三、总集篇
3. Samuccayakkhandhako
释精液泄出事
Sukkavissaṭṭhikathāvaṇṇanā
97第九十七条。在《总集篇》中,“vedayāmā”意为“我令知”,即“我宣告”之义。他们将“anubhavāmī”也解释为此义。然而前人因“āroceti”是向上呈报之语而赞许前一种说法。“宣告后应放下(仪轨)”,这是为了解除恶作而说。然而也有人说:“这也是为了在当天重新受持仪轨后,欲待明相升起时避免夜宿中断而说的。”
97. Samuccayakkhandhake vedayāmahanti jānāpemi ahaṃ, ārocemītiattho. Anubhavāmītipissa atthaṃ vadanti. Purimaṃ pana pasaṃsanti āropanavacanattā. Ārocetvā nikkhipitabbanti dukkaṭaparimocanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘tadaheva puna vattaṃ samādiyitvā aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetukāmassa ratticchedaparihāratthampī’’ti vadanti.
由于说到“同类的比丘们共住”,由此可知:若未受持仪轨,即使在异类者住处外的户外,也可以作。“越过两块土块投掷的距离”,这是为了避开寺院中比丘们诵经等音声的听闻范围而说。“从大路退避”,这是为了避开行路比丘们的范围而说。说到“或丛林等”,则是为了避开视线范围而说。
‘‘Sabhāgā bhikkhū vasantī’’ti vuttattā visabhāgānaṃ vasanaṭṭhāne vattaṃ asamādiyitvā bahi eva kātumpi vaṭṭatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Dve leḍḍupāte atikkamitvā’’ti idaṃ vihāre bhikkhūnaṃ sajjhāyādisaddasavanūpacāravijahanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Mahāmaggato okkammā’’ti idaṃ maggapaṭipannānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ upacārātikkamanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Gumbena vātiādi dassanūpacāravijahanatthaṃ.
“他也是以某种事由在明相未出前离去”,以此说明:若作了宣告,即便所有比丘皆往他处,僧众未满,亦无行走过失或离宿过失,因为已宣告故,仍为同住者。故有此“及此”等语。“不应作出罪”,意谓虽有所作,亦等同未作。
‘‘Sopi kenaci kammena pure aruṇe eva gacchatī’’ti iminā ārocanāya katāya sabbesupi bhikkhūsu vihāragatesu ūne gaṇe caraṇadoso vā vippavāsadoso vā na hoti ārocitattā sahavāsassāti dasseti. Tenāha ‘‘ayañcā’’ tiādi. Abbhānaṃ kātuṃ na vaṭṭatīti katampi akatameva hotīti attho.
释覆藏别住事
Paṭicchannaparivāsakathāvaṇṇanā
102第一百零二条。“清净”者,指未犯同类桑喀地谢沙者,或已从此罪出罪者。“于其他”者,即从清净别住出罪之外的其余出罪处。律文云:“由僧众因中间之一罪,将优陀夷比丘……退回根本”,此应依行事方式转换,理解为“以退回根本而退回”。或依“僧众容忍退回根本”等后续文句,唯依个人方式理解亦可。
102.Suddhassāti sabhāgasaṅghādisesaṃ anāpannassa, tato vuṭṭhitassa vā. Aññasminti suddhantaparivāsavasena āpattivuṭṭhānato aññasmiṃ āpattivuṭṭhāne. Pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘paṭikassito saṅghena udāyi bhikkhu antarā ekissā āpattiyā…pe… mūlāyapaṭikassanā’’ti idaṃ karaṇavasena vipariṇāmetvā mūlāyapaṭikassanāya paṭikassitoti yojetabbaṃ. Atha vā ‘‘mūlāya paṭikassanā khamati saṅghassā’’ti uttarapadena saha paccattavaseneva yojetumpi vaṭṭati.
“因中间之一罪,将优陀夷比丘……退回根本”者,此处应解读为:以中间之一罪为因,将优陀夷比丘退回根本后,在根本之日将其拉回,授予该中间罪的合并别住。“令发露后应即遣散”,乃为彰显其不可对治性,由僧众令其清晰显现后,作为与无惭众脱离之方式而遣散。
‘‘Udāyiṃ bhikkhuṃ antarā ekissā āpattiyā…pe… mūlāya paṭikassitvā’’ti ettha antarā ekissā āpattiyā hetubhūtāya udāyiṃ bhikkhuṃ mūlāya paṭikassitvā mūladivase ākaḍḍhitvā tassā antarāpattiyā samodhānaparivāsaṃ detūti yojanā. Āvikārāpetvā vissajjetabboti tassa atekicchabhāvaṃ teneva saṅghassa pākaṭaṃ kāretvā lajjigaṇato viyojanavasena vissajjetabbo.
“百罪”,即一日中由身体接触等所犯的一百条罪。“十百”,即一千条罪。“覆藏百夜”应如此理解。“于一切别住甘马语之末”,即如前所述两种纯别住及三种合并别住——这一切别住的甘马语结束时。“如前法”,即按覆藏别住中所说之法。
Sataṃ āpattiyoti kāyasaṃsaggādivasena ekadivase āpannā sataṃ āpattiyo. Dasasatanti sahassā āpattiyo. Rattisataṃ chādayitvānāti yojetabbo. Sabbaparivāsakammavācāvasāneti heṭṭhā dassitānaṃ dvinnaṃ suddhantaparivāsānaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ samodhānaparivāsānañcāti imesaṃ sabbesaṃ parivāsānaṃ kammavācāpariyosāne. Purimanayenevāti paṭicchannaparivāse vuttanayena.
“乃至寺院周边范围”,即村外比丘们寺院的周边范围。“应越过两块土块投掷之距”,这是就超越比丘们的听闻范围而说。“未言及村落”,即是说并未允许离开村落的周边范围。由此可知:即使站在村落周边范围之内,若已站在超越彼处可见可闻的周边范围之外,则比丘与比丘尼不构成夜宿中断。
Vihārūpacāratopīti bahigāme bhikkhūnaṃ vihārūpacāratopi. ‘‘Dve leḍḍupātā atikkamitabbā’’ti idaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ savanūpacārātikkamanaṃ vuttaṃ. Gāmassāti na vuttanti gāmassa upacāraṃ muñcituṃ vaṭṭatīti na vuttaṃ. Tena gāmūpacāre ṭhitāpi tattha dassanasavanūpacāre atikkamitvā ṭhitā bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca tassā ratticchedaṃ na karontīti dīpeti.
“如未舍行仪比丘所说之法”,这是就进入周边界导致夜宿中断而言。“于该村”,指比丘尼所住之村。“令自身被见”,即以便能够通报而显露自身。“应经羯磨后给予”,以此表明:即便与经羯磨认可者同住,亦不构成夜宿中断。
Anikkhittavattabhikkhūnaṃ vuttanayenevāti upacārasīmāya paviṭṭhānaṃ vasena ratticchedaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tasmiṃ gāmeti bhikkhunīnaṃ nivāsanagāme. Attānaṃ dassetvāti yathā ārocetuṃ sakkā, tathā dassetvā. ‘‘Sammannitvā dātabbā’’ti iminā sammatāya sahavāsepi ratticchedo na hotīti dasseti.
“被退回根本者”,义即被退回根本后重新履行别住者。“三个”,是指连同根本罪在内,以及两个中间罪。
Mūlāyapaṭikassitassāti mūlāyapaṭikassitassa puna parivutthaparivāsassāti attho. Tissannanti mūlāpattiyā saha dvinnaṃ antarāpattīnañca.
108第一百零八条。“若已覆藏”,这是针对舍弃行仪期间所犯之罪而说的。在巴利圣典中,关于五日覆藏段落的中间罪论述里,“诸比丘,应如此给与六夜敬悦”一句,并非指在退回根本的甘马语之后立即给与。而是就被退回根本者,在履行五日别住后请求行敬悦时,针对其所犯第三个未覆藏中间罪的敬悦给与而言。如此给与敬悦,便以一次六夜,连同先前已给与敬悦的三罪,使四罪之敬悦皆已履行。依此方式,应知于堪受出罪时所犯之中间罪,以及半月覆藏段落中诸中间罪的处理方法。“以一日覆藏等日数,共五”,这是就一日覆藏等四种情形,各各给与别住、给与敬悦、出罪而说。“依中间罪之数,共四”,这也是就各各退回根本时,将敬悦给与和出罪合为一项而说。
108.Sacepaṭicchannāti nikkhittavattenāpannāpattiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Pāḷiyaṃ pañcāhappaṭicchannavāre antarāpattikathāyaṃ ‘‘evañca pana, bhikkhave, chārattaṃ mānattaṃ dātabba’’nti idaṃ mūlāyapaṭikassanākammavācānantarameva dātuṃ vuttaṃ na hoti. Mūlāyapaṭikassitassa pana pañcadivasāni parivasitvā yācitassa mānattacaraṇakāle āpannāya tatiyāya antarāpattiyā appaṭicchannāya mānattadānaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Evañca dinnamānattassa ekena chārattena pubbe dinnamānattāhi tīhi āpattīhi saha catassannampi āpattīnaṃ mānattaṃ ciṇṇameva hoti. Iminā pana nayena abbhānārahakāle āpannāya antarāpattiyā, pakkhappaṭicchannavāre antarāpattīsu ca paṭipajjanaṃ veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Ekāhappaṭicchannādivasena pañcā’’ti idaṃ ekāhappaṭicchannādīnaṃ catunnaṃ paccekaparivāsadānamānattadānaabbhānāni ekekaṃ katvā vuttaṃ. ‘‘Antarāpattivasena catasso’’ti idampi mānattadānaabbhānāni tasmiṃ tasmiṃ mūlāyapaṭikassane ekattaṃ āropetvā vuttaṃ.
合并别住事的解释
Samodhānaparivāsakathāvaṇṇanā
125“由于中间罪已被覆藏”,这是给与合并别住的原因说明,而非就已履行别住之日数被作废而说;因为即使对未覆藏的中间罪作退回根本,那些日数也有被作废的可能。因此,“敬悦已履行之日及别住已履行之日,一切皆被作废”,紧接此语之后,应作如此连结:“应给予他合并别住”。故说“正因如此”等语。
125.‘‘Yasmā paṭicchannā antarāpattī’’ti idaṃ samodhānaparivāsadānassa kāraṇavacanaṃ, na pana ciṇṇaparivutthadivasānaṃ makkhitabhāvassa, appaṭicchannāya antarāpattiyā mūlāyapaṭikassane katepi tesaṃ makkhitabhāvasambhavato. Tasmā ‘‘mānattaciṇṇadivasāpi parivutthadivasāpi sabbe makkhitāva hontī’’ti imassānantaraṃ ‘‘samodhānaparivāso cassa dātabbo’’ti evamettha yojanā kātabbā. Tenāha ‘‘tenevā’’tiādi.
价值合并别住事的解释
Agghasamodhānaparivāsakathāvaṇṇanā
134“以一罪为根本”一句,是显示“一罪覆藏一日、一罪覆藏两日”等方式。“为显示无覆藏状态”者,即通过宣说即使因无知等而覆藏的罪也堪受敬悦,来显示无覆藏的状态。如经文所说:“具寿,比丘于一个月堪受敬悦。”此处意为:对于因无知而覆藏一个月者,不堪受别住,唯独因该罪无覆藏而堪受敬悦。巴利中的“杂染法”,是指欲加践踏的心。又,此篇因汇集了桑喀地谢沙的别住施予等一切判决,故称“汇集篇”,应如是了知。
134.‘‘Ekāpattimūlakañcā’’ti iminā ‘‘ekā āpatti ekāhappaṭicchannā, ekā āpatti dvīhappaṭicchannā’’tiādinayaṃ dasseti. Appaṭicchannabhāvaṃ dassetunti ajānanādinā paṭicchannāyapi āpattiyā mānattārahatāvacanena appaṭicchannabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ. ‘‘Ekassa, āvuso, māsassa bhikkhu mānattāraho’’ti (cūḷava. 153) hi vuttaṃ. Ettha ekassa ajānanapaṭicchannamāsassa parivāsāraho na hoti, kevalaṃ āpattiyā appaṭicchannattā mānattāraho hotīti adhippāyo. Pāḷiyaṃ makkhadhammoti madditukāmatā. Saṅghādisesānaṃ parivāsadānādisabbavinicchayassa samuccayattā panesa samuccayakkhandhakoti vuttoti veditabbo.