321 应知哪些是造成犯罪的法。应知哪些是不造成犯罪的法。应知什么是罪。应知什么是无罪。应知什么是轻罪。应知什么是重罪。应知什么是有余罪。应知什么是无余罪。应知什么是恶秽罪。应知什么是非恶秽罪。应知什么是可作对治的罪。应知什么是不可作对治的罪。应知什么是依忏悔除灭的罪。应知什么是非依忏悔除灭的罪。应知什么是障道的罪。应知什么是非障道的罪。应知什么是制罪的罪。应知什么是非制罪的罪。应知什么是因做而生起的罪。应知什么是因不做而生起的罪。应知什么是因做与不做而生起的罪。应知什么是先罪。应知什么是后罪。应知什么是先罪之中的中间罪。应知什么是后罪之中的中间罪。应知什么是已说罪而计入数的罪。应知什么是已说罪而不计入数的罪。应知什么是制定。应知什么是随制。应知什么是未制。应知什么是遍处制。应知什么是方所制。应知什么是共通制。应知什么是不共通制。应知什么是一处制。应知什么是两处制。应知什么是粗罪。应知什么是非粗罪。应知什么是与在家人相关的罪。应知什么是与在家人不相关的罪。应知什么是决定罪。应知什么是不决定罪。应知什么是始作的人。应知什么是非始作的人。应知什么是偶犯的人。应知什么是常犯的人。应知什么是举罪者。应知什么是被举罪者。应知什么是非法举罪者。应知什么是被非法举罪者。应知什么是如法举罪者。应知什么是被如法举罪者。应知什么是决定的人。应知什么是不决定的人。应知什么是不可能犯罪的人。应知什么是可能犯罪的人。应知什么是被举者。应知什么是未被举者。应知什么是灭摈者。应知什么是未被灭摈者。应知什么是共住者。应知什么是不共住者。应知什么是搁置。显示巴利原文
Āpattikarā dhammā jānitabbā. Anāpattikarā dhammā jānitabbā. Āpatti jānitabbā. Anāpatti jānitabbā. Lahukā āpatti jānitabbā. Garukā āpatti jānitabbā. Sāvasesā āpatti jānitabbā. Anavasesā āpatti jānitabbā. Duṭṭhullā āpatti jānitabbā. Aduṭṭhullā āpatti jānitabbā. Sappaṭikammā āpatti jānitabbā. Appaṭikammā āpatti jānitabbā. Desanāgāminī āpatti jānitabbā. Adesanāgāminī āpatti jānitabbā. Antarāyikā āpatti jānitabbā. Anantarāyikā āpatti jānitabbā. Sāvajjapaññatti āpatti jānitabbā. Anavajjapaññatti āpatti jānitabbā. Kiriyato samuṭṭhitā āpatti jānitabbā. Akiriyato samuṭṭhitā āpatti jānitabbā. Kiriyākiriyato samuṭṭhitā āpatti jānitabbā. Pubbāpatti jānitabbā. Aparāpatti jānitabbā. Pubbāpattīnaṃ antarāpatti jānitabbā. Aparāpattīnaṃ antarāpatti jānitabbā. Desitā gaṇanūpagā āpatti jānitabbā. Desitā na gaṇanūpagā āpatti jānitabbā. Paññatti jānitabbā. Anupaññatti jānitabbā. Anuppannapaññatti jānitabbā. Sabbatthapaññatti jānitabbā. Padesapaññatti jānitabbā. Sādhāraṇapaññatti jānitabbā . Asādhāraṇapaññatti jānitabbā. Ekatopaññatti jānitabbā. Ubhatopaññatti jānitabbā. Thullavajjā āpatti jānitabbā. Athullavajjā āpatti jānitabbā. Gihipaṭisaṃyuttā āpatti jānitabbā. Na gihipaṭisaṃyuttā āpatti jānitabbā. Niyatā āpatti jānitabbā. Aniyatā āpatti jānitabbā. Ādikaro puggalo jānitabbo. Anādikaro puggalo jānitabbo. Adhiccāpattiko puggalo jānitabbo. Abhiṇhāpattiko puggalo jānitabbo. Codako puggalo jānitabbo. Cuditako puggalo jānitabbo. Adhammacodako puggalo jānitabbo. Adhammacuditako puggalo jānitabbo. Dhammacodako puggalo jānitabbo. Dhammacuditako puggalo jānitabbo . Niyato puggalo jānitabbo. Aniyato puggalo jānitabbo. Abhabbāpattiko puggalo jānitabbo. Bhabbāpattiko puggalo jānitabbo. Ukkhittako puggalo jānitabbo. Anukkhittako puggalo jānitabbo. Nāsitako puggalo jānitabbo. Anāsitako puggalo jānitabbo. Samānasaṃvāsako puggalo jānitabbo. Asamānasaṃvāsako puggalo jānitabbo. Ṭhapanaṃ jānitabbanti.
造成(罪)、罪、轻、有余与恶秽,
对治、忏悔,中间、有过、因做。
做与不做、先,中间、计入数;
制、随、未制,遍处、共通及一处。
粗、在家、决定,始、偶犯、举罪者;
非法、如法、决定,不能(犯罪者)、被举者、灭摈者;
显示巴利原文 Karā āpatti lahukā, sāvasesā ca duṭṭhullā; Paṭikammadesanā ca, antarā vajjakiriyaṃ. Kiriyākiriyaṃ pubbā, antarā gaṇanūpagā; Paññatti anānuppanna, sabbasādhāraṇā ca ekato . Thullagihiniyatā ca, ādi adhiccacodako; Adhammadhammaniyato, abhabbokkhittanāsitā;
共住与搁置,这是一法的摄颂。显示巴利原文
Samānaṃ ṭhapanañceva, uddānaṃ ekake idanti.
322 有罪是想解脱,有罪不是想解脱。有罪是对于已得定的人来说的;有罪是对于未得定的人来说的。有罪是与正法相关的;有罪是与非法相关的。有罪是与自己的资具相关的;有罪是与他人的资具相关的。有罪是与自己人相关的;有罪是与他人相关的。有时说实语会犯重罪,说谎话却犯轻罪。有时说谎话会犯重罪,说实语却犯轻罪。有罪是处在地上的人犯的,而不是处在空中的人犯的。有罪是处在空中的人犯的,而不是处在地上的人犯的。有罪是正出去的人犯的,而不是正进来的人犯的。有罪是正进来的人犯的,而不是正出去的人犯的。有罪是拿了的人犯的,有罪是没有拿的人犯的。有罪是持了的人犯的,有罪是没有持的人犯的。有罪是做了的人犯的,有罪是没有做的人犯的。有罪是给了的人犯的,有罪是没有给的人犯的。(有罪是宣布了的人犯的,有罪是没有宣布的人犯的。)有罪是正接受的人犯的,有罪是没有正接受的人犯的。有罪是因受用而犯显示巴利原文
Atthāpatti saññā vimokkhā, atthāpatti no saññāvimokkhā. Atthāpatti laddhasamāpattikassa, atthāpatti na laddhasamāpattikassa. Atthāpatti saddhammapaṭisaññuttā, atthāpatti asaddhammapaṭisaññuttā. Atthāpatti saparikkhārapaṭisaññuttā, atthāpatti paraparikkhārapaṭisaññuttā. Atthāpatti sapuggalapaṭisaññuttā, atthāpatti parapuggalapaṭisaññuttā. Atthi saccaṃ bhaṇanto garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, musā bhaṇanto lahukaṃ. Atthi musā bhaṇanto garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, saccaṃ bhaṇanto lahukaṃ. Atthāpatti bhūmigato āpajjati, no vehāsagato. Atthāpatti vehāsagato āpajjati, no bhūmigato. Atthāpatti nikkhamanto āpajjati, no pavisanto. Atthāpatti pavisanto āpajjati, no nikkhamanto. Atthāpatti ādiyanto āpajjati, atthāpatti anādiyanto āpajjati. Atthāpatti samādiyanto āpajjati , atthāpatti na samādiyanto āpajjati. Atthāpatti karonto āpajjati, atthāpatti na karonto āpajjati. Atthāpatti dento āpajjati, atthāpatti na dento āpajjati. (Atthāpatti desento āpajjati, atthāpatti na desento āpajjati.) Atthāpatti paṭiggaṇhanto āpajjati, atthāpatti na paṭiggaṇhanto āpajjati. Atthāpatti paribhogena āpajjati, atthāpatti na paribhogena āpajjati. Atthāpatti rattiṃ āpajjati, no divā. Atthāpatti divā āpajjati, no rattiṃ. Atthāpatti aruṇugge āpajjati, atthāpatti na aruṇugge āpajjati. Atthāpatti chindanto āpajjati, atthāpatti na chindanto āpajjati. Atthāpatti chādento āpajjati, atthāpatti na chādento āpajjati. Atthāpatti dhārento āpajjati, atthāpatti na dhārento āpajjati.
有两种布萨日:十四日布萨和十五日布萨。有两种邀请式:十四日邀请式和十五日邀请式。有两种羯磨:求听羯磨和白羯磨。另外还有两种羯磨:白二羯磨和白四羯磨。有两种羯磨事:求听羯磨的事和白羯磨的事。另外还有两种羯磨事:白二羯磨的事和白四羯磨的事。有两种羯磨过失:求听羯磨的过失和白羯磨的过失。另外还有两种羯磨过失:白二羯磨的过失和白四羯磨的过失。有两种羯磨成就:求听羯磨的成就和白羯磨的成就。另外还有两种羯磨成就:白二羯磨的成就和白四羯磨的成就。有两种导致别住的原因:自己把自己变成别住者,或者是和合的僧团因其不见罪、不忏罪、不舍邪见而举其别住。有两种导致共住的原因:自己把自己变成共住者,或者是和合的僧团因其已见罪、已忏罪、已舍邪见而将被举者解回共住。有两种波罗夷罪:比丘的波罗夷罪和比丘尼的波罗夷罪。有两种僧残罪、两种粗罪、两种波逸提罪、两种悔过罪、两种恶作、两种恶说:显示巴利原文
Dve uposathā – cātuddasiko ca pannarasiko ca. Dve pavāraṇā – cātuddasikā ca pannarasikā ca. Dve kammāni – apalokanakammaṃ, ñattikammaṃ. Aparānipi dve kammāni – ñattidutiyakammaṃ, ñatticatutthakammaṃ. Dve kammavatthūni – apalokanakammassa vatthu, ñattikammassa vatthu. Aparānipi dve kammavatthūni – ñattidutiyakammassa vatthu, ñatticatutthakammassa vatthu. Dve kammadosā – apalokanakammassa doso, ñattikammassa doso. Aparepi dve kammadosā – ñattidutiyakammassa doso, ñatticatutthakammassa doso. Dve kammasampattiyo – apalokanakammassa sampatti, ñattikammassa sampatti. Aparāpi dve kammasampattiyo – ñattidutiyakammassa sampatti, ñatticatutthakammassa sampatti. Dve nānāsaṃvāsakabhūmiyo – attanā vā attānaṃ nānāsaṃvāsakaṃ karoti, samaggo vā naṃ saṅgho ukkhipati adassane vā appaṭikamme vā appaṭinissagge vā. Dve samānasaṃvāsakabhūmiyo – attanā vā attānaṃ samānasaṃvāsakaṃ karoti, samaggo vā naṃ saṅgho ukkhittaṃ osāreti dassane vā paṭikamme vā paṭinissagge vā. Dve pārājikā – bhikkhūnañca bhikkhunīnañca. Dve saṅghādisesā, dve thullaccayā, dve pācittiyā, dve pāṭidesanīyā, dve dukkaṭā, dve dubbhāsitā – bhikkhūnañca bhikkhunīnañca. Satta āpattiyo, satta āpattikkhandhā. Dvīhākārehi saṅgho bhijjati – kammena vā salākaggāhena vā.
有两种人不能授具足戒:年岁不足者和身相不具足者。另外还有两种人不能授具足戒:事行有缺者和犯有恶作罪者。另外还有两种人不能授具足戒:不具足者和具足却不请求者。有两种人不应依止而住:无惭者和愚者。有两种人不应该给与依止:无惭者和有惭却不请求者。有两种人应该给与依止:愚者和有惭又请求者。有两种人不可能犯下罪堕:佛陀和辟支佛。有两种人可能犯下罪堕:比丘和比丘尼。有两种人不可能故意犯下罪堕:比丘和比丘尼中的圣者。有两种人可能故意犯下罪堕:比丘和比丘尼中的凡夫。有两种人不可能故意行具有亏犯之基的事:比丘和比丘尼中的圣者。有两种人可能故意行具有亏犯之基的事:比丘和比丘尼中的凡夫。显示巴利原文
Dve puggalā na upasampādetabbā – addhānahīno, aṅgahīno. Aparepi dve puggalā na upasampādetabbā – vatthuvipanno, karaṇadukkaṭako. Aparepi dve puggalā na upasampādetabbā – aparipūro paripūro no ca yācati. Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ nissāya na vatthabbaṃ – alajjissa ca bālassa ca. Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ nissayo na dātabbo – alajjissa ca lajjino ca na yācati. Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ nissayo dātabbo – bālassa ca lajjissa ca yācati. Dve puggalā abhabbā āpattiṃ āpajjituṃ – buddhā ca paccekabuddhā ca. Dve puggalā bhabbā, āpattiṃ āpajjituṃ – bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca. Dve puggalā abhabbā sañcicca āpattiṃ āpajjituṃ – bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca ariyapuggalā. Dve puggalā bhabbā sañcicca āpattiṃ āpajjituṃ – bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca puthujjanā. Dve puggalā abhabbā sañcicca sātisāraṃ vatthuṃ ajjhācarituṃ – bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca ariyapuggalā. Dve puggalā bhabbā sañcicca sātisāraṃ vatthuṃ ajjhācarituṃ – bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca puthujjanā.
有两种反对:以身反对或以语反对。有两种驱出:有一种人不应被驱出,若僧团将其驱出,有些是善驱出,有些是恶驱出。有两种解回:有一种人不应被解回,若僧团将其解回,有些是善解回,有些是恶解回。有两种承诺:以身承诺或以语承诺。有两种接受:以身接受或以附着身体之物接受。有两种拒绝:以身拒绝或以语拒绝。有两种损害:损害学处和损害利养。有两种举罪:以身举罪或以语举罪。有两种迦絺那衣衣的障碍:住处障和衣障。有两种迦絺那衣衣的无障碍:住处无障和衣无障。有两种衣:居士衣和粪扫衣。有两种钵:铁钵和陶钵。有两种(钵盖)托:锡制和铅制。有两种对钵的受持:以身受持或以语受持。有两种对衣的受持:以身受持或以语受持。有两种点净:面前点净和背后面点净。有两种律:比丘的律和比丘尼的律。有两种随顺律者:依制与顺制。有两种律的减损:在不适许之事上设置遮止,在适许之事上适度而作。以两种方式犯下罪堕:以身犯或以语犯。以两种方式从罪中出离:以身出离或以语出离。有两种别住:覆藏罪的别住和不覆藏罪的别住。另外还有两种别住:净化别住和合纳别住。有两种摩那埵:覆藏罪的摩那埵和不覆藏罪的摩那埵。另外还有两种摩那埵:半月摩那埵和合纳摩那埵。有两种人的夜晚中断:正在行别住者和正在行摩那埵者。有两种不尊重:不尊重人、不尊重法。有两种盐:天然盐和人造盐。另外还有两种盐:海盐和黑盐。另外还有两种盐:岩盐和高地盐。另外还有两种盐:罗马伽盐和帕咖拉伽盐。有两种受用:内受用和外受用。有两种骂:低劣的骂和高等的骂。以两种方式产生离间语:出于渴爱之心或出于破坏之意图。以两种方式促成别众食:因被邀请或因暗示。有两种入雨安居之始:前安居和后安居。有两种非法停止巴帝摩卡。有两种如法停止巴帝摩卡。显示巴利原文
Dve paṭikkosā – kāyena vā paṭikkosati vācāya vā paṭikkosati. Dve nissāraṇā – atthi puggalo appatto nissāraṇaṃ taṃ ce saṅgho nissāreti ekacco sunissārito, ekacco dunnissārito. Dve osāraṇā – atthi puggalo appatto osāraṇaṃ taṃ ce saṅgho osāreti ekacco sosārito, ekacco dosārito. Dve paṭiññā – kāyena vā paṭijānāti vācāya vā paṭijānāti. Dve paṭiggahā – kāyena vā paṭiggaṇhāti kāyapaṭibaddhena vā paṭiggaṇhāti. Dve paṭikkhepā – kāyena vā paṭikkhipati vācāya vā paṭikkhipati. Dve upaghātikā – sikkhūpaghātikā ca bhogūpaghātikā ca. Dve codanā – kāyena vā codeti vācāya vā codeti. Dve kathinassa palibodhā – āvāsapalibodho ca cīvarapalibodho ca. Dve kathinassa apalibodhā – āvāsaapalibodho ca cīvaraapalibodho ca. Dve cīvarāni – gahapatikañca paṃsukūlañca. Dve pattā – ayopatto mattikāpatto. Dve maṇḍalāni – tipumayaṃ, sīsamayaṃ. Dve pattassa adhiṭṭhānā – kāyena vā adhiṭṭheti vācāya vā adhiṭṭheti. Dve cīvarassa adhiṭṭhānā – kāyena vā adhiṭṭheti vācāya vā adhiṭṭheti. Dve vikappanā – sammukhāvikappanā ca parammukhāvikappanā ca. Dve vinayā – bhikkhūnañca bhikkhunīnañca. Dve venayikā – paññattañca paññattānulomañca. Dve vinayassa sallekhā – akappiye setughāto, kappiye mattakāritā. Dvīhākārehi āpattiṃ āpajjati – kāyena vā āpajjati vācāya vā āpajjati. Dvīhākārehi āpattiyā vuṭṭhāti – kāyena vā vuṭṭhāti vācāya vā vuṭṭhāti. Dve parivāsā – paṭicchannaparivāso, appaṭicchannaparivāso. Aparepi dve parivāsā – suddhantaparivāso samodhānaparivāso. Dve mānattā – paṭicchannamānattaṃ, appaṭicchannamānattaṃ. Aparepi dve mānattā – pakkhamānattaṃ, samodhānamānattaṃ. Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ ratticchedo – pārivāsikassa ca mānattacārikassa ca. Dve anādariyāni – puggalānādariyañca dhammānādariyañca. Dve loṇāni – jātimañca kārimañca . Aparānipi dve loṇāni – sāmuddaṃ kāḷaloṇaṃ. Aparānipi dve loṇāni – sindhavaṃ, ubbhidaṃ . Aparānipi dve loṇāni – romakaṃ, pakkālakaṃ. Dve paribhogā – abbhantaraparibhogo ca bāhiraparibhogo ca. Dve akkosā – hīno ca akkoso ukkaṭṭho ca akkoso. Dvīhākārehi pesuññaṃ hoti – piyakamyassa vā bhedādhippāyassa vā. Dvīhākārehi gaṇabhojanaṃ pasavati – nimantanato vā viññattito vā. Dve vassūpanāyikā – purimikā, pacchimikā. Dve adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Dve dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni.
有两种愚者:一种是还未到来就承担起负担的人,另一种是负担已经到来却不承担的人。有两种智者:一种是还未到来就不承担起负担的人,另一种是负担已经到来就承担的人。另外还有两种愚者:一种是在不适许的事上有适许想的人,另一种是在适许的事上有不适许想的人。有两种智者:一种是在不适许的事上有不适许想的人,另一种是在适许的事上有适许想的人。另外还有两种愚者:一种是在非罪上有罪想的人,另一种是在罪上有非罪想的人。有两种智者:一种是在罪上有罪想的人,另一种是在非罪上有非罪想的人。另外还有两种愚者:一种是在非法上有法想的人,另一种是在法上有非法想的人。有两种智者:一种是在非法上有非法想的人,另一种是在法上有法想的人。另外还有两种愚者:一种是在非律上有律想的人,另一种是在律上有非律想的人。有两种智者:一种是在非律上有非律想的人,另一种是在律上有律想的人。显示巴利原文
Dve puggalā bālā – yo ca anāgataṃ bhāraṃ vahati, yo ca āgataṃ bhāraṃ na vahati. Dve puggalā paṇḍitā – yo ca anāgataṃ bhāraṃ na vahati, yo ca āgataṃ bhāraṃ vahati. Aparepi dve puggalā bālā – yo ca akappiye kappiyasaññī, yo ca kappiye akappiyasaññī. Dve puggalā paṇḍitā – yo ca akappiye akappiyasaññī, yo ca kappiye kappiyasaññī. Aparepi dve puggalā bālā – yo ca anāpattiyā āpattisaññī, yo ca āpattiyā anāpattisaññī. Dve puggalā paṇḍitā – yo ca āpattiyā āpattisaññī, yo ca anāpattiyā anāpattisaññī. Aparepi dve puggalā bālā – yo ca adhamme dhammasaññī, yo ca dhamme adhammasaññī. Dve puggalā paṇḍitā – yo ca adhamme adhammasaññī, yo ca dhamme dhammasaññī. Aparepi dve puggalā bālā – yo ca avinaye vinayasaññī, yo ca vinaye avinayasaññī. Dve puggalā paṇḍitā – yo ca avinaye avinayasaññī, yo ca vinaye vinayasaññī.
有两种人的烦恼会增长:一种是对于不应生疑悔的事生疑悔的人,另一种是对于应生疑悔的事不生疑悔的人。有两种人的烦恼不会增长:一种是对于不应生疑悔的事不生疑悔的人,另一种是对于应生疑悔的事生疑悔的人。另外,还有两种人的烦恼会增长:一种是在不适许的事上有适许想的人,另一种是在适许的事上有不适许想的人。有两种人的烦恼不会增长:一种是在不适许的事上有不适许想的人,另一种是在适许的事上有适许想的人。另外,还有两种人的烦恼会增长:一种是在非罪上有罪想的人,另一种是在罪上有非罪想的人。有两种人的烦恼不会增长:一种是在非罪上有非罪想的人,另一种是在罪上有罪想的人。另外,还有两种人的烦恼会增长:一种是在非法上有法想的人,另一种是在法上有非法想的人。有两种人的烦恼不会增长:一种是在非法上有非法想的人,另一种是在法上有法想的人。另外,还有两种人的烦恼会增长:一种是在非律上有律想的人,另一种是在律上有非律想的人。有两种人的烦恼不会增长:一种是在非律上有非律想的人,另一种是在律上有律想的人。显示巴利原文
Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā vaḍḍhanti – yo ca na kukkuccāyitabbaṃ kukkuccāyati, yo ca kukkuccāyitabbaṃ kukkuccāyati. Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā na vaḍḍhanti – yo ca kukkuccāyitabbaṃ na kukkuccāyati, yo ca kukkuccāyitabbaṃ kukkuccāyati. Aparesampi dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā vaḍḍhanti – yo ca akappiye kappiyasaññī, yo ca kappiye akappiyasaññī. Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā na vaḍḍhanti – yo ca akappiye akappiyasaññī, yo ca kappiye kappiyasaññī. Aparesampi dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā vaḍḍhanti – yo ca anāpattiyā āpattisaññī, yo ca āpattiyā anāpattisaññī. Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā na vaḍḍhanti – yo ca anāpattiyā anāpattisaññī, yo ca āpattiyā āpattisaññī. Aparesampi dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā vaḍḍhanti – yo ca adhamme dhammasaññī, yo ca dhamme adhammasaññī. Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā na vaḍḍhanti – yo ca adhamme adhammasaññī, yo ca dhamme dhammasaññī. Aparesampi dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā vaḍḍhanti – yo ca avinaye vinayasaññī, yo ca vinaye avinayasaññī. Dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā na vaḍḍhanti – yo ca avinaye avinayasaññī, yo ca vinaye vinayasaññī.
想、已得及正法,资具及补特伽罗;
实语、地上、正出去,拿了及持起。
通过做、给、取、受用以及夜间;
在破晓时、覆盖、持用以及布萨。
自恣、羯磨,其他所依及其他过失;
另外两种成就,既有不同也有相同。
波罗夷、僧残、偷兰遮,波逸提、应悔过;
恶作与恶说,以及七种罪聚。
具足戒被破坏,同样,还有另外两种;
不可住、不可给,以及不能与能。
故意与有过失,反对与驱逐;
接纳与承认,接受与拒绝。
伤害与举罪,迦絺那两种亦然;
衣与钵曼陀罗,决意也两种。
两种摩那埵,还有夜断与不敬;
二种盐,三种另有所说,受用与叱骂。
两舌、群集、停留,以及持为负重;
无罪、非法与法,在律中,诸漏也是如此。
显示巴利原文 Saññā laddhā ca saddhammā, parikkhārā ca puggalā; Saccaṃ bhūmi nikkhamanto, ādiyanto samādiyaṃ. Karonto dento gaṇhanto, paribhogena ratti ca; Aruṇāchindaṃ chādento, dhārento ca uposathā. Pavāraṇā kammāparā, vatthu aparā dosā ca; Aparā dve ca sampatti, nānā samānameva ca. Pārājisaṅghathullaccaya, pācitti pāṭidesanā; Dukkaṭā dubbhāsitā ceva, satta āpattikkhandhā ca. Bhijjati upasampadā, tatheva apare duve; Na vatthabbaṃ na dātabbaṃ, abhabbābhabbameva ca. Sañcicca sātisārā ca, paṭikkosā nissāraṇā; Osāraṇā paṭiññā ca, paṭiggahā paṭikkhipā. Upaghāti codanā ca, kathinā ca duve tathā; Cīvarā pattamaṇḍalā, adhiṭṭhānā tatheva dve. Vikappanā ca vinayā, venayikā ca sallekhā; Āpajjati ca vuṭṭhāti, parivāsāpare duve. Dve mānattā apare ca, ratticchedo anādari; Dve loṇā tayo apare, paribhogakkosena ca. Pesuñño ca gaṇāvassa, ṭhapanā bhārakappiyaṃ; Anāpatti adhammadhammā, vinaye āsave tathāti.
323 有些罪,发生在世尊住世时,不在般涅槃后;有些罪,发生在世尊般涅槃后,不在住世时;有些罪,在世尊住世时也发生,在般涅槃后也发生。有些罪,在适时发生,不在非时;有些罪,在非时发生,不在适时;有些罪,在适时也发生,在非时也发生。有些罪,在夜间发生,不在白天;有些罪,在白天发生,不在夜间;有些罪,在夜间也发生,在白天也发生。有些罪,戒腊满十年者犯,戒腊不满十年者不犯;有些罪,戒腊不满十年者犯,戒腊满十年者不犯;有些罪,戒腊满十年者也犯,戒腊不满十年者也犯。有些罪,戒腊满五年者犯,戒腊不满五年者不犯;有些罪,戒腊不满五年者犯,戒腊满五年者不犯;有些罪,戒腊满五年者也犯,戒腊不满五年者也犯。有些罪,以善心犯;有些罪,以不善心犯;有些罪,以无记心犯。有些罪,伴有乐受者犯;有些罪,伴有苦受者犯;有些罪,伴有不苦不乐受者犯。三种举罪的根据:基于所见、基于所闻、基于怀疑。三种筹票的抽取方式:暗箱式、公开式、耳语式。三种拒绝的理由:欲望大、不知足、不简朴。三种允许的理由:欲望小、知足、简朴。另外三种拒绝的理由:欲望大、不知足、不知量。三种允许的理由:欲望小、知足、知量。三种制戒:根本制戒、补充制戒、未发生而预先制戒。另外三种制戒:普遍适用制戒、在特定区域适用的制戒、共通制戒。另外三种制戒:不共通制戒、单方制戒、双方共许制戒。显示巴利原文
Atthāpatti tiṭṭhante bhagavati āpajjati, no parinibbute; atthāpatti parinibbute bhagavati āpajjati, no tiṭṭhante; atthāpatti tiṭṭhantepi bhagavati āpajjati parinibbutepi. Atthāpatti kāle āpajjati, no vikāle; atthāpatti vikāle āpajjati, no kāle; atthāpatti kāle ceva āpajjati vikāle ca. Atthāpatti rattiṃ āpajjati, no divā; atthāpatti divā āpajjati, no rattiṃ; atthāpatti rattiñceva āpajjati divā ca. Atthāpatti dasavasso āpajjati, no ūnadasavasso; atthāpatti ūnadasavasso āpajjati, no dasavasso; atthāpatti dasavasso ceva āpajjati ūnadasavasso ca. Atthāpatti pañcavasso āpajjati, no ūnapañcavasso; atthāpatti ūnapañcavasso āpajjati, no pañcavasso; atthāpatti pañcavasso ceva āpajjati ūnapañcavasso ca. Atthāpatti kusalacitto āpajjati; atthāpatti akusalacitto āpajjati; atthāpatti abyākatacitto āpajjati. Atthāpatti sukhavedanāsamaṅgī āpajjati; atthāpatti dukkhavedanāsamaṅgī āpajjati; atthāpatti adukkhamasukhavedanāsamaṅgī āpajjati. Tīṇi codanāvatthūni – diṭṭhena, sutena, parisaṅkāya. Tayo salākaggāhā – guḷhako, vivaṭako , sakaṇṇajappako. Tayo paṭikkhepā – mahicchatā, asantuṭṭhitā , asallekhatā. Tayo anuññātā – appicchatā, santuṭṭhitā, sallekhatā. Aparepi tayo paṭikkhepā – mahicchatā, asantuṭṭhitā, amattaññutā. Tayo anuññātā – appicchatā, santuṭṭhitā, mattaññutā. Tisso paññattiyo – paññatti, anupaññatti, anuppannapaññatti. Aparāpi tisso paññattiyo – sabbatthapaññatti, padesapaññatti, sādhāraṇapaññatti. Aparāpi tisso paññattiyo – asādhāraṇapaññatti, ekatopaññatti, ubhatopaññatti.
有些罪,愚者犯,智者不犯;有些罪,智者犯,愚者不犯;有些罪,愚者也犯,智者也犯。有些罪,在黑月分犯,不在白月分;有些罪,在白月分犯,不在黑月分;有些罪,在黑月分也犯,在白月分也犯。有些事,在黑月分许可,在白月分不许可;有些事,在白月分许可,在黑月分不许可;有些事,在黑月分也许可,在白月分也许可。有些罪,在冬季犯,不在热季、不在雨季;有些罪,在热季犯,不在冬季、不在雨季;有些罪,在雨季犯,不在冬季、不在热季。有些罪,是僧团犯,不是别众、不是个人;有些罪,是别众犯,不是僧团、不是个人;有些罪,是个人犯,不是僧团、不是别众。有些事,僧团被许可,别众不被许可、个人不被许可;有些事,别众被许可,僧团不被许可、个人不被许可;有些事,个人被许可,僧团不被许可、别众不被许可。三种覆藏:覆藏事相,不覆藏罪行;覆藏罪行,不覆藏事相;既覆藏事相,也覆藏罪行。三种遮盖物:浴室的遮盖物、水的遮盖物、衣物的遮盖物。三种事物,在隐覆时能成办,暴露时则不能:女人在隐覆时能成办,暴露时则不能;婆罗门的咒语在隐覆时能成办,暴露时则不能;邪见在隐覆时能成办,暴露时则不能。三种事物,在暴露时光辉闪耀,隐覆时则不能:月轮在暴露时光辉闪耀,隐覆时则不能;日轮在暴露时光辉闪耀,隐覆时则不能;如来所宣说的法与律在暴露时光辉闪耀,隐覆时则不能。三种床座的取用方式:优先取用、后到取用、中间随机取用。有些罪,生病者犯,无病者不犯;有些罪,无病者犯,生病者不犯;有些罪,生病者也犯,无病者也犯。显示巴利原文
Atthāpatti bālo āpajjati, no paṇḍito; atthāpatti paṇḍito āpajjati, no bālo; atthāpatti bālo ceva āpajjati paṇḍito ca. Atthāpatti kāḷe āpajjati, no juṇhe; atthāpatti juṇhe āpajjati, no kāḷe; atthāpatti kāḷe ceva āpajjati juṇhe ca. Atthi kāḷe kappati, no juṇhe; atthi juṇhe kappati, no kāḷe; atthi kāḷe ceva kappati juṇhe ca. Atthāpatti hemante āpajjati, no gimhe no vasse; atthāpatti gimhe āpajjati, no hemante no vasse; atthāpatti vasse āpajjati, no hemante no gimhe. Atthāpatti saṅgho āpajjati, na gaṇo na puggalo; atthāpatti gaṇo āpajjati, na saṅgho na puggalo; atthāpatti puggalo āpajjati, na saṅgho na gaṇo. Atthi saṅghassa kappati, na gaṇassa na puggalassa; atthi gaṇassa kappati, na saṅghassa na puggalassa; atthi puggalassa kappati, na saṅghassa na gaṇassa. Tisso chādanā vatthuṃ chādeti, no āpattiṃ; āpattiṃ chādeti, no vatthuṃ; vatthuñceva chādeti āpattiñca. Tisso paṭicchādiyo – jantāgharapaṭicchādi, udakapaṭicchādi, vatthapaṭicchādi. Tīṇi paṭicchannāni vahanti, no vivaṭāni – mātugāmo paṭicchanno vahati, no vivaṭo; brāhmaṇānaṃ mantā paṭicchannā vahanti, no vivaṭā; micchādiṭṭhi paṭicchannā vahati, no vivaṭā. Tīṇi vivaṭāni virocanti, no paṭicchannāni – candamaṇḍalaṃ vivaṭaṃ virocati, no paṭicchannaṃ; sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ vivaṭaṃ virocati, no paṭicchannaṃ; tathāgatappavedito dhammavinayo vivaṭo virocati, no paṭicchanno. Tayo senāsanaggāhā – purimako , pacchimako, antarāmuttako. Atthāpatti gilāno āpajjati, no agilāno; atthāpatti agilāno āpajjati, no gilāno; atthāpatti gilāno ceva āpajjati agilāno ca.
三种不如法的停止诵巴帝摩卡的情况。三种如法的停止诵巴帝摩卡的情况。三种别住:覆藏罪的别住、未覆藏罪的别住、净化别住。三种摩那埵:覆藏罪的摩那埵、未覆藏罪的摩那埵、半月摩那埵。三种行别住比丘的隔夜中断情况:共住、别离、未告知。有些罪,在内犯,不在外犯;有些罪,在外犯,不在内犯;有些罪,在内也犯,在外也犯。有些罪,在界内犯,不在界外;有些罪,在界外犯,不在界内;有些罪,在界内也犯,在界外也犯。以三种方式犯罪:以身犯、以语犯、以身语犯。另外以三种方式犯罪:在僧团中、在别众中、在个人面前。以三种方式出罪:以身出、以语出、以身语出。另外以三种方式出罪:在僧团中、在别众中、在个人面前。三种不如法的授予不痴毗尼的情况。三种如法的授予不痴毗尼的情况。显示巴利原文
Tīṇi adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Tīṇi dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Tayo parivāsā – paṭicchannaparivāso, appaṭicchannaparivāso, suddhantaparivāso. Tayo mānattā – paṭicchannamānattaṃ, appaṭicchannamānattaṃ, pakkhamānattaṃ. Tayo pārivāsikassa bhikkhuno ratticchedā – sahavāso, vippavāso, anārocanā. Atthāpatti anto āpajjati, no bahi; atthāpatti bahi āpajjati, no anto; atthāpatti anto ceva āpajjati bahi ca. Atthāpatti antosīmāya āpajjati, no bahisīmāya; atthāpatti bahisīmāya āpajjati, no antosīmāya; atthāpatti antosīmāya ceva āpajjati bahisīmāya ca. Tīhākārehi āpattiṃ āpajjati – kāyena āpajjati, vācāya āpajjati, kāyena vācāya āpajjati. Aparehipi tīhākārehi āpattiṃ āpajjati – saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike. Tīhākārehi āpattiyā vuṭṭhāti – kāyena vuṭṭhāti, vācāya vuṭṭhāti, kāyena vācāya vuṭṭhāti. Aparehipi tīhākārehi āpattiyā vuṭṭhāti – saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike. Tīṇi adhammikāni amūḷhavinayassa dānāni. Tīṇi dhammikāni amūḷhavinayassa dānāni.
如果一位比丘具备三种特征,僧团若有意,可对他执行呵责羯磨:他是争吵的制造者、纠纷的制造者、争论的制造者、是非的制造者,在僧团中引发诤事;他是愚者,不通达事理;他多犯戒、无改过补救,与在家人混杂共住,以不随顺法的方式与在家人交往。如果一位比丘具备三种特征,僧团若有意,可对他执行依止羯磨:他是争吵的制造者……在僧团中引发诤事;他是愚者,不通达事理;他多犯戒、无改过补救,与在家人混杂共住,以不随顺法的方式与在家人交往。如果一位比丘具备三种特征,僧团若有意,可对他执行驱出羯磨:他是争吵的制造者……在僧团中引发诤事;他是愚者,不通达事理;他多犯戒、无改过补救,他是破坏信众家庭者、恶行之人,他的恶行既被看到也被听到。如果一位比丘具备三种特征,僧团若有意,可对他执行令作忏悔羯磨:他是争吵的制造者……在僧团中引发诤事;他是愚者,不通达事理;他多犯戒、无改过补救,辱骂诽谤在家人。如果一位比丘具备三种特征,僧团若有意,可对他执行举罪羯磨:他是争吵的制造者……在僧团中引发诤事;他是愚者,不通达事理;他多犯戒、无改过补救,不见罪、不忏罪、不舍恶见。显示巴利原文
Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho tajjanīyakammaṃ kareyya – bhaṇḍanakārako hoti kalahakārako vivādakārako bhassakārako saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako, bālo hoti abyatto, āpattibahulo anapadāno gihisaṃsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṃsaggehi. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho niyassakammaṃ kareyya – bhaṇḍanakārako hoti…pe… saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako, bālo hoti abyatto, āpattibahulo anapadāno gihisaṃsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṃsaggehi. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho pabbājanīyakammaṃ kareyya – bhaṇḍanakārako hoti…pe… saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako, bālo hoti abyatto, āpattibahulo anapadāno kuladūkako hoti pāpasamācāro pāpasamācārā dissanti ceva suyyanti ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho paṭisāraṇīyakammaṃ kareyya – bhaṇḍanakārako hoti…pe… saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako, bālo hoti abyatto, āpatti bahulo anapadāno gihī akkosati paribhāsati. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho āpattiyā adassane ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya – bhaṇḍanakārako hoti…pe… saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako, bālo hoti abyatto, āpattibahulo anapadāno āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ passituṃ. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho āpattiyā appaṭikamme ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya – bhaṇḍanakārako hoti…pe… saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako, bālo hoti abyatto, āpattibahulo anapadāno āpattiṃ āpajjitvā na icchati āpattiṃ paṭikātuṃ. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā appaṭinissagge ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kareyya – bhaṇḍanakārako hoti…pe… saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako, bālo hoti abyatto, āpattibahulo anapadāno na icchati pāpikaṃ diṭṭhiṃ paṭinissajjituṃ.
如果一位比丘具备三种特征,僧团若有意,可对他作严厉处置:他是争吵的制造者、纠纷的制造者、争论的制造者、是非的制造者,在僧团中引发诤事;他是愚者,不通达事理;他多犯戒、无改过补救;他与在家人混杂共住,以不随顺法的方式与在家人交往。对于具备三种特征的比丘,应当执行羯磨:他是无惭者,是愚者,是未复权者。另外,对于具备三种特征的比丘,应当执行羯磨:在增上戒方面戒行有缺失,在正行方面威仪有缺失,在极端见解方面见地有缺失。另外,对于具备三种特征的比丘,应当执行羯磨:他身行嬉戏放逸,他语行嬉戏放逸,他身语行嬉戏放逸。另外,对于具备三种特征的比丘,应当执行羯磨:他身行非仪,他语行非仪,他身语行非仪。另外,对于具备三种特征的比丘,应当执行羯磨:他身行伤人损人,他语行伤人损人,他身语行伤人损人。另外,对于具备三种特征的比丘,应当执行羯磨:他身行邪命,他语行邪命,他身语行邪命。显示巴利原文
Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho āgāḷhāya ceteyya – bhaṇḍanakārako hoti kalahakārako vivādakārako bhassakārako saṅghe adhikaraṇakārako, bālo hoti abyatto āpattibahulo anapadāno, gihisaṃsaṭṭho viharati ananulomikehi gihisaṃsaggehi. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Aparehipi tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ – adhisīle sīlavipanno hoti, ajjhācāre ācāravipanno hoti, atidiṭṭhiyā diṭṭhivipanno hoti. Aparehipi tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ – kāyikena davena samannāgato hoti, vācasikena davena samannāgato hoti, kāyikavācasikena davena samannāgato hoti. Aparehipi tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ – kāyikena anācārena samannāgato hoti, vācasikena anācārena samannāgato hoti, kāyikavācasikena anācārena samannāgato hoti. Aparehipi tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ – kāyikena upaghātikena samannāgato hoti, vācasikena upaghātikena samannāgato hoti, kāyikavācasikena upaghātikena samannāgato hoti. Aparehipi tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ – kāyikena micchājīvena samannāgato hoti, vācasikena micchājīvena samannāgato hoti, kāyikavācasikena micchājīvena samannāgato hoti. Aparehipi tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ – āpattiṃ āpanno kammakato upasampādeti, nissayaṃ deti, sāmaṇeraṃ upaṭṭhāpeti. Aparehipi tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ – yāya āpattiyā saṅghena kammaṃ kataṃ hoti taṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, aññaṃ vā tādisikaṃ, tato vā pāpiṭṭhataraṃ. Aparehipi tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno kammaṃ kātabbaṃ – buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati.
对于在僧团中试图中止诵巴帝摩卡的、具备三种特征的比丘,应如此制止:“够了,比丘!不要争吵,不要纠纷,不要冲突,不要争论!”然后僧团应继续诵巴帝摩卡。这三种特征是:他是无惭者,是愚者,是未复权者。对于在僧团中试图中止自恣的、具备三种特征的比丘,应如此制止:“够了,比丘!不要争吵,不要纠纷,不要冲突,不要争论!”然后僧团应进行自恣。这三种特征是:他是无惭者,是愚者,是未复权者。对于具备三种特征的比丘,不应给予任何僧团的委任:他是无惭者,是愚者,是未复权者。具备三种特征的比丘,不应在僧团中承事发言:他是无惭者,是愚者,是未复权者。具备三种特征的比丘,不应被安置在任何单独的职位上:他是无惭者,是愚者,是未复权者。对于具备三种特征的比丘,不应依止他而住:他是无惭者,是愚者,是未复权者。对于具备三种特征的比丘,不应给予依止:他是无惭者,是愚者,是未复权者。对于试图做征求同意羯磨的、具备三种特征的比丘,显示巴利原文
Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno saṅghamajjhe uposathaṃ ṭhapentassa – ‘‘alaṃ, bhikkhu, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ mā kalahaṃ mā viggahaṃ mā vivāda’’nti omadditvā saṅghena uposatho kātabbo – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno saṅghamajjhe pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapentassa – ‘‘alaṃ, bhikkhu, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ mā kalahaṃ mā viggahaṃ mā vivāda’’nti omadditvā saṅghena pavāretabbaṃ – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno na kāci saṅghasammuti dātabbā – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saṅghe na voharitabbaṃ – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu na kismiṃ ci paccekaṭṭhāne ṭhapetabbo – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno nissāya na vatthabbaṃ – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno nissayo na dātabbo – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno okāsakammaṃ kārāpentassa nālaṃ okāsakammaṃ kātuṃ – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno savacanīyaṃ nādātabbaṃ – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno vinayo na pucchitabbo – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā vinayo na pucchitabbo – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno vinayo na vissajjetabbo – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā vinayo na vissajjetabbo – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno anuyogo na dātabbo – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ vinayo na sākacchitabbo – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca. Tīhaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā na upasampādetabbaṃ na nissayo dātabbo na sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo – alajjī ca hoti, bālo ca, apakatatto ca.
有三种布萨日:十四日布萨、十五日布萨和和合布萨。还有另外三种布萨:在僧团中做的布萨、在小组中做的布萨、在个人处做的布萨。另外再有三种布萨:诵戒布萨、清净布萨和决意布萨。有三种自恣:十四日自恣、十五日自恣和和合自恣。另外有三种自恣:在僧团中做的自恣、在小组中做的自恣、在个人处做的自恣。另外还有三种自恣:三说自恣、二说自恣和同腊自恣。显示巴利原文
Tayo uposathā – cātuddasiko, pannarasiko, sāmaggiuposatho. Aparepi tayo uposathā – saṅgheuposatho, gaṇeuposatho, puggaleuposatho. Aparepi tayo uposathā – suttuddesouposatho, pārisuddhiuposatho, adhiṭṭhānuposatho. Tisso pavāraṇā – cātuddasikā, pannarasikā, sāmaggipavāraṇā. Aparāpi tisso pavāraṇā – saṅghepavāraṇā, gaṇepavāraṇā, puggalepavāraṇā. Aparāpi tisso pavāraṇā – tevācikāpavāraṇā , dvevācikāpavāraṇā, samānavassikāpavāraṇā.
有三种人堕恶道、入地狱,若不舍此:非梵行者却自称梵行者的人;以无根据的非梵行事诽谤清净的梵行者、正在修持完全清净梵行的人;持有这样的说法和见解——“在感官欲乐中没有过失”——并沉溺于感官欲乐的人。有三种不善根:贪是不善根,瞋是不善根,痴是不善根。有三种善根:无贪是善根,无瞋是善根,无痴是善根。有三种恶行:身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。有三种善行:身善行、语善行、意善行。世尊基于三种目的,为在家众制定了三次用餐学处:为了折伏那些品行恶劣的人,为了让那些性情温良的比丘能够安乐地居住,以及出于怜悯在家众——“免得那些欲望不正的人依仗在家众的派系而分裂僧团”。提婆达多被三种非法所征服、他的心被这三者所占据,他堕恶道、入地狱、住满一劫、不可救治,这三者是:欲望不正、交恶友,以及在获得些微殊胜成就时便中途退堕。有三种授权:杖罚授权、学处授权、杖罚与学处合一的授权。显示巴利原文
Tayo āpāyikā nerayikā – idamappahāya, yo ca abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño, yo ca suddhaṃ brahmacāriṃ parisuddhabrahmacariyaṃ carantaṃ amūlakena abrahmacariyena anuddhaṃseti, yo cāyaṃ evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘‘natthi kāmesu doso’’ti so kāmesu pātabyataṃ āpajjati. Tīṇi akusalamūlāni – lobho akusalamūlaṃ, doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ. Tīṇi kusalamūlāni – alobho kusalamūlaṃ, adoso kusalamūlaṃ, amoho kusalamūlaṃ. Tīṇi duccaritāni – kāyaduccaritaṃ, vacīduccaritaṃ, manoduccaritaṃ. Tīṇi sucaritāni – kāyasucaritaṃ, vacīsucaritaṃ, manosucaritaṃ. Tayo atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññattaṃ – dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāya, pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, ‘‘mā pāpicchā pakkhaṃ nissāya saṅghaṃ bhindeyyu’’nti kulānuddayatāya ca. Tīhi asaddhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho pāpicchatā pāpamittatā oramattakena visesādhigamena antarā vosānaṃ āpādi. Tisso sammutiyo – daṇḍasammuti, sikkāsammuti, daṇḍasikkāsammuti. Tisso pādukā dhuvaṭṭhānikā asaṅkamanīyā – vaccapādukā, passāvapādukā, ācamanapādukā. Tisso pādaghaṃsaniyo – sakkharaṃ, kathalā, samuddapheṇakoti.
时与夜持续,十与五以善;
感受、举罪、事由、筹、两种拒绝接受的方式。
另外两种制定,愚者、在黑分中允许的;
冬季时,僧团对僧团,覆藏以及防护遮盖。
被覆藏的与敞开的,住所与病患之事;
巴帝摩卡、别住、摩那埵、那些正在行别住的比丘。
在界内,又是在界内, 一人接一人地犯下罪过;
又有其他一些比丘出罪, 以及两种「不痴毗尼」。
呵责羯磨、依止羯磨, 以及驱出羯磨、下意羯磨;
因不见罪而作的羯磨、 因不忏悔罪而作的羯磨, 以及因不舍邪见而作的羯磨。
严苛的羯磨、增上戒的羯磨, 以及因戏笑、行为不端、杀生;
邪命而犯的、类似的罪, 还有因毁谤而作的布萨。
邀请、任命, 以及裁决与个别;
不应居住,不应给予,也同样不应作许可。
不该做那些应被劝告的事,也不能问那两类问题;
同样,两类问题也不该回答,更不该给人质问的机会。
相互讨论、授具足戒、依止与沙玛内拉;
三种布萨、三种自恣。
堕恶趣的、不善的、善的与两种行为;
三种食事与正法,许可与鞋履;
显示巴利原文 Tiṭṭhante kāle rattiñca, dasa pañca kusalena; Vedanā codanā vatthu, salākā dve paṭikkhipā. Paññatti apare dve ca, bālo kāḷe ca kappati; Hemante saṅgho saṅghassa, chādanā ca paṭicchādi. Paṭicchannā vivaṭā ca, senāsanagilāyanā; Pātimokkhaṃ parivāsaṃ, mānattā pārivāsikā. Anto anto ca sīmāya, āpajjati punāpare; Vuṭṭhāti apare ceva, amūḷhavinayā duve. Tajjanīyā niyassā ca, pabbājapaṭisāraṇī; Adassanā paṭikamme, anissagge ca diṭṭhiyā. Āgāḷhakammādhisīle, davānācāra ghātikā; Ājīvāpannā tādisikā, avaṇṇuposathena ca. Pavāraṇā sammuti ca, vohārapaccekena ca; Na vatthabbaṃ na dātabbaṃ, okāsaṃ na kare tathā. Na kare savacanīyaṃ, na pucchitabbakā duve; Na vissajje duve ceva, anuyogampi no dade. Sākacchā upasampadā, nissayasāmaṇerā ca; Uposathatikā tīṇi, pavāraṇatikā tayo. Āpāyikā akusalā, kusalā caritā duve; Tikabhojanasaddhamme, sammuti pādukena ca;
以及磨脚具,这些是“三法”部分的摄颂。显示巴利原文
Pādaghaṃsanikā ceva, uddānaṃ tikake idanti.
4. 四法轮显示巴利原文
4. Catukkavāro
324 有这样一种罪:自己通过言语犯下,却通过他人的言语出罪;有这样一种罪:通过他人的言语犯下,自己通过言语出罪;有这样一种罪:自己通过言语犯下,也自己通过言语出罪;有这样一种罪:通过他人的言语犯下,也通过他人的言语出罪。有这样一种罪:通过身体犯下,通过言语出罪;有这样一种罪:通过言语犯下,通过身体出罪;有这样一种罪:通过身体犯下,也通过身体出罪;有这样一种罪:通过言语犯下,也通过言语出罪。有这样一种罪:睡着时犯下,醒来时出罪;有这样一种罪:醒着时犯下,睡着时出罪;有这样一种罪:睡着时犯下,也睡着时出罪;有这样一种罪:醒着时犯下,也醒着时出罪。有这样一种罪:无心时犯下,有心时出罪;有这样一种罪:有心时犯下,无心时出罪;有这样一种罪:无心时犯下,也无心时出罪;有这样一种罪:有心时犯下,也有心时出罪。有这样一种罪:正在犯时就在忏罪,正在忏罪时却又在犯;有这样一种罪:正在犯时就在出罪,正在出罪时却又在犯。有这样一种罪:通过羯磨犯下,不通过羯磨出罪;有这样一种罪:不通过羯磨犯下,通过羯磨出罪;有这样一种罪:通过羯磨犯下,也通过羯磨出罪;有这样一种罪:不通过羯磨犯下,也不通过羯磨出罪。显示巴利原文
Atthāpatti sakavācāya āpajjati, paravācāya vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti paravācāya āpajjati, sakavācāya vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti sakavācāya āpajjati, sakavācāya vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti paravācāya āpajjati, paravācāya vuṭṭhāti. Atthāpatti kāyena āpajjati, vācāya vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti vācāya āpajjati, kāyena vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti kāyena āpajjati, kāyena vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti vācāya āpajjati, vācāya vuṭṭhāti. Atthāpatti pasutto āpajjati, paṭibuddho vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti paṭibuddho āpajjati, pasutto vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti pasutto āpajjati, pasutto vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti paṭibuddho āpajjati, paṭibuddho vuṭṭhāti. Atthāpatti acittako āpajjati, sacittako vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti sacittako āpajjati, acittako vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti acittako āpajjati, acittako vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti sacittako āpajjati, sacittako vuṭṭhāti. Atthāpatti āpajjanto deseti; desento āpajjati; atthāpatti āpajjanto vuṭṭhāti; vuṭṭhahanto āpajjati. Atthāpatti kammena āpajjati, akammena vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti akammena āpajjati, kammena vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti kammena āpajjati, kammena vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti akammena āpajjati, akammena vuṭṭhāti.
有四种非圣者的表述方式:对于没看到的,说自己看到了;对于没听到的,说自己听到了;对于没感觉到的,说自己感觉到了;对于没认知到的,说自己认知到了。有四种圣者的表述方式:对于没看到的,就说自己没看到;对于没听到的,就说自己没听到;对于没感觉到的,就说自己没感觉到;对于没认知到的,就说自己没认知到。另外还有四种非圣者的表述方式:对于看到的,说自己没看到;对于听到的,说自己没听到;对于感觉到的,说自己没感觉到;对于认知到的,说自己没认知到。有四种圣者的表述方式:对于看到的,就说自己看到了;对于听到的,就说自己听到了;对于感觉到的,就说自己感觉到了;对于认知到的,就说自己认知到了。显示巴利原文
Cattāro anariyavohārā – adiṭṭhe diṭṭhavāditā, assute sutavāditā, amute mutavāditā, aviññāte viññātavāditā. Cattāro ariyavohārā – adiṭṭhe adiṭṭhavāditā, assute assutavāditā, amute amutavāditā, aviññāte aviññātavāditā. Aparepi cattāro anariyavohārā – diṭṭhe adiṭṭhavāditā, sute assutavāditā, mute amutavāditā, viññāte aviññātavāditā. Cattāro ariyavohārā – diṭṭhe diṭṭhavāditā, sute sutavāditā, mute mutavāditā, viññāte viññātavāditā.
有四种比丘的波罗夷罪是与比丘尼共通的;有四种比丘尼的波罗夷罪是比丘不共通的。有四种资具:有一种资具,应守护、应保管、应视为己有、可以使用;有一种资具,应守护、应保管、应视为己有,但不可使用;有一种资具,应守护、应保管,但不应视为己有,也不可使用;有一种资具,不应守护、不应保管,不应视为己有,也不可使用。有一种犯,是在当面犯下,而在背地出罪;有一种犯,是在背地犯下,而在当面出罪;有一种犯,是在当面犯下,也在当面出罪;有一种犯,是在背地犯下,也在背地出罪。有一种犯,是不知道时犯下,而知道时出罪;有一种犯,是知道时犯下,而不知道时出罪;有一种犯,是不知道时犯下,也不知道时出罪;有一种犯,是知道时犯下,也知道时出罪。显示巴利原文
Cattāro pārājikā bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīhi sādhāraṇā; cattāro pārājikā bhikkhunīnaṃ bhikkhūhi asādhāraṇā. Cattāro parikkhārā – atthi parikkhāro rakkhitabbo gopetabbo mamāyitabbo paribhuñjitabbo; atthi parikkhāro rakkhitabbo gopetabbo mamāyitabbo, na paribhuñjitabbo; atthi parikkhāro rakkhitabbo gopetabbo, na mamāyitabbo na paribhuñjitabbo; atthi parikkhāro na rakkhitabbo na gopetabbo, na mamāyitabbo na paribhuñjitabbo. Atthāpatti sammukhā āpajjati, parammukhā vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti parammukhā āpajjati , sammukhā vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti sammukhā āpajjati, sammukhā vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti parammukhā āpajjati, parammukhā vuṭṭhāti. Atthāpatti ajānanto āpajjati, jānanto vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti jānanto āpajjati, ajānanto vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti ajānanto āpajjati, ajānanto vuṭṭhāti; atthāpatti jānanto āpajjati, jānanto vuṭṭhāti.
以四种方式犯下罪:以身犯下、以语犯下、以身和语犯下、以羯磨语犯下。另以四种方式犯下罪:在僧团中、在众人中、在个人面前、因性别特征显现。以四种方式从罪中出:以身出、以语出、以身和语出、以羯磨语出。另以四种方式从罪中出:在僧团中、在众人中、在个人面前、因性别特征显现。在获得的同时舍弃前者、确立后者,那些知会随之止息,那些制定随之消失。在获得的同时舍弃后者、确立前者,那些知会随之止息,那些制定随之消失。有四种举罪:因戒的毁坏而举罪、因行的毁坏而举罪、因见的毁坏而举罪、因活命的毁坏而举罪。有四种别住:覆藏别住、不覆藏别住、净化别住、合并别住。有四种摩那埵:覆藏摩那埵、不覆藏摩那埵、半月摩那埵、合并摩那埵。有四种导致行摩那埵比丘夜断的情况:共住、别住、不告知、在人数不足的团体中行。有四种赞叹。有四种已接受物的受用:时限食、夜分限、七日限、终生限。有四种大不净物:粪便、尿、灰、泥。有四种羯磨:征求羯磨、白羯磨、白二羯磨、白四羯磨。显示巴利原文
Catūhākārehi āpattiṃ āpajjati – kāyena āpajjati, vācāya āpajjati, kāyena vācāya āpajjati, kammavācāya āpajjati. Aparehipi catūhākārehi āpattiṃ āpajjati – saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike, liṅgapātubhāvena. Catūhākārehi āpattiyā vuṭṭhāti – kāyena vuṭṭhāti, vācāya vuṭṭhāti, kāyena vācāya vuṭṭhāti, kammavācāya vuṭṭhāti. Aparehipi catūhākārehi āpattiyā vuṭṭhāti – saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike, liṅgapātubhāvena. Saha paṭilābhena purimaṃ jahati, pacchime patiṭṭhāti, viññattiyo paṭippassambhanti, paṇṇattiyo nirujjhanti. Saha paṭilābhena pacchimaṃ jahati, purime patiṭṭhāti, viññattiyo paṭippassambhanti, paṇṇattiyo nirujjhanti. Catasso codanā – sīlavipattiyā codeti , ācāravipattiyā codeti, diṭṭhivipattiyā codeti, ājīvavipattiyā codeti. Cattāro parivāsā – paṭicchannaparivāso , appaṭicchannaparivāso, suddhantaparivāso, samodhānaparivāso. Cattāro mānattā – paṭicchannamānattaṃ, appaṭicchannamānattaṃ, pakkhamānattaṃ, samodhānamānattaṃ. Cattāro mānattacārikassa bhikkhuno ratticchedā – sahavāso, vippavāso, anārocanā, ūne gaṇe carati. Cattāro sāmukkaṃsā . Cattāro paṭiggahitaparibhogā – yāvakālikaṃ, yāmakālikaṃ, sattāhakālikaṃ, yāvajīvikaṃ. Cattāri mahāvikaṭāni – gūtho, muttaṃ, chārikā, mattikā. Cattāri kammāni – apalokanakammaṃ, ñattikammaṃ, ñattidutiyakammaṃ, ñatticatutthakammaṃ. Aparānipi cattāri kammāni – adhammena vaggakammaṃ, adhammena samaggakammaṃ, dhammena vaggakammaṃ, dhammena samaggakammaṃ. Catasso vipattiyo – sīlavipatti, ācāravipatti, diṭṭhivipatti, ājīvavipatti. Cattāri adhikaraṇāni – vivādādhikaraṇaṃ, anuvādādhikaraṇaṃ, āpattādhikaraṇaṃ, kiccādhikaraṇaṃ. Cattāro parisadūsanā – bhikkhu dussīlo pāpadhammo parisadūsano, bhikkhunī dussīlā pāpadhammā parisadūsanā, upāsako dussīlo pāpadhammo parisadūsano, upāsikā dussīlā pāpadhammā parisadūsanā. Cattāro parisasobhanā – bhikkhu sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo parisasobhano, bhikkhunī sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā parisasobhanā, upāsako sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo parisasobhano, upāsikā sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā parisasobhanā.
有一种犯,是客来者犯,而非住者;有一种犯,是住者犯,而非客来者;有一种犯,既是客来者犯,也是住者犯;有一种犯,既不是客来者犯,也不是住者犯。有一种犯,是将行者犯,而非住者;有一种犯,是住者犯,而非将行者;有一种犯,既是将行者犯,也是住者犯;有一种犯,既不是将行者犯,也不是住者犯。有事情有别而罪无别的情况,有罪有别而事情无别的情况,有事情有别且罪也有别的情况,有既不是事情有别也不是罪有别的情况。有事情同类而罪不同类的情况,有罪同类而事情不同类的情况,有事情同类且罪也同类的情况,有既不是事情同类也不是罪同类的情况。有一种犯,是依止师犯,而非共住弟子;有一种犯,是共住弟子犯,而非依止师;有一种犯,既是依止师犯,也是共住弟子犯;有一种犯,既不是依止师犯,也不是共住弟子犯。有一种犯,是老师犯,而非学徒;有一种犯,是学徒犯,而非老师;有一种犯,既是老师犯,也是学徒犯;有一种犯,既不是老师犯,也不是学徒犯。有四种因缘导致不犯雨安居的中断:僧团分裂了,或有人想要分裂僧团,或出现了生命危险,或出现了梵行危险。有四种语恶行:妄语、离间语、粗恶语、杂秽语。有四种语善行:实语、不离间语、柔和语、有意义的言语。有拿取时犯重罪,而指使时犯轻罪的情况;有拿取时犯轻罪,而指使时犯重罪的情况;有无论拿取还是指使都犯重罪的情况;有无论拿取还是指使都犯轻罪的情况。显示巴利原文
Atthāpatti āgantuko āpajjati, no āvāsiko; atthāpatti āvāsiko āpajjati, no āgantuko; atthāpatti āgantuko ceva āpajjati āvāsiko ca atthāpatti neva āgantuko āpajjati, no āvāsiko. Atthāpatti gamiko āpajjati, no āvāsiko; atthāpatti āvāsiko āpajjati, no gamiko; atthāpatti gamiko ceva āpajjati āvāsiko ca; atthāpatti neva gamiko āpajjati no āvāsiko. Atthi vatthunānattatā no āpattinānattatā, atthi āpattinānattatā no vatthunānattatā, atthi vatthunānattatā ceva āpattinānattatā ca, atthi neva vatthunānattatā no āpattinānattatā. Atthi vatthusabhāgatā no āpattisabhāgatā, atthi āpattisabhāgatā no vatthusabhāgatā, atthi vatthusabhāgatā ceva āpattisabhāgatā ca atthi neva vatthusabhāgatā no āpattisabhāgatā. Atthāpatti upajjhāyo āpajjati no saddhivihāriko, atthāpatti saddhivihāriko āpajjati no upajjhāyo, atthāpatti upajjhāyo ceva āpajjati saddhivihāriko ca, atthāpatti neva upajjhāyo āpajjati no saddhivihāriko. Atthāpatti ācariyo āpajjati no antevāsiko, atthāpatti antevāsiko āpajjati no ācariyo, atthāpatti ācariyo ceva āpajjati antevāsiko ca, atthāpatti neva ācariyo āpajjati no antevāsiko. Cattāro paccayā anāpatti vassacchedassa – saṅgho vā bhinno hoti, saṅghaṃ vā bhinditukāmā honti, jīvitantarāyo vā hoti, brahmacariyantarāyo vā hoti. Cattāri vacīduccaritāni – musāvādo, pisuṇā vācā, pharusā vācā, samphappalāpo. Cattāri vacīsucaritāni – saccavācā, apisuṇā vācā, saṇhā vācā, mantā bhāsā. Atthi ādiyanto garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, payojento lahukaṃ; atthi ādiyanto lahukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati, payojento garukaṃ, atthi ādiyantopi payojentopi garukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati; atthi ādiyantopi payojentopi lahukaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjati.
有一种人,值得对他合掌礼敬,而不值得起立迎接;有一种人,值得起立迎接,而不值得对他合掌礼敬;有一种人,既值得对他合掌礼敬,也值得起立迎接;有一种人,既不值得对他合掌礼敬,也不值得起立迎接。有一种人,值得为他设座,而不值得对他合掌礼敬;有一种人,值得对他合掌礼敬,而不值得为他设座;有一种人,既值得为他设座,也值得对他合掌礼敬;有一种人,既不值得为他设座,也不值得对他合掌礼敬。有一种犯,是在适宜的时间犯,而非在非时;有一种犯,是在非时犯,而非在适宜的时间;有一种犯,既在适宜的时间犯,也在非时犯;有一种犯,既不在适宜的时间犯,也不在非时犯。有在适宜的时间可受用的接受物,非时则不可;有在非时可受用的接受物,适宜的时间则不可;有在适宜的时间和和非时都可受用的接受物;有在适宜的时间和和非时都不可受用的接受物。有一种犯,是在边地国家犯,而非在中部地区;有一种犯,是在中部地区犯,而非在边地国家;有一种犯,既在边地国家犯,也在中部地区犯;有一种犯,既不在边地国家犯,也不在中部地区犯。有在边地国家可通行,而在中部地区不可的;有在中部地区可通行,而在边地国家不可的;有在边地国家和中部地区都可通行的;有在边地国家和中部地区都不可通行的。有一种犯,是在内部犯,而非外部;有一种犯,是在外部犯,而非内部;有一种犯,既在内部犯,也在外部犯;有一种犯,既不在内部犯,也不在外部犯。有一种犯,是在界内犯,而非界外;有一种犯,是在界外犯,而非界内;有一种犯,既在界内犯,也在界外犯;有一种犯,既不在界内犯,也不在界外犯。有一种犯,是在村落中犯,而非在空旷处;有一种犯,是在空旷处犯,而非在村落中;有一种犯,既在村落中犯,也在空旷处犯;有一种犯,既不在村落中犯,也不在空旷处犯。显示巴利原文
Atthi puggalo abhivādanāraho, no paccuṭṭhānāraho; atthi puggalo paccuṭṭhānāraho, no abhivādanāraho; atthi puggalo abhivādanāraho ceva paccuṭṭhānāraho ca; atthi puggalo neva abhivādanāraho no paccuṭṭhānāraho. Atthi puggalo āsanāraho, no abhivādanāraho; atthi puggalo abhivādanāraho, no āsanāraho; atthi puggalo āsanāraho ceva abhivādanāraho ca; atthi puggalo neva āsanāraho no abhivādanāraho. Atthāpatti kāle āpajjati, no vikāle; atthāpatti vikāle āpajjati, no kāle; atthāpatti kāle ceva āpajjati vikāle ca; atthāpatti neva kāle āpajjati no vikāle. Atthi paṭiggahitaṃ kāle kappati, no vikāle; atthi paṭiggahitaṃ vikāle kappati, no kāle; atthi paṭiggahitaṃ kāle ceva kappati vikāle ca; atthi paṭiggahitaṃ neva kāle kappati no vikāle. Atthāpatti paccantimesu janapadesu āpajjati, no majjhimesu; atthāpatti majjhimesu janapadesu āpajjati, no paccantimesu; atthāpatti paccantimesu ceva janapadesu āpajjati majjhimesu ca; atthāpatti neva paccantimesu janapadesu āpajjati no majjhimesu. Atthi paccantimesu janapadesu kappati, no majjhimesu; atthi majjhimesu janapadesu kappati, no paccantimesu; atthi paccantimesu ceva janapadesu kappati majjhimesu ca; atthi neva paccantimesu janapadesu kappati no majjhimesu. Atthāpatti anto āpajjati, no bahi; atthāpatti bahi āpajjati, no anto; atthāpatti anto ceva āpajjati bahi ca; atthāpatti neva anto āpajjati no bahi. Atthāpatti antosīmāya āpajjati, no bahisīmāya; atthāpatti bahisīmāya āpajjati, no antosīmāya; atthāpatti antosīmāya ceva āpajjati bahisīmāya ca; atthāpatti neva antosīmāya āpajjati no bahisīmāya. Atthāpatti gāme āpajjati, no araññe; atthāpatti araññe āpajjati, no gāme; atthāpatti gāme ceva āpajjati araññe ca; atthāpatti neva gāme āpajjati no araññe.
有四种举罪:指出事情、指出犯、拒绝共住、拒绝如法行。有四种前行程序。有四种羯磨成就。有四种不共通波逸提。有四种对治比丘的认定。有四种非处之行:因贪欲而行非处、因瞋恚而行非处、因愚痴而行非处、因恐惧而行非处。有四种不行非处:不因贪欲而行非处、不因瞋恚而行非处、不因愚痴而行非处、不因恐惧而行非处。具足四种法的不知耻比丘会分裂僧团:行于贪欲、行于瞋恚、行于愚痴、行于恐惧。具足四种法的可爱比丘能使分裂的僧团和合:不行于贪欲、不行于瞋恚、不行于愚痴、不行于恐惧。不应向具足四种法的比丘请教戒律:行于贪欲、行于瞋恚、行于愚痴、行于恐惧。具足四种法的比丘不应请教戒律:行于贪欲、行于瞋恚、行于愚痴、行于恐惧。不应为具足四种法的比丘解答戒律:行于贪欲、行于瞋恚、行于愚痴、行于恐惧。具足四种法的比丘不应解答戒律:行于贪欲、行于瞋恚、行于愚痴、行于恐惧。不应给予具足四种法的比丘审查:行于贪欲、行于瞋恚、行于愚痴显示巴利原文
Catasso codanā – vatthusandassanā, āpattisandassanā, saṃvāsapaṭikkhepo , sāmīcipaṭikkhepo. Cattāro pubbakiccā. Cattāro pattakallā. Cattāri anaññapācittiyāni. Catasso bhikkhusammutiyo. Cattāri agatigamanāni – chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati. Cattāri nāgatigamanāni – na chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgato alajjī bhikkhu saṅghaṃ bhindati – chandāgatiṃ gacchanto, dosāgatiṃ gacchanto, mohāgatiṃ gacchanto, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgato pesalo bhikkhu bhinnaṃ saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ karoti – na chandāgatiṃ gacchanto, na dosāgatiṃ gacchanto, na mohāgatiṃ gacchanto, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno vinayo na pucchitabbo – chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati , bhayāgatiṃ gacchati. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā vinayo na pucchitabbo – chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno vinayo na vissajjetabbo – chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā vinayo na vissajjetabbo – chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno anuyogo na dātabbo – chandāgatiṃ gacchati , dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgate bhikkhunā saddhiṃ vinayo na sākacchitabbo – chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati. Atthāpatti gilāno āpajjati, no agilāno; atthāpatti agilāno āpajjati, no gilāno; atthāpatti gilāno ceva āpajjati agilāno ca; atthāpatti neva gilāno āpajjati no agilāno. Cattāri adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Cattāri dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni.
以己语、以身,眠者与无心者;
犯者又以羯磨,四种施设亦如是。
关于比丘、比丘尼,以及生活资具,还有现前;
关于不知情的僧团、中间,同样,有两种出罪。
通过获得而举罪,还有别住,被说示;
摩那埵行仪,以及自赞,领受。
关于大污秽羯磨,和再一次在羯磨中的失败事;
诤事与恶戒者,以及光鲜的客比丘。
旅途行者、事由的多样性,与同一亲教师;
依止师,或资具的缘故,恶行和善行。
受取者,是人,阿拉汉,依座处;
于适宜时,及允许者,于边地亦允许。
内部,内部与界内,村内与举罪;
前行任务,适时,不共通,诸指定。
非处行与不行非处,无惭者与善好者;
应问两者,如是应答两者;
查问与议论,病者与搁置故。
显示巴利原文 Sakavācāya kāyena, pasutto ca acittako; Āpajjanto ca kammena, vohārā caturo tathā. Bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnañca, parikkhāro ca sammukhā; Ajānakāye majjhe ca, vuṭṭhāti duvidhā tathā. Paṭilābhena codanā, parivāsā ca vuccati; Mānattacārikā cāpi, sāmukkaṃsā paṭiggahi. Mahāvikaṭakammāni, puna kamme vipattiyo; Adhikaraṇā dussīlā ca, sobhanāgantukena ca. Gamiko vatthunānattā, sabhāgupajjhāyena ca; Ācariyo paccayā vā, duccaritaṃ sucaritaṃ. Ādiyanto puggalo ca, araho āsanena ca; Kāle ca kappati ceva, paccantimesu kappati. Anto anto ca sīmāya, gāme ca codanāya ca; Pubbakiccaṃ pattakallaṃ, anaññā sammutiyo ca. Agati nāgati ceva, alajjī pesalena ca; Pucchitabbā duve ceva, vissajjeyyā tathā duve; Anuyogo ca sākacchā, gilāno ṭhapanena cāti.
5. 五法轮显示巴利原文
5. Pañcakavāro
325 五种罪。五种罪聚。五则制戒缘起事例。五种无间羯磨。五种决定者。五种断头罪。以五种方式犯下罪。五种罪。因妄语之缘,以五种方式不入羯磨——或自作羯磨不作,或不劝请他者,或不给予意欲或清净,或于羯磨进行时反对,或于羯磨已作后持非法见。以五种方式入羯磨——或自作羯磨,或劝请他者,或给予意欲或清净,或于羯磨进行时不反对,或于羯磨已作后持如法见。对常行乞食之比丘,有五种允许——不告而往、团体用餐、次第轮食、无决定分、不分配认。成就五种支分的比丘,即是受疑忌猜疑者——或是恶比丘亦具不动法者,或行于娼女之区者,或行于寡妇之区者,或行于年长未婚女之区者,或行于黄门之区者,或行于比丘尼之区者。五种油——芝麻油、芥子油、蜜树油、蓖麻油、兽脂油。五种兽脂——熊脂、鱼脂、江豚脂、猪脂、驴脂。五种灾祸——亲属灾、财物灾、疾病灾、戒行灾、邪见灾。五种成就——亲属成就、财物成就、无病成就、戒行成就、正见成就。从亲教师脱离依止的五种情况——亲教师离去,或还俗,或命终,或投靠他部,或以指令即第五种。五种人不应授与具足戒——距离不足者、肢体残缺者、事行败坏者、因故行恶作者、不圆满者。五种粪扫衣——冢间衣、店前衣、鼠啮痕衣、白蚁啮痕衣、火烧衣。另有五种粪扫衣——牛啮痕衣、羊啮痕衣、塔衣、灌顶衣、来往归还衣。五种不与取——窃盗取、强夺取、计谋取、隐匿取、伪筹取。五种大贼存于世间而为现行。五种不可弃舍物。五种不可分物。五种罪由身生起,非由语非由意。五种罪由身及语生起,由意。五种罪导向说罪。五种僧团。五种诵巴帝摩卡。于一切边地国土,应以具持律者为第五之比丘众授与具足戒。于敷展迦絺那衣时有五种利益。五种羯磨。三次羯磨中成五种罪。以五种方式,对取不与物者,成波罗夷罪。以五种方式,对取不与物者,成粗罪罪。以五种方式,对取不与物者,成恶作罪。五种不净物,不应受用——即是不与者,不知者,不适者,未授受者,未作残食者。五种净物,应受用——即是已与者,已知者,适者,已授受者,已作残食者。五种布施,世间共许为福德而实非福德——酒布施、集会戏乐布施、女人布施、公牛布施、彩画业布施。五种已生起而难驱除者——已生起之贪难驱除,已生起之嗔难驱除,已生起之痴难驱除,已生起之辩才难驱除,已生起之欲行心难驱除。扫地有五种利益——令自心清净,令他心清净,诸天欢喜,积集能生悦爱之业,身坏命终后往生善趣、天界。又有扫地之五种利益——令自心清净,令他心清净,诸天欢喜,践行了导师的教法,后辈之人得以随见仿效。显示巴利原文
Pañca āpattiyo. Pañca āpattikkhandhā. Pañca vinītavatthūni. Pañca kammāni ānantarikāni. Pañca puggalā niyatā. Pañca chedanakā āpattiyo. Pañcahākārehi āpattiṃ āpajjati. Pañca āpattiyo. Musāvādapaccayā pañcahākārehi kammaṃ na upeti – sayaṃ vā kammaṃ na karoti, paraṃ vā na ajjhesati, chandaṃ vā pārisuddhiṃ vā na deti, kayiramāne kamme paṭikkosati, kate vā pana kamme adhammadiṭṭhi hoti. Pañcahākārehi kammaṃ upeti – sayaṃ vā kammaṃ karoti, paraṃ vā ajjhesati, chandaṃ vā pārisuddhiṃ vā deti, kayiramāne kamme nappaṭikkosati, kate vā pana kamme dhammadiṭṭhi hoti. Pañca piṇḍapātikassa bhikkhuno kappanti – anāmantacāro, gaṇabhojanaṃ, paramparabhojanaṃ, anadhiṭṭhānaṃ, avikappanā. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ussaṅkitaparisaṅkito hoti – pāpabhikkhupi akuppadhammopi vesiyāgocaro vā hoti, vidhavāgocaro vā hoti, thullakumārigocaro vā hoti, paṇḍakagocaro vā hoti, bhikkhunigocaro vā hoti. Pañca telāni – tilatelaṃ, sāsapatelaṃ, madhukatelaṃ, eraṇḍakatelaṃ, vasātelaṃ. Pañca vasāni – acchavasaṃ, macchavasaṃ, susukāvasaṃ, sūkaravasaṃ, gadrabhavasaṃ. Pañca byasanāni – ñātibyasanaṃ, bhogabyasanaṃ, rogabyasanaṃ, sīlabyasanaṃ, diṭṭhibyasanaṃ. Pañca sampadā – ñātisampadā, bhogasampadā, arogasampadā, sīlasampadā, diṭṭhisampadā. Pañca nissayapaṭippassaddhiyo upajjhāyamhā – upajjhāyo pakkanto vā hoti, vibbhanto vā, kālaṅkato vā, pakkhasaṅkanto vā, āṇattiyeva pañcamī. Pañca puggalā na upasampādetabbā – addhānahīno, aṅgahīno, vatthuvipanno, karaṇadukkaṭako, aparipūro. Pañca paṃsukūlāni – sosānikaṃ, pāpaṇikaṃ, undūrakkhāyikaṃ, upacikakkhāyikaṃ, aggidaḍḍhaṃ. Aparānipi pañca paṃsukūlāni – gokhāyikaṃ, ajakkhāyikaṃ, thūpacīvaraṃ, ābhisekikaṃ, gatapaṭiyāgataṃ . Pañca avahārā – theyyāvahāro, pasayhāvahāro, parikappāvahāro , paṭicchannāvahāro, kusāvahāro. Pañca mahācorā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Pañca avissajjaniyāni. Pañca avebhaṅgiyāni. Pañcāpattiyo kāyato samuṭṭhanti, na vācato na cittato. Pañcāpattiyo kāyato ca vācato ca samuṭṭhanti, cittato. Pañcāpattiyo desanāgāminiyo. Pañca saṅghā . Pañca pātimokkhuddesā. Sabbapaccantimesu janapadesu vinayadharapañcamena gaṇena upasampādetabbaṃ. Pañcānisaṃsā kathinatthāre. Pañca kammāni. Yāvatatiyake pañca āpattiyo. Pañcahākārehi adinnaṃ ādiyantassa āpatti pārājikassa. Pañcahākārehi adinnaṃ ādiyantassa āpatti thullaccayassa. Pañcahākārehi adinnaṃ ādiyantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa. Pañca akappiyāni na paribhuñjitabbāni – adinnañca hoti, aviditañca hoti, akappiyañca hoti, appaṭiggahitañca hoti, akatātirittañca hoti. Pañca kappiyāni paribhuñjitabbāni – dinnañca hoti, viditañca hoti, kappiyañca hoti, paṭiggahitañca hoti, katātirittañca hoti. Pañca dānāni apuññāni puññasammatāni lokasmiṃ – majjadānaṃ, samajjadānaṃ, itthidānaṃ, usabhadānaṃ, cittakammadānaṃ. Pañca uppannā duppaṭivinodayā – uppanno rāgo duppaṭivinodayo, uppanno doso duppaṭivinodayo, uppanno moho duppaṭivinodayo, uppannaṃ paṭibhānaṃ duppaṭivinodayaṃ, uppannaṃ gamiyacittaṃ duppaṭivinodayaṃ . Pañcānisaṃsā sammajjaniyā – sakacittaṃ pasīdati, paracittaṃ pasīdati, devatā attamanā honti, pāsādikasaṃvattanikakammaṃ upacinati, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Aparepi pañcānisaṃsā sammajjaniyā – sakacittaṃ pasīdati, paracittaṃ pasīdati, devatā attamanā honti, satthusāsanaṃ kataṃ hoti, pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati.
具备五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'愚者'——他不学习自己陈述的界限,不学习他人陈述的界限,由于不学习自己和他人的陈述界限,便依非法、不经认罪而处理事情。具备五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'智者'——他学习自己陈述的界限,学习他人陈述的界限,学习了自己和他人陈述的界限后,便依法、经由认罪而处理事情。还有,具备另外五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'愚者'——他不知道罪,不知道罪的根源,不知道罪的集起,不知道罪的灭尽,不知道导向罪灭尽之道。具备五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'智者'——他知道罪,知道罪的根源,知道罪的集起,知道罪的灭尽,知道导向罪灭尽之道。还有,具备另外五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'愚者'——他不知道诤事,不知道诤事的根源,不知道诤事的集起,不知道诤事的灭尽,不知道导向诤事灭尽之道。具备五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'智者'——他知道诤事,知道诤事的根源,知道诤事的集起,知道诤事的灭尽,知道导向诤事灭尽之道。还有,具备另外五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'愚者'——他不知道事由,不知道缘起,不知道根本学处,不知道补充学处,不知道连贯的文句脉络。具备五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'智者'——他知道事由,知道缘起,知道根本学处,知道补充学处,知道连贯的文句脉络。还有,具备另外五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'愚者'——他不知道动议,不知道动议的执行,不善巧于前方便,不善巧于后方便,也不知适时。具备五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'智者'——他知道动议,知道动议的执行,善巧于前方便,善巧于后方便,也知适时。还有,具备另外五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'愚者'——他不知道罪与非罪,不知道轻罪与重罪,不知道有余罪与无余罪,不知道粗重罪与非粗重罪,而且他的师承没有被善加掌握、没有被善加作意、没有被善加受持。具备五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'智者'——他知道罪与非罪,知道轻罪与重罪,知道有余罪与无余罪,知道粗重罪与非粗重罪,而且他的师承被善加掌握、被善加作意、被善加受持。还有,具备另外五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'愚者'——他不知道罪与非罪,不知道轻罪与重罪,不知道有余罪与无余罪,不知道粗重罪与非粗重罪,而且两部巴帝摩卡他没有依文依句地善加掌握、善加分别、善加通晓、善加判定。具备五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'智者'——他知道罪与非罪,知道轻罪与重罪,知道有余罪与无余罪,知道粗重罪与非粗重罪,而且两部巴帝摩卡他依文依句地善加掌握、善加分别、善加通晓、善加判定。还有,具备另外五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'愚者'——他不知道罪与非罪,不知道轻罪与重罪,不知道有余罪与无余罪,不知道粗重罪与非粗重罪,而且在诤事上不善巧于判定。具备五种特质的持律者,应当被叫做'智者'——他知道罪与非罪,知道轻罪与重罪,知道有余罪与无余罪,知道粗重罪与非粗重罪,而且在诤事上善巧于判定。显示巴利原文
Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo ‘‘bālo’’ tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – attano bhāsapariyantaṃ na uggaṇhāti, parassa bhāsapariyantaṃ na uggaṇhāti, attano bhāsapariyantaṃ na uggahetvā parassa bhāsapariyantaṃ na uggahetvā adhammena kāreti appaṭiññāya. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo ‘‘paṇḍito’’ tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – attano bhāsapariyantaṃ uggaṇhāti, parassa bhāsapariyantaṃ uggaṇhāti, attano bhāsapariyantaṃ uggahetvā parassa bhāsapariyantaṃ uggahetvā dhammena kāreti paṭiññāya. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – āpattiṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā mūlaṃ na jānāti, āpattisamudayaṃ na jānāti, āpattinirodhaṃ na jānāti, āpattinirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ na jānāti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍito tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – āpattiṃ jānāti, āpattiyā mūlaṃ jānāti, āpattisamudayaṃ jānāti, āpattinirodhaṃ jānāti , āpattinirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ jānāti. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – adhikaraṇaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa mūlaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇasamudayaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇanirodhaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ na jānāti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍito tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – adhikaraṇaṃ jānāti , adhikaraṇassa mūlaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇasamudayaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇanirodhaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ jānāti. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – vatthuṃ na jānāti, nidānaṃ na jānāti, paññattiṃ na jānāti, anupaññattiṃ na jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ na jānāti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍito tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – vatthuṃ jānāti, nidānaṃ jānāti, paññattiṃ jānāti, anupaññattiṃ jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ jānāti. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – ñattiṃ na jānāti, ñattiyā karaṇaṃ na jānāti, na pubbakusalo hoti, na aparakusalo hoti, akālaññū ca hoti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍito tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – ñattiṃ jānāti, ñattiyā karaṇaṃ jānāti, pubbakusalo hoti, aparakusalo hoti, kālaññū ca hoti. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, ācariyaparamparā kho panassa na suggahitā hoti na sumanasikatā na sūpadhāritā. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍitotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānati, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, ācariyaparamparā kho panassa suggahitā hoti sumanasikatā sūpadhāritā. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni na vitthārena svāgatāni honti na suvibhattāni na suppavattīni na suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍito tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇe ca na vinicchayakusalo hoti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍito tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇe ca vinicchayakusalo hoti.
有五种林居者——因愚钝、因痴迷而成为林居者;因恶欲、被欲贪所驱使而成为林居者;因疯狂、心散乱而成为林居者;因为'这是被诸佛与佛弟子所赞叹的'而成为林居者;还有,确实只是因为依于少欲、依于知足、依于减损烦恼、依于远离、依于这正当的利益而成为林居者。有五种常乞食者……有五种粪扫衣者……有五种树下住者……有五种冢间住者……有五种露地住者……有五种三衣者……有五种次第乞食者……有五种常坐不卧者……有五种随坐而住者……有五种一座食者……有五种过午不食者……有五种钵食者——因愚钝、因痴迷而成为钵食者;因恶欲、被欲贪所驱使而成为钵食者;因疯狂、心散乱而成为钵食者;因为'这是被诸佛与佛弟子所赞叹的'而成为钵食者;还有,确实只是因为依于少欲、依于知足、依于减损烦恼、依于远离、依于这正当的利益而成为钵食者。显示巴利原文
Pañca āraññikā – mandattā momūhattā āraññiko hoti, pāpiccho icchāpakato āraññiko hoti, ummādā cittakkhepā āraññiko hoti, vaṇṇitaṃ buddhehi buddhasāvakehīti āraññiko hoti, api ca appicchaññeva nissāya santuṭṭhiññeva nissāya sallekhaññeva nissāya pavivekaññeva nissāya idamatthitaññeva nissāya āraññiko hoti. Pañca piṇḍapātikā…pe… pañca paṃsukūlikā…pe… pañca rukkhamūlikā…pe… pañca sosānikā…pe… pañca abbhokāsikā…pe… pañca tecīvarikā…pe… pañca sapadānacārikā…pe… pañca nesajjikā…pe… pañca yathāsanthatikā…pe… pañca ekāsanikā…pe… pañca khalupacchābhattikā…pe… pañca pattapiṇḍikā – mandattā momūhattā pattapiṇḍiko hoti, pāpiccho icchāpakato pattapiṇḍiko hoti, ummādā cittakkhepā pattapiṇḍiko hoti, vaṇṇitaṃ buddhehi buddhasāvakehīti pattapiṇḍiko hoti, api ca appicchaññeva nissāya santuṭṭhiññeva nissāya sallekhaññeva nissāya pavivekaññeva nissāya idamatthitaññeva nissāya pattapiṇḍiko hoti.
具备五种特质的比丘,不可不依止而住——他不知道布萨,不知道布萨羯磨,不知道巴帝摩卡,不知道巴帝摩卡诵出,且戒腊不足五年。具备五种特质的比丘,可以不依止而住——他知道布萨,知道布萨羯磨,知道巴帝摩卡,知道巴帝摩卡诵出,且戒腊满五年或超过五年。还有,具备另外五种特质的比丘,不可不依止而住——他不知道自恣,不知道自恣羯磨,不知道巴帝摩卡,不知道巴帝摩卡诵出,且戒腊不足五年。具备五种特质的比丘,可以不依止而住——他知道自恣,知道自恣羯磨,知道巴帝摩卡,知道巴帝摩卡诵出,且戒腊满五年或超过五年。还有,具备另外五种特质的比丘,不可不依止而住——他不知道罪与非罪,不知道轻罪与重罪,不知道有余罪与无余罪,不知道粗重罪与非粗重罪,且戒腊不足五年。具备五种特质的比丘,可以不依止而住——他知道罪与非罪,知道轻罪与重罪,知道有余罪与无余罪,知道粗重罪与非粗重罪,且戒腊满五年或超过五年。具备五种特质的比丘尼,不可不依止而住——她不知道布萨,不知道布萨羯磨,不知道巴帝摩卡,不知道巴帝摩卡诵出,且戒腊不足五年。具备五种特质的比丘尼,可以不依止而住——她知道布萨,知道布萨羯磨,知道巴帝摩卡,知道巴帝摩卡诵出,且戒腊满五年或超过五年。还有,具备另外五种特质的比丘尼,不可不依止而住——她不知道自恣,不知道自恣羯磨,不知道巴帝摩卡,不知道巴帝摩卡诵出,且戒腊不足五年。具备五种特质的比丘尼,可以不依止而住——她知道自恣,知道自恣羯磨,知道巴帝摩卡,知道巴帝摩卡诵出,且戒腊满五年或超过五年。还有,具备另外五种特质的比丘尼,不可不依止而住——她不知道罪与非罪,不知道轻罪与重罪,不知道有余罪与无余罪,不知道粗重罪与非粗重罪,且戒腊不足五年。具备五种特质的比丘尼,可以不依止而住——她知道罪与非罪,知道轻罪与重罪,知道有余罪与无余罪,知道粗重罪与非粗重罪,且戒腊满五年或超过五年。显示巴利原文
Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānissitena vatthabbaṃ – uposathaṃ na jānāti, uposathakammaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ na jānāti, ūnapañcavasso hoti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anissitena vatthabbaṃ – uposathaṃ jānāti, uposathakammaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ jānāti, pañcavasso vā hoti atirekapañcavasso vā. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānissitena vatthabbaṃ – pavāraṇaṃ na jānāti, pavāraṇākammaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ na jānāti, ūnapañcavasso hoti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anissitena vatthabbaṃ – pavāraṇaṃ jānāti, pavāraṇākammaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ jānāti, pañcavasso vā hoti atirekapañcavasso vā. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nānissitena vatthabbaṃ – āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, ūnapañcavasso hoti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā anissitena vatthabbaṃ – āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, pañcavasso vā hoti atirekapañcavasso vā. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā nānissitāya vatthabbaṃ – uposathaṃ na jānāti, uposathakammaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ na jānāti, ūnapañcavassā hoti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā anissitāya vatthabbaṃ – uposathaṃ jānāti, uposathakammaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ jānāti, pañcavassā vā hoti atirekapañcavassā vā. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā nānissitāya vatthabbaṃ – pavāraṇaṃ na jānāti, pavāraṇākammaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ na jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ na jānāti, ūnapañcavassā hoti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā anissitāya vatthabbaṃ – pavāraṇaṃ jānāti, pavāraṇākammaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhaṃ jānāti, pātimokkhuddesaṃ jānāti, pañcavassā vā hoti atirekapañcavassā vā. Aparehipi pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā nānissitāya vatthabbaṃ – āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, ūnapañcavassā hoti. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgatāya bhikkhuniyā anissitāya vatthabbaṃ – āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, pañcavassā vā hoti atirekapañcavassā vā.
对于不令人净信者,有五种过患——自己责备自己;智者审察后予以呵责;恶名声远扬;死时迷乱;身坏命终后,堕入苦处、恶趣、堕落处、地狱。对于令人净信者,有五种利益——自己不责备自己;智者审察后予以称赞;好名声远扬;死时不迷乱;身坏命终后,往生善趣、天界。对于不令人净信者,还有另外五种过患——未生信者不生信;部分已生信者会退失信心;大师的教法未被奉行;后来的人们不追随其见;他的心不得清净。对于令人净信者,有五种利益——未生信者生起信心;已生信者信心增长;大师的教法得以奉行;后来的人们追随其见;他的心获得清净。对于常亲近俗家者,有五种过患——犯未经告知而入宅之罪;犯于屏处共坐之罪;犯于覆障处坐之罪;对女人以超过五六语说法,犯其罪;并且多住于欲贪寻思。常亲近俗家的比丘,有另外五种过患——过度混杂于俗家而住,导致常常见到女人;因常见而有交往;因交往而有亲昵;因亲昵而有陷溺;对于心已陷溺的比丘,可以预期:他或将不喜乐修持梵行,或将会违犯某种染污之罪,或将会舍戒退转还俗。显示巴利原文
Pañca ādīnavā apāsādike – attāpi attānaṃ upavadati, anuviccapi viññū garahanti, pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, sammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Pañcānisaṃsā pāsādike – attāpi attānaṃ na upavadati, anuviccapi viññū pasaṃsanti, kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, asammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Aparepi pañca ādīnavā apāsādike – appasannā na pasīdanti, pasannānaṃ ekaccānaṃ aññathattaṃ hoti, satthusāsanaṃ akataṃ hoti, pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ nāpajjati, cittamassa na pasīdati. Pañcānisaṃsā pāsādike – appasannā pasīdanti, pasannānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāya hoti, satthusāsanaṃ kataṃ hoti, pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, cittamassa pasīdati. Pañca ādīnavā kulūpake – anāmantacāre āpajjati, raho nisajjāya āpajjati, paṭicchanne āsane āpajjati, mātugāmassa uttarichappañcavācāhi dhammaṃ desento āpajjati, kāmasaṅkappabahulo ca viharati. Pañca ādīnavā kulūpakassa bhikkhuno – ativelaṃ kulesu saṃsaṭṭhassa viharato mātugāmassa abhiṇhadassanaṃ, dassane sati saṃsaggo, saṃsagge sati vissāso, vissāse sati otāro, otiṇṇacittassetaṃ bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ anabhirato vā brahmacariyaṃ carissati aññataraṃ vā saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ āpattiṃ āpajjissati sikkhaṃ vā paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissati.
有五种种子类——根种、茎种、节种、枝顶种,以及第五种的种子种。应以五种沙门的方法受用果实——经火烧过的、经刀伤过的、经指甲伤过的、无种子的,以及第五种的已脱落种子的。有五种清净——诵出序后,其余以简说诵出,这是第一种清净;诵出序和四波罗夷后,其余以简说诵出,这是第二种清净;诵出序、四波罗夷、十三僧残后,其余以简说诵出,这是第三种清净;诵出序、四波罗夷、十三僧残、二不定后,其余以简说诵出,这是第四种清净;第五种就是以广说而来。还有另外五种清净——诵出学处、遍清净布萨、自誓布萨、自恣、第五种即和合布萨。对于持律者,有五种利益——自己的戒蕴被善加守护、善加保护;成为有愧悔者们的依靠;在有争论的僧团中能自在辨说;能依正法善加折伏对手;为令正法久住而修行。有五种非法停止巴帝摩卡。有五种如法停止巴帝摩卡。显示巴利原文
Pañca bījajātāni – mūlabījaṃ, khandhabījaṃ, phaḷubījaṃ, aggabījaṃ, bījabījaññeva pañcamaṃ. Pañcahi samaṇakappehi phalaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ – aggiparijitaṃ, satthaparijitaṃ, nakhaparijitaṃ, abījaṃ, nibbattabījaññeva pañcamaṃ. Pañca visuddhiyo – nidānaṃ uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ, ayaṃ paṭhamā visuddhi; nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ, ayaṃ dutiyā visuddhi; nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā terasa saṅghādisese uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ, ayaṃ tatiyā visuddhi; nidānaṃ uddisitvā cattāri pārājikāni uddisitvā terasa saṅghādisese uddisitvā dve aniyate uddisitvā avasesaṃ sutena sāvetabbaṃ, ayaṃ catutthā visuddhi; vitthāreneva pañcamī. Aparāpi pañca visuddhiyo – suttuddeso, pārisuddhiuposatho, adhiṭṭhānuposatho, pavāraṇā, sāmaggīuposathoyeva pañcamo. Pañcānisaṃsā vinayadhare – attano sīlakkhandho sugutto hoti surakkhito, kukkuccapakatānaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ hoti, visārado saṅghamajjhe voharati, paccatthike sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggaṇhāti, saddhammaṭṭhitiyā paṭipanno hoti. Pañca adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni . Pañca dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanānīti.
罪与罪聚,以及制罚事例;
人、与分裂,以及因缘而犯;
不应行、应行,以及衣料、疑虑与油;
依止、衰败、成就、轻安,以及与人相关。
林野住、行乞食、著粪扫衣、树下坐、冢间住;
露地住、但三衣、次第乞食、常坐不卧。
随得卧具住、不食后食,以及一钵食;
布萨、自恣,还有罪与非罪的辨析。
这些黑白法的类别,对比丘尼们来说也是如此;
不清净与清净两种,另外还有同样的两类。
对俗家过度亲近、种子,以及沙门的正当行仪;
清净还有其他的,以及违律者;
如法的也同样被宣说,清净五法至此结束。
显示巴利原文 Āpatti āpattikkhandhā, vinītānantarena ca; Puggalā chedanā ceva, āpajjati ca paccayā. Na upeti upeti ca, kappantusaṅkitelañca; Vasaṃ byasanā sampadā, passaddhi puggalena ca. Sosānikaṃ khāyitañca, theyyaṃ coro ca vuccati; Avissajji avebhaṅgi, kāyato kāyavācato. Desanā saṅghaṃ uddesaṃ, paccantikathinena ca; Kammāni yāvatatiyaṃ, pārājithulladukkaṭaṃ. Akappiyaṃ kappiyañca, apuññaduvinodayā; Sammajjanī apare ca, bhāsaṃ āpattimeva ca. Adhikaraṇaṃ vatthu ñatti, āpattā ubhayāni ca; Lahukaṭṭhamakā ete, kaṇhasukkā vijānatha. Araññaṃ piṇḍapātañca, paṃsurukkhasusānikā; Abbhokāso cīvarañca, sapadāno nisajjiko. Santhati khalu pacchāpi, pattapiṇḍikameva ca; Uposathaṃ pavāraṇaṃ, āpattānāpattipi ca. Kaṇhasukkapadā ete, bhikkhunīnampi te tathā; Apāsādikapāsādi, tatheva apare duve. Kulūpake ativelaṃ, bījaṃ samaṇakappi ca; Visuddhi apare ceva, vinayādhammikena ca; Dhammikā ca tathā vuttā, niṭṭhitā suddhipañcakāti.
6. 六法轮显示巴利原文
6. Chakkavāro
326 六种不恭敬。六种恭敬。六种律制缘起。六种正行。六种罪的集起。六种可断除的罪。以六种方式犯下罪。持律者的六种利益。六种最高标准。六夜可离三衣而宿。六种衣。六种染料。六种罪从身与意生起,非从语。六种罪从语与意生起,非从身。六种罪从身、语、意生起。六种羯磨。六种争论的根源。六种指责的根源。六种应忆念法,纵向六肘,善逝一肘,横向六肘。六种从老师处解除依止的情形。关于沐浴的六条附属规定——拿着未完成的衣离开,带着未完成的衣离开。显示巴利原文
Cha agāravā. Cha gāravā. Cha vinītavatthūni. Cha sāmīciyo. Cha āpattisamuṭṭhānā. Chacchedanakā āpattiyo. Chahākārehi āpattiṃ āpajjati. Chānisaṃsā vinayadhare. Cha paramāni. Chārattaṃ ticīvarena vippavasitabbaṃ. Cha cīvarāni . Cha rajanāni. Cha āpattiyo kāyato ca cittato ca samuṭṭhanti na vācato. Cha āpattiyo vācato ca cittato ca samuṭṭhanti na kāyato. Cha āpattiyo kāyato ca vācato ca cittato ca samuṭṭhanti. Cha kammāni. Cha vivādamūlāni. Cha anuvādamūlāni. Cha sāraṇīyā dhammā dīghaso. Cha vidatthiyo, sugatavidatthiyā, tiriyaṃ cha vidatthiyo. Cha nissayapaṭippassaddhiyo ācariyamhā. Cha nahāne anupaññattiyo – vippakatacīvaraṃ ādāya pakkamati, vippakatacīvaraṃ samādāya pakkamati.
具备六支的比丘,可以为人授具足戒,可以给人依止,可以接受沙玛内拉侍奉:他自身具备无学的戒蕴,具备无学的定蕴,具备无学的慧蕴,具备无学的解脱蕴,具备无学的解脱知见蕴,并且戒腊满十年或超过十年。显示巴利原文
Chahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ nissayo dātabbo sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo – asekkhena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena samādhikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena paññakkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena vimuttikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekkhena vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhena samannāgato hoti, dasavasso vā hoti atirekadasavasso vā.
也另有具备六支的比丘,可以为人授具足戒,可以给人依止,可以接受沙玛内拉侍奉:他自己具备无学的戒蕴,并能教导他人成就无学的戒蕴;他自己具备无学的定蕴,并能教导他人成就无学的定蕴;他自己具备无学的慧蕴,并能教导他人成就无学的慧蕴;他自己具备无学的解脱蕴,并能教导他人成就无学的解脱蕴;他自己具备无学的解脱知见蕴,并能教导他人成就无学的解脱知见蕴;并且戒腊满十年或超过十年。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi chahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ nissayo dātabbo sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo – attanā asekkhena sīlakkhandhe samannāgato hoti, paraṃ asekkhe sīlakkhandhe samādapetā; attanā asekkhena samādhikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, paraṃ asekkhe samādhikkhandhe samādapetā; attanā asekkhena paññakkhandhena samannāgato hoti, paraṃ asekkhe paññakkhandhe samādapetā; attanā asekkhena vimuttikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, paraṃ asekkhe vimuttikkhandhe samādapetā; attanā asekkhena vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhena samannāgato hoti, paraṃ asekkhe vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhe samādapetā; dasavasso vā hoti atirekadasavasso vā.
也另有具备六支的比丘,可以为人授具足戒,可以给人依止,可以接受沙玛内拉侍奉:他有信心,有惭心,有愧心,精进努力,正念现前,并且戒腊满十年或超过十年。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi chahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ nissayo dātabbo sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo – saddho hoti, hirimā hoti, ottappī hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti , upaṭṭhitassati hoti, dasavasso vā hoti atirekadasavasso vā.
也另有具备六支的比丘,可以为人授具足戒,可以给人依止,可以接受沙玛内拉侍奉:他在增上戒方面没有戒行缺失,在行为上沒有品行缺失,在极端见解上没有见地缺失;他博学多闻,具有智慧,并且戒腊满十年或超过十年。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi chahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ nissayo dātabbo sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo – na adhisīle sīlavipanno hoti, na ajjhācāre ācāravipanno hoti, na atidiṭṭhiyā diṭṭhivipanno hoti, bahussuto hoti, paññavā hoti, dasavasso vā hoti atirekadasavasso vā.
也另有具备六支的比丘,可以为人授具足戒,可以给人依止,可以接受沙玛内拉侍奉:他有能力亲自照顾或安排人照顾生病的共住弟子或依止弟子;有能力亲自安抚或安排人安抚生起不满情绪的人;有能力依正法去除已生起的追悔;他知道什么是罪;他知道出罪的方法;并且戒腊满十年或超过十年。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi chahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ nissayo dātabbo sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo – paṭibalo hoti antevāsiṃ vā saddhivihāriṃ vā gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā, anabhirataṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā , uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ , āpattiṃ jānāti, āpattivuṭṭhānaṃ jānāti, dasavasso vā hoti atirekadasavasso vā.
再者,具足六种其他条件的比丘,可以授予具足戒,可以给予依止,可以令沙马内拉侍奉——他能够在关于正行学处上教导他的亲教师弟子或共住弟子,在初梵行学处上引导他们,在阿毗达摩上引导他们,在阿毗律上引导他们,能如法地辨析已生起的恶见,并且有十戒腊或超过十戒腊。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi chahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ nissayo dātabbo sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo – paṭibalo hoti antevāsiṃ vā saddhivihāriṃ vā ābhisamācārikāya sikkhāya sikkhāpetuṃ, ādibrahmacāriyakāya sikkhāya vinetuṃ, abhidhamme vinetuṃ, abhivinaye vinetuṃ, uppannaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ dhammato vivecetuṃ, dasavasso vā hoti atirekadasavasso vā.
再者,具足六種其他條件的比庫,應授予具足戒,應給予依止,應令沙瑪內拉侍奉——他知道什麼是罪,知道什麼是非罪,知道什麼是輕罪,知道什麼是重罪,而且他的兩部巴帝摩卡都已被詳盡地善巧掌握、善巧分別、善巧流轉、善巧確定,無論是在字句上還是在細節上,他達到或超過十個戒臘。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi chahaṅgehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ nissayo dātabbo sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo – āpattiṃ jānāti, anāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso, dasavasso vā hoti atirekadasavasso vā.
有六種非法的巴帝摩卡停止,有六種如法的巴帝摩卡停止。显示巴利原文
Cha adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, cha dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanānīti.
不恭敬與恭敬,律制緣起與正行,
生起與斷除,以及原因與利益。
至多六夜,還有染衣的染料,
從身、從意,以及從語、從意,
從身語意,以及關於甘馬的諍論。
举罪,有沿纵向的,也有沿横向的,以及与依止相关的。
追加的学处,有基于接受的,也有基于主动承担的,同样如此;
关于无学者,劝导者,具信心者,以及与增上戒相关的;
关于病者的正当行事,以及将非法说为法、将法说为非法——这些都已讲完。
显示巴利原文 Agāravā gāravā ca, vinītā sāmīcipi ca; Samuṭṭhānā chedanā ceva, ākārānisaṃsena ca. Paramāni ca chārattaṃ, cīvaraṃ rajanāni ca; Kāyato cittato cāpi, vācato cittatopi ca. Kāyavācācittato ca, kammavivādameva ca; Anuvādā dīghaso ca, tiriyaṃ nissayena ca. Anupaññatti ādāya, samādāya tatheva ca; Asekkhe samādapetā, saddho adhisīlena ca; Gilānābhisamācārī, āpattādhammadhammikāti.
7. 七法轮显示巴利原文
7. Sattakavāro
327 七种罪、七种罪聚、七种已妥善处理的案例、七种正确行持、七种非法的认罪处理、七种如法的认罪处理、七种为了在七日内完成事务外出而无罪的情况、持律者的七种利益、七种最上之事。在第七天黎明时,该物成为应舍。七种止息法、七种僧团羯磨、七种生谷。横向距离为七倍。关于集体用餐,有七条追加的学处。接受药物后,最多可以储存七天,然后使用。带着已做好的衣离开。拿着已做好的衣离开。对于比丘,有些情况不应被视为犯罪。对于比丘,有些情况应被视为犯罪。对于比丘,有些情况应被视为犯罪。七种非法的终止巴帝摩卡情况、七种如法的终止巴帝摩卡情况。显示巴利原文
Sattāpattiyo . Sattāpattikkhandhā. Satta vinītavatthūni. Satta sāmīciyo. Satta adhammikā paṭiññātakaraṇā. Satta dhammikā paṭiññātakaraṇā. Sattannaṃ anāpatti sattāhakaraṇīyena gantuṃ. Sattānisaṃsā vinayadhare. Satta paramāni . Sattame aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Satta samathā. Satta kammāni. Satta āmakadhaññāni. Tiriyaṃ sattantarā. Gaṇabhojane satta anupaññattiyo. Bhesajjāni paṭiggahetvā sattāhaparamaṃ sannidhikārakaṃ paribhuñjitabbāni. Katacīvaraṃ ādāya pakkamati. Katacīvaraṃ samādāya pakkamati. Bhikkhussa na hoti āpatti daṭṭhabbā. Bhikkhussa hoti āpatti daṭṭhabbā. Bhikkhussa hoti āpatti daṭṭhabbā . Satta adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Satta dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni.
具足七种要素的比丘,是持律者:他知道什么是罪、知道什么不是罪、知道什么是轻罪、知道什么是重罪;他是有戒德的,以巴帝摩卡的约束来防护而住,行处与行境具足,在微小的过患上也看见危险,受持并修习诸学处;对于四种增上心、能带来当下乐住的禅那,他是随意而得、不难而得、不苦而得者;并且,通过灭尽诸漏,他在当下、亲自以证智作证、达到并住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱。显示巴利原文
Sattahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu vinayadharo hoti – āpattiṃ jānāti, anāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
还有,以另外七种要素具足的比丘,是持律者:他知道什么是罪、知道什么不是罪、知道什么是轻罪、知道什么是重罪;他是多闻者,能持所闻,积累所闻——那些法,初善、中善、后善,有意义、有文句,完全圆满、完全清净地宣扬梵行,像这样的法,他多闻、记忆、以言语熟练、以心意审视、以正见善巧通达;对于四种增上心、能带来当下乐住的禅那,他是随意而得、不难而得、不苦而得者;并且,通过灭尽诸漏,他在当下、亲自以证智作证、达到并住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi sattahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu vinayadharo hoti – āpattiṃ jānāti, anāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti tathārūpassa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā, catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
还有,以另外七种要素具足的比丘,是持律者:他知道什么是罪、知道什么不是罪、知道什么是轻罪、知道什么是重罪;而且,他的两部巴帝摩卡,在详细层面上,是善巧掌握、善巧分别、善巧运转、善巧判定,无论是依经句还是依随文理;对于四种增上心、能带来当下乐住的禅那,他是随意而得、不难而得、不苦而得者;并且,通过灭尽诸漏,他在当下、亲自以证智作证、达到并住于无漏的心解脱与慧解脱。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi sattahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu vinayadharo hoti – āpattiṃ jānāti, anāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso, catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
再有,具备以下七种素质的比丘,就是持律者——他知道什么是犯;知道什么不是犯;知道什么是轻犯;知道什么是重犯;他能随念起种种过去生,也就是:一生、两生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、一百生、一千生、十万生、许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多坏成劫,他回忆道:‘在那里,我曾有这样的名字、这样的姓氏、这样的容貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命长度;从那里死后,我转生到某处;在那里,我又曾有这样的名字、这样的姓氏、这样的容貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命长度;从那里死后,我才转生到这里。’像这样,他随着行相和细节,忆念起种种过去生;他以那清净、超越常人的天眼,看见众生死亡和再生,低贱的、高贵的,美丽的、丑陋的,善去的、恶去的,他了知众生随着自己所造的业而流转:‘唉,这些尊贵的众生,确实是因为具足了身的恶行、语的恶行、意的恶行,诽谤圣者,怀有邪见,行持邪见所导之业,他们在身体破裂、命终之后,就投生到悲惨处、恶趣、堕落之处、地狱去了;而这些尊贵的众生呢,正是因为具足了身的善行、语的善行、意的善行,不诽谤圣者,怀有正见,行持正见所导之业,他们在身体破裂、命终之后,就投生到善处、天界了。’像这样,他以那清净、超越常人的天眼,看见众生死亡和再生,低贱的、高贵的,美丽的、丑陋的,善去的、恶去的,他了知众生随着自己所造的业而流转;他更因为灭尽了烦恼,就在当下这一生,自己以殊胜的智慧如实证知、达到并住于无漏的心解脱和慧解脱。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi sattahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu vinayadharo hoti – āpattiṃ jānāti; anāpattiṃ jānāti; lahukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti; garukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti; anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – ‘‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’’ti iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati; dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti – ‘‘ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā, ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’’ti iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti; āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
具备七种素质的持律者,是耀眼的——他知道什么是犯,知道什么不是犯,知道什么是轻犯,知道什么是重犯;他有戒……(中略)……在学处上,他接受并学习;对于四种增上心、能带来现世安乐住处的禅那,他随欲而得、不难得、不费力而得;他更因为灭尽了烦恼,就在当下这一生,自己以殊胜的智慧如实证知、达到并住于无漏的心解脱和慧解脱。显示巴利原文
Sattahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo sobhati – āpattiṃ jānāti, anāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
再有,具备以下七种素质的持律者,是耀眼的——他知道什么是犯,知道什么不是犯,知道什么是轻犯,知道什么是重犯;他是多闻者……(中略)……对见地有透彻的洞察;对于四种增上心、能带来现世安乐住处的禅那,他随欲而得、不难得、不费力而得;他更因为灭尽了烦恼,就在当下这一生,自己以殊胜的智慧如实证知、达到并住于无漏的心解脱和慧解脱。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi sattahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo. Sobhati – āpattiṃ jānāti, anāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdho catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
再有,具备以下七种素质的持律者,是耀眼的——他知道什么是犯,知道什么不是犯,知道什么是轻犯,知道什么是重犯;而且,他对于这两部巴帝摩卡,在详细的文句与细节上,都善巧地掌握、善巧地分别、善巧地运用、善巧地判定;对于四种增上心、能带来现世安乐住处的禅那,他随欲而得、不难得、不费力而得;他更因为灭尽了烦恼,就在当下这一生,自己以殊胜的智慧如实证知、达到并住于无漏的心解脱和慧解脱。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi sattahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo sobhati – āpattiṃ jānāti, anāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso, catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
再有,具备以下七种素质的持律者,是耀眼的——他知道什么是犯;知道什么不是犯;知道什么是轻犯;知道什么是重犯;他能随念起种种过去生,也就是:一生、两生……(中略)……像这样,他随着行相和细节,忆念起种种过去生;他以那清净、超越常人的天眼,看见众生死亡和再生,低贱的、高贵的,美丽的、丑陋的,善去的、恶去的,他了知众生随着自己所造的业而流转……(中略)……像这样,他以那清净、超越常人的天眼,看见众生死亡和再生,低贱的、高贵的,美丽的、丑陋的,善去的、恶去的,他了知众生随着自己所造的业而流转;他更因为灭尽了烦恼,就在当下这一生,自己以殊胜的智慧如实证知、达到并住于无漏的心解脱和慧解脱。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi sattahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo sobhati – āpattiṃ jānāti; anāpattiṃ jānāti; lahukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti; garukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti; anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti…pe… iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti; āsavānañca khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati.
七种逆法——没有信,没有惭,没有愧,少闻,懈怠,失念,智慧羸弱。显示巴利原文
Satta asaddhammā – assaddho hoti, ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, appassuto hoti, kusīto hoti, muṭṭhassati hoti, duppañño hoti.
七种正法——有信,有惭,有愧,多闻,已发精进,现前正念,有智慧。显示巴利原文
Satta saddhammā – saddho hoti, hirimā hoti, ottappī hoti, bahussuto hoti, āraddhavīriyo hoti, upaṭṭhitassati hoti, paññavā hotīti.
犯、犯聚,以及已调伏的、如法的;
非法与如法,无罪与七日。
诸利益、最胜,以及以黎明平息;
羯磨、生谷,与团食中的辗转。
以七日为限而取用,同样受持;
不成为,成为,也成为;非法与如法。
四种持律者,及四种庄严的比丘;
七种非法,及七种正法已被宣说。
显示巴利原文 Āpatti āpattikkhandhā, vinītā sāmīcipi ca; Adhammikā dhammikā ca, anāpatti ca sattāhaṃ. Ānisaṃsā paramāni, aruṇasamathena ca; Kammā āmakadhaññā ca, tiriyaṃ gaṇabhojane. Sattāhaparamaṃ ādāya, samādāya tatheva ca; Na hoti hoti hoti ca, adhammā dhammikāni ca. Caturo vinayadharā, catubhikkhū ca sobhane; Satta ceva asaddhammā, satta saddhammā desitāti.
8. 八法轮显示巴利原文
8. Aṭṭhakavāro
328 当观察八种利益时,不应因不见罪而举该比丘。当观察八种利益且出于对他人的信心,应当发露该罪。八种乃至第三次。以八种方式毁坏诸家。八种来源为衣的产生。八种来源为解除迦絺那。八种饮料。被八种非法所征服、心被制伏的提婆达多,是堕恶趣者、地狱者、住劫者、不可救药者。八世间法。八敬法。八应悔过。八支妄语。八戒布萨支。八种使者支。八种外道行仪。大海有八种稀有、未曾有法。此法、律中有八种稀有、未曾有法。八种非残食。八种残食。于第八次黎明出现时,成为舍堕。八波罗夷。补足第八事者应灭摈。补足第八事者,虽发露亦为未发露。八语具足戒。应对八者起立。应施座与八者。优婆夷乞请八种愿。具足八支的比丘应被选任为比丘尼教诫者。持律者有八种利益。八种最胜。被行恶作罚羯磨的比丘,应于八法中正确地行持。八种非法停止巴帝摩卡,八种如法停止巴帝摩卡。显示巴利原文
Aṭṭhānisaṃse sampassamānena na so bhikkhu āpattiyā adassane ukkhipitabbo. Aṭṭhānisaṃse sampassamānena paresampi saddhāya sā āpatti desetabbā. Aṭṭha yāvatatiyakā. Aṭṭhahākārehi kulāni dūseti. Aṭṭha mātikā cīvarassa uppādāya. Aṭṭha mātikā kathinassa ubbhārāya. Aṭṭha pānāni. Aṭṭhahi asaddhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho . Aṭṭha lokadhammā. Aṭṭha garudhammā. Aṭṭha pāṭidesanīyā. Aṭṭhaṅgiko musāvādo . Aṭṭha uposathaṅgāni. Aṭṭha dūteyyaṅgāni. Aṭṭha titthiyavattāni. Aṭṭha acchariyā abbhutadhammā mahāsamudde. Aṭṭha acchariyā abbhutadhammā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye. Aṭṭha anatirittā. Aṭṭha atirittā. Aṭṭhame aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Aṭṭha pārājikā. Aṭṭhamaṃ vatthuṃ paripūrentī nāsetabbā. Aṭṭhamaṃ vatthuṃ paripūrentiyā desitāpi adesitā hoti. Aṭṭhavācikā upasampadā. Aṭṭhannaṃ paccuṭṭhātabbaṃ. Aṭṭhannaṃ āsanaṃ dātabbaṃ. Upāsikā aṭṭha varāni yācati. Aṭṭhahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhikkhunovādako sammannitabbo . Aṭṭhānisaṃsā vinayadhare. Aṭṭha paramāni. Tassapāpiyasikakammakatena bhikkhunā aṭṭhasu dhammesu sammā vattitabbaṃ. Aṭṭha adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni aṭṭha dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanānīti.
他也不是对他人、对有三次污损之法的比丘;
衣的来源、迦絺那的撤除、饮料,以及被压倒者。
世间法、重法、应悔过、妄语;
布萨戒及使者支、外道及海中事。
稀有之事、未足者、已足者、应舍者;
波罗夷的第八事所缘、未说示的具足戒。
起迎、废座,以及最优者、随教诫者;
利益、最上者、于八法中应行之道;
非法的和如法的,这八种类别已善加开示。
显示巴利原文 Na so bhikkhu paresampi, yāvatatiyadūsanā; Mātikā kathinubbhārā, pānā abhibhūtena ca. Lokadhammā garudhammā, pāṭidesanīyā musā; Uposathā ca dūtaṅgā, titthiyā samuddepi ca. Abbhutā anatirittaṃ, atirittaṃ nissaggiyaṃ; Pārājikaṭṭhamaṃ vatthu, adesitūpasampadā. Paccuṭṭhānāsanañceva, varaṃ ovādakena ca; Ānisaṃsā paramāni, aṭṭhadhammesu vattanā; Adhammikā dhammikā ca, aṭṭhakā suppakāsitāti.
9. 九法轮显示巴利原文
9. Navakavāro
329 九种怨恨事,九种调伏怨恨的方法,九种指导处理的事例,九种初次犯下的罪,僧团以九种方式分裂,九种上等美食,以九种肉而犯恶作,九种巴帝摩卡诵出,九种最高标准,九种以渴爱为根本的法,九种应舍弃的法,九种应受持的衣,九种不能分配给别人的衣,长度为善逝拃手之九拃手,九种非法的布施,九种非法的接受,九种非法的使用——三种如法的布施、三种如法的接受、三种如法的使用,九种非法的请求,九种如法的请求。在非法羯磨中有两个九类,在如法羯磨中有两个九类。九种非法停止巴帝摩卡,九种如法停止巴帝摩卡。显示巴利原文
Nava āghātavatthūni. Nava āghātapaṭivinayā. Nava vinītavatthūni. Nava paṭhamāpattikā. Navahi saṅgho bhijjati. Nava paṇītabhojanāni . Navamaṃsehi dukkaṭaṃ. Nava pātimokkhuddesā. Nava paramāni. Nava taṇhāmūlakā dhammā. Nava vidhamānā. Nava cīvarāni adhiṭṭhātabbāni. Nava cīvarāni na vikappetabbāni. Dīghaso nava vidatthiyo sugatavidatthiyā. Nava adhammikāni dānāni. Nava adhammikā paṭiggahā. Nava adhammikā paribhogā – tīṇi dhammikāni dānāni, tayo dhammikā paṭiggahā, tayo dhammikā paribhogā. Nava adhammikā saññattiyo . Nava dhammikā saññattiyo. Adhammakamme dve navakāni. Dhammakamme dve navakāni. Nava adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Nava dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanānīti.
怨恨事与调伏法,指导事例与初犯,
僧团分裂与上等食,肉类诵出与最高标准,
渴爱与慢与受持,分配及拃手量;
布施、接受及使用,此三亦有如法者,
非法如法的请求,各有两个九类别,
以及停止巴帝摩卡,有非法的和如法的。
显示巴利原文 Āghātavatthuvinayā, vinītā paṭhamena ca; Bhijjati ca paṇītañca, maṃsuddesaparamāni ca. Taṇhā mānā adhiṭṭhānā, vikappe ca vidatthiyo; Dānā paṭiggahā bhogā, tividhā puna dhammikā. Adhammadhammasaññatti, duve dve navakāni ca; Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, adhammadhammikāni cāti.
10. 十法轮显示巴利原文
10. Dasakavāro
330 十个产生怨恨的根基。十种调伏怨恨的方法。十种戒律判例。以十种事为根基的邪见。以十种事为根基的正见。十种极端的执着见。十种邪性。十种正性。十种不善业道。十种善业道。十种非法的抽取签筹。十种如法的抽取签筹。沙玛内拉的十条学处。具备十种特征的沙玛内拉应被驱摈。显示巴利原文
Dasa āghātavatthūni. Dasa āghātapaṭivinayā. Dasa vinītavatthūni. Dasavatthukā micchādiṭṭhi. Dasavatthukā sammādiṭṭhi. Dasa antaggāhikā diṭṭhi. Dasa micchattā. Dasa sammattā. Dasa akusalakammapathā. Dasa kusalakammapathā. Dasa adhammikā salākaggāhā. Dasa dhammikā salākaggāhā. Sāmaṇerānaṃ dasa sikkhāpadāni. Dasahaṅgehi samannāgato sāmaṇero nāsetabbo.
具备十种特征的持律者,就只能被称为愚者:他不了解自己言语的界限;不了解他人言语的界限;在自己不了解言语界限、不了解他人言语界限的情况下,却以非法的方式行事;他不依当事人的承认而了知罪;不了知罪的根源;不了知罪的集起;不了知罪的灭尽;不了知导向罪灭尽的行道。显示巴利原文
Dasahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – attano bhāsapariyantaṃ na uggaṇhāti, parassa bhāsapariyantaṃ na uggaṇhāti , attano bhāsapariyantaṃ anuggahetvā parassa bhāsapariyantaṃ anuggahetvā adhammena kāreti, appaṭiññāya āpattiṃ na jānāti, āpattiyā mūlaṃ na jānāti, āpattisamudayaṃ na jānāti, āpattinirodhaṃ na jānāti, āpattinirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ na jānāti.
具备十种特征的持律者,就能被称为智者:他了解自己言语的界限;了解他人言语的界限;在自己了解言语界限、了解他人言语界限的情况下,以如法的方式行事;他依当事人的承认而了知罪;了知罪的根源;了知罪的集起;了知罪的灭尽;了知导向罪灭尽的行道。显示巴利原文
Dasahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍito tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – attano bhāsapariyantaṃ uggaṇhāti, parassa bhāsapariyantaṃ uggaṇhāti, attano bhāsapariyantaṃ uggahetvā parassa bhāsapariyantaṃ uggahetvā dhammena kāreti, paṭiññāya āpattiṃ jānāti, āpattiyā mūlaṃ jānāti, āpattisamudayaṃ jānāti, āpattinirodhaṃ jānāti, āpattinirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ jānāti.
还有,具备另外十种特征的持律者,就只能被称为愚者:他不了知诤事;不了知诤事的根源;不了知诤事的集起;不了知诤事的灭尽;不了知导向诤事灭尽的行道;不了知事由;不了知因缘;不了知制定;不了知随制;不了知贯穿前后的语脉。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi dasahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – adhikaraṇaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇassa mūlaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇasamudayaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇanirodhaṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ na jānāti, vatthuṃ na jānāti, nidānaṃ na jānāti, paññattiṃ na jānāti, anupaññattiṃ na jānāti , anusandhivacanapathaṃ na jānāti.
具备十种特征的持律者,就能被称为智者:他了知诤事;了知诤事的根源;了知诤事的集起;了知诤事的灭尽;了知导向诤事灭尽的行道;了知事由;了知因缘;了知制定;了知随制;了知贯穿前后的语脉。显示巴利原文
Dasahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍito tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – adhikaraṇaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇassa mūlaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇasamudayaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇanirodhaṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ jānāti, vatthuṃ jānāti, nidānaṃ jānāti, paññattiṃ jānāti, anupaññattiṃ jānāti, anusandhivacanapathaṃ jānāti.
还有,具备另外十种特征的持律者,就只能被称为愚者:他不了知议案;不了知实施议案的方法;不精通前分事务;不精通后分事务;不知晓适当的时机;不了知罪与非罪;不了知轻罪与重罪;不了知有残余罪与无残余罪;不了知粗重罪与非粗重罪;而且,他没有善巧地领受、善巧地作意、善巧地忆持其师承的传统。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi dasahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – ñattiṃ na jānāti, ñattiyā karaṇaṃ na jānāti, na pubbakusalo hoti, na aparakusalo hoti, akālaññū ca hoti, āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, ācariyaparamparā kho panassa na suggahitā hoti na sumanasikatā na sūpadhāritā.
具备十种特征的持律者,就能被称为智者:他了知议案;了知实施议案的方法;精通前分事务;精通后分事务;知晓适当的时机;了知罪与非罪;了知轻罪与重罪;了知有残余罪与无残余罪;了知粗重罪与非粗重罪;而且,他善巧地领受、善巧地作意、善巧地忆持其师承的传统。显示巴利原文
Dasahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍito tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – ñattiṃ jānāti, ñattiyā karaṇaṃ jānāti, pubbakusalo hoti, aparakusalo hoti, kālaññū ca hoti, āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, ācariyaparamparā kho panassa suggahitā hoti sumanasikatā sūpadhāritā.
还有,具备另外十种特征的持律者,就只能被称为愚者:他不了知罪与非罪;不了知轻罪与重罪;不了知有残余罪与无残余罪;不了知粗重罪与非粗重罪;而且,两部巴帝摩卡他没有依文、依句、详细地善巧掌握、善巧分别、善巧运用、善巧判定;不了知罪与非罪;不了知轻罪与重罪;不了知有残余罪与无残余罪;不了知粗重罪与非粗重罪;在诤事中,他不善于作出裁决。显示巴利原文
Aparehipi dasahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo bālo tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena na svāgatāni honti na suvibhattāni na suppavattīni na suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso , āpattānāpattiṃ na jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ na jānāti, adhikaraṇe ca na vinicchayakusalo hoti.
持律者具备十种素质,便可称为真正的贤智者:他知道什么是犯、什么是不犯;知道什么是轻罪、什么是重罪;知道什么是有余罪、什么是无余罪;知道什么是粗重罪、什么不是粗重罪;再者,他的两部巴帝摩卡都已被详尽地善巧掌握、妥善分别、善巧运用、妥善确定,无论是从字句上还是从细节上;他知道什么是犯、什么是不犯;知道什么是轻罪、什么是重罪;知道什么是有余罪、什么是无余罪;知道什么是粗重罪、什么不是粗重罪;并且在诤事的裁决上,他是善巧的。显示巴利原文
Dasahaṅgehi samannāgato vinayadharo paṇḍito tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati – āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso, āpattānāpattiṃ jānāti, lahukagarukaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, sāvasesānavasesaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, duṭṭhullāduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ jānāti, adhikaraṇe ca vinicchayakusalo hoti.
具备十种素质的比丘,应被选任为裁决者。基于十种利益、目标,如来为弟子们制定了学处。进入王宫内院有十种过患。有十种布施的处所。有十种珍宝。十众比丘僧团。应由十人团体来授予具足戒。有十种粪扫衣。有十种持衣的方式。多余的衣最多可持有十天。有十种干枯的(事)。有十种女人。有十种妻室。在毗舍离城有十件彰显(法义)的事情。有十种人不应该被顶礼。有十种辱骂的根据。以十种方式搬弄离间语。有十种住所。他们乞求了十种殊胜的许可。有十种非法地中止说巴帝摩卡的情况。有十种如法地中止说巴帝摩卡的情况。粥有十种利益。有十种不如法的肉。有十项最高标准。戒腊满十年的比丘,如果贤能、有能力,可以为人剃度、授具足戒、给予依止,并由沙玛内拉侍奉。戒腊满十年的比丘尼,如果贤能、有能力,可以为人剃度、授具足戒、给予依止,并由沙玛内莉侍奉。戒腊满十年的比丘尼,如果贤能、有能力,应接受出罪的选任。对于嫁为人妇满十年的(学法女),应当授予学处。显示巴利原文
Dasahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo. Dasa atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ. Dasa ādīnavā rājantepurappavesane. Dasa dānavatthūni. Dasa ratanāni. Dasavaggo bhikkhusaṅgho. Dasavaggena gaṇena upasampādetabbaṃ. Dasa paṃsukūlāni. Dasa cīvaradhāraṇā . Dasāhaparamaṃ atirekacīvaraṃ dhāretabbaṃ . Dasa sukkāni. Dasa itthiyo. Dasa bhariyāyo. Vesāliyā dasa vatthūni dīpenti. Dasa puggalā avandiyā. Dasa akkosavatthūni. Dasahākārehi pesuññaṃ upasaṃharati. Dasa senāsanāni. Dasa varāni yāciṃsu. Dasa adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Dasa dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Dasānisaṃsā yāguyā. Dasa maṃsā akappiyā. Dasa paramāni. Dasavassena bhikkhunā byattena paṭibalena pabbājetabbaṃ upasampādetabbaṃ nissayo dātabbo sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Dasavassāya bhikkhuniyā byattāya paṭibalāya pabbājetabbaṃ upasampādetabbaṃ nissayo dātabbo sāmaṇerī upaṭṭhāpetabbā. Dasavassāya bhikkhuniyā byattāya paṭibalāya vuṭṭhāpanasammuti sāditabbā. Dasavassāya gihigatāya sikkhā dātabbāti.
嗔恨、调伏、事由,邪与正,以及边际;
邪性、正性,不善法、善法;
筹、非法、如法,沙玛内拉与摈灭;
还有言语诤事,以及白文、轻(罪);
轻、重,这些(以及)黑分、白分,你们要了知;
裁决者、学处,王宫内院与事由。
十品、宝,同样地,还有具足戒;
持粪扫衣,以及十夜许可于女人。
妻、十种事,因不敬与辱骂;
离间语,以及军队,还有诸许可与非法的。
如法的,以及粥、肉,这是比丘、比丘尼的最高[戒条];
出罪、嫁给在家人,这些十法已被善巧开示。
显示巴利原文 Āghātaṃ vinayaṃ vatthu, micchā sammā ca antagā; Micchattā ceva sammattā, akusalā kusalāpi ca. Salākā adhammā dhammā, sāmaṇerā ca nāsanā; Bhāsādhikaraṇañceva, ñattilahukameva ca. Lahukā garukā ete, kaṇhasukkā vijānatha; Ubbāhikā ca sikkhā ca, antepure ca vatthūni. Ratanaṃ dasavaggo ca, tatheva upasampadā; Paṃsukūladhāraṇā ca, dasāhasukkaitthiyo. Bhariyā dasa vatthūni, avandiyakkosena ca; Pesuññañceva senāni, varāni ca adhammikā. Dhammikā yāgumaṃsā ca, paramā bhikkhu bhikkhunī; Vuṭṭhāpanā gihigatā, dasakā suppakāsitāti.
11. 十一法轮显示巴利原文
11. Ekādasakavāro
331 有十一种人,未受具足戒者不应给予具足戒,若已受具足戒则应灭摈。有十一种鞋是不应使用的。有十一种钵是不应使用的。有十一种衣是不应使用的。有十一种[情况]乃至第三次[劝谏]。应询问比丘尼关于十一种障碍法。有十一种衣应决意[为限定衣]。有十一种衣不应分配[给他人]。在十一种日出时,成为应舍。[晒衣]有十一种绳结是应使用的。[钵]有十一种敷具是应使用的。有十一种地是不应使用的。有十一种地是应使用的。有十一种依止的解除。[比丘]不应礼拜十一种人。有十一种最高[戒条]。他们乞求了十一种许可。有十一种界场过失。对于一个辱骂、毁谤的人,可以预期到十一种过患。对于慈心解脱,若亲近、修习、多作、以它为车乘、以它为根基、稳固确立、熟练掌握、善加精勤,则可以预期到十一种利益:睡得安乐,醒得安乐,不做噩梦,为人所喜爱,为非人所喜爱,天神守护,火、毒、刀兵不能侵害,心迅速得定,面容澄净,临终不昏迷,若未能证得更高果位,则往生梵天界。对于慈心解脱,若亲近、修习、多作、以它为车乘、以它为根基、稳固确立、熟练掌握、善加精勤,则可以预期到这十一种利益。显示巴利原文
Ekāda puggalā anupasampannā na upasampādetabbā, upasampannā nāsetabbā. Ekādasa pādukā akappiyā. Ekādasa pattā akappiyā. Ekādasa cīvarāni akappiyāni. Ekādasa yāvatatiyakā. Bhikkhunīnaṃ ekādasa antarāyikā dhammā pucchitabbā. Ekādasa cīvarāni adhiṭṭhātabbāni. Ekādasa cīvarāni na vikappetabbāni. Ekādase aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṃ hoti. Ekādasa gaṇṭhikā kappiyā. Ekādasa vidhā kappiyā. Ekādasa pathavī akappiyā. Ekādasa pathavī kappiyā. Ekādasa nissayapaṭippassaddhiyo. Ekādasa puggalā avandiyā. Ekādasa paramāni. Ekādasa varāni yāciṃsu. Ekādasa sīmādosā. Akkosakaparibhāsake puggale ekādasādīnavā pāṭikaṅkhā. Mettāya cetovimuttiyā āsevitāya bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya ekādasānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā . Sukhaṃ supati, sukhaṃ paṭibujjhati, na pāpakaṃ supinaṃ passati, manussānaṃ piyo hoti, amanussānaṃ piyo hoti, devatā rakkhanti, nāssa aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamati, tuvaṭṭaṃ cittaṃ samādhiyati, mukhavaṇṇo vippasīdati, asammūḷho kālaṅkaroti, uttari appaṭivijjhanto brahmalokūpago hoti – mettāya cetovimuttiyā āsevitāya bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya ime ekādasānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhāti.
应灭摈者,以及鞋、钵与诸衣,
第三种情况应被询问,以及决意与净施。
明相、结带、方法,不许可的与许可的;
依止与应礼拜者,以及最高与殊胜之事;
界场之过失与辱骂,慈心的十一种利益被阐明。
显示巴利原文 Nāsetabbā pādukā ca, pattā ca cīvarāni ca; Tatiyā pucchitabbā ca, adhiṭṭhānavikappanā. Aruṇā gaṇṭhikā vidhā, akappiyā ca kappiyaṃ; Nissayāvandiyā ceva, paramāni varāni ca; Sīmādosā ca akkosā, mettāyekādasā katāti.
一法、二法,以及三法与四五法;
六法、七法、八法、九法,以及十法、十一法。
为了利益一切众生,由那位如是与了知法者;
此清净无垢的增一法,由大雄所宣说。
显示巴利原文 Ekakā ca dukā ceva, tikā ca catupañcakā; Chasattaṭṭhanavakā ca, dasa ekādasāni ca. Hitāya sabbasattānaṃ, ñātadhammena tādinā; Ekuttarikā vimalā, mahāvīrena desitāti.
━━ 归纳讲解,仅供参考 ━━
人物名册 Pali 中文(经文用名) 角色 Bhagavā 世尊 制定戒律、宣说法义的根本导师 bhikkhu 比丘 戒律的主要受持者与行持者主体 bhikkhunī 比丘尼 戒律的女性受持者与行持者主体 saṅgho 僧团 执行甘马、处理僧事、和合共住的集体 paccekabuddho 独觉佛 不可能犯戒的圣者之一(作为对比参照) vinayadharo 持律者 本篇核心所定义与描述的“贤智者”或“愚者”的修行者角色 ubbāhikāya sammato bhikkhu 裁断者 具十德、被僧团推举出来断事的比丘 sāmaṇero 沙弥 侍奉比丘的修行者 sāmaṇerī 沙弥尼 受具足戒前的女性修行者
地点 无具体地点。此篇为对整部戒律纲领的抽象整理与问答式论书。
事件 这是一部律藏的纲领性总结,并非记述某个具体事件。采用从“一法”到“十一法”的“增一”模式,系统性地罗列并定义了与比丘、比丘尼戒律相关的所有关键概念和类别。
“经文”以“应知……”作为开头,列出了一系列关于“罪”与“犯”的精密分类,如“造成犯罪的法”、“有余罪”、“无余罪”等,奠定了整个论述的基调——即确立对“罪”的透彻了知是持律的根本。随后,从“二法轮”开始,逐步扩展到僧团行事规则和修行者品性的辨析。
论证的核心逻辑在于,将每一个数字类别下的概念,通过对立法(如愚者/智者、非法/如法、增长/不增长)进行排比和定义,从而构建出一套完整的、可供实践判定的律学认知体系,培育真正能依律抉择的持律者。
经文摘要 戒罪总纲(增一法)→ 二法辨析(罪相、人事、甘马)→ 三法扩充(举罪、覆藏、环境条件)→ 多法递增(持律者的愚智素质、各类许可与过患),最终构建完整的律学判定实践体系。
中心思想(白话 + 重点拆解) 这是核心。必须:
1. 这部经到底在说什么?
这篇《增一法》就像一个戒律的“编码索引”和“案例库”。它把所有跟比丘、比丘尼持戒相关的规矩、情况、判定,按数字“从一到十一”排了个队。但它不是简单罗列戒条,它的真正目的是 训练出一个“持律者”——那种能活学活用律藏,像个明察秋毫的法官一样,准确判断是非对错的人。
文章一开始就说,你得彻底搞懂什么是“犯”、什么是“不犯”,什么是“重罪”、什么是“轻罪”,甚至罪是“做”出来的,还是“没做”导致的,这些都得门儿清。这就像一个医生看病,不能只会背药方,得知道各种症状的组合和变化的可能性。
2. 核心思想拆解与关键引文
这部经的核心,是反复对比“愚者”和“智者”、“非法”和“如法”,把这些对立面放到具体场景里去。它告诉我们,持戒不是死守条文,而是一种深刻的 情景智慧 。
* 经文里不断的说:“ 有于黑分允许,白分不允许;有于白分允许,黑分不允许;有于黑分亦允许白分亦允许。 ”
→ 拆开看: 这句话是精髓。它不是说戒律是相对的,而是说持律者的智慧在于知道戒律的精神(“白分”,善的、许可的)和戒条的文字(“黑分”,恶的、不许可的)可以有不同的对应关系。有些事在恶法里能做,在善法里却绝对不能碰;有些事恰恰相反;而有些事,无论在什么情况下都行得通。这种辨析能力,才是“智者”和“愚者”的分野。
* 文中定义真正的“智者”持律者,必须知道“ 罪的根源,罪的集起,罪的灭尽,导向罪灭尽之道 ”。
→ 拆开看: 这完全是把戒律提升到了“四圣谛”的高度。一个罪过,你要像理解“苦”一样,知道它怎么产生(集),怎么消除(灭),以及用什么方法去消除(道)。这不再是机械的惩罚,而是一套完整的修行和对治系统。
* 最终,它归结到检验标准:“ 对慈心解脱,若亲近、修习、多作……应预期十一种利益:乐睡、乐醒……心迅速得定……若不证得上位则往生梵天界 。”
→ 拆开看: 在整个戒律论述的结尾,突然讲起“慈心解脱”的好处,这绝非偶然。这是在说,所有繁复戒条研习和维护僧团清净的最终目的,是为了成就内心的安详、定力与慈心,最终导向解脱。戒律是保护这些 内在功德 的外在城墙。
→ 一句话要旨: 《增一法》不是在给你背戒本的目录,而是在教你如何拥有一双判断戒律上“是与非”、“轻与重”、“法与非法”的智慧之眼,把所有行持都导向内心的调柔与解脱。
关键术语锚 - attha → 义/意义
为什么易错:本篇作为纲领性论著,每一个条目背后的“用意”和“目的”才是核心,不能仅看作名词定义。它关乎戒律的精神和利益的落实。
- sikkhāpada → 学处(戒条)
为什么易错:常被泛化为一般的“规矩”,但这里的每一个条目、每一种情况的辨析,都是指向某个具体的、可学习的、应当遵守的训练规则,是“学习”的立足点。
- kamma → 甘马/业/僧团仪规
为什么易错:在本篇中,它几乎完全指僧团为处理僧事(如授戒、举罪、出罪等)而进行的法定程序(甘马),而非仅指个人造作的业力。混淆二者会误解整个僧团运作部分。
- āpatti → 罪/犯
为什么易错:它不仅仅是一个道德评判,而是指一个比丘/比丘尼违反了某个特定学处,从而构成了一种可以按照既定程序处理的“违法状态”。它有轻重、有覆藏、有出罪等复杂属性。
- saṅgha → 僧/僧团
为什么易错:在本篇中,“僧团”被频繁作为一个整体行动主体,执行“举罪”、“授具足戒”、“停止巴蒂摩卡”等,它不是抽象概念,而是具有法律行为能力、依议事程序运作的和合集体。