第九 巴帝摩卡止诵篇集
9. Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhako
巴帝摩卡诵说请求论注释
Pātimokkhuddesayācanakathāvaṇṇanā
383在《律藏·巴帝摩卡止诵犍度》的巴利原典中,“欢颜”一词,指面向白色方向、面露喜色。长老先说“黎明已升起”,随后请求世尊诵出巴帝摩卡,这一举动应理解为:由于“于非布萨日行布萨”的遮止学处当时尚未制定,故长老如此而行。然而,世尊为何默然安坐,度过三更?其因由是:令不清净的比丘僧众共行布萨等事的过失得以在僧团中显露,并为此制定学处,以使未来比丘如法遵行。然而,此处有人提出另一理由:“世尊出于大悲,不忍当面告诉不清净者‘你不清净’,故而默然静坐。”此说不成立,原因有二:其一,事后世尊毕竟说出了此语;其二,若因悲悯而不忍当面言说,则大目犍连长老抓住其臂将其带出僧团之举,亦不应为。因此,此处正确的因由应如前说。正因如此,世尊开示:“诸比丘,如来不可能、也绝无余地与不清净的比丘僧众共行布萨、诵出巴帝摩卡。”(《增支部》8.20;《小品》386;《自说经》45)又以“诸比丘,有犯比丘不应听闻巴帝摩卡”等语(《小品》386),指明对有犯比丘众应如何处理。
383. Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhake pāḷiyaṃ nandimukhiyāti odātadisāmukhatāya tuṭṭhamukhiyā. ‘‘Uddhastaṃ aruṇa’’nti vatvāpi ‘‘uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā’’ti pātimokkhuddesayācanaṃ anuposathe uposathakaraṇapaṭikkhepassa sikkhāpadassa apaññattattā therena katanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kasmā pana bhagavā evaṃ tuṇhībhūtova tiyāmarattiṃ vītināmesīti? Aparisuddhāya parisāya uposathādisaṃvāsakaraṇassa sāvajjataṃ bhikkhusaṅghe pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ, tañca āyatiṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tathāpaṭipajjanatthaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ ñāpetuṃ. Keci panettha ‘‘aparisuddhampi puggalaṃ tassa sammukhā ‘aparisuddho’ti vattuṃ mahākaruṇāya avisahanto bhagavā tathā nisīdī’’ti kāraṇaṃ vadanti. Taṃ akāraṇaṃ pacchāpi avattabbato, mahāmoggallānattherenāpi taṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā bahi nīharaṇassa akattabbatāpasaṅgato. Tasmā yathāvuttamevettha kāraṇanti. Teneva ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso, yaṃ tathāgato aparisuddhāya parisāya uposathaṃ kareyya, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyā’’ti (a. ni. 8.20; cūḷava. 386; udā. 45) vatvā ‘‘na ca, bhikkhave, sāpattikena pātimokkhaṃ sotabba’’ntiādinā (cūḷava. 386) sāpattikaparisāya kattabbavidhi dassito.
「令人生疑的行为」,是指他人见到某种不如法之事,心生“此事必是此人所为”的疑念而被忆念的行为;或自己心生“他们知道我的不端行为”的疑念而被忆念的行为。以穿着沙门衣、受用僧团资具等方式谋生,虽未口头宣称“我是沙门”,在义理上却等同于作出了此宣称,故称“沙门的自称、梵行者的自称”。“贪欲”,是指被烦恼之流所浸湿、所渗透。“因戒行败坏而成为垃圾”,是指因生起败坏的戒行而成为糟粕,或如垃圾一般因无实质而生。“从门廊驱出”,是指令其从门堂出去,到外面。
Saṅkassarasamācāranti kiñcideva asāruppaṃ disvā ‘‘idaṃ iminā kataṃ bhavissatī’’ti parehi saṅkāya saritabbasamācāraṃ, attanā vā ‘‘mama anācāraṃ ete jānantī’’ti saṅkāya saritabbasamācāraṃ. Samaṇavesadhāraṇena, saṅghikapaccayabhāgagahaṇādinā ca jīvikaṃ kappento ‘‘ahaṃ samaṇo’’ti paṭiññaṃ adentopi atthato dento viya hotīti ‘‘samaṇapaṭiññaṃ brahmacāripaṭiñña’’nti vuttaṃ. Avassutanti kilesāvassanena tintaṃ. Sañjātadussilyakacavarattā kasambujātaṃ, asāratāya vā kasambu viya jātaṃ. Bahidvārakoṭṭhakā nikkhāmetvāti dvārasālato bahi nikkhamāpetvā.
384「乐于大海」,是指通过反复观看、进入等方式,在大海中获得喜悦。「并非一开始就是悬崖峭壁」,其义是:如同断岸深渊,并非一开始就是低洼之处。「住于法」,是指自性安住不变。「充满」,是指圆满。「龙」,是指蛇类众生。
384.Mahāsamuddeabhiramantīti bahuso dassanapavisanādinā mahāsamudde abhiratiṃ vindanti. Na āyatakeneva papātoti chinnataṭamahāsobbho viya na āditova ninnoti attho. Ṭhitadhammoti avaṭṭhitasabhāvo. Pūrattanti puṇṇattaṃ. Nāgāti sappajātikā.
巴帝摩卡听闻资格论等注释
Pātimokkhasavanārahakathādivaṇṇanā
386「应当引述」,是指不必以圣典的语言说出,以任何语言引述其含义,都应视为已经引述。
386.Udāharitabbanti pāḷiyā avatvā tamatthaṃ yāya kāyaci bhāsāya udāhaṭampi udāhaṭamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“在前或在后”,是指于白羯磨开始之前,或于白羯磨结束之后。
Pure vā pacchā vāti ñattiārambhato pubbe vā ñattiniṭṭhānato pacchā vā.
387“取已作与未作两者”,是指某人既有已作的部分,也有未作的部分,取此二者合而论之。“如法的和合”,是指如法的和合羯磨。“重新提起”,意指出于推翻原决议的意图,而重新着手进行。
387.Katañca akatañca ubhayaṃ gahetvāti yassa katāpi atthi akatāpi. Tassa tadubhayaṃ gahetvā. Dhammikaṃ sāmagginti dhammikaṃ samaggakammaṃ. Paccādiyatīti ukkoṭanādhippāyena puna kātuṃ ādiyati.
388“应知相等之想”:应知所说的相、标志、征兆、名称。
388.Ākārādisaññā veditabbāti ākāraliṅganimittanāmāni vuttānīti veditabbāni.
自取要素论等注释
Attādānaaṅgakathādivaṇṇanā
398398. 其次,为了表明应自行承担、应接受的诤事即为“自取”,故说“欲清净教法”等。“雨期”,即雨季。此时节之所以为非时,正如饥馑等时节一样,因为具惭愧的僧众需从远处前来集会以平息诤事,且已来者行乞食等威仪也极为艰难。
398. Puna codetuṃ attanā ādātabbaṃ gahetabbaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ attādānanti āha ‘‘sāsanaṃ sodhetukāmo’’tiādi. Vassārattoti vassakālo. Sopi hi dubbhikkhādikālo viya adhikaraṇavūpasamatthaṃ lajjiparisāya dūrato ānayanassa, āgatānañca piṇḍāya caraṇādisamācārassa dukkarattā akālo eva.
“能令随念”者,由于在随念的每一刹那都能生起喜悦与欢悦,故为能生起随念者。“远离随烦恼……乃至……导向”一段,其意趣为:正如远离云雾等烦恼的日月具有光辉,这位举罪者亦因远离了恶人的烦恼而具有光辉。
Samanussaraṇakaraṇanti anussaritānussaritakkhaṇe pītipāmojjajananato anussaraṇuppādakaṃ. Vigatūpakkilesa…pe… saṃvattatīti ettha yathā abbhahimādiupakkilesavirahitānaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ sassirīkatā hoti, evamassāpi codakassa pāpapuggalūpakkilesavigamena sassirīkatā hotīti adhippāyo.
399399. “已证得慈心”者,即已达到安止定中的慈禅那。
399.Adhigataṃ mettacittanti appanāppattaṃ mettajhānaṃ.
400-1「嗔于内」:此处「内」字乃心的异名,故说「非以嗔恚心」。
400-1. ‘‘Dosantaro’’ti ettha antara-saddo cittapariyāyoti āha ‘‘na duṭṭhacitto hutvā’’ti.
「悲愍名为悲」:悲愍即是悲,故说「悲愍性即悲的状态」。「悲」指达到安止的悲;同样地,「慈」也是如此。
Kāruññaṃ nāma karuṇā evāti āha ‘‘kāruññatāti karuṇābhāvo’’ti. Karuṇanti appanāppattaṃ vadati. Tathā mettanti.