483 在业品中,对疯癫比丘的疯癫认可,是在疯癫者乞求后离去时,即使他不在场也可以给予;即使他坐在那里,也不失效,因为没有限制规定。然而,为了说明不在场作法没有过失,所以说“不在场所作是善作的”。但由使者传达的达上,则不能以在场方式作,因为会导致甘马语的差异。覆钵等甘马,即使在刚被移开一臂距离的地方也可以作。关于“僧现前”等:凡是应参与甘马的比丘都已到来,应受欲者的欲已带来,在场者不反对,这就是僧现前。僧团依何法、何律、何师教而作甘马,这就是法现前。其中,法指真实事由;律指举罪与劝忆;师教则指白表的成就与宣告的成就。僧团为其作甘马的那个人在场,就是人现前。由于迦提月就是自恣月,所以说“除迦提月外”。推迟后所安置的日子,是指黑分中的十四日或十五日。两个满月日,是依前、后入雨安居者而说的。巴利
483. Kammavagge ummattakassa bhikkhuno ummattakasammuti ummattake yācitvā gate asammukhāpi dātuṃ vaṭṭati, tattha nisinnepi na kuppati niyamābhāvato. Asammukhā kate pana dosābhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘asammukhākataṃ sukataṃ hotī’’ti vuttaṃ. Dūtena upasampadā pana sammukhā kātuṃ na sakkā kammavācānānattasambhavato. Pattanikkujjanādayo hatthapāsato apanītamattepi kātuṃ vaṭṭanti. Saṅghasammukhatātiādīsu yāvatikā bhikkhū kammappattā, te āgatā honti, chandārahānaṃ chando āhaṭo hoti, sammukhībhūtā na paṭikkosanti, ayaṃ saṅghasammukhatā. Yena dhammena yena vinayena yena satthusāsanena saṅgho kammaṃ karoti, ayaṃ dhammasammukhatā. Tattha dhammoti bhūtaṃ vatthu. Vinayoti codanā ceva sāraṇā ca. Satthusāsanaṃ nāma ñattisampadā ceva anussāvanasampadā ca. Yassa saṅgho kammaṃ karoti, tassa sammukhabhāvo puggalasammukhatā. Kattikamāsassa pavāraṇamāsattā ‘‘ṭhapetvā kattikamāsa’’nti vuttaṃ. Paccukkaḍḍhitvā ṭhapitadivaso cāti kāḷapakkhe cātuddasiṃ vā pannarasiṃ vā sandhāya vuttaṃ. Dve ca puṇṇamāsiyoti paṭhamapacchimavassūpagatānaṃ vasena vuttaṃ.
485 把发音部位放松后发出的字母,是轻音;把同样的部位绷紧、不放松后发出的字母,是重音。持续两个摩怛的时间,是长音;持续一个摩怛的时间,是短音。依辅音智有十种区分,意思是:产生字母的心,按轻音等不同情况,依辅音智而有十种区分。因为一切字母都是由心生起的,并且按照想要表达的意义而成为辅音。紧跟在它后面的是复辅音,就叫有复辅音后;后面不是复辅音,就叫无复辅音后。在“具寿佛护长老所不喜”这句话里,带有 ta 和 na 的音节就是无复辅音后。发音部位,是指喉等部位。巴利
485. Ṭhānakaraṇāni sithilāni katvā uccāretabbaṃ akkharaṃ sithilaṃ, tāniyeva dhanitāni asithilāni katvā uccāretabbaṃ akkharaṃ dhanitaṃ. Dvimattakālaṃ dīghaṃ, ekamattakālaṃ rassaṃ. Dasadhā byañjanabuddhiyā pabhedoti evaṃ sithilādivasena byañjanabuddhiyā akkharuppādakacittassa dasappakārena pabhedo. Sabbāni hi akkharāni cittasamuṭṭhānāni yathādhippetatthabyañjanato byañjanāni ca. Saṃyogo paro etasmāti saṃyogaparo, na saṃyogaparo asaṃyogaparo. Āyasmato buddharakkhitatherassa yassa na khamatīti ettha ta-kāra na-kārasahitākāro asaṃyogaparo. Karaṇānīti kaṇṭhādīni.
488 488. 对于“未被举罪、未犯巴拉基格,以及本性住者”这一说法,注释说“本性住者、未被举罪者”等等。其中,“未被驱出”只是前一个词的同义说法。“戒清净者”指没有犯巴拉基格的人。他们当中,不能有欲或清净(的传递)——意思是:当三个人或两个人坐着时,即使其中一人或两人的欲与清净已经被带来,也等于没有带来。巴利
488. Anukkhittā pārājikaṃ anāpannā ca pakatattāti āha ‘‘pakatattā anukkhittā’’tiādi. Tattha anissāritāti purimapadasseva vevacanaṃ. Parisuddhasīlāti pārājikaṃ anāpannā. Na tesaṃ chando vā pārisuddhi vā etīti tīsu dvīsu vā nisinnesu ekassa vā dvinnaṃ vā chandapārisuddhi āhaṭāpi anāhaṭāva hotīti adhippāyo.
关于求听甘马的注释巴利
Apalokanakammakathāvaṇṇanā
495-496 “身和合”是指接受同宿等。他乐于美善,所以叫“妙乐者”;或者善于自制,所以叫“善自制者”。谦下而住,就是处在卑下的状态。反思,就是用智慧反复观察之后。那种不可礼拜的甘马是被允许的,这是前后关联。这也是白众甘马的适用场合,意思是白众甘马也这样进行。甘马本身就是特征,所以叫“甘马特征”。就像接纳、驱出、剃度等甘马一样,既是甘马,又不另外得到别的名称,只是以甘马本身而被认知,所以说“甘马特征”。为了说明所说的甘马特征,接着说了“衣未断者、衣破旧者、衣丢失者”等。债务障碍,就是债务本身就是障碍,但也应当替他还债。如果那样的比丘被债主们阻碍,从彼处所得的利养中也应当替他还债,这是这里的意旨。巴利
495-496.Kāyasambhogasāmaggīti sahaseyyapaṭiggahaṇādi. So ratoti subhe rato. Suṭṭhu oratoti vā sorato. Nivātavuttīti nīcavutti. Paṭisaṅkhāti paṭisaṅkhāya ñāṇena upaparikkhitvā. Yaṃ taṃ avandiyakammaṃ anuññātanti sambandho. Imassa apalokanakammassa ṭhānaṃ hotīti evampi apalokanakammaṃ pavattatīti attho. Kammameva lakkhaṇanti kammalakkhaṇaṃ. Osāraṇanissāraṇabhaṇḍukammādayo viya kammañca hutvā aññañca nāmaṃ na labhati, kammameva hutvā upalakkhīyatīti ‘‘kammalakkhaṇa’’nti vuccati. Etampi kammalakkhaṇamevāti vuttakammalakkhaṇaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘acchinnacīvarajiṇṇacīvaranaṭṭhacīvarāna’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Iṇapalibodhampīti iṇameva palibodho iṇapalibodho, tampi dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace tādisaṃ bhikkhuṃ iṇāyikā palibundhanti, tatruppādatopi tassa iṇaṃ sodhetuṃ vaṭṭatīti adhippāyo.
“伞盖或栏楯”:这里,栏楯是指塔庙上方四方形的堆积物;伞盖是指在其上方,用环状装饰显示而做成的最上堆积物。“塔庙的寄存物”,是指为了塔庙的新修工程而寄存的东西,也就是说属于塔庙所有。“应另立其他规约”,是因为没有被先前的规约涵盖而说的。“他们”,是指那些住在各人住处的人,就是他们。“十分之一”,就是第十份。“在那里”,是指在那个寺院里。“根本”,是指先前。仅仅凭“从今以后分配而食”这句话,随意受用就已经被禁止了,所以说“先前的规约废止”。巴利
Chattaṃ vā vedikaṃ vāti ettha vedikāti cetiyassa upari caturassacayo vuccati. Chattanti tato uddhaṃ valayāni dassetvā kato aggacayo vuccati. Cetiyassa upanikkhepatoti cetiye navakammattāya upanikkhittato, cetiyasantakatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Aññā katikā kātabbāti purimakatikāya asaṅgahitattā vuttaṃ. Tehīti yesaṃ puggalikaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhanti, tehi. Dasabhāganti dasamabhāgaṃ. Tatthāti tasmiṃ vihāre. Mūleti pubbe. ‘‘Ito paṭṭhāya bhājetvā khādantū’’ti vacaneneva yathāsukhaṃ paribhogo paṭikkhitto hotīti āha ‘‘purimakatikā paṭippassambhatī’’ti.
跟随而去,就是从后面一路跟着走。不期望,就是从他们那里(不期望)。巴利
Anuvicaritvāti pacchato pacchato gantvā. Apaccāsīsantenāti tesaṃ santikā
不期望得到资具的人。所谓“根本部分”,就是在说明前面已经讲过的意思:“只有十分之一”。或者也可以理解为建造尚未建成的住处,就是靠从那里得到的收入来建造。在守护的时候不应阻拦:就是在花果繁茂、需要守护的时候,不应阻拦。在守护的时候:就是开始守护的时候。在甘马处所的差别中:就是白甘马的处所差别。巴利
Paccayaṃ apaccāsīsantena. Mūlabhāganti vuttamevatthaṃ vibhāveti ‘‘dasabhāgamatta’’nti. Akatāvāsaṃ vā katvāti tato uppannaāyena katvā. Jaggitakāle ca na vāretabbāti jaggitānaṃ pupphaphalabharitakāle na vāretabbā. Jagganakāleti jaggituṃ āraddhakāle. Ñattikammaṭṭhānabhedeti ñattikammassa ṭhānabhede.
未制立者中“制立品”的注释巴利
Apaññatte paññattavaggavaṇṇanā
500 五百条:七罪聚被称为“已制立”,这是它们的关联。咖咕桑特佛、果纳嘎玛那佛、迦叶佛这三位佛陀才制立了七罪聚,而维巴斯等佛陀只是诵说教诫巴帝摩卡,并没有制立学处,所以说“咖咕桑特……中间略……在未被任何人制立学处的那段时间里”。这里剩下的内容很容易理解。巴利
500. Satta āpattikkhandhā paññattaṃ nāmāti sambandho. Kakusandhakoṇāgamanakassapā eva satta āpattikkhandhe paññapesuṃ, vipassīādayo pana ovādapātimokkhaṃ uddisiṃsu, na sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesunti āha ‘‘kakusandhañca…pe… antarā kenaci apaññatte sikkhāpade’’ti. Sesamettha suviññeyyameva.
结语的注释巴利
Nigamanakathāvaṇṇanā
在结尾的偈颂里,这个意思是这样:所谓“分别开示的教法”,应当把由两部分别、犍度、附随所分别开示的教法,连接为“律藏”。所谓“它的”,就是指那个律藏的。巴利
Avasānagāthāsu pana ayamattho. Vibhattadesananti ubhatovibhaṅgakhandhakaparivārehi vibhattadesanaṃ vinayapiṭakanti yojetabbaṃ. Tassāti tassa vinayassa.
关于“在此,此”等语,其解释就按照第一巴拉基格注释中所说的那样。巴利
Tatridantiādi paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayameva.
“以世尊的大菩提树为庄严”,意思是:由世尊所享用的大菩提树所庄严、装饰。这句话承接的是:在那座大寺南边,最殊胜的那座精勤堂。其中,“精勤堂”就是叫这个名字的院落。“为具足清净行持之戒的比丘僧团所依止”,这也是精勤堂的特征。巴利
Satthumahābodhivibhūsitoti satthunā paribhuttamahābodhivibhūsito maṇḍito, tassa mahāvihārassa dakkhiṇabhāge uttamaṃ yaṃ padhānagharanti sambandho. Tattha padhānagharanti taṃnāmakaṃ pariveṇaṃ. Sucicārittasīlena, bhikkhusaṅghena sevitanti idampi padhānagharavisesanaṃ.
其中,“那里”指的是那座精勤堂。“以美观的围墙围绕”,是说用令人愉悦的围墙环绕起来。“具有清凉树荫的树木”,是因为枝叶茂密、层层遮蔽,所以有清凉树荫的树木。“具足妙水池”,是说水池中盛开着莲花、蓝睡莲、白睡莲、白香睡莲等各种花朵,遍布水面,又充满甘甜清凉的水,所以叫具足妙水池。“为……而说”,是指依止名为佛吉祥的长老,依他的劝请而说,这就是“所说”的意思。“成就”,是通过义理决断等而成就、丰裕、圆满。巴利
Tatthāti tasmiṃ padhānaghare. Cārupākārasañcitanti manāpena pākārena parikkhittaṃ. Sītacchāyatarūpetanti ghananicitapattasañchannasākhāpasākhatāya sītacchāyehi rukkhehi upetaṃ. Vikasitakamalakuvalayapuṇḍarīkasogandhikādipupphasañchannamadhurasītaludakapuṇṇatāya sampannā salilāsayā assāti sampannasalilāsayo. Uddisitvāti buddhasiriṃ nāma theraṃ nissāya, tassa ajjhesanaṃ nissāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Iddhāti atthavinicchayādīhi iddhā phītā paripuṇṇā.
“吉祥居所”,是指吉祥所居住的地方。“在胜利之年”,是指获得胜利的那一年。“这部”,是指为了佛吉祥长老而开始撰写的这部律藏注释,就是这部。“与法相应”,是指依靠善法。现在,为了让包括天界在内的世间获得究竟的安乐,他把自己的功德回向,因此说了“愿正法久住”等话。其中,“所积累”是指累积起来的功德。“以一切功德之力”,是指凭借那一切功德的力量。“一切众生”,是指欲界等各类众生。“愿他们受用正法之味”,是指愿他们按照各自的情况,通过证得三种菩提而受用正法之味。这里其余的内容很容易理解。巴利
Sirinivāsassāti siriyā nivāsaṭṭhānabhūtassa. Jayasaṃvacchareti jayappattasaṃvacchare. Ayanti theraṃ buddhasiriṃ uddissa yā vinayavaṇṇanā āraddhā, ayaṃ. Dhammūpasaṃhitāti kusalasannissitā. Idāni sadevakassa lokassa accantasukhādhigamāya attano puññaṃ pariṇāmento ‘‘ciraṭṭhitattha dhammassā’’tiādimāha . Tattha samācitanti upacitaṃ. Sabbassa ānubhāvenāti sabbassa tassa puññassa tejena. Sabbepi pāṇinoti kāmāvacarādibhedā sabbe sattā. Saddhammarasasevinoti yathārahaṃ bodhittayādhigamavasena saddhammarasasevino bhavantu. Sesamettha suviññeyyameva.
为令于律得善巧,亦为教法得增长;
此所肇始之注释,即律藏之注释也。
名为《显明精义》的这部著作,已经彻底完成;
以三万偈颂之量计算。
我为巴拉咖玛巴胡王所劝请,
彼王唯愿正法久住、教法光显。
就在他让人建好的那座可爱怡人、以百座楼阁装饰的园林里,
在种种树木成群、遍布各处,又令人乐于修行的住处。
住在具足清凉之水的祇园里;这个……
我作出了义理与文句都圆满的妥善判定。
无论我以此成就了什么功德,以及我另外积累了什么功德;
凭着这份功德善业,在我第二世的生命里。
在三十三天中欢欣喜悦,乐于持戒与品行等功德,
不执著五欲,证得初果。
在最后一生中,遇见弥勒牟尼尊。
世间最上的人、众生的皈依处,乐于利益一切众生。
见到了那位智者,听完了正法的教导;
证得最上的果位后,我要让胜者的教法光彩闪耀。
愿诸王永远以正法守护这些众生;
他们乐于行善积福,让胜者的教法光耀。
愿这一切众生永远都没有危险。
那些永远怀着善念者,愿他们达到不死之境。巴利
Vinaye pāṭavatthāya, sāsanassa ca vuḍḍhiyā; Vaṇṇanā yā samāraddhā, vinayaṭṭhakathāya sā. Sāratthadīpanī nāma, sabbaso pariniṭṭhitā; Tiṃsasahassamattehi, ganthehi parimāṇato. Ajjhesito narindena, sohaṃ parakkamabāhunā; Saddhammaṭṭhitikāmena, sāsanujjotakārinā. Teneva kārite ramme, pāsādasatamaṇḍite; Nānādumagaṇākiṇṇe, bhāvanābhiratālaye. Sītalūdakasampanne, vasaṃ jetavane imaṃ; Atthabyañjanasampannaṃ, akāsiṃ suvinicchayaṃ. Yaṃ siddhaṃ iminā puññaṃ, yaṃ caññaṃ pasutaṃ mayā; Etena puññakammena, dutiye attasambhave. Tāvatiṃse pamodento, sīlācāraguṇe rato; Alaggo pañcakāmesu, patvāna paṭhamaṃ phalaṃ. Antime attabhāvamhi, metteyyaṃ munipuṅgavaṃ; Lokaggapuggalaṃ nāthaṃ, sabbasattahite rataṃ. Disvāna tassa dhīrassa, sutvā saddhammadesanaṃ; Adhigantvā phalaṃ aggaṃ, sobheyyaṃ jinasāsanaṃ. Sadā rakkhantu rājāno, dhammeneva imaṃ pajaṃ; Niratā puññakammesu, jotentu jinasāsanaṃ. Ime ca pāṇino sabbe, sabbadā nirupaddavā; Niccaṃ kalyāṇasaṅkappā, pappontu amataṃ padanti.