一、日间卧息判定论显示巴利原文
1. Divāseyyavinicchayakathā
1 如此,安立了巴利之外抉择诸论的本母之后,现在依照所安立的本母次第来进行解说,故说“于此,‘昼卧’者,昼间卧也”等句。这里,“于此”是指,在这些标目词中,对于已经进入的“昼卧”一词,应当了知为“昼间卧”的意思,如此连接。其中,“昼”字是表示白昼的词,一个以阿音结尾的不变词。在《称名灯》中曾说:“随顺与信,无、过失、昼、汝、日”。“卧”即是躺卧,是由业所生之身形成的色法,不向上擎举,而以长时间、宽坦的方式运转的威仪差别。在白昼时的躺卧,就叫作“昼卧”。从日出开始,直至日没,在这段时间内所行的躺卧威仪。所以说为“昼间卧”的意思。显示巴利原文
1. Evaṃ pāḷimuttavinicchayakathānaṃ mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā idāni yathāṭhapitamātikānukkamena niddisanto ‘‘tattha divāseyyāti divānipajjana’’ntiādimāha. Tattha tatthāti tesu mātikāpadesu samabhiniviṭṭhassa ‘‘divāseyyā’’ti padassa ‘‘divānipajjana’’nti attho daṭṭhabboti yojanā. Tattha divā-saddo ahavācako ākāranto nipāto. Vuttañhi abhidhānappadīpikāyaṃ ‘‘ānukūlyetu saddhañca, nattaṃ doso divā tvahe’’ti. Sayanaṃ seyyā, karajakāyagatarūpānaṃ uddhaṃ anuggantvā dīghavasena vitthārato pavattanasaṅkhāto iriyāpathaviseso. Divākālasmiṃ seyyā divāseyyā. Aruṇuggamanato paṭṭhāya yāva sūriyatthaṅgamanā, etasmiṃ kāle sayanairiyāpathakaraṇanti. Tenāha ‘‘divānipajjananti attho’’ti.
「于此」者,即指彼昼卧,应知此中所将说明之抉择,是为连结。「我允许……乃至……之语」者,此是第一波罗夷学处制戒因缘中,世尊亲口所说之指示文句。其中,「昼间独坐者」即白昼偃卧者。「关闭门而独坐」即闭门而卧。「昼间……乃至……应卧」即为所指示。若问:巴利中未尝言及「此名为罪」,则此处如何知有罪?为释此疑,故说「于此虽」等。此处「于此」者,即指此昼间卧;「而」字为句首标示,「虽」字为不变词,表「若」之义。虽然巴利未说「此名为罪」,然于注疏中已说不闭门而卧者结恶作罪,故于此处知有罪,是为连结。若复问:虽则如此,若无世尊之语,注疏何得而说?故说「开着……乃至……因允许故」。由此显示,世尊之许可亦成不遵行者之罪因。显示巴利原文
Tatrāti tasmiṃ divāsayane ayaṃ vakkhamāno vinicchayo veditabboti yojanā. ‘‘Anujānāmi…pe… vacanato’’ti (pārā. 77) ayaṃ paṭhamapārājikasikkhāpadassa vinītavatthūsu āgato bhagavatā āhaccabhāsito ñāpakapāṭho. Tattha divā paṭisallīyantenāti divā nipajjantena. Dvāraṃ saṃvaritvā paṭisallīyitunti dvāraṃ pidahitvā nipajjituṃ. ‘‘Divā…pe… nipajjitabbanti ñāpyaṃ. Nanu pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ nāma āpattī’’ti na vuttā, atha kathamettha āpatti viññāyatīti codanaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘ettha ca kiñcāpī’’tiādi. Tattha etthāti etasmiṃ divānipajjane. Ca-saddo vākyārambhajotako, kiñcāpi-saddo nipātasamudāyo, yadipītyattho. Pāḷiyaṃ ayaṃ nāma āpattīti kiñcāpi na vuttā, pana tathāpi asaṃvaritvā nipajjantassa aṭṭhakathāyaṃ (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.77) dukkaṭaṃ yasmā vuttaṃ, tasmā ettha āpatti viññāyatīti yojanā. Evaṃ santepi asati bhagavato vacane kathaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ siyāti āha ‘‘vivaritvā…pe… anuññātattā’’ti. Etena bhagavato anujānanampi taṃ akarontassa āpattikāraṇaṃ hotīti dasseti.
此中,《疑惑遣除》言:「于生起事中者,于女人所作非梵行事中」;然《义灯》则言:「于交媾事生起时」,古注亦取彼义而云「于生起之交媾事中」。此应审察,因无交媾相故。若非如此,岂非学处之制定唯是佛之境界?然则何以于注疏中说恶作?故说「世尊」等。并非仅由优波离长老等安立注疏,实则经句与义理皆由佛世尊所说。实无世尊未解说之经文词句,一切义皆已说,故应见三藏之义释次第亦由正自觉者所开示。于彼彼处,世尊所流演之零散教说,即是注疏。显示巴利原文
Tattha ‘‘uppanne vatthumhīti itthiyā kataajjhācāravatthusmi’’nti vimativinodaniyaṃ (vi. vi. ṭī. 1.77) vuttaṃ, sāratthadīpaniyaṃ (sārattha. ṭī. 2.77) pana ‘‘methunavatthusmiṃ uppanne’’ti vuttaṃ, porāṇaṭīkāyampi tameva gahetvā ‘‘uppanne methunavatthusmi’’nti vuttaṃ, tadetaṃ vicāretabbaṃ methunalakkhaṇassa abhāvā. Nanu sikkhāpadapaññāpanaṃ nāma buddhavisayo, atha kasmā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ dukkaṭaṃ vuttanti āha ‘‘bhagavato’’tiādi. Na kevalaṃ upālittherādīhi eva aṭṭhakathā ṭhapitā, atha kho pāḷito ca atthato ca buddhena bhagavatā vutto. Na hi bhagavatā abyākataṃ tantipadaṃ nāma atthi, sabbesaṃyeva attho kathito, tasmā sambuddheneva tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ atthavaṇṇanakkamopi bhāsitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tattha tattha hi bhagavatā pavattitā pakiṇṇakadesanāyeva aṭṭhakathāti.
于此当问:此昼间不闭门而卧者犯恶作罪,仅由注疏所说而成立耶?抑或另有他据?故说「有罪」等。此恶作罪之犯,非仅由注疏所说而成立,实由「有罪于昼犯,非于夜」此《附随》文句亦得成立,是为连结。复问:于何事中说此学处?即如:「尔时,有一比丘于韦沙离大林重阁讲堂,昼间入精舍,敞门而卧。彼之男根为风所吹干。时,众多女人持香与华来至精舍,欲观精舍。彼诸女人见此比丘,便坐于其男根上,随意所作已,言:『此男子实为强壮!』以香华供养而去。诸比丘见有污秽,以此事白世尊。世尊告曰:『诸比丘,有五种因,令男根成为可作用者:因贪、因粪、因尿、因风、因虫蚁蚊虻所咬。诸比丘,以此五种因,男根成为可作用者。然诸比丘,彼比丘之男根因贪而成为可作用者,无有是处,彼是阿拉汉故。诸比丘,彼比丘无罪。诸比丘,我允许昼间独处者,关闭门户而独处。』」应见,即于此制戒因缘中说此学处。显示巴利原文
Kiṃ panettha etaṃ divā dvāraṃ asaṃvaritvā nipajjantassa dukkaṭāpattiāpajjanaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttattā eva siddhaṃ, udāhu aññenapīti āha ‘‘atthāpattī’’tiādi. Etaṃ dukkaṭāpattiāpajjanaṃ na kevalaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttattā eva siddhaṃ, atha kho ‘‘atthāpatti divā āpajjati, no ratti’’nti (pari. 323) iminā parivārapāṭhenapi siddhaṃ hotīti yojanā. Katarasmiṃ pana vatthusmiṃ idaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ vuttanti? ‘‘Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu vesāliyaṃ mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ divā vihāragato dvāraṃ vivaritvā nipanno ahosi. Tassa aṅgamaṅgāni vātupatthaddhāni ahesuṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā itthiyo gandhañca mālañca ādāya vihāraṃ āgamiṃsu vihārapekkhikāyo. Atha kho tā itthiyo taṃ bhikkhuṃ passitvā aṅgajāte abhinisīditvā yāvadatthaṃ katvā ‘purisusabho vatāya’nti vatvā gandhañca mālañca āropetvā pakkamiṃsu. Bhikkhū kilinnaṃ passitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Pañcahi, bhikkhave, ākārehi aṅgajātaṃ kammaniyaṃ hoti rāgena, vaccena, passāvena, vātena, uccāliṅgapāṇakadaṭṭhena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, pañcahākārehi aṅgajātaṃ kammaniyaṃ hoti. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ tassa bhikkhuno rāgena aṅgajātaṃ kammaniyaṃ assa, arahaṃ so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu, anāpatti bhikkhave tassa bhikkhuno. Anujānāmi bhikkhave divā paṭisallīyantena dvāraṃ saṃvaritvā paṭisallīyitu’’nti (pārā. 77) etasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ idaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
2 2. 现在为说明门的差别,而说“何种”等。其中,“旋转门”是指依关闭与开启,能够从此到彼来回转动的适宜之门。“木栓门、荆棘门”是指木栓门与荆棘门,或也可读作“木栓门荆棘门”。即:在两侧埋设木柱,于柱身处穿孔,中间横插两三根木栓而制成的门,称为木栓门。而出入时能够移开并适宜关闭,由一根或多根荆棘枝所制成的门,称为荆棘门。而为了关闭村门,以木板或荆棘枝等制作的门扇,由于没有门臼和门轴,一个人无法将其关上与打开,于是在下方安设一个轮子,使得门扇借此可以方便旋转而易于开闭,因此说为“带轮门”。因为轮子本身具有应被取用的含义,即为了开闭而应被执持的意思,故称其为轮;与它相连的门扇也称为带轮;以如是带轮所构成的门,即是带轮门。显示巴利原文
2. Idāni dvāravisesaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘kīdisa’’ntiādimāha. Tattha parivattakadvāramevāti saṃvaraṇavivaraṇavasena ito cito ca parivattanayoggadvārameva. Rukkhasūcikaṇṭakadvāranti rukkhasūcidvāraṃ kaṇṭakadvārañca. ‘‘Rukkhasūcidvārakaṇṭakadvāra’’micceva vā pāṭho. Yaṃ ubhosu passesu rukkhatthambhe nikhanitvā tattha vijjhitvā majjhe dve tisso rukkhasūciyo pavesetvā karonti, taṃ rukkhasūcidvāraṃ nāma. Pavesananikkhamanakāle apanetvā thakanayoggaṃ ekāya, bahūhi vā kaṇṭakasākhāhi kataṃ kaṇṭakadvāraṃ nāma. Gāmadvārassa pidhānatthaṃ padarena vā kaṇṭakasākhādīhi vā katassa kavāṭassa udukkhalapāsakarahitatāya ekena saṃvarituṃ vivarituñca asakkuṇeyyassa heṭṭhā ekaṃ cakkaṃ yojenti, yena parivattamānakakavāṭaṃ sukhathakanakaṃ hoti, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘cakkalakayuttadvāra’’nti. Cakkameva hi lātabbatthena saṃvaraṇavivaraṇatthāya gahetabbatthena cakkalakaṃ, tena yuttakavāṭampi cakkalakaṃ nāma, tena yuttadvāraṃ cakkalakayuttadvāraṃ.
然而,在大型的门上,则安装两个或三个轮子,因此说“于木板”等。“于席”是指以竹篾、荆棘枝条等编成的可卷闭物。“旋转席门”是指以轮轴机关联接旋转席的大门。“缝合后”是指以绳线穿缝后加以编结之后。“唯一种布幔门”是指粗席门也包含于此处的布与麻布门之中。然而在《金刚智注》中说:“布门与麻布门,是为布麻布门。凡布、麻布、粗席等所说的一切,皆摄入布麻布而说,因其性质相同,故说为一。”显示巴利原文
Mahādvāresu pana dve tīṇi cakkalakāni yojetīti āha ‘‘phalakesū’’tiādi. Kiṭikāsūti veḷupesikādīhi kaṇṭakasākhādīhi ca katathakanakesu. Saṃsaraṇakiṭikadvāranti cakkalakayantena saṃsaraṇakiṭikāyuttamahādvāraṃ. Gopphetvāti āvuṇitvā, rajjūhi ganthetvā vā. Ekaṃ dussasāṇidvāramevāti ettha kilañjasāṇidvārampi saṅgahaṃ gacchati. Vajirabuddhiṭīkāyaṃ (vajira. ṭī. pārājika 76-77) pana ‘‘dussadvāraṃ sāṇidvārañca dussasāṇidvāraṃ. Dussasāṇi kilañjasāṇītiādinā vuttaṃ sabbampi dussasāṇiyameva saṅgahetvā vuttaṃ, ekasadisattā ekanti vutta’’nti vuttaṃ.
3 3. 如此说明门的差别之后,为了进一步显示应以何种程度算作门已关闭,而说“以多少”等。其中,“针”是指在中间穿孔后插入之物。“闩”是指安装于上方者。现在为说明在关门后无法躺卧之处应如何处理,而说“若是多人使用之处”等。若非众人使用之处,得到一人许可后躺下是可以的。而经文“诸比丘坐着”等语,是为表示当时比丘们在场的情形而说,并非为了遮止其他威仪,因此即便正在躺卧,也可以作意。然而若已躺下睡着,则不应作意。由于身处于不安全的方面,如同屏处坐一般,其关门的许可本就是为了阻止女人进入而开许的,因此经文说“唯比丘尼”等。显示巴利原文
3. Evaṃ dvāravisesaṃ dassetvā idāni yattakena dvāraṃ saṃvutaṃ hoti, taṃ pamāṇaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘kittakena’’tyādimāha. Tattha sūcīti majjhe chiddaṃ katvā pavesitā. Ghaṭikāti upari yojitā. Idāni yattha dvāraṃ saṃvaritvā nipajjituṃ na sakkā hoti, tattha kātabbavidhiṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘sace bahūnaṃ vaḷañjanaṭṭhānaṃ hotī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Bahūnaṃ avaḷañjanaṭṭhānepi ekaṃ āpucchitvā nipajjituṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Atha bhikkhū…pe… nisinnā hontīti idaṃ tattha bhikkhūnaṃ sannihitabhāvadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ, na sesairiyāpathasamaṅgitānivattanatthaṃ, tasmā nipannepi ābhogaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Nipajjitvā niddāyante pana ābhogaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Asantapakkhe ṭhitattā raho nisajjāya viya dvārasaṃvaraṇaṃ nāma mātugāmānaṃ pavesanivāraṇatthaṃ anuññātanti āha ‘‘kevalaṃ bhikkhuniṃ vā’’tiādi.
此处所谓“那才是合理的”——即“然而在库伦达注疏中……不成立”这段话是注疏师们所说,这句话是合理的。依此类推……应当如此领受:正如这里库伦达中所说的话语是合理的,同样在一切处的判断中,任何后来所说的长老说或注疏说,那才应当被采纳为准则,先前所说的长老说或注疏说则不应当被采纳为准则,这是其意旨所在。不过,这句话似乎被放在了不恰当的位置。何以故?首先,所谓“那才是合理的”:在这关于请求与作意的判定中,并没有其他不合理的注疏说或长老说,因此不能这样说。因为在先前的语句中,并未作出“唯比丘们”这样的限定,而仅仅是依近处或依发端而说了“比丘们衣作”等。所谓“依此类推,在一切处”等语,也是没有根据的。因为在这个判定中,并未提及其他的注疏说或师长说,所以既看不到有先后之分,也找不到“这应被采纳为准则,这不应被采纳”的可说之处。显示巴利原文
Ettha ca taṃ yuttaṃ, evaṃ sabbatthapi yo yo theravādo vā aṭṭhakathāvādo vā pacchā vuccati, so sova pamāṇanti gahetabbanti idaṃ aṭṭhakathāvacanato atirekaṃ ācariyassa vacanaṃ. Ito pubbāparavacanaṃ aṭṭhakathāvacanameva. Tattha taṃ yuttanti ‘‘kurundaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana…pe… na vattatī’’ti yaṃ vacanaṃ aṭṭhakathācariyehi vuttaṃ, taṃ vacanaṃ yuttanti attho. Evaṃ…pe… gahetabbanti yathā cettha kurundiyaṃ vuttavacanaṃ yuttaṃ, evaṃ sabbatthapi vinicchaye yo yo theravādo vā aṭṭhakathāvādo vā pacchā vuccati, so sova pamāṇanti gahetabbaṃ, pure vutto theravādo vā aṭṭhakathāvādo vā pamāṇanti na gahetabbanti adhippāyo. Idaṃ vacanaṃ aṭṭhāne vuttaṃ viya dissati. Kathaṃ? Yaṃ tāva vuttaṃ, taṃ yuttanti. Taṃ imasmiṃ āpucchanaābhogakaraṇavinicchaye aññassa ayuttassa aṭṭhakathāvādassa vā theravādassa vā abhāvā vattuṃ na sakkā. Na hi pubbavākye ‘‘bhikkhū evā’’ti avadhāraṇaṃ kataṃ, atha kho āsannavasena vā paṭṭhānavasena vā ‘‘bhikkhū cīvarakammaṃ’’iccādikaṃyeva vuttaṃ. Yampi vuttaṃ ‘‘evaṃ sabbatthapī’’tyādi, tampi anokāsaṃ. Imasmiṃ vinicchaye aññassa aṭṭhakathāvādassa vā ācariyavādassa vā avacanato pure pacchābhāvo ca na dissati, ayaṃ ‘‘pamāṇa’’nti gahetabbo, ayaṃ ‘‘na gahetabbo’’ti vattabbabhāvo ca.
然而,在后面解答“谁解脱,谁不解脱”这一问题时,出现了大护寺注疏说、库伦达注疏说和大注疏说这三种注疏说,以及一种大莲长老说。因此,正是在那个地方,才看得出合理与不合理、是否为准则、应接受与不应接受的区别。所以,这番话只应在那个地方说。然而,具足极为清净广大智慧与辩才的师中之尊,绝不会在不该说的处所发言,因此这番话可能是在后面比较诸注疏说之后,于“大莲长老所说”这段文句之后说的。那或许是后来抄写者调换位置而写下的,并在波罗夷篇的注疏中记录了下来。在复注中,此处未作说明,仅在后文提及。对于“被夜叉附身者,以及被捆绑而令躺下者”这一注疏说,因为是后来所说,所以那才应被采纳为准则。同样地,也将说到:“在一切处,任何后来所说的注疏说或长老说,那才应当被视作准则。”因此,在这里应当审察之后而领受。显示巴利原文
Upari pana ‘‘ko muccati, ko na muccatī’’ti imassa pañhassa vissajjane mahāpaccarivādo ca kurundivādo ca mahāaṭṭhakathāvādo cāti tayo aṭṭhakathāvādā āgatā, eko mahāpadumattheravādo, tasmā tattheva yuttāyuttabhāvo ca pamāṇāpamāṇabhāvo ca gahetabbāgahetabbabhāvo ca dissati, tasmā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne vattabbaṃ siyā, suvimalavipulapaññāveyyattiyasamannāgatena pana ācariyāsabhena avattabbaṭṭhāne vuttaṃ na siyā, tasmā upari aṭṭhakathāvādasaṃsandanāvasāne mahāpadumattherena vuttanti imassa vacanassa pacchato vuttaṃ siyā, taṃ pacchā lekhakehi parivattetvā likhitaṃ bhaveyya, pārājikakaṇḍaṭṭhakathāyañca idaṃ vacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Ṭīkāyañca imasmiṃ ṭhāne na vuttaṃ, upariyeva vuttaṃ, ‘‘yo ca yakkhagahitako, yo ca bandhitvā nipajjāpito’’ti imassa aṭṭhakathāvādassa pacchimattā soyeva pamāṇato gahetabbo. Tathā ca vakkhati ‘‘sabbattha yo yo aṭṭhakathāvādo vā theravādo vā pacchā vuccati, so soyeva pamāṇato daṭṭhabbo’’ti, tasmā idamettha vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ.
4 4. 现在,为了说明当有障碍而无法关闭门户时,即使不关门也可以躺下,而说“另外,关于门……”等语。“将梯子架上去后”,是指将梯子架到上层后,将其拆散弃于地上,或丢弃之后,方可以躺下。这是针对同一栋建筑物而言的。关于“两扇门都应守护”,在此处,如果一扇门没有门扇,或无法依前述方法关闭,则可以不关另一扇门而躺下。“守门者”,是指在门楼、大门处,或梯子根部站立守护门户的人。“后面的人的责任”,是就来自同一栋建筑物的人所说。应连接为“在未关闭门的……内室”。“外”,是指内室之外。在躺下时……也是可以的:在此处,他们说,因为那时守门者已依附于他,所以即使不去思虑守门者当时是否在场,也可以作意。显示巴利原文
4. Idāni dvāraṃ saṃvaraṇassa antarāye sati asaṃvaritvāpi nipajjituṃ vaṭṭatīti dassetuṃ ‘‘atha dvārassa’’tyādimāha. Nisseṇiṃ āropetvāti uparimatalaṃ āropetvā visaṅkharitvā bhūmiyaṃ pātetvā, chaḍḍetvā vā nipajjituṃ vaṭṭati. Idaṃ ekābaddhatāya vuttaṃ. Dvepi dvārāni jaggitabbānīti ettha sace ekasmiṃ dvāre kavāṭaṃ vā natthi, heṭṭhā vuttanayena saṃvarituṃ vā na sakkā , itaraṃ dvāraṃ asaṃvaritvā nipajjituṃ vaṭṭati. Dvārapālassāti dvārakoṭṭhake mahādvāre, nisseṇimūle vā ṭhatvā dvārajagganakassa. Pacchimānaṃ bhāroti ekābaddhavasena āgacchante sandhāya vuttaṃ. Asaṃvutadvāre antogabbhe vāti yojetabbaṃ. Bahi vāti gabbhato bahi. Nipajjanakālepi…pe… vaṭṭatiyevāti ettha dvārajagganakassa tadadhīnattā tadā tassa tattha sannihitāsannihitabhāvaṃ anupadhāretvāpi ābhogaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatiyevāti vadanti.
“以任何方式围绕”:在此,围绕物高度的标准,与共宿戒中所说相同。如《一切善见》中说:“凡住所,上方以五种屋顶或其他任何方式完全覆盖,即名为‘全覆卧处’……凡住所,从地面直至触及屋顶,以墙或其他任何方式,乃至以布围绕,即名为‘全围卧处’。”《库伦达义疏》中说:“即使未触及屋顶,以最低一肘半高的墙等围绕,也是‘全围卧处’。”《义灯》与《除疑》中说:“一肘半高应按工匠肘理解。”“大庭院”即大院子,以此显示众人往来之处,因此说“大菩提”等。显示巴利原文
Yena kenaci parikkhitteti ettha parikkhepassa ubbedhato pamāṇaṃ sahaseyyappahonake vuttasadisameva. Vuttañhi samantapāsādikāyaṃ (pāci. aṭṭha. 51) ‘‘yañhi senāsanaṃ upari pañcahi chadanehi aññena vā kenaci sabbameva paṭicchannaṃ, ayaṃ sabbacchannā nāma seyyā…pe… yaṃ pana senāsanaṃ bhūmito paṭṭhāya yāva chadanaṃ āhacca pākārena vā aññena vā kenaci antamaso vatthenapi parikkhittaṃ, ayaṃ sabbaparicchannā nāma seyyā. Chadanaṃ anāhacca sabbantimena pariyāyena diyaḍḍhahatthubbedhena pākārādinā parikkhittāpi sabbaparicchannāyevāti kurundaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutta’’nti. ‘‘Diyaḍḍhahatthubbedho vaḍḍhakihatthena gahetabbo’’ti sāratthadīpaniyaṃ (sārattha. ṭī. pācittiya 3.51) vimativinodaniyañca (vi. vi. ṭī. pācittiya 2.50-51) vuttaṃ. Mahāpariveṇanti mahantaṃ aṅgaṇaṃ. Tena bahujanasañcaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ dasseti. Tenāha ‘‘mahābodhī’’tiādi.
“于黎明出现时起身”:无犯,因为是在属于无犯领域的夜间以清净心躺卧。醒来后再睡,则有犯:在黎明出现时醒来,无论知或不知黎明已出现,不起身而继续以躺卧的相续睡眠,由于未做应做的关门等事,以不作为为起源的罪过便生起,因为在无犯领域所作的躺卧行为已不复存在。应知此罪过在此情形下属不作为;在白天不关门而躺下的刹那,则既是作为,也是不作为,且是无心的。“即使于黎明前醒来,若一直睡到黎明出现,依前述方式也是有犯。”显示巴利原文
Aruṇe uggate vuṭṭhāti, anāpatti anāpattikhettabhūtāya rattiyā suddhacittena nipannattā. Pabujjhitvā puna supati, āpattīti aruṇe uggate pabujjhitvā aruṇuggamanaṃ ñatvā vā añatvā vā anuṭṭhahitvā sayitasantānena supati, uṭṭhahitvā kattabbassa dvārasaṃvaraṇādino akatattā akiriyasamuṭṭhānā āpatti hoti anāpattikhette katanipajjanakiriyāya anaṅgattā. Ayañhi āpatti īdise ṭhāne akiriyā, divā dvāraṃ asaṃvaritvā nipajjanakkhaṇe kiriyākiriyā ca acittakā cāti veditabbā. Purāruṇā pabujjhitvāpi yāva aruṇuggamanā sayantassapi purimanayena āpattiyeva.
“我将于黎明出现时起身”……也是有犯。问:何时有犯?答:并非在夜间,因为说“犯在白天,非在夜间”,故不脱不敬恶作。然而所说的恶作并非白天躺卧的恶作,因为那仅是不敬恶作。《除疑》中说:“应知在黎明出现时,是以无心、不作为为起源的罪过。”《义灯》中说:“‘如所限定而起身’是指在黎明出现时即起身。他的罪过:由于以不清净心躺下,即使在睡眠中,黎明出现时,也生起以白天独处为根源的罪过。因为说‘这样躺下者不脱不敬恶作’,所以以不清净心躺下者,无论于黎明出现前起身或不起身,在躺下时即犯不敬恶作,而以白天独处为根源的恶作则于黎明时方犯。”因此应知,这样躺下者犯两个恶作。显示巴利原文
Aruṇe uggate vuṭṭhahissāmīti…pe… āpattiyevāti ettha kadā assa āpattīti? Vuccate – na tāva rattiyaṃ, ‘‘divā āpajjati, no ratti’’nti (pari. 323) vuttattā anādariyadukkaṭā na muccatīti vuttadukkaṭaṃ pana divāsayanadukkaṭameva na hoti anādariyadukkaṭattā eva. ‘‘Aruṇuggamane pana acittakaṃ akiriyasamuṭṭhānaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjatīti veditabba’’nti vimativinodaniyaṃ (vi. vi. ṭī. 1.77) vuttaṃ, sāratthadīpaniyampi (sārattha. ṭī. pārājika 2.77) ‘‘yathāparicchedameva vuṭṭhātīti aruṇe uggateyeva uṭṭhahati. Tassa āpattīti asuddhacitteneva nipannattā niddāyantassapi aruṇe uggate divāpaṭisallānamūlikā āpatti. ‘Evaṃ nipajjanto anādariyadukkaṭāpi na muccatī’ti vuttattā asuddhacittena nipajjanto aruṇuggamanato puretaraṃ uṭṭhahantopi anuṭṭhahantopi nipajjanakāleyeva anādariyadukkaṭaṃ āpajjati, divāpaṭisallānamūlikaṃ pana dukkaṭaṃ aruṇeyeva āpajjatī’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā evaṃ nipajjantassa dve dukkaṭāni āpajjantīti veditabbaṃ.
若闭门,心想“待明相出时即起身”而躺卧,即便明相出时他人将门打开,彼亦无犯,因为关门在昼夜中并无差别。应知:唯结罪之时间有差异,而避免结罪则无差别。《波罗夷义注》中说:“闭门夜卧。”白天闭门躺卧,即便门被他人打开亦无犯;自己虽未起身,因有因缘门被打开亦无犯。此亦是《除疑》中所说。显示巴利原文
Sace dvāraṃ saṃvaritvā aruṇe uggate uṭṭhahissāmīti nipajjati, dvāre ca aññehi aruṇuggamanakāle vivaṭepi tassa anāpattiyeva dvārapidahanassa rattidivābhāgesu visesābhāvā. Āpattiāpajjanasseva kālaviseso icchitabbo, na tapparihārassāti gahetabbaṃ. ‘‘Dvāraṃ saṃvaritvā rattiṃ nipajjatī’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.77) hi vuttaṃ. Divā saṃvaritvā nipannassa kenaci vivaṭepi dvāre anāpattiyeva, attanāpi anuṭṭhahitvāva sati paccaye vivaṭepi anāpattīti vadanti, idampi vimativinodaniyameva (vi. vi. ṭī. 1.77) vuttaṃ.
“依所限定而起身”:即于明相出时起身。“有犯”是就根本罪而言。然而,不敬之罪,即便在明相前起身者亦有,因说“不脱恶作”。“不脱恶作”意指:虽在明相前起身而脱根本罪,仍不脱不敬之恶作。显示巴利原文
Yathāparicchedameva vuṭṭhātīti aruṇe uggateyeva vuṭṭhāti, āpattiyevāti mūlāpattiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Anādariyaāpatti pana purāruṇā uṭṭhitassapi tassa hoteva ‘‘dukkaṭā na muccatī’’ti vuttattā. Dukkaṭā na muccatīti ca purāruṇā uṭṭhahitvā mūlāpattiyā muttopi anādariyadukkaṭā na muccatīti adhippāyo.
5 “因昏睡而躺下”:即被昏睡所支配,侧身躺下。“因昏睡而躺下”是依世俗表达而说,然因其脚未离地面,此人实为“躺卧”,故据此说无犯。“不倚靠而眠者”:即从腰部以上,不使脊骨触及地面少许而眠。若腰部触及地面,则不称为“躺卧”。因伸直脊背即是“卧”相,若长久伸直,乃至在礼敬等时,脊骨横向伸展亦属躺卧,故应避免。即便礼敬,如说“在足下躺卧”等,亦说为躺卧。“突然起身”:如因绊倒而跌落者般忽然起身,此人亦无犯,因跌倒刹那非其能力所及,而能力恢复时即起身。然而,若因昏迷而事后亦无力起身者,则如跌倒刹那,实无犯。“就那样躺着不起身”:以此显示即便在有能力时亦不采取行动,故据此说彼有犯。显示巴利原文
5.Niddāvasena nipajjatīti niddābhibhūtatāya ekapassena nipajjati. ‘‘Niddāvasena nipajjatī’’ti vohāravasena vuttaṃ, pādānaṃ pana bhūmito amocitattā ayaṃ nipanno nāma hotīti teneva anāpatti vuttā. Apassāya supantassāti kaṭiṭṭhito uddhaṃ piṭṭhikaṇṭake appamattakaṃ padesaṃ bhūmiṃ aphusāpetvā supantassa. Kaṭiṭṭhiṃ pana bhūmiṃ phusāpentassa sayanaṃ nāma na hoti. Piṭṭhipasāraṇalakkhaṇā hi seyyā dīghā, vandanādīsupi tiriyaṃ piṭṭhikaṇṭakānaṃ pasāritattā nipajjanamevāti āpatti pariharitabbāva. Vandanāpi hi pādamūle nipajjatītiādīsu nipajjanameva vuttā. Sahasā vuṭṭhātīti pakkhalitā patito viya sahasā vuṭṭhāti, tassapi anāpatti patanakkhaṇe avisayattā, visaye jāte sahasā vuṭṭhitattā ca. Yassa pana visaññitāya pacchāpi avisayo eva, tassa anāpattiyeva patanakkhaṇe viya. Tattheva sayati, na vuṭṭhātīti iminā visayepi akaraṇaṃ dasseti, teneva tassa āpattīti vuttaṃ.
现在,为与注疏之说对照,而说“谁得免除,谁不得免除?”等。其中,在“大筏注”等中,“筏”是指木筏,因坐在那上面而作,故得此名。有一个名为“古伦提藤蔓寺”的寺院,因在那里而作,故得名“古伦提”。“大注疏”是登上三次结集、为三藏佛语所作的注疏,由大玛欣德长老带到铜叶岛,后来由铜叶岛的长老们用锡兰语整理而成。“以一侧屈身”:即以一种侧身的姿势,双脚未离地面,将身体侧向一边而躺卧,这是所说的意思。然而,在大注疏中,为大莲华长老所说,此即其关联。他以“此”指示大注疏中所记载的大莲华长老的主张。长老说:“因昏迷而跌倒,由于非其能力所及,故不见有犯。”但是,诸阿阇梨则说:如同被夜叉附体者、被捆绑而令躺卧者,是受他人控制;同样,因昏迷而跌倒,若在知觉后仍躺卧,并非无犯,他们说这不名为无犯。然而,若是在完全失去知觉的情况下,则确实无犯。显示巴利原文
Idāni aṭṭhakathāvādasaṃsandanaṃ kātuṃ ‘‘ko muccati, ko na muccatī’’tiādimāha. Tattha mahāpaccariyantiādīsu paccarīti uḷumpaṃ vuccati, tasmiṃ nisīditvā katattā tameva nāmaṃ jātaṃ. Kurundivallivihāro nāma atthi, tattha katattā kurundīti nāmaṃ jātaṃ. Mahāaṭṭhakathā nāma saṅgītittayamāruḷhā tepiṭakassa buddhavacanassa aṭṭhakathā. Yā mahāmahindattherena tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ ābhatā, tambapaṇṇiyehi therehi pacchā sīhaḷabhāsāya abhisaṅkhatā ca hoti. Ekabhaṅgenāti ekapassabhañjanena pāde bhūmito amocetvā ekapassena sarīraṃ bhañjitvā nipannoti vuttaṃ hoti. Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana mahāpadumattherena vuttanti sambandho. Tena mahāaṭṭhakathāya likhitamahāpadumattheravāde ‘‘aya’’nti dasseti. ‘‘Mucchitvā patitattā avisayattā āpatti na dissatī’’ti therena vuttaṃ. Ācariyā pana yathā yakkhagahitako bandhitvā nipajjāpito ca paravaso hoti, evaṃ aparavasattā mucchitvā patito kañcikālaṃ jānitvā nipajjatīti anāpattiṃ na vadanti, visaññite pana sati anāpattiyeva.
“两种人”等语正是大注疏中的话,因其在后文被引述,故为准则。在此,以“被夜叉附体者”之语,亦包含了失去知觉者;然而,以一侧屈身而躺卧者,由于并非真正的躺卧,故应知确实从犯戒中免除。在《萨罗他迪巴尼》中亦说:“被夜叉附体者,以及被捆绑而令躺卧者”,此注疏之说因在后,故应以其为准则;同样,将说:“于一切处,凡注疏之说在后被陈述者,即应以其为准则。”在此,因引用了这段注疏文,故在这部《律摄论》中,也应在此处说此段文,我并不同意。在此,由于“夜间开门而躺卧,于黎明升起时起身,无犯”等语,为消除关于黎明升起的疑惑,应说黎明论。于此,这样说:显示巴利原文
Dve janātiādi mahāaṭṭhakathāyameva vacanaṃ, tadeva pacchā vuttattā pamāṇaṃ. Yakkhagahitaggahaṇeneva cettha visaññibhūtopi saṅgahito, ekabhaṅgena nipanno pana anipannattā āpattito muccatiyevāti gahetabbaṃ. Sāratthadīpaniyañca (sārattha. ṭī. 2.77) ‘‘yo ca yakkhagahitako, yo ca bandhitvā nipajjāpito’’ti imassa aṭṭhakathāvādassa pacchimattā soyeva pamāṇato gahetabbo, tathā ca vakkhati ‘‘sabbattha yo yo aṭṭhakathāvādo vā pacchā vuccati, so soyeva pamāṇato gahetabbo’’ti. Imasmiṃ ṭhāne imassa aṭṭhakathāpāṭhassa ānītattā imasmiṃ vinayasaṅgahappakaraṇepi imasmiṃyeva ṭhāne so pāṭho vattabboti no khanti. Ettha ca ‘‘rattiṃ dvāraṃ vivaritvā nipanno aruṇe uggate uṭṭhāti, anāpattī’’tiādivacanato aruṇuggamane saṃsayavinodanatthaṃ aruṇakathā vattabbā. Tatridaṃ vuccati –
‘‘Ko esa aruṇo nāma; Kena so aruṇo bhave; Kīdiso tassa vaṇṇā tu; Saṇṭhānaṃ kīdisaṃ bhave. ‘‘Kismiṃ kāle ca dese ca, aruṇo samugacchati; Kiṃ paccakkhasiddho eso, udāhu anumānato’’ti.
其中,‘何为黎明?’此处所说的黎明,是指太阳的一种特殊光辉。这在《阿毗达那灯论》中说:显示巴利原文
Tattha ko esa aruṇo nāmāti ettha esa aruṇo nāma sūriyassa pabhāviseso. Vuttañhetaṃ abhidhānappadīpikāyaṃ –
‘‘Sūrassodayato pubbuṭṭhitaraṃsi siyāruṇo’’ti;
其复注中亦说:‘在太阳升起之前,先出现的光辉,名为黎明。’在名为《除疑》的律复注中亦说:‘在此,黎明应被视为太阳升起前的先行者,是一种渐趋浓重的红色殊胜光辉。’因此,应知黎明正是太阳的光辉,而非其他。‘那个黎明因何而有?’在此,具足黎明之色者,称为‘黎明’,即具有某种红色的意思。或者,它以红色之相而行、而转起,故为‘黎明’。这在《阿毗达那灯论复注》中已说:‘因有黎明之色,而行(arati gacchati),故为黎明(aruṇo)。’‘它的颜色是怎样的?’在此,它的颜色是一种不鲜明的红色。这在《阿毗达那灯论》中已说:‘黎明是某种红色。’其复注中亦说:‘某种红色,即不鲜明的红色,名为黎明,犹如鱼眼。’在《除疑》中亦说:‘是一种渐趋浓重的红色殊胜光辉。’因此,应知黎明正是太阳的红色光辉,而非白色光辉等。若如此,在《除疑》解释‘止巴帝摩卡犍度’时说道:‘在巴利文中,nandimukhiyā,即因白净明亮的容色而喜悦的面容’,这如何说得通?并非说不通,因为在那里,是在黎明升起之时,显示巴利原文
Taṭṭīkāyañca ‘‘sūrassa udayato pubbe uṭṭhitaraṃsi aruṇo nāma siyā’’ti. Vimativinodanīnāmikāyaṃ vinayaṭīkāyañca (vi. vi. ṭī. 1.463) ‘‘aruṇoti cettha sūriyuggamanassa purecaro vaḍḍhanaghanaratto pabhāvisesoti daṭṭhabbo’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā sūriyappabhāyeva aruṇo nāma, na aññoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kena so aruṇo bhaveti ettha aruṇo vaṇṇo assāti aruṇo, kiñcirattavaṇṇasamannāgatoti attho. Atha vā arati gacchati rattavaṇṇabhāvena pavattatīti aruṇo. Vuttañhetaṃ abhidhānappadīpikāṭīkāyaṃ ‘‘aruṇavaṇṇatāya arati gacchatīti aruṇo’’ti. Kīdiso tassa vaṇṇoti ettha abyattarattavaṇṇo tassa vaṇṇo bhave. Vuttañhi abhidhānappadīpikāyaṃ ‘‘aruṇo kiñcirattothā’’ti. Taṭṭīkāyañca ‘‘kiñciratto abyattarattavaṇṇo aruṇo nāma yathā macchassa akkhī’’ti. Vimativinodaniyañca (vi. vi. ṭī. 1.463) ‘‘vaḍḍhanaghanaratto pabhāviseso’’ti, tasmā sūriyassa rattappabhāyeva aruṇo nāma, na setappabhādayoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yadi evaṃ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhakavaṇṇanāya vimativinodaniyaṃ (vi. vi. ṭī. cūḷavagga 2.383) ‘‘pāḷiyaṃ pana nandimukhiyāti odātadisāmukhatāya tuṭṭhamukhiyā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ kathaṃ yujjeyyāti, no na yujjeyya. Tattha hi aruṇuggatakāle aruṇobhāsena odātadisāmukhabhāvo vutto, na aruṇobhāsassa odātabhāvo. Vuttañhetaṃ udānaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (udā. aṭṭha. 23) ‘‘nandimukhiyāti aruṇassa uggatattā eva aruṇobhāya sūriyālokūpajīvino satte nandāpanamukhiyā rattiyā jātāya vibhāyamānāyāti attho’’ti.
又如《本生经注》中说:显示巴利原文
Jātakaṭṭhakathāyañca –
‘后夜时分,曙光初现之际;’
‘那位容颜绝伦的女神,灿然显现;’
‘正如所示,女神啊,你显现于我前;’
请告诉我,你是哪位天女?
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Jighaññarattiṃ aruṇasmimuhate; Yā dissati uttamarūpavaṇṇinī; Tathūpamā maṃ paṭibhāsi devate; Ācikkha me taṃ katamāsi accharā’’ti. (jā. aṭṭha. 5.21.254);
在解释此偈的意义时,说:“其中,‘jighaññaratti’(最劣夜)指后夜,即夜的终结。‘Uhate’指曙光升起。‘Yā’指东方,因呈现红色而显现为具有最胜形态。”如此,曙光升起之时,东方呈红色,因为曙光已起,东方便有红色显现,其余各方因阳光普照而呈白色,应如是了知。显示巴利原文
Imassa gāthāya atthavaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘‘tattha jighaññarattinti pacchimarattiṃ, rattipariyosāneti attho. Uhateti aruṇe uggate. Yāti yā puratthimā disā rattavaṇṇatāya uttamarūpadharā hutvā dissatī’’ti. Evaṃ aruṇuggatasamaye puratthimadisāya rattavaṇṇatā vuttā, tasmā tasmiṃ samaye aruṇassa uṭṭhitattā puratthimāya disāya rattabhāgo sūriyālokassa patthaṭattā sesadisānaṃ odātabhāvo viññāyati.
“其形状是怎样的?”此处,曙光并无单独、固定的形状,它仅是光芒。它遍及多少区域,便视为它的形状。或者,是指东方的形状。如《本生经注》中所说:“东方因呈现红色而显现为具有最胜形态。”显示巴利原文
Saṇṭhānaṃkīdisaṃ bhaveti ettha aruṇassa pāṭekkaṃ saṇṭhānaṃ nāma natthi rasmimattattā. Yattakaṃ padesaṃ pharati, tattakaṃ tassa saṇṭhānanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā puratthimadisāsaṇṭhānaṃ. Vuttañhi jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (jā. aṭṭha. 5.21.255) ‘‘puratthimadisā rattavaṇṇatāya uttamarūpadharā hutvā dissatī’’ti.
“曙光于何时、何处升起?”在此,曙光是在太阳升起之前,于东方升起。如《优陀那注》中所说:“‘uddhaste aruṇe’意为曙光升起;所谓曙光,是指东方在日出之前即已出现的光明。”《阿毗达那灯论》亦云:“先于日出而升起的光芒。”显示巴利原文
Kismiṃ kāle ca dese ca, aruṇo samugacchatīti ettha esa aruṇo sūriyuggamanassa pure kāle puratthimadisāyaṃ uggacchati. Vuttañhetaṃ udānaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (udā. aṭṭha. 23) ‘‘uddhaste aruṇeti uggate aruṇe, aruṇo nāma puratthimadisāyaṃ sūriyodayato puretarameva uṭṭhitobhāso’’ti. Abhidhānappadīpikāyañca ‘‘sūrassodayato pubbuṭṭhitaraṃsī’’ti.
“此曙光是现量所成,还是比量所成?”在此,此曙光唯是现量所成,并非比量所成。何以得知?因为它属于眼识所缘的色处。‘Akkhassa patī’意为现量,由于色境直接现于眼前,眼识便生起。世尊曾说:“缘于眼与色,眼识生起。”因此,此曙光之色,是由眼得见而应了知的,故唯是现量所成,并非通过“若此是,则彼当是”的反复推比而成立。善巧领解此问答之义后,智者当信解观察:夜间的光辉即是曙光。显示巴利原文
Kiṃ paccakkhasiddho eso, udāhu anumānatoti ettha ayaṃ aruṇo nāma paccakkhasiddho eva , na anumānasiddho. Kasmā viññāyatīti ce? Cakkhuviññāṇagocaravaṇṇāyatanabhāvato. Akkhassa patīti paccakkhaṃ, cakkhurūpānaṃ abhimukhabhāvena āpāthagatattā cakkhuviññāṇaṃ hoti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇa’’nti (ma. ni. 1.204, 400; 3.421, 425, 426; saṃ. ni. 2.43, 44, 45, saṃ. ni. 4.60; kathā. 465, 467), tasmā ayaṃ aruṇavaṇṇo cakkhunā disvā jānitabbato paccakkhasiddhoyeva hoti, na evaṃ sati evaṃ bhaveyyāti anumānena punappunaṃ cintanena siddhoti. Imaṃ pañhavissajjanaṃ sādhukaṃ manasi karitvā paṇḍitehi rattobhāsoyeva aruṇoti paccetabbo sallakkhetabboti.
然而,为何于此处宣说曙光之论?因为此曙光之论具有广大的适用范围。如何呢?持守布萨的优婆塞与优婆夷,若不如实了知曙光的升起,于曙光未升时,生起“已升”之想而嚼食硬食、啖食软食,或佩戴花鬘、香等,由此便破损其戒。沙弥若如是食非时食,亦致犯戒。依止而住的比丘,若离开戒师与依止师外出游行,便致依止失效;雨安居中的比丘,若走出近行界外,雨安居便中断;持三衣的比丘,在未结界处离衣而宿,犯舍堕;同样,于七日界内亦如此;于应共宿处,若与未受具足戒的女人同宿,犯波逸提;食用时药的比丘亦如是;别住者等若舍弃其行法,夜数即告中断。由于如这般众多过患皆可生起,为令有惭耻、温和的比丘如实了知曙光的升起,故知此论已为宣说。显示巴利原文
Kasmā pana imasmiṃ ṭhāne aruṇakathā vuttāti? Imissā aruṇakathāya mahāvisayabhāvato. Kathaṃ? Uposathikā upāsakā ca upāsikāyo ca aruṇuggamanaṃ tathato ajānantā anuggateyeva aruṇe uggatasaññāya khādanīyaṃ vā khādanti, bhojanīyaṃ vā bhuñjanti, mālāgandhādīni vā dhārenti, tato tesaṃ sīlaṃ bhijjati. Sāmaṇerā tatheva vikālabhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā sīlavināsaṃ pāpuṇanti. Nissayapaṭipannakā bhikkhū ācariyupajjhāyehi vinā bahisīme carantā nissayappassambhanaṃ pāpuṇanti, antovasse bhikkhū upacārasīmato bahigacchantā vassacchedaṃ, tecīvarikā bhikkhū abaddhasīmāyaṃ cīvarena vippavasantā nissaggiyapācittiyaṃ, tathā sattabbhantarasīmāyaṃ, sahaseyyappahonakaṭṭhāne anupasampannamātugāmehi saha sayantā pācittiyaṃ, tathā yāvakālikaṃ bhuñjantā bhikkhū, pārivāsikādayo vattaṃ nikkhipantā ratticchedaṃ. Evamādianekādīnavasambhavato lajjipesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tathato aruṇuggamanassa jānanatthaṃ vuttāti daṭṭhabbā.
然而,有些比丘于半夜时分,由于水钟已空,便认为过了半夜即是另一日,曙光已起,于是过了半夜便食用硬食、软食等。但他们不了知佛陀的教法,只凭忆念吠陀教法如此行事,因此他们的做法不足为凭。又有许多比丘,既不了知曙光现量的实相,也不能以比量来观察,只凭传闻轻信他人所说:‘我们的老师们在曙光升起时起身而行,日出时已走过两千杖量或三千杖量。’或者说:‘从此寺院到某寺院、某塔、某村’等,如此传述传闻之语,也不足为凭。何以故?所谓路程,对强壮敏捷者则短,对虚弱疲惫者则长。世尊曾说:显示巴利原文
Keci pana bhikkhū aḍḍharattisamaye ghaṭisuññattā aḍḍharattikālaṃ atikkamma aññadivaso hoti, tasmā tasmiṃ kāle aruṇaṃ uṭṭhitaṃ nāma hotīti maññamānā aḍḍharattiṃ atikkamma khādanīyabhojanīyādīni bhuñjanti, te pana buddhasamayaṃ ajānantā vedasamayameva manasi karontā evaṃ karonti, tasmā tesaṃ taṃkaraṇaṃ pamāṇaṃ na hoti. Bahavo pana bhikkhū aruṇassa paccakkhabhāvaṃ ajānantā anumānavasena cintituñca asakkontā anussavavaseneva paravacanaṃ saddahantā amhākaṃ ācariyā aruṇuggamanavelāyaṃ uṭṭhāya gacchantā sūriyuggamanavelāyaṃ dvisahassadaṇḍappamāṇaṃ ṭhānaṃ pāpuṇanti, tisahassadaṇḍappamāṇaṃ ṭhānaṃ pāpuṇantīti ca vadanti. Imamhā vihārā asukaṃ nāma vihāraṃ asukaṃ nāma cetiyaṃ asukaṃ nāma gāmaṃ pāpuṇantītiādīni ca vadantīti evaṃ anussavavacanaṃ vadanti, tampi appamāṇaṃ. Kasmā? Addhānaṃ nāma balavantassa javasampannassa ca rassaṃ hoti, dubbalassa santassa ca dīghaṃ hoti. Vuttañhi bhagavatā –
醒者之夜长,疲者之路长;
愚者轮回长,因不了知正法。
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Dīghā jāgarato ratti, dīghaṃ santassa yojanaṃ; Dīgho bālāna saṃsāro, saddhammaṃ avijānata’’nti. (dha. pa. 60);
因此,所谓路程,对一切人而言并非相同,故不能以此作为曙光出现的相。而且,这些尊者们并未从三藏中举出任何可作证成的语句,如同无有证人而妄自断定一般,仅是随己意而说,故不足为凭。显示巴利原文
Tasmā addhānaṃ nāma sabbesaṃ ekasadisaṃ na hotīti aruṇuggamanassa lakkhaṇaṃ bhavituṃ na sakkā, na ca te āyasmanto piṭakattayato kiñci sādhakabhūtaṃ vacanaṃ āharanti, asakkhikaṃ aḍḍaṃ karonti viya yathājjhāsayameva vadantīti pamāṇaṃ na hoti.
另有一些人则说:显示巴利原文
Aññe pana –
过去夜的末分,
或其一半
未来日的初击
或其一半,或今日等,即成为
显示巴利原文 ‘‘Atītarattiyā yāmo; Pacchimoḍḍhamamussa vā; Bhāviniyādippahāro; Tadaḍḍhaṃ vājjatehya hoti –
引述了《迦旃延精要论》中的偈颂之后,有人说:“过去夜的最后时分已包含于今日,故从最后时分之始,黎明升起。”此说因具有理由而令人信服,所以较前说更有力,但即便如此,仍不合理。为何?因为此偈乃是依照外典声论中《姜嘎达萨论》所说的道理,为了显示“今日”一词的使用时段而说——也就是“今日有”这个“今日”用语所通行的时段——并不是为了显示三藏中所说的黎明升起之时。因此,是以成立其他意义的道理来成立此处的意义,故不合理。显示巴利原文
Kaccāyanasārappakaraṇāgataṃ gāthaṃ vatvā atītarattiyā pacchimo yāmo ajja pariyāpanno, tasmā pacchimayāmassa ādito paṭṭhāya aruṇaṃ uggacchatī’’ti vadanti. Ayaṃ vādo sakāraṇasaññāpakattā purimehi balavā hoti, evaṃ santepi ayuttoyeva. Kasmā? Ayañhi gāthā bāhirasaddasatthe jaṅgadāsappakaraṇe vuttanayena ajja bhavā ajjatanīti vuttaajjavohārassa pavattanakālaṃ dassetuṃ vuttā, na piṭakattaye vuttassa aruṇuggamanassa kālaṃ dassetuṃ, tasmā aññasādhyassa aññasādhakena sādhitattā ayuttoyeva.
另有人说:因为《名称灯》中说“击时即是更时的异名”,所以击时与更时二词同义;而该处又说“三更为夜”,且夜晚确实具有三更的特性;再者,律藏中说:“尊者,夜已深,最后更已出,黎明已升。”因此,在夜晚的四击时当中,第三击时结束时黎明升起,故而剩下的一击时量属于白天。此说比第三说更强。为何?因为能诠与所诠相应之故。如是,“击时即是更时的异名”这一能诠表述,适用于击时与更时同义;“三更为夜”这一表述,适用于夜晚有三更的特性;“又律藏中”等语句,则适用于第三击时之末黎明升起。但即便如此,仍不合理。为何?因为与“剩下的一击时量属于白天”这句话相违。在中心地区,是以十个伽提咖的时间为一击时,因此整夜唯有三更,而非四更;然而在边地诸域,则以七个或八个伽提咖的时间为一击时,故而成为四击时。因此,《名称灯》中采用了中心地区的用语而说“三更为夜”,律藏中亦说“最后更已出,黎明已升”,所以应当理解为黎明在夜尽之时升起。正如《疑惑消除》中所说:“同样地,对于别住者等,也说夜晚的期限是不待黎明升起而舍弃职事,因为说应在黎明升起时舍弃。”显示巴利原文
Apare pana ‘‘pahāro yāmasaññito’’ti abhidhānappadīpikāyaṃ vuttattā pahārayāmasaddānaṃ ekatthattā tattheva ‘‘tiyāmā saṃvarī bhave’’ti vuttattā rattiyā ca tiyāmabhāvato pāḷiyañca (udā. 45; cūḷava. 383) ‘‘abhikkantā , bhante, ratti, nikkhanto pacchimo yāmo, uddhasto aruṇo’’ti āgatattā idāni rattiyā catūsu pahāresu tatiyappahārassa avasāne aruṇo uggato, tasmā avasesaekappahāramatto kālo divasabhāgaṃ bhajatīti vadeyyuṃ, ayaṃ vādo tatiyavādatopi balavataro. Kasmā? Ñāpakañāpyānaṃ anurūpabhāvato. Tathā hi ‘‘pahāro yāmasaññito’’ti ayaṃ ñāpako pahārayāmānaṃ ekatthabhāvassa anurūpo, ‘‘tiyāmā saṃvarībhave’’ti ayaṃ rattiyā tiyāmabhāvassa, ‘‘pāḷiyañcā’’tiādi tatiyappahārassa avasāne aruṇuggamanassa, tathāpi ayuttoyeva hoti. Kasmā? ‘‘Avasesaekappahāramatto kālo divasabhāgaṃ bhajatī’’ti vacanassa viruddhattā. Majjhimadese hi dasaghaṭikāpamāṇassa kālassa ekappahārattā sabbā ratti tiyāmāva hoti, na catuyāmā, idāni pana paccantavisayesu sattaṭṭhaghaṭikāmattassa kālassa ekappahārakatattā catuppahārā bhavati, tasmā majjhimadesavohāraṃ gahetvā abhidhānappadīpikāyañca ‘‘tiyāmā saṃvarī bhave’’ti vuttaṃ, pāḷiyañca (udā. 45; cūḷava. 383) ‘‘nikkhanto pacchimo yāmo, uddhasto aruṇo’’ti, tasmā rattipariyosāneyeva aruṇo uggatoti daṭṭhabbo. Tathā hi vuttaṃ vimativinodaniyaṃ (vi. vi. ṭī. mahāvagga 2.201) ‘‘tathā pārivāsikādīnampi aruṇaṃ anuṭṭhāpetvā vattaṃ nikkhipantānaṃ ratticchedo vutto, uggate aruṇe nikkhipitabbanti hi vutta’’nti.
在共宿学处(波逸提52-54)中也说:“为了解除与未受具足戒者共住的状态,应在黎明前离去”等。同样,在衣离宿等一切处,都是以夜尽到来时的方式显示黎明升起,而不是以黎明已过(过去时)的方式来显示。在《本生注》中也说:“夜终时,此为其义。”事实上,不仅在中心地区夜晚有三时分,白天也有。正如《殊胜义注》中所说:“正自觉者的阿毗达摩教授结束时,与那些比丘们领受七部论,是在一个时分中完成的。”《根本复注》中说:“一时分,在此处,时分是指白天的三分之一。”由此可知,一昼夜共有六时分。因此,按照中心地区的用语,在称为三更的三个时分结束、整夜终结时升起的黎明,若以边地的用语理解为三时分的结束,而说黎明在剩余一个时分时升起,则应当看出,这种说法也是不合理的。显示巴利原文
Sahaseyyasikkhāpadepi (pāci. 52-54) ‘‘anupasampannehi saha nivutthabhāvaparimocanatthaṃ purāruṇā nikkhamitvā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Evaṃ cīvaravippavāsādīsu ca sabbattha rattipariyosāne āgamanavasena aruṇuggamanaṃ dassitaṃ, na atītāruṇavasenāti. Jātakaṭṭhakathāyampi (jā. aṭṭha. 5.21.255) ‘‘rattipariyosāneti attho’’ti. Na kevalaṃ majjhimadesesu rattiyāyeva tippahārabhāvo hoti , atha kho divasassapi. Tathā hi vuttaṃ aṭṭhasāliniyaṃ (dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā) ‘‘sammāsambuddhassa abhidhammadesanāpariyosānañca tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sattappakaraṇauggahaṇañca ekappahāreneva hotī’’ti, mūlaṭīkāyañca (dha. sa. mūlaṭī. nidānakathāvaṇṇanā) ‘‘ekappahārenāti ettha pahāroti divasassa tatiyabhāgo vuccatī’’ti, tasmā eko rattidivo chappahāro hotīti viññāyati. Evaṃ majjhimadesavohārena tiyāmasaṅkhātassa tippahārassa avasāne sabbarattipariyosāne uṭṭhitaṃ aruṇaṃ paccantadesavohārena tippahārassa avasāneti gahetvā ekappahārāvasesakāle aruṇo uggatoti vuttattā ayampi vādo ayuttoyeva hotīti daṭṭhabbo.
然而,许多智者说:‘在《小学》的依止中说——’显示巴利原文
Bahavo pana paṇḍitā ‘‘khuddasikkhānissaye vuttaṃ –
‘白黎明色为第一,第二为难地亚瓦德花色;
第三为铜色,第四为驴面色。’
显示巴利原文 ‘Setaruṇañca paṭhamaṃ, dutiyaṃ nandiyāvaṭṭaṃ; Tatiyaṃ tambavaṇṇañca, catutthaṃ gadrabhaṃ mukha’nti. –
依此偈颂,一夜之中,黎明四次升起:第一次为白色,第二次为欢喜旋花色,第三次为铜色,第四次为驴面色。”如此说后,这些人便在夜光未至、依然属於过去夜分之时,就作舍弃活动等羯磨。他们的这种做法,陷入了不审察。此偈颂既不见于圣典,也不见于义注,不见于复注,仅见于依书;而在诸依书中,也仅见于一部《小学依》,不见于其他依书。在那里,也既不见其前后关联,不见其因缘等关系,也没有性、数上的限定,因此不应是依书的作者阿阇梨所安立,而应是后来其他书写者随自己的意愿写下的。于是,这偈颂从何处得来?是从圣典、或是义注、或是复注、或是律、或是经、或是阿毗达摩?不探究来源,仅以在依书中所见为真,不审察圣典、义注、复注中所说之语而贸然行事,由此陷入了不审察。显示巴利原文
Imaṃ gāthaṃ nissāya ekarattiyaṃ aruṇo catukkhattuṃ uṭṭhahati, tattha paṭhamaṃ setavaṇṇaṃ hoti, dutiyaṃ nandiyāvaṭṭapupphavaṇṇaṃ hoti, tatiyaṃ tambavaṇṇaṃ hoti, catutthaṃ gadrabhamukhavaṇṇaṃ hotī’’ti vatvā rattobhāsato puretaraṃ atītarattikāleyeva vattanikkhipanādikammaṃ karonti. Tesaṃ taṃ karaṇaṃ anisammakāritaṃ āpajjati. Ayañhi gāthā neva pāḷiyaṃ dissati, na aṭṭhakathāyaṃ, na ṭīkāsu, kevalaṃ nissaye eva, nissayesu ca ekasmiṃyeva khuddasikkhānissaye dissati, na aññanissayesu, tatthāpi neva pubbāparasambandho dissati, na hetuphalādibhāvo, na ca liṅganiyamoti na nissayakārācariyena ṭhapitā bhaveyya, atha kho pacchā aññehi lekhakehi vā attano icchānurūpaṃ likhitā bhaveyya, tasmā ayaṃ gāthā kuto ābhatā pāḷito vā aṭṭhakathāto vā ṭīkāto vā vinayato vā suttantato vā abhidhammato vāti pabhavaṃ apariyesitvā nissaye diṭṭhamattameva sārato gahetvā pāḷiyaṭṭhakathāṭīkāsu vuttavacanaṃ anisāmetvā katattā anisammakāritaṃ āpajjati.
关于此事,律藏圣典如是说:“那时,佛世尊在寒冬的夜间、八分夜之中、降雪的时候,夜晚在露地只着一件衣坐着,世尊不感到寒冷。初夜过去时,世尊感到寒冷,便披上第二件衣,世尊不再寒冷。中夜过去时,世尊感到寒冷,便披上第三件衣,世尊不再寒冷。后夜过去时,曙光升起,正值喜面夜时,世尊感到寒冷,便披上第四件衣,世尊不再寒冷。”这是《大品》中衣犍度所载的律藏圣典。圣典中所说的“喜面”,意为喜悦之面、明净的方面。这是《疑惑消除复注》中的文句。显示巴利原文
Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi ‘‘tena kho pana samayena buddho bhagavā sītāsu hemantikāsu rattīsu antaraṭṭhakāsu himapātasamaye rattiṃ ajjhokāse ekacīvaro nisīdi, na bhagavantaṃ sītaṃ ahosi. Nikkhante paṭhame yāme sītaṃ bhagavantaṃ ahosi, dutiyaṃ bhagavā cīvaraṃ pārupi, na bhagavantaṃ sītaṃ ahosi. Nikkhante majjhime yāme sītaṃ bhagavantaṃ ahosi, tatiyaṃ bhagavā cīvaraṃ pārupi, na bhagavantaṃ sītaṃ ahosi. Nikkhante pacchime yāme uddhaste aruṇe nandimukhiyā rattiyā sītaṃ bhagavantaṃ ahosi, catutthaṃ bhagavā cīvaraṃ pārupi, na bhagavantaṃ sītaṃ ahosī’’ti. Ayaṃ mahāvagge (mahāva. 346) cīvarakkhandhakāgatā vinayapāḷi. Pāḷiyaṃ nandimukhiyāti tuṭṭhimukhiyā, pasannadisāmukhāyāti attho. Ayaṃ taṃsaṃvaṇṇanāya vimativinodanīpāṭho (vi. vi. ṭī. mahāvagga 2.346).
律藏另一处圣典同样说:“那时,佛世尊住在舍卫城东园鹿母讲堂。那时,正值布萨日,世尊被比丘僧众围绕而坐。当时,具寿阿难见夜色渐深,初夜分已过,便从座起身,偏袒一肩上衣,面向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说:‘尊者,夜已深,初夜分已过,比丘僧众已坐了很久,尊者,愿世尊为比丘们诵说巴帝摩卡。’听闻此言,世尊默然。具寿阿难第二次等到夜色渐深,中夜分已过,又从座起身,偏袒一肩上衣,面向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说:‘尊者,夜已深,中夜分已过,比丘僧众已坐了很久,尊者,愿世尊为比丘们诵说巴帝摩卡。’第二次,世尊依然默然。具寿阿难第三次等到夜色渐深,后夜分已过,曙光升起,夜已至喜面时分,又从座起身,偏袒一肩上衣,面向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说:‘尊者,夜已深,后夜分已过,曙光升起,夜已至喜面时分,比丘僧众已坐了很久,尊者,愿世尊为比丘们诵说巴帝摩卡。’世尊说:‘阿难,众不清净。’”这是《小品》中巴帝摩卡止犍度所载的另一律藏圣典。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tena kho pana samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde . Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nisinno hoti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā nikkhante paṭhame yāme uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – abhikkantā, bhante ratti, nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmo, ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho, uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhanti. Evaṃ vutte bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā nikkhante majjhime yāme uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – abhikkantā, bhante, ratti, nikkhanto majjhimo yāmo, ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho, uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhanti. Dutiyampi bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā nikkhante pacchime yāme uddhaste aruṇe nandimukhiyā rattiyā uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – abhikkantā, bhante, ratti, nikkhanto pacchimo yāmo, uddhastaṃ aruṇaṃ, nandimukhī ratti, ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho, uddisatu bhante bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhanti. Aparisuddhā, ānanda, parisā’’ti (cūḷava. 383). Ayaṃ cūḷavagge pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhakāgatā aparāpi vinayapāḷi.
“夜已喜面”:在曙光升起之时,夜晚显现出如同喜悦的面容,因此称为“夜已喜面”。这是《善见》注疏中的相关解释。“已深”即已尽。“曙光已升”指曙光之端已经升起。“喜面”即喜悦之面。这是《义灯》复注中的解释。圣典中的“夜已喜面”,意指白净之面、喜悦之面。这是《疑惑消除》复注中的解释。显示巴利原文
Nandimukhiyā rattiyāti aruṇuṭṭhitakāle pītimukhā viya ratti khāyati. Tenāha ‘‘nandimukhiyā’’ti (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 383) ayaṃ taṃsaṃvaṇṇanābhūtasamantapāsādikaṭṭhakathāpāṭho. Abhikkantāti parikkhīṇā. Uddhaste aruṇeti uggate aruṇasīse. Nandimukhiyāti tuṭṭhimukhiyā. Ayaṃ taṃsaṃvaṇṇanābhūtasāratthadīpanīpāṭho (sārattha. ṭī. cūḷavagga 3.383). Pāḷiyaṃ nandimukhiyāti odātadisāmukhitāya tuṭṭhamukhiyā. Ayaṃ taṃsaṃvaṇṇanāya (vi. vi. ṭī. cūḷavagga 2.283) vimativinodanīpāṭho.
那时,具寿阿难第三次在夜已深、后夜分已过、曙光已升、夜已喜面之时,从座而起,偏袒一肩,向世尊合掌,对世尊这样说道:“尊者,夜已深,后夜分已过,曙光已升,夜已喜面,客比丘们已经久坐。尊者,愿世尊与客比丘们共相慰问。”这是《优陀那》中所载的经藏圣典。“曙光已升”意思是曙光已经升起。所谓曙光,就是在东方、于日出之前先已出现的光明。“夜已喜面”意思是:因为曙光升起,其光辉令依靠太阳光而活的有情面容欢喜,这样的夜晚已经生起、已经显现。这是《优陀那注疏》中的解释。显示巴利原文
‘‘Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāyarattiyā nikkhante pacchime yāme uddhaste aruṇe nandimukhiyā rattiyā uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – abhikkantā, bhante, ratti, nikkhanto pacchimo yāmo, uddhasto aruṇo, nandimukhī ratti, ciranisinnā āgantukā bhikkhū, paṭisammodatu, bhante, bhagavā āgantuke bhikkhū’’ti. Ayaṃ udānāgatā suttantapāḷi (udā. 45). Uddhastearuṇeti uggate aruṇe. Aruṇo nāma puratthimadisāyaṃ sūriyodayato puretarameva uṭṭhitobhāso. Nandimukhiyā rattiyāti aruṇassa uggatattā eva aruṇobhāya sūriyālokūpajīvino satte nandāpanamukhiyā rattiyā jātāya, vibhāyamānāyāti attho. Ayaṃ taṃsaṃvaṇṇanābhūtā udānaṭṭhakathā (udā. aṭṭha. 23).
如是,在所有这些律藏与经藏所载的圣典、注疏、复注之中,没有任何一处说过“曙光四次升起”,都只说到一次。也没有哪一处说过“具足四种色”,都只说到一种色。在《本生注疏》中,也只说到赤色,并未提及白色等。“喜面”一词,同样只是指令有情欢喜的夜的面貌,并非指曙光带有如同难提瓦特花那样的欢喜之色。因此说“令有情欢喜面的夜晚”。由此可见,此说与《名诠明灯》论书的说法相违,与圣典、注疏等不相符,而且证据薄弱,这种说法也应被视为不合理。因此,不违越正自觉者教法的有惭比丘,在任何无遮蔽的开阔处,当如鱼眼般清晰的夜光显现之时起,便应行舍衣等业处。显示巴利原文
Iti ettakāsu vinayasuttantāgatāsu pāḷiyaṭṭhakathāṭīkāsu ekasmimpiṭhāne aruṇo catukkhattuṃ uggatoti natthi, ekavārameva vutto. Catubbidhavaṇṇasamannāgatotipi natthi, ekavaṇṇo eva vutto. Jātakaṭṭhakathāyampi (jā. aṭṭha. 5.21.255) rattavaṇṇo eva vutto, na setavaṇṇādiko. Nandimukhīti ca satte nandāpanadisāmukhī ratti eva vuttā, na aruṇassa nandiyāvaṭṭapupphasadisavaṇṇatā. Tenāha ‘‘satte nandāpanamukhiyā rattiyā’’ti. Evaṃ abhidhānappadīpikāpakaraṇavacanena viruddhattā pāḷiyaṭṭhakathādīhi asaṃsandanato dubbalasādhakattā ca ayampi vādo ayuttoyevāti daṭṭhabbo, tasmā sammāsambuddhassa āṇaṃ anatikkantena lajjibhikkhunā yadi kenaci appaṭicchanne vivaṭokāse hoti, macchakkhisamānaabyattarattobhāsassa paññāyamānakālato paṭṭhāya vattanikkhipanādikammaṃ kātabbaṃ.
若此处为山等所遮蔽,则应在开阔处夜光显现时,记下这段时长——从日轮显现起约一伽提或二伽提,并以此推度:“此时曙光应已升起。”若想断除疑惑,即使在此之后还须再忍耐少许时分,也应直至无疑方作,这便是此中的正确作法。然而,此说与如所述论书之言极为契合,犹如恒河水与耶牟那河水会合一般。因此,智者应再三前后思量,如理作意。如是作意之后,于诸与曙光相应之处应断疑惑。断除疑惑之后,成为无畏者,而应修习各各业处。显示巴利原文
Yadi pana pabbatādinā paṭicchannaṭṭhānaṃ hoti, yattakena kālena vivaṭaṭṭhāne rattobhāso paññāyati, sūriyamaṇḍalassa dissanakālato ekaghaṭikāmattena vā dvighaṭikāmattena vā tattakaṃ kālaṃ sallakkhetvā imasmiṃ kāle aruṇo uggato bhaveyyāti takketvā kātabbaṃ, saṃsayaṃ anicchantena tatopi kañcikālaṃ adhivāsetvā nissaṃsayakāle kattabbaṃ, ayaṃ tattha sāmīci. Ayaṃ pana vādo yathāvuttappakaraṇavacanehi suṭṭhu saṃsandati yathā gaṅgodakena yamunodakaṃ, tasmā paṇḍitehi punappunaṃ pubbāparaṃ āloḷentena manasi kātabbo. Evaṃ manasi karitvā aruṇapaṭisaṃyuttesu ṭhānesu saṃsayo chinditabbo, saṃsayaṃ chinditvā visāradena hutvā taṃ taṃ kammaṃ kātabbanti.
为了戒的清净,为了诸爱戒比丘;
此说出于悲悯,并非出于愤怒等缘故。
是故善人应善加思择,取用合理之处;
若不合理,则当舍弃,勿生不悦等心。
显示巴利原文 Visuddhatthāya sīlassa, bhikkhūnaṃ piyasīlinaṃ; Katāruṇakathā esā, na sārambhādikāraṇā. Tasmā suṭṭhūpadhāretvā, yuttaṃ gaṇhantu sādhavo; Ayuttañce chaḍḍayantu, mā hontu dummanādayoti.