诤事的类别
Adhikaraṇabhedaṃ
重提已决诤事之分类等论的注释
Ukkoṭanabhedādikathāvaṇṇanā
341「足矣,朋友」——令己方对立者明白:为钵、衣等资具,以「足矣,不须争论」之语,唯通过指出争论等过失,使双方互相谅解而平息,并非通过互相指出犯戒与不犯戒而平息——这是其意趣。因此说「唯依离文之判」。
341.‘‘Alaṃāvuso’’ti attapaccatthike saññāpetvāti pattacīvarādiatthāya alaṃ bhaṇḍanādikaraṇanti vivādādīsu dosadassanamattena saññāpetvā aññamaññaṃ khamāpetvā vūpasamenti, na pana aññamaññaṃ āpattānāpattidassanavasenāti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘pāḷimuttakavinicchayenevā’’ti.
依止身业等不正行的比丘,名为「依止不正者」;依止邪见者,名为「依止险难者」;依止强势之人者,名为「依止强势者」——为显示此义,故说「一者依止不正」等。
Visamāni kāyakammādīni nissito bhikkhu visamanissito nāma, micchādiṭṭhinissito gahananissito, balavante purise nissito balavanissito nāmāti dassento ‘‘eko visamānī’’tiādimāha.
诤事之因缘等的注释
Adhikaraṇanidānādivaṇṇanā
342「依止罪所生之罪」——这是就覆藏自己与他人罪行、隐匿过失者而说,专指波罗夷等罪,而非一切罪。「依止甘马事所生之羯磨事」——这是就依止举罪甘马等所生之事而说,指随顺彼羯磨的比丘尼,乃至第三次宣告之间所应行之诸事,而非一切羯磨事。
342.Āpattiṃ nissāya uppajjanakaāpattivasenāti paresaṃ, attano ca āpattiṃ paṭicchādentānaṃ vajjapaṭicchādīnaṃ pārājikādiāpattimeva sandhāya vuttaṃ, na sabbāpattiyo. Kiccaṃ nissāya uppajjanakakiccānanti ukkhepanīyādikammaṃ nissāya uppajjanakānaṃ tadanuvattikāya bhikkhuniyā yāvatatiyānussāvanānaṃ kiccānaṃ vasena, na sabbesaṃ kiccānaṃ vasenāti.
344于圣典中,问:“依几种诤事?”答:“依一种诤事,即事务诤事。”问:“于几处?”答:“于三处:僧团中、众中、个人前。”问:“依几种灭诤法?”答:“依三种灭诤法。”应知,此三问中,所问与所答,皆为同一种平息方式。
344. Pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘katihi adhikaraṇehī’’ti pucchāya ‘‘ekena adhikaraṇena kiccādhikaraṇenā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Katisu ṭhānesū’’ti pucchāya ‘‘tīsu ṭhānesu saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Katihi samathehī’’ti pucchāya ‘‘tīhi samathehī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tīhipi etehi eko vūpasamanappakārova pucchito, vissajjito cāti veditabbo.
348于“诤论诤事即非难诤事”等句段中,问:“诤论诤事是否也是非难诤事等?”答:“诤论诤事唯是诤论诤事,而非非难诤事等。”
348.Vivādādhikaraṇaṃhoti anuvādādhikaraṇantiādīsu vivādādhikaraṇameva anuvādādhikaraṇādipi hotīti pucchāya vivādādhikaraṇaṃ vivādādhikaraṇameva hoti, anuvādādayo na hotīti vissajjanaṃ.
七种灭诤的不同意义等的注释
Sattasamathanānātthādivaṇṇanā
354在圣典的诤事问答中,“因相互乖异而有的言说”,指感招不善异熟而互相令生苦恼的身业与语业。“争吵”,指已增长广大的争执。
354. Adhikaraṇapucchāvissajjane pāḷiyaṃ vipaccayatāya vohāroti virūpavipākāya aññamaññaṃ dukkhuppādanāya kāyavacīvohāro. Medhaganti vuddhippatto kalaho.
「随顺倾向」:即因举罪而一再地与之相应、随逐的倾向。
Anusampavaṅkatāti vipatticodanāya anu anu saṃyujjanavasena ninnatā.
「压倒性」:极为猛利的压倒势用。「给予支持」:对举罪者们亦予以扶持。「因业不摄故」:唯以僧团现前等为相的现前调伏,于僧团等所应作的事务中不被摄受。
Abbhussahanatāti ativiya sañjātussāhatā. Anubalappadānanti codakānampi upatthambhakaraṇaṃ. Kammasaṅgahābhāvenāti saṅghasammukhatādimattassa sammukhāvinayassa saṅghādīhi kattabbakiccesu saṅgahābhāvā.
第二偈颂之解释
Dutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇikaṃ
举罪等问答的解释。
Codanādipucchāvissajjanāvaṇṇanā
359在解释第二首偈颂时,“举罪有何意义?”等问题由优波离长老提出。“举罪为忆念之义”等回答则是世尊所说。也有说法称,优波离长老自己提问后,又自己作了回答。
359. Dutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇikāya ‘‘codanā kimatthāyā’’tiādikā pucchā upālittherena katā. ‘‘Codanā sāraṇatthāyā’’tiādivissajjanaṃ bhagavatā vuttaṃ. Upālitthero sayameva pucchitvā vissajjanaṃ akāsītipi vadanti.
“意趣之把握”,是指把握他们的审察,也就是把握经师长老与持律长老的意趣。“为各别判决之完成”,则是在了知他们各自的意思后,也掌握由他们所引发的理趣,以达成判决的终结。
Mantaggahaṇanti tesaṃ vicāraṇāgahaṇaṃ, suttantikattherānaṃ, vinayadharattherānañca adhippāyagahaṇanti attho. Pāṭekkaṃ vinicchayasanniṭṭhāpanatthanti tesaṃ paccekaṃ adhippāyaṃ ñatvā tehi samuṭṭhāpitanayampi gahetvā vinicchayapariyosāpanatthanti adhippāyo.
以“莫急速说”等言语,如同教诫面前站立的某位审察者一般,长老开示了审察者所应行持的仪则。
‘‘Mā kho turito abhaṇī’’tiādinā abhimukhe ṭhitaṃ kañci anuvijjakaṃ ovadantena viya therena anuvijjakavattaṃ kathitaṃ.
「追问行仪」即追问的程序。由于在一切学处违犯的场合中,这一程序也须随顺各该学处的规定而行,故称「随顺学处」。「毁坏自身的趣向」意为毁坏自己通往善趣的道路。
Anuyuñjanavattanti anuyujjanakkamaṃ, taṃ pana yasmā sabbasikkhāpadavītikkamavisayepi taṃtaṃsikkhāpadānulomena kattabbaṃ, tasmā ‘‘sikkhāpadānulomika’’nti vuttaṃ. Attano gatiṃ nāsetīti attano sugatigamanaṃ vināseti.
「随顺」一词是表示状态的词,因此注中说:「『随顺』指言说的随顺」。「以行仪随顺」这一句也依同样方式理解。「以行仪随顺」即以行仪为随顺,意谓与行仪相符合的承诺。因此注释中说「彼以行仪……」等语。
Anusandhita-saddo bhāvasādhanoti āha ‘‘anusandhitanti kathānusandhī’’ti. Vattānusandhitenāti etthāpi eseva nayo. Vattānusandhitenāti ācārānusandhinā, ācārena saddhiṃ samentiyā paṭiññāyāti attho. Tenāha ‘‘yā assa vattenā’’tiādi.
圣典中「故意犯戒」等语,是就比丘与比丘尼而说无惭者与有惭者之相状,因为学处的制立范围完全属于他们。然而,在沙弥等共通的情形中,故意违犯各自相应学处等,也应依无惭者与有惭者的相状加以了知。
Pāḷiyaṃ sañcicca āpattintiādi alajjilajjilakkhaṇaṃ bhikkhubhikkhunīnaṃ vasena vuttaṃ tesaññeva sabbappakārato sikkhāpadādhikārattā. Sāmaṇerādīnampi sādhāraṇavasena pana sañcicca yathāsakaṃ sikkhāpadavītikkamanādikaṃ alajjilajjilakkhaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ.
“不知言说随顺”:指不知如何随顺被举罪者与审查者之间交谈的言语。当他们就某一事由发言时,自己不加审察,只说出随自己好乐的话,与所讨论的意义毫无关联。“亦不知裁决随顺之语”:指不知如何说与审查者所作的犯或不犯裁决相应、相关联的言语。
Kathānusandhivacananti cuditakaanuvijjakānaṃ kathāya anusandhiyuttaṃ vacanaṃ na jānāti, tehi ekasmiṃ kāraṇe vutte sayaṃ taṃ asallakkhetvā attano abhirucitameva asambandhitatthanti attho. Vinicchayānusandhivacanañcāti anuvijjakena katassa āpattānāpattivinicchayassa anuguṇaṃ, sambandhavacanañca.