第九 瞻波犍度
9. Campeyyakkhandhako
迦叶族比丘事缘等论述的注释
Kassapagottabhikkhuvatthukathādivaṇṇanā
380在《瞻波犍度》中,“tantibaddho”(绳缚):其中“tanti”(绳)意指事务,被其所缚,即意谓热衷于其事。因此说“在那个住处”等。
380. Campeyyakkhandhake tantibaddhoti tanti vuccati byāpāro, tattha baddho, ussukkaṃ āpannoti attho. Tenāha ‘‘tasmiṃ āvāse’’tiādi.
387-8“无废除或变更”者:由于白羯磨与白本身是同一,故不可能废除;正因其为同一,所以仅凭随后置白,以及两次置白的方式,并不会构成变更。“他人”者,是指《附随》中所说。“绳”者,意指驱出羯磨,即其含义。
387-8.Hāpanaṃ vā aññathā karaṇaṃ vā natthīti ñattikammassa ñattiyā ekattā hāpanaṃ na sambhavati, tassā ekattā eva pacchā ñattiṭhapanavasena, dvikkhattuṃ ṭhapanavasena ca aññathā karaṇaṃ natthi. Paratoti parivāre. Tanti pabbājanīyakammaṃ, tassāti attho.
二种驱出等论述的注释
Dvenissaraṇādikathāvaṇṇanā
395“此”者,即被说为“愚者”等之人,与“未达”关联。于此,为阐明其因,他说“因为”等语。其中,“以不共之相”者:因在圣典中,它是作为驱出羯磨的表征而被说出,故是指与“污家”状态不共的。若此羯磨他并未达成,又如何能成为“善驱出”呢?因此他说:“然而,因为提到‘若僧团愿意,可作驱出羯磨’,故是善驱出。”此中的“所说”,是指在《羯磨犍度》中所述。
395.Esāti ‘‘bālo’’tiādinā niddiṭṭhapuggalo, appattoti sambandho. Tattha kāraṇamāha ‘‘yasmā’’tiādi. Tattha āveṇikena lakkhaṇenāti pabbājanīyakammassa nimittabhāvena pāḷiyaṃ vuttattā asādhāraṇabhūtena kuladūsakabhāvena. Yadi hesa taṃ kammaṃ appatto, kathaṃ pana sunissāritoti āha ‘‘yasmā panassa ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho pabbājanīyakammaṃ kareyyāti vuttaṃ, tasmā sunissārito’’ti. Tattha vuttanti kammakkhandhake (cūḷava. 27) vuttaṃ.
然而,对于既行污家羯磨、又被作驱出羯磨者,于《十三荆棘论释》中所说的如法行:“在何寺院、何村落居住时作了污家羯磨,即不应再住于彼寺院或彼村落”等,此如法行亦应以另一羯磨来成满。但对于被平息了羯磨的污家者,在同一注疏中所说的“于其作污家羯磨之诸家,不应接受供养”等,则不应成满,因为已不再摄受诸家。其余羯磨亦然。若如此,与“对应作诃责羯磨者作驱出羯磨……乃至……优波离,如此乃是非法羯磨”等语,岂不相违?实不相违,因为诃责等羯磨的应作性,是依僧团的决定而成立。若僧团决定“我等作诃责羯磨”,而于诵羯磨文时,却诵出了驱出羯磨文,其羯磨即为非法。若决定“我等即为此而作驱出羯磨”而作该羯磨,则当知其羯磨为如法羯磨。
Ettha pana kuladūsakakammaṃ katvā pabbājanīyakammakatassa terasakakaṇḍakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘yasmiṃ vihāre vasantena yasmiṃ gāme kuladūsakakammaṃ kataṃ hoti, tasmiṃ vihāre vā tasmiṃ gāme vā na vasitabba’’ntiādinā (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.433) yā sammāvattanā vuttā, sā itarenāpi pūretabbā. Yaṃ pana paṭippassaddhakammassa kuladūsakassa tattheva aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘yesu kulesu kuladūsakakammaṃ kataṃ, tato paccayā na gahetabbā’’tiādi vuttaṃ, taṃ na pūretabbaṃ kulasaṅgahassa akatattā. Evaṃ sesakammesupi. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘tajjanīyakammārahassa niyasakammaṃ karoti…pe… evaṃ kho, upāli, adhammakammaṃ hotī’’tiādivacanaṃ (mahāva. 402) virujjhatīti? Na virujjhati saṅghasanniṭṭhānavasena tajjanīyādikammārahattassa sijjhanato. Yassa hi saṅgho ‘‘tajjanīyakammaṃ karomā’’ti sanniṭṭhānaṃ katvā kammavācaṃ sāvento pabbājanīyakammavācaṃ sāveti, tassa kammaṃ adhammakammaṃ hoti. Sace pana ‘‘tasseva pabbājanīyakammameva karomā’’ti sanniṭṭhānaṃ katvā tadeva karoti, tassa taṃ kammaṃ dhammakammanti veditabbaṃ.
如此,此处先说明了意指“驱出”的驱出羯磨之义;接下来,为显示依其余诃责等而意为驱出时,“未达驱出”的反面即是“已达驱出”,以及“若僧团将其驱出,则为善驱出”的含义,故又补述“若僧团将其驱出,即若僧团”等语。其中,“于此”是指在诃责等羯磨的范围内,其理趣为:即使依一种肢节也允许驱出。圣典中所说的“未达驱出”,应理解为:已达依不共(污家等相)而名为诃责等的驱出。
Evamidha ‘‘nissāraṇa’’nti adhippetassa pabbājanīyakammassa vasena atthaṃ dassetvā idāni tadaññesaṃ tajjanīyādīnaṃ vasena nissāraṇe adhippete ‘‘appatto nissāraṇa’’nti imassa paṭipakkhavasena sampatto nissāraṇaṃ, ‘‘tañce saṅgho nissāreti. Sunissārito’’ti atthasambhavaṃ dassetuṃ puna ‘‘tañce saṅgho nissāretīti sace saṅgho’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha tatthāti tajjanīyādikammavisaye, ekenāpi aṅgena nissāraṇā anuññātāti yojanā. Pāḷiyaṃ appatto nissāraṇanti ettha āpanno āveṇikavasena tajjanīyādisaṅkhātaṃ nissāraṇaṃ pattoti attho gahetabbo.