三、集篇
3. Samuccayakkhandhakaṃ
泄精事的注释
Sukkavissaṭṭhikathāvaṇṇanā
97依《集篇》中所说的方法,应受持义务。依别住犍度注释所说的方法,应以两句或一句受持。“我感受”意指以心领受后,我体验乐,并非我因彼缘而苦,这是它的意趣。依所说的方法,应在僧团中舍弃,即依照别住犍度中所说,以“我舍弃行悦意,我舍弃义务”这两句或一句来舍弃。告知他后应舍弃,这是为了避免因不告知而构成破坏义务的恶作而说。越过两掷土的距离,是为了舍离能听见比丘诵经声的邻近范围而说;偏离大路,是为了舍离行路比丘的邻近范围;在灌木丛或围墙等遮蔽处,是为了舍离被看见的邻近范围。因未舍弃义务者须告知所有进入邻近范围的人,故说“这是已舍弃义务者的例外”。其中,“已舍弃义务者”是指舍弃义务后而住者。然而,此处长老的意趣是:舍弃义务后而住者,对进入邻近范围的所有人没有告知的义务;对已见其形色、已闻其声音者应告知;对未见未闻但在十二肘内者,亦应告知。这是舍弃义务后而住者的特征。
97. Samuccayakkhandhake vuttanayena vattaṃ samādātabbanti pārivāsikakkhandhakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayena dvīhi padehi ekena vā samādātabbaṃ. Vediyāmīti cittena sampaṭicchitvā sukhaṃ anubhavāmi, na tappaccayā ahaṃ dukkhitoti adhippāyo. Vuttanayeneva saṅghamajjhe nikkhipitabbanti pārivāsikakkhandhake vuttanayena ‘‘mānattaṃ nikkhipāmi, vattaṃ nikkhipāmī’’ti imehi dvīhi ekena vā nikkhipitabbaṃ. Tassa ārocetvā nikkhipitabbanti anārocanena vattabhedadukkaṭaparimocanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Dve leḍḍupāte atikkamitvāti bhikkhūnaṃ sajjhāyanasaddasavanūpacāravijahanatthaṃ vuttaṃ, mahāmaggato okkammāti maggappaṭipannabhikkhūnaṃ upacāravijahanatthaṃ, gumbena vā vatiyā vā paṭicchannaṭṭhāneti dassanūpacāravijahanatthaṃ. Anikkhittavattena antoupacāragatānaṃ sabbesampi ārocetabbattā ‘‘ayaṃ nikkhittavattassa parihāro’’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha nikkhittavattassāti vattaṃ nikkhipitvā parivasantassāti attho. Ayaṃ panettha therassa adhippāyo – vattaṃ nikkhipitvā parivasantassa upacāragatānaṃ sabbesaṃ ārocanakiccaṃ natthi, diṭṭharūpānaṃ sutasaddānaṃ ārocetabbaṃ, adiṭṭhaasutānampi antodvādasahatthagatānaṃ ārocetabbaṃ. Idaṃ vattaṃ nikkhipitvā parivasantassa lakkhaṇanti.
别住事的注释
Parivāsakathāvaṇṇanā
102“当有障碍时,作障碍想而覆藏,则为未覆藏。若对障碍作非障碍想而覆藏,亦为未覆藏”——也有这样的文句。无怨者,即欲作利益者。日出时,即曙光升起时。于清净者处,即于未犯同类桑喀地谢沙者之处。事,即泄不净等违犯。
102. ‘‘Satiyeva antarāye antarāyikasaññī chādeti, acchannā hoti. Antarāyikassa pana anantarāyikasaññāya chādayato acchannāvā’’tipi pāṭho. Averīti hitakāmo. Uddhaste aruṇeti uṭṭhite aruṇe. Suddhassa santiketi sabhāgasaṅghādisesaṃ anāpannassa santike. Vatthunti asucimocanādivītikkamaṃ.
泄精既是事,也是种姓。所谓泄精,因其揭示了以泄不净为特征的违犯,故为事;又因其显示了泄精本身具有同类共通、异类遮止的性质,故为种姓。所谓种姓,即“护持其种姓”。桑喀地谢沙既是名称,也是罪。所谓桑喀地谢沙,因其指示了由各种违犯所摄的罪聚之名称,故为名称;因其与罪同类,故为罪。
Sukkavissaṭṭhītivatthu ceva gottañcāti sukkavissaṭṭhīti idaṃ asucimocanalakkhaṇassa vītikkamassa pakāsanato vatthu ceva hoti, sajātiyasādhāraṇavijātiyavinivattasabhāvāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā eva pakāsanato gottañca hotīti attho. Gaṃ tāyatīti hi gottaṃ. Saṅghādisesotināmañceva āpatti cāti saṅghādisesoti tena tena vītikkamena āpannassa āpattinikāyassa nāmappakāsanato nāmañceva hoti āpattisabhāgattā āpatti ca.
作适当的甘马语后,应授予行悦意——
Tadanurūpaṃ kammavācaṃ katvā mānattaṃ dātabbanti –
“尊者僧听!此某甲比丘犯一罪——故意出精,覆藏一夜。彼向僧乞一罪故意出精覆藏一夜,一夜别住。僧已与某甲比丘一罪故意出精覆藏一夜,一夜别住。彼已行别住。此某甲比丘犯一罪——故意出精,未覆藏。彼向僧乞……(中略)……僧今与某甲比丘二故意出精罪,一覆一不覆,六夜行悦意。若僧时到,僧与某甲比丘二故意出精罪覆不覆者六夜行悦意。白如是。”
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajji sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ ekāhapaṭicchannaṃ, so saṅghaṃ ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhapaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ yāci. Saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhapaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ adāsi. So parivutthaparivāso. Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajji sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ appaṭicchannaṃ, so saṅghaṃ tāsaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattaṃ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dvinnaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattaṃ dadeyya, esā ñatti.
“尊者僧听!……(中略)……彼已行别住。此某甲比丘犯一罪——故意出精,未覆藏。彼向僧乞……(中略)……僧与某甲比丘二故意出精罪覆不覆者六夜行悦意。若诸尊者忍与某甲比丘二故意出精罪覆不覆者六夜行悦意,则请默然;若不忍,请说。”
Suṇātu me, bhante…pe… so parivutthaparivāso. Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajji sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ appaṭicchannaṃ, so saṅghaṃ tāsaṃ…pe… yācati. Saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dvinnaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattaṃ deti. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dvinnaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattassa dānaṃ, so tuṇhassa. Yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
我第二次宣说此事……乃至……我第三次宣说此事……乃至……
Dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi…pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi…pe…
僧团已对某甲比丘所犯的两条故意泄精罪——不论覆藏与否——作出了六夜悦意的处罚。僧团认可,故默然。我如是持。
Dinnaṃ saṅghena itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dvinnaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattaṃ, khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī. Evametaṃ dhārayāmīti –
如此作甘马语后,应授予悦意处罚。对于已行悦意者,应依此同一方式组合甘马语,进而作出罪。
Evaṃ kammavācaṃ katvā mānattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Ciṇṇamānattassa ca imināva nayena kammavācaṃ yojetvā abbhānaṃ kātabbaṃ.
“于其他”是指依清净边别住而从罪中出离之外的其他。应连接为:覆藏十罪百夜。
Aññasminti suddhantaparivāsavasena āpattivuṭṭhānato aññasmiṃ. Dasasataṃ āpattiyo rattisataṃ chādayitvāti yojetabbaṃ.
“净化自己的界后,于住处界”——这是指住处内已结的界而说的。应越过住处邻近范围两掷土的距离:这是针对比丘住处而言,因为越过村落的邻近范围,便已成就了越过比丘尼住处的邻近范围。“住处的”即指比丘住处。“未说村落的”意指未说可舍离村落的邻近范围,故义趣为:即使在村落邻近范围中亦可。
Attano sīmaṃ sodhetvā vihārasīmāyāti vihāre baddhasīmameva sandhāya vuttaṃ. Vihārūpacāratopi dve leḍḍupātā atikkamitabbāti bhikkhuvihāraṃ sandhāya vadati gāmūpacārātikkameneva bhikkhunīvihārūpacārātikkamassa siddhattā. Vihārassa cāti bhikkhuvihārassa. Gāmassāti na vuttanti gāmassa upacāraṃ muñcituṃ vaṭṭatīti na vuttaṃ, tasmā gāmūpacārepi vaṭṭatīti adhippāyo.
“期望就在那里的住处”是指期望比丘们的住处。“别住义务等”即别住、依止、舍还等。这看似更合理,以此说明:如同未舍弃义务的比丘,比丘尼也只应告知进入邻近界内者,而不应前往告知居住在村中的人。“在那个村中”是指比丘尼净舍所在的那个村庄。“站在邻近界外”即站在邻近界之外。“应选定后给予”:此处,选定后给予者,即使同住亦不断夜。
Tattheva ṭhānaṃ paccāsīsantīti bhikkhūnaṃ ṭhānaṃ paccāsīsanti. Parivāsavattādīnanti parivāsanissayapaṭippassaddhiādīnaṃ. Yuttataraṃ dissatīti iminā anikkhittavattabhikkhunā viya bhikkhuniyāpi antoupacārasīmagatānaṃyeva ārocetabbaṃ, na gāme ṭhitānampi gantvā ārocetabbanti dīpeti. Tasmiṃ gāmeti yasmiṃ gāme bhikkhunupassayo hoti, tasmiṃ gāme. Bahi upacārasīmāya ṭhatvāti upacārasīmato bahi ṭhatvā. Sammannitvā dātabbāti ettha sammannitvā dinnāya sahavāsepi ratticchedo na hoti.
覆藏别住事的注释
Paṭicchannaparivāsakathāvaṇṇanā
108应别住而行敬悦:即未作根本牵引,另以甘马语别受敬悦后而行。
108.Visuṃ mānattaṃ caritabbanti mūlāyapaṭikassanaṃ akatvā visuṃ kammavācāya mānattaṃ gahetvā caritabbaṃ.
关于合并计算别住之论的注释
Agghasamodhānaparivāsakathāvaṇṇanā
134“一罪为根”者,是就“一罪覆藏一日、一罪覆藏二日”等所说之义而言。“增罪”者,是就“一罪覆藏一日、二罪覆藏二日”等所说增罪之义而言。
134.Ekāpattimūlakanti ‘‘ekā āpatti ekāhappaṭicchannā, ekā āpatti dvīhappaṭicchannā’’tiādinā vuttanayaṃ sandhāya vadati. Āpattivaḍḍhanakanti ‘‘ekā āpatti ekāhappaṭicchannā, dve āpattiyo dvīhappaṭicchannā’’tiādinā vuttaṃ āpattivaḍḍhanakanayaṃ sandhāya.
关于二比丘段、十一法组等论的注释
Dvebhikkhuvāraekādasakādikathāvaṇṇanā
181“与偷兰遮等相杂”者,即同一事中,与前分所犯的偷兰遮、恶作相杂。所谓“覆藏法”,即是欲覆藏之心。
181.Thullaccayādīhi missakanti ekavatthumhi pubbabhāge āpannathullaccayadukkaṭehi missakaṃ. Makkhadhammo nāma chādetukāmatā.
182“众多桑喀地谢沙罪,犯及量等”等,是依种类而言的单数,或为抽象的中性词。此处其余内容,依巴利圣典及注疏即易明了。
182.Sambahulā saṅghādisesā āpattiyo āpajjati parimāṇampītiādi jātivasenekavacanaṃ, bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso vā. Sesamettha pāḷito aṭṭhakathāto ca suviññeyyameva.