3. 集犍度
3. Samuccayakkhandhakaṃ
《泄精事的注释》
Sukkavissaṭṭhikathāvaṇṇanā
97在《集篇》里按照所说的方式,应当受持义务;按照《别住犍度注》里所说的方式,则应当用两个词句或一个词句来受持。“我感受”的意思是:以心领受之后,我体验乐,并不是因为那个原因而痛苦。“应当照所说的方式在僧团中间舍弃”,就是按照《别住犍度》里所说的方式,用“我舍弃敬悦,我舍弃义务”这两个词句或其中一个来舍弃。告知他之后再舍弃,这是为了说明:如果不告知,就会犯破坏义务的恶作,这样说就是为了避免那个过失。越过两个掷土块的距离,是为了舍离能听到比丘们诵经声的近处范围;离开大路,是为了舍离在路上行走的比丘们的近处范围;在灌木丛或围墙等遮蔽处,是为了舍离被看见的近处范围。因为还没有舍弃义务的人,必须告知所有进入近处范围的人,所以说“这是已舍弃义务者的例外”。其中,“已舍弃义务者”的意思是:舍弃义务之后而住的人。不过,这里长老的意趣是:舍弃义务之后而住的人,对进入近处范围的所有人并没有告知的义务;对已经见到其形色、已经听到其声音的人应当告知;对没有见到、没有听到、但在十二肘以内的人,也应当告知。这就是舍弃义务之后而住者的特征。
97. Samuccayakkhandhake vuttanayena vattaṃ samādātabbanti pārivāsikakkhandhakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayena dvīhi padehi ekena vā samādātabbaṃ. Vediyāmīti cittena sampaṭicchitvā sukhaṃ anubhavāmi, na tappaccayā ahaṃ dukkhitoti adhippāyo. Vuttanayeneva saṅghamajjhe nikkhipitabbanti pārivāsikakkhandhake vuttanayena ‘‘mānattaṃ nikkhipāmi, vattaṃ nikkhipāmī’’ti imehi dvīhi ekena vā nikkhipitabbaṃ. Tassa ārocetvā nikkhipitabbanti anārocanena vattabhedadukkaṭaparimocanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Dve leḍḍupāte atikkamitvāti bhikkhūnaṃ sajjhāyanasaddasavanūpacāravijahanatthaṃ vuttaṃ, mahāmaggato okkammāti maggappaṭipannabhikkhūnaṃ upacāravijahanatthaṃ, gumbena vā vatiyā vā paṭicchannaṭṭhāneti dassanūpacāravijahanatthaṃ. Anikkhittavattena antoupacāragatānaṃ sabbesampi ārocetabbattā ‘‘ayaṃ nikkhittavattassa parihāro’’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha nikkhittavattassāti vattaṃ nikkhipitvā parivasantassāti attho. Ayaṃ panettha therassa adhippāyo – vattaṃ nikkhipitvā parivasantassa upacāragatānaṃ sabbesaṃ ārocanakiccaṃ natthi, diṭṭharūpānaṃ sutasaddānaṃ ārocetabbaṃ, adiṭṭhaasutānampi antodvādasahatthagatānaṃ ārocetabbaṃ. Idaṃ vattaṃ nikkhipitvā parivasantassa lakkhaṇanti.
别住说的注释
Parivāsakathāvaṇṇanā
102有另一种读法是:只有在有障碍时,把它想成是障碍而覆藏,才构成覆藏;如果没有覆藏,就不算覆藏。但如果把有障碍想成没有障碍而覆藏,那也仍然不算覆藏。无怨,是指想要利益对方。日出时,就是太阳升起、曙光出现的时候。在清净者面前,就是在没有犯同类桑喀地谢思罪的人面前。事,是指泄不净等违犯行为。
102. ‘‘Satiyeva antarāye antarāyikasaññī chādeti, acchannā hoti. Antarāyikassa pana anantarāyikasaññāya chādayato acchannāvā’’tipi pāṭho. Averīti hitakāmo. Uddhaste aruṇeti uṭṭhite aruṇe. Suddhassa santiketi sabhāgasaṅghādisesaṃ anāpannassa santike. Vatthunti asucimocanādivītikkamaṃ.
泄精这件事,既是“事”,也是“种姓”。说它是“事”,是因为它说明了以排出不净为特征的违犯;说它是“种姓”,是因为它说明的正是泄精本身具有同类共通、异类不共的性质。所谓“种姓”,即“保护其种姓”之意。桑喀地谢思既是名称,也是罪。说它是“名称”,是因为它指出了由各种违犯所构成的罪聚之名;说它是“罪”,是因为它与罪同类。
Sukkavissaṭṭhītivatthu ceva gottañcāti sukkavissaṭṭhīti idaṃ asucimocanalakkhaṇassa vītikkamassa pakāsanato vatthu ceva hoti, sajātiyasādhāraṇavijātiyavinivattasabhāvāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā eva pakāsanato gottañca hotīti attho. Gaṃ tāyatīti hi gottaṃ. Saṅghādisesotināmañceva āpatti cāti saṅghādisesoti tena tena vītikkamena āpannassa āpattinikāyassa nāmappakāsanato nāmañceva hoti āpattisabhāgattā āpatti ca.
作完相应的甘马语之后,应当给予敬悦。
Tadanurūpaṃ kammavācaṃ katvā mānattaṃ dātabbanti –
尊者,请僧团听我说:这位名叫某某的比丘犯了一条罪——故意出精,覆藏了一夜。他向僧团请求就这一条故意出精、覆藏一夜的罪,给予一夜别住。僧团已经给了这位某某比丘就这一条故意出精、覆藏一夜的罪,一夜别住。他已经行完了别住。这位某某比丘又犯了一条罪——故意出精,没有覆藏。他向僧团请求就那些故意出精的罪——覆藏的也好,没覆藏的也好——给予六夜敬悦。如果僧团觉得时机合适,僧团应当给这位某某比丘就两条故意出精的罪——覆藏的也好,没覆藏的也好——六夜敬悦。这是公告。
‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajji sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ ekāhapaṭicchannaṃ, so saṅghaṃ ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhapaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ yāci. Saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno ekissā āpattiyā sañcetanikāya sukkavissaṭṭhiyā ekāhapaṭicchannāya ekāhaparivāsaṃ adāsi. So parivutthaparivāso. Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajji sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ appaṭicchannaṃ, so saṅghaṃ tāsaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattaṃ yācati. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dvinnaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattaṃ dadeyya, esā ñatti.
尊者们,请听我说……(中略)……他已经服完别住。这位名叫某甲的比丘犯了故意出精的罪,没有覆藏。他向僧团请求……(中略)……僧团给名叫某甲的比丘,就两项故意出精的罪——一项覆藏、一项未覆藏——给予六夜敬悦。如果各位尊者认可给名叫某甲的比丘,就两项故意出精的罪——一项覆藏、一项未覆藏——给予六夜敬悦,就请保持沉默;如果不认可,就请说出来。
Suṇātu me, bhante…pe… so parivutthaparivāso. Ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu ekaṃ āpattiṃ āpajji sañcetanikaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhiṃ appaṭicchannaṃ, so saṅghaṃ tāsaṃ…pe… yācati. Saṅgho itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dvinnaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattaṃ deti. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dvinnaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattassa dānaṃ, so tuṇhassa. Yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.
我第二次宣说此事……(中略)……我第三次宣说此事……(中略)……
Dutiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi…pe… tatiyampi etamatthaṃ vadāmi…pe…
僧团已把针对某位比丘两条故意泄精、覆藏与不覆藏的罪,给予六夜敬悦。僧团认可,所以默然。我这样受持。
Dinnaṃ saṅghena itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dvinnaṃ āpattīnaṃ sañcetanikānaṃ sukkavissaṭṭhīnaṃ paṭicchannāya ca appaṭicchannāya ca chārattaṃ mānattaṃ, khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī. Evametaṃ dhārayāmīti –
这样作完甘马语之后,应当给予敬悦。对于已经行过敬悦的人,按照同样的方式配上甘马语之后,应当作出罪。
Evaṃ kammavācaṃ katvā mānattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Ciṇṇamānattassa ca imināva nayena kammavācaṃ yojetvā abbhānaṃ kātabbaṃ.
“于其他”是指:除了依清净边别住而从出罪之外的其他情况。应当连起来理解为:覆藏一千个罪过,经过一百夜。
Aññasminti suddhantaparivāsavasena āpattivuṭṭhānato aññasmiṃ. Dasasataṃ āpattiyo rattisataṃ chādayitvāti yojetabbaṃ.
先把自己这边的界清理干净。“住处界”这句话,是就住处里已经结好的界来说的。要越过住处附近范围两掷土的距离——这是对比丘住处说的,因为一旦越过村子的附近范围,就已经算是越过了比丘尼住处的附近范围。“住处的”指的是比丘住处。没有说“村子的”,意思是并没有说可以舍离村子的附近范围,所以真正的意思是:即使在村子的附近范围内也可以。
Attano sīmaṃ sodhetvā vihārasīmāyāti vihāre baddhasīmameva sandhāya vuttaṃ. Vihārūpacāratopi dve leḍḍupātā atikkamitabbāti bhikkhuvihāraṃ sandhāya vadati gāmūpacārātikkameneva bhikkhunīvihārūpacārātikkamassa siddhattā. Vihārassa cāti bhikkhuvihārassa. Gāmassāti na vuttanti gāmassa upacāraṃ muñcituṃ vaṭṭatīti na vuttaṃ, tasmā gāmūpacārepi vaṭṭatīti adhippāyo.
就在那个地方,她们期望的住处,是指她们期望比丘们的住处。别住义务等,是指别住、依止、舍还等。这样看来更合理,以此说明:就像未舍弃义务的比丘一样,比丘尼也只应该告知进入邻近界内的人,不应该走到村里去告诉住在村中的人。在那个村里,是指比丘尼净舍所在的那个村。站在邻近界外,是指站在邻近界之外。选定后给予:在这里,选定后给予的,即使同住也不会断夜。
Tattheva ṭhānaṃ paccāsīsantīti bhikkhūnaṃ ṭhānaṃ paccāsīsanti. Parivāsavattādīnanti parivāsanissayapaṭippassaddhiādīnaṃ. Yuttataraṃ dissatīti iminā anikkhittavattabhikkhunā viya bhikkhuniyāpi antoupacārasīmagatānaṃyeva ārocetabbaṃ, na gāme ṭhitānampi gantvā ārocetabbanti dīpeti. Tasmiṃ gāmeti yasmiṃ gāme bhikkhunupassayo hoti, tasmiṃ gāme. Bahi upacārasīmāya ṭhatvāti upacārasīmato bahi ṭhatvā. Sammannitvā dātabbāti ettha sammannitvā dinnāya sahavāsepi ratticchedo na hoti.
覆藏别住说的注释
Paṭicchannaparivāsakathāvaṇṇanā
108应当单独行敬悦:没有先做根本牵引,而是另外通过甘马语单独受敬悦之后再行持。
108.Visuṃ mānattaṃ caritabbanti mūlāyapaṭikassanaṃ akatvā visuṃ kammavācāya mānattaṃ gahetvā caritabbaṃ.
合并计算别住法的讨论注释
Agghasamodhānaparivāsakathāvaṇṇanā
134“一罪为根”这一说法,是针对“一罪覆藏一日、一罪覆藏二日”等所说的方式而讲的。“增罪”则是针对“一罪覆藏一日、二罪覆藏二日”等所说的增罪方式而讲的。
134.Ekāpattimūlakanti ‘‘ekā āpatti ekāhappaṭicchannā, ekā āpatti dvīhappaṭicchannā’’tiādinā vuttanayaṃ sandhāya vadati. Āpattivaḍḍhanakanti ‘‘ekā āpatti ekāhappaṭicchannā, dve āpattiyo dvīhappaṭicchannā’’tiādinā vuttaṃ āpattivaḍḍhanakanayaṃ sandhāya.
关于两位比丘的段落以及十一法组等的注释
Dvebhikkhuvāraekādasakādikathāvaṇṇanā
181181.“与土喇咤亚等相杂”:在同一件事的前一阶段,与所犯的土喇咤亚和恶作相杂。所谓“覆藏法”,就是想要掩盖的心。
181.Thullaccayādīhi missakanti ekavatthumhi pubbabhāge āpannathullaccayadukkaṭehi missakaṃ. Makkhadhammo nāma chādetukāmatā.
182众多桑喀地谢思罪,犯及量等句,是依种类而用单数,或者是中性抽象词的表述。这里其余的内容,从巴利圣典和注疏来看就很容易明白。
182.Sambahulā saṅghādisesā āpattiyo āpajjati parimāṇampītiādi jātivasenekavacanaṃ, bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso vā. Sesamettha pāḷito aṭṭhakathāto ca suviññeyyameva.