavā; Jatusaṅkhamayā sutta-phalajā vidhakā matā. ‘‘Kāyabandhanavidhepi , vikāro na ca vaṭṭati; Tattha tattha pariccheda-lekhāmattaṃ tu vaṭṭatī’’ti. –
《律义精要灯明》中也说:“于彼彼处”即在各处之织物。“彼”指如是编结的双股线绳腰带。为令两端坚固,在十指面处作成双股而编结,是许可的,这是释义。“彩绘”亦指带有花鬘、藤蔓及图画的腰带。“象眼”即大象眼形。于腰带中,这些则不许可,更何须说?“举起”意为竖起。显示巴利原文
Vinayasāratthasandīpaniyampi tahiṃ tahinti paṭṭikāya tattha tattha. Tanti tathākoṭṭitadiguṇasuttakāyabandhanaṃ. Antesu daḷhatthāya dasāmukhe diguṇaṃ katvā koṭṭenti, vaṭṭatīti yojanā. Cittakampīti mālākammalatākammacittayuttampi kāyabandhanaṃ. Akkhīnīti kuñjarakkhīni. Tatthāti kāyabandhane na vaṭṭatīti kā kathā. Uṭṭhāpetunti ukkirituṃ.
“瓶”指瓶的形状。“水蛇头”指水蛇头的口形。任何变形的形态,在十指面处皆不许可,这是释义。在此,两侧带有鱼刺、编织如鱼背脊骨的腰带,名为“鱼刺”。若编织如枣椰叶形状者,则名为“枣椰叶形”。显示巴利原文
Ghaṭanti ghaṭasaṇṭhānaṃ. Deḍḍubhasīsaṃ vāti udakasappasīsaṃ mukhasaṇṭhānaṃ vā. Yaṃ kiñci vikārarūpaṃ dasāmukhe na vaṭṭatīti yojanā. Ettha ca ubhayapassesu macchakaṇṭakayuttaṃ macchassa piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṃ viya yassā paṭṭikāya vāyanaṃ hoti, idaṃ kāyabandhanaṃ macchakaṇṭakaṃ nāma. Yassa khajjūripattasaṇṭhānamiva vāyanaṃ hoti, taṃ khajjūripattakākāraṃ nāma.
天然变形的腰带中,“猪尾”名为钥匙鞘形状。此二种腰带中,绳索类与猪尾型相应,布条带与布带型相应。以“等”字摄印章腰带,彼亦与猪尾型相应。如所说:“单一绳索及印章腰带则同猪尾型相应”。其中“绳索”即单卷者。下面将说不许可多股绳索。“印章腰带”即不缝成四方而结,已于结节处说明。显示巴利原文
Pakativikārā paṭṭikā sūkarantaṃ nāma kuñcikākosasaṇṭhānaṃ. Tassa duvidhassa kāyabandhanassa. Tattha rajjukā sūkarantānulomikā, dussapaṭṭaṃ paṭṭikānulomikaṃ. Ādi-saddena muddikakāyabandhanaṃ gahitaṃ, tañca sūkarantānulomikaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘ekarajjukaṃ pana muddikakāyabandhanañca sūkarantaṃ anulometī’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 278). Tattha rajjukā nāma ekāvaṭṭā, bahurajjukassa akappiyabhāvaṃ vakkhati. Muddikakāyabandhanaṃ nāma caturassaṃ akatvā sajjitanti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ.
“鼓”:指缠绕成鼓的形状而作成。“缠绕”:以种种线缠绕而成。而在学处分别抉择中说:“将多根绳索合在一起,以一根绳索缠绕。”“竖琴”:指方形的形状。“水蛇”:指如同水蛇。“多绳索”:指多绳的。“绳索”:指两端不接合的多股绳索,如此系结者称为多绳索。“不许可”:鼓等这一切身缚皆不许可。“前二”:即鼓与竖琴二者。应为“于十指处应”,因偈颂结构而省略音节,说为“于十指应”。如所说:“鼓、竖琴,唯于十指处许可。”显示巴利原文
Murajaṃ nāma murajavaṭṭisaṇṭhānaṃ veṭhetvā kataṃ. Veṭhetvāti nānāsuttehi veṭhetvā. Sikkhābhājanavinicchaye pana ‘‘bahukā rajjuyo ekato katvā ekāya rajjuyā veṭhita’’nti vuttaṃ. Maddavīṇaṃ nāma pāmaṅgasaṇṭhānaṃ. Deḍḍubhakaṃ nāma udakasappasadisaṃ. Kalābukaṃ nāma bahurajjukaṃ. Rajjuyoti ubhayakoṭiyaṃ ekato abandhā bahurajjuyo, tathābandhā kalābukaṃ nāma hoti. Na vaṭṭantīti murajādīni imāni sabbāni kāyabandhanāni na vaṭṭanti. Purimā dveti murajaṃ maddavīṇanāmañcāti dve. ‘‘Dasāsu siyu’’nti vattabbe gāthābandhavasena vaṇṇalopena ‘‘dasā siyu’’nti vuttaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘murajaṃ maddavīṇanti idaṃ dasāsuyeva anuññāta’’nti.
“方形形状”:如方形花环那样,呈四方形。“一绳所成”:将种种绕卷合在一起搓成一条绳所制作的身缚,为说为许可,故于“绳、布织物等”中,此处是取单卷之绳。然而在此处,则取种种绕卷合在一起搓成的一条绳。“彼亦”:即彼或此方式,以一条绳系结而成的方形身缚。“一亦不许可”:全都不许可。显示巴利原文
Pāmaṅgasaṇṭhānāti pāmaṅgadāmaṃ viya caturassasaṇṭhānā. Ekarajjumayanti nānāvaṭṭe ekato vaṭṭetvā kataṃ rajjumayaṃ kāyabandhanaṃ vattuṃ vaṭṭatīti ‘‘rajjukā dussapaṭṭādī’’ti ettha ekavaṭṭarajjukā gahitā. Idha pana nānāvaṭṭe ekato vaṭṭetvā katā ekāva rajju gahitā. Tañcāti taṃ vā nayampi ekarajjukakāyabandhanaṃ pāmaṅgasaṇṭhānena ganthitaṃ. Ekampi ca na vaṭṭatīti kevalampi na vaṭṭati.
“将许多绳索合为一体”:这是释义。“适合系缚”:意指非鼓、非多绳索,仅是绳索身缚而已,这是它的意趣。然而,这一抉择——“不应说将许多绳索合为一体后,用一根无间隙地缠绕而作成的是多绳索,那是许可的”——是注疏中所传的,在此已说。而在学处分别抉择中说:“将许多绳索合为一体后,以一根缠绕者名为鼓”,与此相违,故不应取。显示巴利原文
Bahū rajjuke ekato katvāti yojanā. Vaṭṭati bandhitunti murajaṃ kalābukañca na hoti, rajjukakāyabandhanameva hotīti adhippāyo. Ayaṃ pana vinicchayo ‘‘bahurajjuke ekato katvā ekena nirantaraṃ veṭhetvā kataṃ bahurajjukanti na vattabbaṃ, taṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti aṭṭhakathāgato idha vutto. Sikkhābhājanavinicchaye ‘‘bahurajjuyo ekato katvā ekāya veṭhitaṃ murajaṃ nāmā’’ti yaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ iminā virujjhanato na gahetabbaṃ.
以“牙”一词指称象牙。“漆”即虫胶。“贝壳所成”指用贝壳制成。“木片得许为用”者,此处亦有“vedhikā”的异读,为穿孔之义。“于身缚法”者,即为令身缚的条带处坚固,而以木、牙等所作之物。“变形”者,即八吉祥等各类形态。“于处处”者,即于各别之处。以“tu”一词既已显明瓶形亦合宜,故当以此方式审察身缚。显示巴利原文
Danta-saddena hatthidantā vuttā. Jatūti lākhā. Saṅkhamayanti saṅkhanābhimayaṃ. Vidhakā matāti ettha vedhikātipi pāṭho, vidhapariyāyo. Kāyabandhanavidheti kāyabandhanassa dasāya thirabhāvatthaṃ kaṭṭhadantādīhi kate vidhe. Vikāro aṭṭhamaṅgalādiko. Tattha tatthāti tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne. Tu-saddena ghaṭākāropi vaṭṭatīti dīpetīti attho pakāsito, tasmā tena nayena kāyabandhanavicāro kātabboti.
11 于眼药筒,因已说“唯直者”,故四方等形状乃至一切弯曲之器物,皆不得用。“于箭筒”者,指放置刀等物品之容器。然于《律决断论》中则云:显示巴利原文
11.Añjaniyaṃ ‘‘ujukamevā’’ti vuttattā caturassādisaṇṭhānāpi vaṅkagatikā na vaṭṭati. Sipāṭikāyāti vāsiādibhaṇḍapakkhipane. Vinayavinicchayappakaraṇe pana –
施以花环工艺、藤蔓工艺,以种种图案彩绘装饰者;
眼药筒与讨人欢喜之物,对比丘们都是不允许的。
然而,若将那样的器物磨光,或以线绳缠绕之后,
比丘若使用它,便无任何过失。
无论是圆形、方形,还是八角形,眼药筒;
唯圆形被指定为开许,为求美观而作则不被允许。
同样地,眼药棒与眼药袋也是如此;
使用各色线作装饰,是不允许的。
以单色线,用任何方式缝制边缘;
然而,无论缝制何物,对使用者而言,皆为许可。”
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Mālākammalatākamma-nānārūpavicittitā; Na ca vaṭṭati bhikkhūnaṃ, añjanī janarañjanī. ‘‘Tādisaṃ pana ghaṃsitvā, veṭhetvā suttakena vā; Vaḷañjantassa bhikkhussa, na doso koci vijjati. ‘‘Vaṭṭā vā caturassā vā, aṭṭhaṃsā vāpi añjanī; Vaṭṭatevāti niddiṭṭhā, vaṇṇamaṭṭhā na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Tathāñjanisalākāpi, añjanithavikāya ca; Nānāvaṇṇehi suttehi, cittakammaṃ na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Ekavaṇṇena suttena, sipāṭiṃ yena kenaci; Yaṃ kiñci pana sibbetvā, vaḷañjantassa vaṭṭatī’’ti. –
《复注》亦云:“花环……乃至……”“装饰”者,以花环工艺、蔓藤工艺,及鹿、鸟等种种形像而彩饰。“悦众人”者,诱惑愚痴之人。“八角池”者,此处以“亦”字兼摄十六角等。“色涂”者,即花环工艺等之彩绘。眼药棒若作如是色涂,亦不允许——此义相连。以眼药袋及种种色线作彩绘工艺,亦不允许——此说合理。或见“或袋”之读法,然不应采纳。“以黄色等任一种单色线,缝制毛毡等所成之任何小袋后,于使用者是允许的。”此义连接。已说。显示巴利原文
Taṭṭīkāyampi mālā…pe… cittitāti mālākammalatākammehi ca migapakkhirūpādinānārūpehi ca vicittitā. Janarañjanīti bālajanapalobhinī. Aṭṭhaṃsā vāpīti ettha api-saddena soḷasaṃsādīnaṃ gahaṇaṃ. Vaṇṇamaṭṭhāti mālākammādivaṇṇamaṭṭhā. Añjanīsalākāpi tathā vaṇṇamaṭṭhā na vaṭṭatīti yojanā. Añjanīthavikāya ca nānāvaṇṇehi suttehi cittakammaṃ na vaṭṭatīti pāṭho yujjati, ‘‘thavikāpi vā’’ti pāṭho dissati, so na gahetabbo. ‘‘Pītādinā yena kenaci ekavaṇṇena suttena pilotikādimayaṃ kiñcipi sipāṭikaṃ sibbetvā vaḷañjantassa vaṭṭatīti yojanā’’ti āgataṃ.
12 关于“阿拉刺”等:“阿拉刺”者,是为装订书册等而制作的长口刀。有人说是金匠等用以雕刻木料等的刻刀。“圆珠”者,即作成圆形而应令立起的泡状凸起。“其他”者,以此含摄疮等。“小刀”者,指任何切割用之小刀。“珠”者,即单环珠。“疮”者,如芥子般大小,犹如珍珠串般的多环刻线。由于在此规定中未予说明,故说任何可刻之色涂,皆为允许。然而,《金刚慧复注》中说:“钥匙因是住所资具,即使由金银所成,亦为允许。此义可见。由‘钥匙之色涂工艺不被允许’之语,可知其他由净金属等所成的钥匙方为适当,因为它是应加护持的资具。”——如是说。阿拉刺是制作书册等的刀具,阿曼达萨拉咖是余甘子果所成,如是说。显示巴利原文
12.Ārakaṇṭakādīsu ārakaṇṭaketi potthakādiabhisaṅkharaṇatthaṃ kate dīghamukhasatthake. Bhamakārānaṃ dāruādilikhanasatthakanti keci. Vaṭṭamaṇikanti vaṭṭaṃ katvā uṭṭhāpetabbabubbuḷakaṃ. Aññanti iminā piḷakādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Pipphaliketi yaṃ kiñci chedanake khuddakasatthe. Maṇikanti ekavaṭṭamaṇi. Piḷakanti sāsapamattikāmuttarājisadisā bahuvaṭṭalekhā. Imasmiṃ adhikāre avuttattā lekhaniyaṃ yaṃ kiñci vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ vaṭṭatīti vadanti. Vajirabuddhiṭīkāyaṃ pana ‘‘kuñcikāya senāsanaparikkhārattā suvaṇṇarūpiyamayāpi vaṭṭatīti chāyā dissati. ‘Kuñcikāya vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammaṃ na vaṭṭatī’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.85) vacanato aññe kappiyalohādimayāva kuñcikā kappanti pariharaṇīyaparikkhārattā’’ti vuttaṃ. Ārakaṇṭako potthakādikaraṇasatthakajāti, āmaṇḍasārako āmalakaphalamayoti vadanti.
‘折叠’是指:在剪指甲时,为了牢固握持而制成有折叠的样式。因此,以‘允许’之意显示:若为了牢固工艺等目的而做其他变形,并非为了涂色美观,则是允许的。由此可知,于剪刀柄端为发出声音而以相互碰撞的方式制作环等,虽未明说,也属合理。此中‘牢固工艺等’的‘等’字,含摄了除去危险等目的;所以,在剪刀柄端制作环,使其相互碰撞发出声音,是为了避免长时间使用等带来的危险,因此是允许的,如此显示。因此,阿阇梨长老说——显示巴利原文
Valitakanti nakhacchedanakāle daḷhaggahaṇatthaṃ valiyuttameva karonti. Tasmā taṃ vaṭṭatīti iminā aññampi vikāraṃ daḷhīkammādiatthāya karonti, na vaṇṇamaṭṭhatthāya, taṃ vaṭṭatīti dīpitaṃ, tena ca kattaradaṇḍakoṭiyaṃ aññamaññaṃ saṅghaṭṭanena saddaniccharaṇatthāya katavalayādikaṃ avuttampi yato upapannaṃ hoti. Ettha ca daḷhīkammādīti ādi-saddena parissayavinodanādiṃ saṅgaṇhāti, tena kattarayaṭṭhikoṭiyaṃ katavalayānaṃ aññamaññasaṅghaṭṭanena saddaniccharaṇaṃ dīghajātikādiparissayavinodanatthaṃ hoti, tasmā vaṭṭatīti dīpeti. Tenāha ācariyavaro –
珠、小疮,或无花果刺、阿拉刺;
然而,比丘不得制作任何物品。
但在杖上,仅允许划一道界线;
折叠后剪指甲,这样做是允许的。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Maṇikaṃ piḷakaṃ vāpi, pipphale ārakaṇṭake; Ṭhapetuṃ pana yaṃ kiñci, na ca vaṭṭati bhikkhuno. ‘‘Daṇḍakepi pariccheda-lekhāmattaṃ tu vaṭṭati; Valitvā ca nakhacchedaṃ, karontīti hi vaṭṭatī’’ti.
对此的解释如下:所谓“玛尼咖”,是指粗大的水泡。所谓“毕喇咖”,是指细小的水泡。所谓“毕帕离”,是指裁布所用的剪刀。所谓“阿拉咖塔咖”,是指用于刺穿钵带环的锥刺。所谓“制作”,是说让它凸出来。所谓“任何东西”,是指其余的涂色等。所谓“棒”,指的是毕帕离刀的柄。如所说:“即使在毕帕离刀上,也不允许制作玛尼咖、毕喇咖或任何东西,但在柄上允许划一道界线。”所谓“仅划一道界线”者:到达钉子的绑缚处后,为作界定,仅允许划一道线。所谓“折叠后”:因为做成两端开口,捏在中间折痕处剪指甲,故如此是允许的。以上是关联的解释。显示巴利原文
Tassa vaṇṇanāyampi maṇikanti thūlabubbuḷaṃ. Pīḷakanti sukhumabubbuḷaṃ. Pipphaleti vatthacchedanasatthe. Ārakaṇṭaketi pattadhāravalayānaṃ vijjhanakaṇṭake. Ṭhapetunti uṭṭhāpetuṃ. Yaṃ kiñcīti sesavaṇṇamaṭṭhampi ca. Daṇḍaketi pipphalidaṇḍake. Yathāha ‘‘pipphalikepi maṇikaṃ vā piḷakaṃ vā yaṃ kiñci ṭhapetuṃ na vaṭṭati, daṇḍake pana paricchedalekhā vaṭṭatī’’ti. Paricchedalekhāmattanti āṇibandhanaṭṭhānaṃ patvā paricchindanatthaṃ ekāva lekhā vaṭṭatīti. Valitvāti ubhayakoṭimukhaṃ katvā majjhe valiyo gāhetvā nakhacchedaṃ yasmā karonti, tasmā vaṭṭatīti yojanāti āgatā.
“上火钻的圆盘”是指为了插入上火钻而设置的凹陷圆盘。“在裁牙签刀上应竖直绑缚”是句子的连接。此处“仅竖直”一词,表明不可弯曲后绑缚,因此眼药棒也作了同样的说明。“于两侧或一侧”是补足语义,指为了让刀柄两侧的柄端不晃动而绑缚。“以净铜制成四方形或八角形是允许的”,如此连接。显示巴利原文
Uttarāraṇiyaṃ maṇḍalanti uttarāraṇiyā pavesanatthaṃ āvāṭamaṇḍalaṃ hoti. Dantakaṭṭhacchedanavāsiyaṃ ujukameva bandhitunti sambandho. Ettha ca ujukamevāti iminā vaṅkaṃ katvā bandhituṃ na vaṭṭatīti dasseti, teneva añjaniyampi tathā dassitaṃ. Ubhosu passesu ekapasse vāti vacanaseso, vāsidaṇḍassa ubhosu passesu daṇḍakoṭīnaṃ acalanatthaṃ bandhitunti attho. Kappiyalohena caturassaṃ vā aṭṭhaṃsaṃ vā kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti yojanā.
13 “阿曼达萨拉咖”是指将余甘子果捣碎,以其渣滓制成的油容器。据说,注入其中的油会变得清凉。正如老师所说:显示巴利原文
13.Āmaṇḍasāraketi āmalakaphalāni pisitvā tena kakkena katatelabhājane. Tattha kira pakkhittaṃ telaṃ sītaṃ hoti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ācariyena –
在上火木、弓与投石杖上,
任何花鬘工艺等涂色,皆不允许。
在镊子、齿木与切割刀上,
用金属在两面绑缚,则是允许的。
在角制容器、管状物,以及圆盘状的器物中,也是如此。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Uttarāraṇiyaṃ vāpi, dhanuke pelladaṇḍake; Mālākammādi yaṃ kiñci, vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Saṇḍāse dantakaṭṭhānaṃ, tathā chedanavāsiyā; Dvīsu passesu lohena, bandhituṃ pana vaṭṭati. ‘‘Tathā kattaradaṇḍepi, cittakammaṃ na vaṭṭati; Vaṭṭalekhāva vaṭṭanti, ekā vā dvepi heṭṭhato. ‘‘Visāṇe nāḷiyaṃ vāpi, tathevāmaṇḍasārake; Telabhājanake sabbaṃ, vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ tu vaṭṭatī’’ti.
复注中又说:与钻火具配套、用于钻火之杵名为上钻木;“或”字则摄取下钻木,此为臼杵的同义语。涂油的机械弓名为小弓。杵头压榨之棒名为压榨棒。“火钳”即火用钳。以刀截齿木者,以及任何装饰图案皆不许可,这是关联之语。“在两边”,即用刀在两边切。“以铁”,即以如法之铁。“许可绑缚”,即许可绑缚成直形、四角形或八角形。“火钳”,无疑指火用钳,然而注疏中此处显示为针钳。“下方”,指下方铁盘环中。注疏中说“上方如蛇伞蚁窝大小”。“角”,指灌油用的野牛角、水牛角等。“竹管或”,指竹管等管状物,而“或”字摄取葫芦。“余甘子粉罐”,指余甘子粉制成的油罐。“油容器”,即如前所述的油容器。“一切装饰图案皆许可”,是说无男女形象的花环纹等一切装饰图案都许可。显示巴利原文
Ṭīkāyampi araṇisahite bhantakiccakaro daṇḍo uttarāraṇī nāma. Vāpīti pi-saddena adharāraṇiṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Udukkhaladaṇḍassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Añchanakayantadhanu dhanukaṃ nāma. Musalamatthakapīḷanadaṇḍako pelladaṇḍako nāma. Saṇḍāseti aggisaṇḍāse. Dantakaṭṭhānaṃ chedanavāsiyā tathā yaṃ kiñci vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ na vaṭṭatīti sambandho. Dvīsu passesūti vāsiyā ubhosu passesu. Lohenāti kappiyalohena. Bandhituṃ vaṭṭatīti ujukameva vā caturassaṃ vā aṭṭhaṃsaṃ vā bandhituṃ vaṭṭati. Saṇḍāseti aggisaṇḍāseti nissandehe vuttaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ panettha sūcisaṇḍāso dassito . Heṭṭhāti heṭṭhā ayopaṭṭavalaye. ‘‘Upari ahicchattakamakuḷamatta’’nti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Visāṇeti telāsiñcanakagavayamahiṃsādisiṅge. Nāḷiyaṃ vāpīti veḷunāḷikādināḷiyaṃ. Api-saddena alābuṃ saṅgaṇhāti. Āmaṇḍasāraketi āmalakacuṇṇamayatelaghaṭe . Telabhājanaketi vuttappakāreyeva telabhājane. Sabbaṃ vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ vaṭṭatīti pumitthirūparahitaṃ mālākammādi sabbaṃ vaṇṇamaṭṭhaṃ vaṭṭatīti āgataṃ.
“地敷具”:铺设在已作过平整处理的地面上、用咖德沙拉等制成的敷具。“水罐”:以此词摄取一切容器。“一切……乃至……许可”:在如前所述的床等上面,男女形像亦许可。有人说:因油容器中男女形像被禁止,且不将油容器与床等一起计取而单独列出床等,故如此说。话虽如此,然而由于这些床等是应以手触摸的物品,故应理解为在此处女形不许可。然而在《金刚智复注》中说:“在扇子、柄扇等上的装饰图案工作是许可的。”虽然那些如钥匙般应随身携带,但由于高低不平不便持用,所以没有禁止而这样说。这也只是以“诸比丘,我允许扇子和柄扇”等语而开许的。然而在结颂中说:“在油容器上装饰图案工作许可,因为说为住处用具。”佛护长老亦如是说。显示巴利原文
Bhūmattharaṇeti kaṭasārādimaye parikammakatāya bhūmiyā attharitabbaattharaṇe. Pānīyaghaṭeti iminā sabbabhājane saṅgaṇhāti. Sabbaṃ…pe… vaṭṭatīti yathāvuttesu mañcādīsu itthipurisarūpampi vaṭṭati. Telabhājanesuyeva itthipurisarūpānaṃ paṭikkhipitattā telabhājanena saha agaṇetvā visuṃ mañcādīnaṃ gahitattā cāti vadanti. Kiñcāpi vadanti, etesaṃ pana mañcādīnaṃ hatthena āmasitabbabhaṇḍattā itthirūpamettha na vaṭṭatīti gahetabbaṃ. Vajirabuddhiṭīkāyaṃ (vajira. ṭī. pārājika 85) pana ‘‘tālavaṇṭabījaniādīsu vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammaṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi tāni kuñcikā viya pariharaṇīyāni, atha kho uccāvacāni na dhāretabbānīti paṭikkhepābhāvato vuttaṃ. Kevalañhi tāni ‘‘anujānāmi bhikkhave vidhūpanañca tālavaṇṭañcā’’tiādinā vuttāni. Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘telabhājanesu vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammaṃ vaṭṭati, senāsanaparikkhārattā vutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Ācariyabuddhadattattherenapi vuttameva –
在水勺中,在染料盆中;
在罐中、木板座上,在环与支架等处。
同样地,在钵盖、扇子与拂尘之中;
足拭布与扫帚,
床、地敷、座、枕、靠垫,
花饰等一切装饰,悉皆开许。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Pānīyassa uḷuṅkepi, doṇiyaṃ rajanassapi; Ghaṭe phalakapīṭhepi, valayādhārakādike. ‘‘Tathā pattapidhāne ca, tālavaṇṭe ca bījane; Pādapuñchaniyaṃ vāpi, sammuñjaniyameva ca. ‘‘Mañce bhūmatthare pīṭhe, bhisibimbohanesu ca; Mālākammādikaṃ cittaṃ, sabbameva ca vaṭṭatī’’ti.
14 在讲说了沙门资具的许与不许之后,现在为了说明住处,便说“而于住处”等语。此处的“而”字,意在显示特别之义。由此表明:即使是由一切珍宝所成的彩饰,也是允许的,更何况其他的彩饰呢?如果这样的话,即便在有些地方存在应被禁止的事物时,也要这样说吗?因此说“于住处,无任何应禁止之事”。这也是由老师佛授长老所说的——显示巴利原文
14. Evaṃ samaṇaparikkhāresu kappiyākappiyaṃ kathetvā idāni senāsane kathetuṃ ‘‘senāsane panā’’tyādimāha. Ettha pana-saddo visesajotako. Tena sabbaratanamayampi vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammaṃ vaṭṭati, kimaṅgaṃ pana aññavaṇṇamaṭṭhakammanti atthaṃ joteti. Yadi evaṃ kismiñci paṭisedhetabbe santepi tathā vattabbaṃ siyāti āha ‘‘senāsane kiñci paṭisedhetabbaṃ natthī’’ti. Vuttampi cetaṃ ācariyabuddhadattattherena –
种种珍宝所成之柱、门扇、门与墙壁,
住处既已允许,彩饰更复何言?
金制的门扉所系缚;
金与种种宝石所成的墙壁与地面;
没有任何应当禁止的事物。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Nānāmaṇimayatthambha-kavāṭadvārabhittikaṃ ; Senāsanamanuññātaṃ, kā kathā vaṇṇamaṭṭhake. ‘‘Sovaṇṇiyaṃ dvārakavāṭabaddhaṃ; Suvaṇṇanānāmaṇibhittibhūmiṃ; Na kiñci ekampi nisedhanīyaṃ; Senāsanaṃ vaṭṭati sabbamevā’’ti.
在《普端严》对第一桑喀地谢沙的注释中(《波罗夷义注》2.281)说:“住所资具的受用,一切皆是净。因此,一切由金银所造的房舍资具,皆可触摸。为比丘们讲说法与律之处,建造宝殿,以水晶柱、宝网为庄严。在那里,诸比丘守护一切用具,亦得允许。”然而,在其释《疑惑消除》(《律藏疑惑消除注疏》1.281)中解释说:“‘一切皆允许’者,意为如前所述,金等所造房舍资具,以触摸、守护等方式受用,一切悉皆允许,这是意趣所在。因此说‘所以’等语。因有‘为比丘们讲说法与律之处’之说,当知凡属僧团的金制房舍与房舍资具,皆得允许,非属个人所有之物。”显示巴利原文
Samantapāsādikāyampi paṭhamasaṅghādisesavaṇṇanāyaṃ (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.281) ‘‘senāsanaparibhogo pana sabbakappiyo, tasmā jātarūparajatamayā sabbepi senāsanaparikkhārā āmāsā. Bhikkhūnaṃ dhammavinayavaṇṇanaṭṭhāne ratanamaṇḍape karonti phalikatthambhe ratanadāmapaṭimaṇḍite. Tattha sabbupakaraṇāni bhikkhūnaṃ paṭijaggituṃ vaṭṭantī’’ti āgataṃ. Tassā vaṇṇanāyaṃ pana vimativinodaniyaṃ (vi. vi. ṭī. 1.281) ‘‘sabbakappiyoti yathāvuttasuvaṇṇādimayānaṃ senāsanaparikkhārānaṃ āmasanagopanādivasena paribhogo sabbathā kappiyoti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘tasmā’tiādi. ‘Bhikkhūnaṃ dhammavinayavaṇṇanaṭṭhāne’ti vuttattā saṅghikameva suvaṇṇamayaṃ senāsanaṃ senāsanaparikkhārā ca vaṭṭanti, na puggalikānīti veditabba’’nti vaṇṇitaṃ.
在《住处篇集注疏》中,《普端严》(《小品注疏》320)也说:「『一切楼阁受用』者,以金银等装饰的门扇、床座、扇子、金银制的饮水瓶与饮水碗,凡是以彩绘工艺所作的,一切都允许。若说『布施楼阁的奴婢、田地、宅地、牛水牛』,则无需另行受取之事,受取楼阁时即已受取。牛皮毯等,无论在僧团住处或个人住处,铺在床座上使用都不允许,但在法座上,若以在家人所作的方式获得则可,即使在那里也不允许躺卧。」在其注疏《疑惑消除》(《疑惑消除疏·小品》2.320)中则解释:「『以金银等装饰』者,是针对僧团住处而说。但个人的金银等装饰物,比丘根本不允许受取,因为说『诸比丘!我以任何方式都不允许接受生金银』(《大品》299),因此在此注疏中未说『在僧团住处或个人住处』,只是针对牛皮毯等不净物而如此说,因为即使一位比丘受取那些也无过失。」显示巴利原文
Senāsanakkhandhakavaṇṇanāyampi samantapāsādikāyaṃ (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 320) ‘sabbaṃ pāsādaparibhoganti suvaṇṇarajatādivicitrāni kavāṭāni mañcapīṭhāni tālavaṇṭāni suvaṇṇarajatamayapānīyaghaṭapānīyasarāvāni yaṃ kiñci cittakammakataṃ, sabbaṃ vaṭṭati. Pāsādassa dāsidāsaṃ khettaṃ vatthuṃ gomahiṃsaṃ demāti vadanti, pāṭekkaṃ gahaṇakiccaṃ natthi, pāsāde paṭiggahite paṭiggahitameva hoti. Gonakādīni saṅghikavihāre vā puggalikavihāre vā mañcapīṭhesu attharitvā paribhuñjituṃ na vaṭṭanti, dhammāsane pana gihivikatanīhārena labbhanti, tatrāpi nipajjituṃ na vaṭṭatī’’ti āgataṃ. Tassā vaṇṇanāyaṃ pana vimativinodaniyaṃ (vi. vi. ṭī. cūḷavagga 2.320) ‘‘suvaṇṇarajatādivicitrānīti saṅghikasenāsanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, puggalikaṃ pana suvaṇṇādivicitraṃ bhikkhussa sampaṭicchitumeva na vaṭṭati ‘na tvevāhaṃ bhikkhave kenaci pariyāyena jātarūparajataṃ sāditabba’nti (mahāva. 299) vuttattā, tenevettha aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘saṅghikavihāre vā puggalikavihāre vā’ti na vuttaṃ, gonakādiakappiyabhaṇḍavisayeva evaṃ vuttaṃ, ekabhikkhussapi tesaṃ gahaṇe dosābhāvā’’ti vaṇṇitaṃ.
在同一犍度的注疏(《小品注》321)中说:「即使国王、大臣等一次布施百张床或千张床,所有如法的床皆应接受;接受后应依长老次第,按僧团受用的方式给予使用,不应以个人方式给予。」其注释书《除疑》释云:「『应接受如法的床』一语,正是为了表明:即使说『给僧团』,也不允许接受以金银等装饰的不如法床。若说『布施给住处』,则只允许给僧团,不允许给个人,应视同田地等。」因此,那些受持世尊教令、具惭愧、柔和、多闻、乐学的比丘们,对此处应当善加作意。显示巴利原文
Tasmiṃyeva khandhake aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 321) ‘‘sacepi rājarājamahāmattādayo ekappahāreneva mañcasataṃ vā mañcasahassaṃ vā denti, sabbe kappiyamañcā sampaṭicchitabbā, sampaṭicchitvā vuḍḍhapaṭipāṭiyā saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjathāti dātabbā, puggalikavasena na dātabbā’’ti āgataṃ. Tassā vaṇṇanāyaṃyeva vimativinodaniyaṃ ‘‘kappiyamañcā sampaṭicchitabbāti iminā suvaṇṇādivicittaṃ akappiyamañcaṃ ‘saṅghassā’ti vuttepi sampaṭicchituṃ na vaṭṭatīti dasseti, ‘vihārassa demā’ti vutte saṅghasseva vaṭṭati, na puggalassa khettādi viyāti daṭṭhabba’’nti vaṇṇitaṃ, tasmā bhagavato āṇaṃ sampaṭicchantehi lajjipesalabahussutasikkhākāmabhūtehi bhikkhūhi suṭṭhu manasikātabbamidaṃ ṭhānaṃ.
难道在住处中并没有应禁止的违逆住处吗?那为何说「在住处中无任何应禁止之事」?针对这一质疑,而说「除了违逆住处」。其含义是:除了违逆住处之外,针对其他如涂色、铺地等工作,说「在住处中无任何应禁止之事」,并非说没有违逆住处。既然如此,老师就应当说明何为违逆住处。对此,回答说:「违逆……乃至……被称为」。其中,「他人」是指界的主人。「国王宠臣」是指那些与具惭愧、柔和者共同举行布萨等时,会成为布萨等的障碍的无惭者及破僧比丘,因为他们在一起举行布萨等。因此说「在界中」。「他们的惭愧众」是指能对界主人给予支持的具惭愧众。「由比丘们所作」是指,凡诸惭愧比丘为了制止无惭者而作的破坏住处等,这一切都是善作,因为应当为制止无惭者而实行。显示巴利原文
Nanu ca senāsane viruddhasenāsanaṃ nāma paṭisedhetabbaṃ atthi, atha kasmā ‘‘senāsane kiñci paṭisedhetabbaṃ natthī’’ti vuttanti codanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘aññatra viruddhasenāsanā’’ti. Tassattho – viruddhasenāsanā viruddhasenāsanaṃ aññatra ṭhapetvā aññaṃ vaṇṇamaṭṭhakammādikammaṃ sandhāya senāsane kiñci paṭisedhetabbaṃ natthīti vuttaṃ, na tadabhāvoti. Yadi evaṃ taṃ viruddhasenāsanaṃ ācariyena vattabbaṃ, katamaṃ viruddhasenāsanaṃ nāmāti pucchāyamāha ‘‘viruddha…pe… vuccatī’’ti. Tattha aññesanti sīmassāmikānaṃ. Rājavallabhehīti lajjipesalānaṃ uposathādiantarāyakarā alajjino bhinnaladdhikā ca bhikkhū adhippetā tehi saha uposathādikaraṇāyogato. Tena ca ‘‘sīmāyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Tesaṃ lajjiparisāti tesaṃ sīmassāmikānaṃ anubalaṃ dātuṃ samatthā lajjiparisā. Bhikkhūhi katanti yaṃ alajjīnaṃ senāsanabhedanādikaṃ lajjibhikkhūhi kataṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ sukatameva alajjiniggahatthāya pavattetabbato.
于此或有疑:「注疏中说『他人的界中』,界有多种,是就何种界而说?」应知是针对结界。如何得知?因为注疏中即说「勿碍我们的布萨与自恣」,《义疏》(《义疏》2.85)也说:「成为布萨与自恣障碍的无惭者,被称为国王宠臣」,因为此处指的是作为举行布萨等律法羯磨之处的界。若是这样,村界、七槃陀界、水流界也是那样的处所,是否也应涵盖它们?不应当这样说,因为它们并非结界,其内的人并非那些界的主人;唯有结界才能成就诸比丘的僧事,所以他们只是结界的主人。因此说「凡是界主比丘们」。若有人说「近行界也是那样的处所」,不应当接受,因为在后面的「界抉择论」等(《律藏·僧伽篇注疏》156等)中,我们将说明其并非彼处。再者,在村界中禁止他人建造住处并不合理,七槃陀界与水流界又总是越界,因此应知是指结界。显示巴利原文
Ettha ca siyā – ‘‘aññesaṃ sīmāyā’’ti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ, sīmā nāma bahuvidhā, katarasīmaṃ sandhāyāti? Baddhasīmaṃ sandhāyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kathaṃ viññāyatīti ce? ‘‘Mā amhākaṃ uposathapavāraṇānaṃ antarāyamakatthā’’ti aṭṭhakathāyameva vuttattā, sāratthadīpaniyampi (sārattha.ṭī. 2.85) ‘‘uposathapavāraṇānaṃ antarāyakarā alajjino rājakulūpakā vuccantī’’ti vuttattā, uposathādivinayakammakhettabhūtāya eva sīmāya idha adhippetattā . Yadi evaṃ gāmasīmasattabbhantarasīmaudakukkhepasīmāyopi taṃkhettabhūtā eva, tasmā tāpi sandhāyāti vattabbanti? Na vattabbaṃ tāsaṃ abaddhasīmattā, na te tāsaṃ sāmikā, baddhasīmāyeva bhikkhūnaṃ kiriyāya siddhattā tāsaṃyeva te sāmikā. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘yaṃ pana sīmassāmikehi bhikkhūhī’’ti. Yaṃ pana vadanti ‘‘upacārasīmāpi taṃkhettabhūtā’’ti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ, tassā tadakkhettabhāvaṃ upari sīmāvinicchayakathādīsu (vi. saṅga. aṭṭha. 156 ādayo) kathayissāma. Apica gāmasīmāya aññesaṃ senāsanakaraṇassa paṭisedhitumayuttattā sattabbhantaraudakukkhepasīmānañca sabbadā atiṭṭhanato baddhasīmāyeva adhippetāti viññāyatīti.
“应令截断或应令毁坏,无有过失”这句话,完全是针对如同泥制小屋等,在任何情况下都不适合使用之物而说。但是,对于以五色线缠绕的伞盖等物,其中只应割除非法的部分,不应割除其余部分,因为其余部分是如法的;若割除,便有罪过。因此说“应砍断壶像与兽像之后再持用”等。显示巴利原文
Chindāpeyya vā bhindāpeyya vā, anupavajjoti idaṃ sabbamattikāmayakuṭī viya sabbathā anupayogārahaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana pañcavaṇṇasuttehi vinaddhachattādikaṃ, tattha akappiyabhāgova chinditabbo, na tadavaseso, tassa kappiyattāti chindanto upavajjova hoti. Teneva vuttaṃ ‘‘ghaṭakampi vāḷarūpampi chinditvā dhāretabba’’ntiādi.